espad report 2019. additional tables

ESPAD report 2019. Additional tables Legal notice
This publication of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) and the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) is protected by copyright. The EMCDDA and ESPAD accept no responsibility or liability for any consequences arising from the use of the data contained in this document. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions of of the partners of the EMCDDA and ESPAD, any EU Member State or any agency or institution of the European Union.
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2020
Print ISBN 978-92-9497-549-2 doi:10.2810/231041 TD-03-20-532-EN-C
PDF ISBN 978-92-9497-548-5 doi:10.2810/109790 TD-03-20-532-EN-N
© European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2020 © European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs, 2020
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Recommended citation: ESPAD Group (2020), ESPAD Report 2019: Additional Tables, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
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YEARS OF MONITORING 1995–2020
Table 1. Perceived availability of cigarettes by gender. Students responding cigarettes ‘fairly easy’ or ‘very easy’ to obtain. 2019 (percentages) 9
Table 2a. Frequency of lifetime cigarette use. 2019 (percentages) 10
Table 2b. Frequency of lifetime cigarette use by gender. 2019 (percentages) 11
Table 3a. Cigarette use during the last 30 days. 2019 (percentages) 12
Table 3b. Cigarette use during the last 30 days by gender. 2019 (percentages) 13
Table 4. Daily cigarette use. Students smoking at least one cigarette per day during past month by gender. 2019 (percentages) 14
Table 5. Age of onset for cigarette use. Proportion of boys and girls having tried cigarettes and having smoked cigarettes on a daily basis at the age of 13 or younger. 2019 (percentages) 15
E-cigarette 16
Table 6a. Prevalence of e-cigarette use. 2019 (percentages) 16
Table 6b. Prevalence of e-cigarette use by gender. 2019 (percentages) 17
Table 7a. E-cigarette use during the last 30 days. 2019 (percentages) 18
Table 7b. E-cigarette use during the last 30 days by gender. 2019 (percentages) 19
Table 8. Age of onset for e-cigarette use. Proportion of boys and girls having tried e-cigarettes and having smoked e-cigarettes on a daily basis at the age of 13 or younger. 2019 (percentages) 20
Table 9a. Relationship with tobacco when first tried e-cigarette. 2019 (percentages) 21
Table 9b. Relationship with tobacco when first tried e-cigarette by gender. 2019 (percentages) 22
Table 10a. Reason why e-cigarette has been tried. 2019 (percentages) 23
Table 10b. Reason why e-cigarette has been tried by gender. 2019 (percentages) 24
Table 11a. Contents of the first e-cigarette. 2019 (percentages) 25
Table 11b. Contents of the first e-cigarette by gender. 2019 (percentages) 26
Table 12a. Prevalence of water pipe (shisha) use. 2019 (percentages) 27
Table 12b. Prevalence of water pipe (shisha) use by gender. 2019 (percentages) 28
Table 13a. Prevalence of moist snuff (snus) use. 2019 (percentages) 29
Table 13b. Prevalence of moist snuff (snus) use by gender. 2019 (percentages) 30
Table 14a. Prevalence of heat-not-burn tobacco use. 2019 (percentages) 31
Table 14b. Prevalence of heat-not-burn tobacco use by gender. 2019 (percentages) 32
Alcohol 33
Table 15b. Perceived availability of various alcoholic beverages by gender. Percentages responding ‘fairly easy’ or ‘very easy’ to obtain. 2019 34
Table 16a. Frequency of lifetime use of any alcoholic beverage. 2019 (percentages) 35
Table 16b. Frequency of lifetime use of any alcoholic beverage by gender. 2019 (percentages) 36
ESPAD Report 2019: Additional Tables 1
Contents
Contents
2 ESPAD Report 2019: Additional Tables
Table 17a. Frequency of use of any alcoholic beverage during the last 12 months. 2019 (percentages) 37
Table 17b. Frequency of use of any alcoholic beverage during the last 12 months by gender. 2019 (percentages) 38
Table 18a. Frequency of use of any alcoholic beverage during the last 30 days. 2019 (percentages) 39
Table 18b. Frequency of use of any alcoholic beverage during the last 30 days by gender. 2019 (percentages) 40
Table 19a. Use of various alcoholic beverages during the last 30 days. 2019 (percentages) 41
Table 19b. Use of various alcoholic beverages during the last 30 days by gender. 2019 (percentages) 42
Table 20a. ‘When was the last day you drank alcohol?’. 2019 (percentages) 43
Table 20b. ‘When was the last day you drank alcohol?’ by gender. 2019 (percentages) 44
Table 21a. Beer quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption. 2019 (percentages) 45
Table 21b. Beer quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption by gender. 2019 (percentages) 46
Table 22a. Cider quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption. 2019 (percentages) 47
Table 22b. Cider quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption by gender. 2019 (percentages) 48
Table 23a. Premixed drinks quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption. 2019 (percentages) 49
Table 23b. Premixed drinks quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption by gender. 2019 (percentages) 50
Table 24a. Wine quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption. 2019 (percentages) 51
Table 24b. Wine quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption by gender. 2019 (percentages) 52
Table 25a. Spirits quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption 2019 (percentages) 53
Table 25b. Spirits quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption by gender. 2019 (percentages) 54
Table 26a. Estimated average alcohol consumption (centilitres of 100 % alcohol) during the last alcohol drinking day among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption, per beverage and total. 2019 55
Table 26b. Estimated average alcohol consumption (centilitres of 100 % alcohol) during the last alcohol drinking day among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption, per beverage and total. Boys. 2019 56
Table 26c. Estimated average alcohol consumption (centilitres of 100 % alcohol) during the last alcohol drinking day among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption, per beverage and total (a). Girls. 2019 57
Table 27. Total estimated average alcohol consumption (centilitres of 100 % alcohol) during the last alcohol drinking day among all students including non-drinking students. 2019 58
Table 28. Self-estimated level of intoxication during the last alcohol drinking day by gender. 2019 59
Table 29a. Frequency of having had five or more drinks on one occasion during the last 30 days. 2019 (percentages) 60
Table 29b. Frequency of having had five or more drinks on one occasion during the last 30 days by gender. 2019 (percentages) 61
Table 30a. Frequency of lifetime drunkenness. 2019 (percentages) 62
Contents
Table 30b. Frequency of lifetime drunkenness by gender. 2019 (percentages) 63
Table 31a. Frequency of being drunk during the last 12 months. 2019 (percentages) 64
Table 31b. Frequency of being drunk during the last 12 months by gender. 2019 (percentages) 65
Table 32a. Frequency of being drunk during the last 30 days. 2019 (percentages) 66
Table 32b. Frequency of being drunk during the last 30 days by gender. 2019 (percentages) 67
Table 33a. Proportion of students having drunk (at least one glass) and having been drunk at the age of 13 or younger. 2019 (percentages) 68
Table 33b. Proportion of students having drunk (at least one glass) and having been drunk at the age of 13 or younger by gender. 2019 (percentages) 69
Table 34a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to enjoy a party. 2019 (percentages) 70
Table 34b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to enjoy a party by gender. 2019 (percentages) 71
Table 35a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: anti-depressant. 2019 (percentages) 72
Table 35b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: anti-depressant by gender. 2019 (percentages) 73
Table 36a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to cheer up. 2019 (percentages) 74
Table 36b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to cheer up by gender. 2019 (percentages) 75
Table 37a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: like the feeling. 2019 (percentages) 76
Table 37b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: like the feeling by gender. 2019 (percentages) 77
Table 38a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: get high. 2019 (percentages) 78
Table 38b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: get high by gender. 2019 (percentages) 79
Table 39a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: enhance social gatherings. 2019 (percentages) 80
Table 39b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: enhance social gatherings by gender. 2019 (percentages) 81
Table 40a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to fit in. 2019 (percentages) 82
Table 40b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to fit in by gender. 2019 (percentages) 83
Table 41a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: improve parties. 2019 (percentages) 84
Table 41b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: improve parties by gender. 2019 (percentages) 85
Table 42a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: forget problems. 2019 (percentages) 86
Table 42b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: forget problems by gender. 2019 (percentages) 87
Table 43a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: it’s fun. 2019 (percentages) 88
Table 43b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: it’s fun by gender. 2019 (percentages) 89
Table 44a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to be liked. 2019 (percentages) 90
Contents
Table 44b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to be liked by gender. 2019 (percentages) 91
Table 45a. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to not feel left out. 2019 (percentages) 92
Table 45b. Prevalence of drinking motive during the last 12 months: to not feel left out by gender. 2019 (percentages) 93
Illicit drugs 94
Table 46b. Perceived availability of various illicit substances by gender. Percentages responding ‘fairly easy’ or ‘very easy’ to obtain. 2019 95
Table 47a. Frequency of lifetime use of illicit drugs. 2019 (percentages) 96
Table 47b. Frequency of lifetime use of illicit drugs by gender. 2019 (percentages) 97
Cannabis 98
Table 48a. Frequency of lifetime use of cannabis. 2019 (percentages) 98
Table 48b. Frequency of lifetime use of cannabis by gender. 2019 (percentages) 99
Table 49a. Frequency of use of cannabis during the last 12 months. 2019 (percentages) 100
Table 49b. Frequency of use of cannabis during the last 12 months by gender. 2019 (percentages) 101
Table 50a. Frequency of use of cannabis during the last 30 days. 2019 (percentages) 102
Table 50b. Frequency of use of cannabis during the last 30 days by gender. 2019 (percentages) 103
Table 51a. Frequency of lifetime use of cannabis mixed with tobacco. 2019 (percentages) 104
Table 51b. Frequency of lifetime use of cannabis mixed with tobacco by gender. 2019 (percentages) 105
Table 52a. Frequency of use of cannabis resin during the last 12 months. 2019 (percentages) 106
Table 52b. Frequency of use of cannabis resin during the last 12 months by gender. 2019 (percentages) 107
Table 53a. Frequency of use of weed/skunk during the last 12 months. 2019 (percentages) 108
Table 53b. Frequency of use of weed/skunk during the last 12 months by gender. 2019 (percentages) 109
Table 54a. Frequency of use of cannabis oil during the last 12 months. 2019 (percentages) 110
Table 54b. Frequency of use of cannabis oil during the last 12 months by gender. 2019 (percentages) 111
Table 55. CAST item 1: cannabis before midday. 2019 (percentages) 112
Table 56. CAST item 2: cannabis alone. 2019 (percentages) 113
Table 57. CAST item 3: cannabis memory problems. 2019 (percentages) 114
Table 58. CAST item 4: cannabis recommended to quit by friends or family. 2019 (percentages) 115
Table 59. CAST item 5: cannabis tried to quit. 2019 (percentages) 116
Table 60. CAST item 6: cannabis problems, such as serious argument, fight, accident or problems at school. 2019 (percentages) 117
Table 61a. CAST: sum of scores and high-risk users. 2019 (percentages) 118
Table 61b. CAST: sum of scores and high-risk users. Boys. 2019 (percentages) 119
Table 61c. CAST: sum of scores and high-risk users. Girls. 2019 (percentages) 120
Other illicit drugs 121
Table 62a. Frequency of lifetime use of illicit drugs other than cannabis. 2019 (percentages) 121
Contents
Table 62b. Frequency of lifetime use of illicit drugs other than cannabis by gender. 2019 (percentages) 122
Table 63a. Lifetime use of various illicit drugs. 2019 (percentages) 123
Table 63b. Lifetime use of various illicit drugs by gender. 2019 (percentages) 124
Table 63c. Lifetime use of stimulants. 2019 (percentages) 125
Other substances 126
Table 64a. Lifetime use of various substances, intravenous drug use and mixing alcohol with pills. 2019 (percentages) 126
Table 64b. Lifetime use of various substances, intravenous drug use and mixing alcohol with pills by gender. 2019 (percentages) 127
Table 65a. Frequency of lifetime use of inhalants. 2019 (percentages) 128
Table 65b. Frequency of lifetime use of inhalants by gender. 2019 (percentages) 129
Table 66a. Frequency of use of inhalants during the last 12 months and last 30 days. 2019 (percentages) 130
Table 66b. Frequency of use of inhalants during the last 12 months and last 30 days by gender. 2019 (percentages) 131
Age of onset 132
Table 67a. Age of onset for various substances and mixing alcohol with pills. Proportion answering at the age of 13 or younger. 2019 (percentages) 132
Table 67b. Age of onset for various substances and mixing alcohol with pills. Proportion answering at the age of 13 or younger by gender. 2019 (percentages) 133
Abstinence 134
Table 68a. Lifetime abstinence from various substances. 2019 (percentages) 134
Table 68b. Lifetime abstinence from various substances by gender. 2019 (percentages) 135
New psychoactive substances (NPS) 136
Table 69a. New psychoactive substances (NPS): frequency of lifetime use. 2019 (percentages) 136
Table 69b. New psychoactive substances (NPS): frequency of lifetime use by gender. 2019 (percentages) 137
Table 69c. New psychoactive substances (NPS): lifetime prevalence and proportion of other risk behaviours among users. 2019 (percentages) 138
Table 70a. New psychoactive substances (NPS): frequency of use during the last 12 months. 2019 (percentages) 139
Table 70b. New psychoactive substances (NPS): frequency of use during the last 12 months by gender. 2019 (percentages) 140
Table 71a. New psychoactive substances (NPS): reported appearance among users. 2019 (percentages) 141
Table 71b. New psychoactive substances (NPS): reported appearance among users by gender. 2019 (percentages) 142
Table 72. New psychoactive substances (NPS): lifetime prevalence of the use of synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones. 2019 (percentages) 143
Perceived risk from use 144
Table 73a. Perceived risk from use of various substances. Percentages answering ‘great risk’ that people harm themselves if they do any of the following. 2019 144
Contents
Table 73b. Perceived risk from use of various substances. Percentages answering ‘great risk’ that people harm themselves if they do any of the following. Boys. 2019 145
Table 73c. Perceived risk from use of various substances. Percentages answering ‘great risk’ that people harm themselves if they do any of the following. Girls. 2019 146
Social media 147
Table 74a. Hours spent on social media during the last 7 days on a school day. 2019 (percentages) 147
Table 74b. Hours spent on social media during the last 7 days on a school day by gender. 2019 (percentages) 148
Table 75a. Hours spent on social media during the last 7 days on a non-school day. 2019 (percentages) 149
Table 75b. Hours spent on social media during the last 7 days on a non-school day by gender. 2019 (percentages) 150
Table 76a. I think I spend too much time on social media. 2019 (percentages) 151
Table 76b. I think I spend too much time on social media by gender. 2019 (percentages) 152
Table 77a. I get in a bad mood when I cannot spend time on social media. 2019 (percentages) 153
Table 77b. I get in a bad mood when I cannot spend time on social media by gender. 2019 (percentages) 154
Table 78a. My parents say that I spend way too much time on social media. 2019 (percentages) 155
Table 78b. My parents say that I spend way too much time on social media by gender. 2019 (percentages) 156
Gaming 157
Table 79a. Hours spent on gaming during the last 30 days on a school day. 2019 (percentages) 157
Table 79b. Hours spent on gaming during the last 30 days on a school day by gender. 2019 (percentages) 158
Table 80a. Hours spent on gaming during the last 30 days on a non-school day. 2019 (percentages) 159
Table 80b. Hours spent on gaming during the last 30 days on a non-school day by gender. 2019 (percentages) 160
Table 81. Average number of days on games during the last 7 days. 2019 (percentages) 161
Table 82a. I think I spend way too much time playing games. 2019 (percentages) 162
Table 82b. I think I spend way too much time playing games by gender. 2019 (percentages) 163
Table 83a. I get in a bad mood when I cannot spend time on games. 2019 (percentages) 164
Table 83b. I get in a bad mood when I cannot spend time on games by gender. 2019 (percentages) 165
Table 84a. My parents say that I spend way too much time on gaming. 2019 (percentages) 166
Table 84b. My parents say that I spend way too much time on gaming by gender. 2019 (percentages) 167
Table 85. Self-perceived problems with social media use and gaming: screening test. 2019 (percentages) 168
Gambling 169
Table 86a. Frequency of money gambling during the last 12 months. 2019 (percentages) 169
Table 86b. Frequency of money gambling during the last 12 months by gender. 2019 (percentages) 170
Table 87a. Time spent in a day on gambling during the last 12 months. 2019 (percentages) 171
Contents
Table 87b. Time spent in a day on gambling during the last 12 months by gender. 2019 (percentages) 172
Table 88a. Gambling more than 2 hours in the last 12 months. 2019 (percentages) 173
Table 88b. Gambling more than 2 hours in the last 12 months by gender. 2019 (percentages) 174
Table 89a. Prevalence of money gambling during the last 12 months by type of game and gender. 2019 (percentages) 175
Table 89b. Proportion of money gambling during the last 12 months by type of game and gender. 2019 (percentages) 176
Table 90a. Frequency of gambling on the internet in the last 12 months. 2019 (percentages) 177
Table 90b. Frequency of gambling on the internet in the last 12 months by gender. 2019 (percentages) 178
Table 100. Problem gambling: Lie/Bet screening test by gender. 2019 (percentages) 179
Table 101a. Excessive gambling: Consumption Screen for Problem Gambling (CSPG) by gender. 2019 (percentages) 180
Table 101b. Excessive gambling: prevalence and proportion of other risk behaviours among excessive gamblers during the last 12 months. 2019 (percentages) 181
Trends 182
Table 102. Lifetime use of cigarettes by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 182
Table 103. Cigarette use during the last 30 days by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 183
Table 104. Daily cigarette use. Students smoking at least one cigarette per day. 1995-2019 (percentages) 184
Table 105. Daily cigarette use at the age of 13 or younger by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 185
Table 106. Lifetime use of any alcoholic beverage by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 186
Table 107. Use of any alcoholic beverage during the last 12 months by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 187
Table 108. Use of any alcoholic beverage 20 times or more during the last 12 months by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 188
Table 109. Use of any alcoholic beverage during the last 30 days by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 189
Table 110. Use of any alcoholic beverage 10 times or more during the last 30 days by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 190
Table 111. Beer consumption during the last 30 days by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 191
Table 112. Wine consumption during the last 30 days by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 192
Table 113. Spirits consumption during the last 30 days by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 193
Table 114. Proportion reporting having had five or more drinks on one occasion during the last 30 days by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 194
Table 115. Proportion reporting having had five or more drinks on one occasion, three times or more, during the last 30 days by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 195
Table 116. Perceived availability of cannabis by gender. Students responding cannabis ‘fairly easy’ or ‘very easy’ to obtain. 1995-2019 (percentages) 196
Table 117. Lifetime use of illicit drugs by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 197
Table 118. Lifetime use of cannabis by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 198
Table 119. Cannabis use during the last 12 months by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 199
Table 120. Cannabis use during the last 30 days by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 200
Table 121. Cannabis use at the age of 13 or younger by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 201
Contents
Table 122. Lifetime use of illicit drugs other than cannabis by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 202
Table 123. Lifetime use of ecstasy by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 203
Table 124. Lifetime use of tranquillisers or sedatives without a doctor’s prescription by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 204
Table 125. Lifetime use of alcohol together with pills by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 205
Table 126. Lifetime use of inhalants by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 206
Table 127. Lifetime abstinence from cigarettes, alcohol, inhalants, tranquillisers or sedatives and illicit drugs by gender. 1995-2019 (percentages) 207
Table 128. Overview of ESPAD surveys conducted between 1995 and 2019 by country contained in the ESPAD trend database 1995-2019. Sample size. 208
Cigarette
Cigarette
Table 1. Perceived availability of cigarettes by gender. Students responding cigarettes ‘fairly easy’ or ‘very easy’ to obtain. 2019 (percentages)
Boys Girls All No response
Boys Girls All
North Macedonia 48 51 49 1.5 2.9 2.3
Norway 66 64 65 0.5 0.4 0.4
Poland 72 72 72 0.4 0.1 0.2
Portugal 53 55 54 0.2 0.3 0.3
Romania 41 37 39 0.7 0.5 0.6
Serbia 57 56 56 1.9 1.8 1.8
Slovakia 70 72 71 0.3 0.3 0.3
Slovenia 64 60 62 0.8 0.4 0.6
Spain 61 66 64 0.6 0.1 0.3
Sweden 73 76 75 0.2 0.5 0.3
Ukraine 42 42 42 0.0 0.0 0.0
AVERAGE 61 59 60 0.8 0.7 0.7
* This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.
Cigarette
Question C06
Number of occasions Once or more
No response0 1-2 3-9 10-19 20-39 40+
Austria 52 15 11 4.2 3.4 14 48 0.1
Bulgaria 50 12 11 4.0 3.0 20 50 0.5
Croatia 46 14 11 4.6 4.0 20 54 0.2
Cyprus 72 11 6.2 2.8 1.8 6.6 28 0.1
Czechia 46 18 13 4.6 4.0 15 54 0.4
Denmark 58 11 8.9 4.7 3.8 14 42 0.0
Estonia 52 14 11 4.3 4.2 15 48 0.1
Faroes 54 12 12 6.1 2.8 13 46 0.4
Finland 61 10 8.5 3.7 3.9 13 39 0.1
France 55 13 10 4.6 2.4 15 45 0.2
Georgia 64 15 9.0 3.1 2.0 6.8 36 0.3
Germany 55 14 10 4.3 4.9 12 45 0.0
Greece 67 12 6.8 3.0 2.3 8.1 33 0.1
Hungary 47 15 10 5.1 4.0 19 53 0.2
Iceland 85 4.7 3.9 0.9 1.1 4.0 15 0.0
Ireland 69 11 7.9 3.1 2.5 7.0 31 0.3
Italy 45 14 12 5.1 5.3 20 55 0.2
Kosovo 59 16 11 4.5 2.4 7.0 41 0.9
Latvia 42 18 14 5.3 3.7 16 58 0.2
Lithuania 46 17 14 5.4 3.7 15 54 0.2
Malta 78 8.8 5.6 2.5 1.5 3.9 22 0.2
Monaco 55 14 11 6.3 2.3 11 45 0.0
Montenegro 65 13 7.6 2.9 2.1 8.8 35 0.2
Netherlands 69 11 6.5 3.0 2.8 7.7 31 0.0
North Macedonia 62 14 10 3.7 2.3 8.1 38 0.8
Norway 75 8.7 6.0 3.0 1.8 5.6 25 0.5
Poland 50 14 11 5.2 4.5 15 50 0.4
Portugal 66 12 9.2 3.3 2.7 7.0 34 0.2
Romania 51 16 10 3.9 2.9 17 49 0.2
Serbia 62 13 8.4 2.7 1.9 12 38 0.2
Slovakia 42 15 13 5.6 4.2 21 58 0.2
Slovenia 62 12 9.5 3.4 3.0 10 38 0.2
Spain 59 12 10 4.7 3.5 11 41 0.1
Sweden 74 7.9 6.5 2.3 1.9 7.8 26 0.4
Ukraine 50 18 12 3.9 3.3 12 50 0.3
AVERAGE 58 13 10 4.0 3.0 12 42 0.2
Cigarette
Question C06
Table 2b. Frequency of lifetime cigarette use by gender. 2019 (percentages)
Number of occasions Once or more No response
0 1-2 3-9 10-19 20-39 40+
Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls
Austria 53 52 17 13 10 12 4.2 4.2 2.4 4.5 14 14 47 48 0.2 0.0
Bulgaria 55 45 11 13 11 11 3.6 4.4 1.6 4.4 18 22 45 55 0.2 0.8
Croatia 45 47 15 13 11 12 4.3 4.9 3.8 4.3 21 19 55 53 0.1 0.3
Cyprus 67 76 13 8.8 7.1 5.4 3.8 2.1 2.1 1.6 7.3 6.0 33 24 0.0 0.1
Czechia 46 46 20 15 13 13 4.0 5.3 3.0 5.1 14 16 54 54 0.3 0.5
Denmark 57 59 11 10 9.2 8.7 4.8 4.7 3.4 4.1 14 14 43 41 0.1 0.0
Estonia 50 54 16 12 10 11 4.4 4.1 3.6 4.8 16 14 50 46 0.1 0.2
Faroes 42 66 15 10 13 10 6.8 5.4 4.0 1.5 18 7.3 58 34 0.4 0.4
Finland 57 65 12 8.5 10 7.2 3.8 3.7 3.4 4.4 14 11 43 35 0.2 0.0
France 54 56 15 11 9.5 10 3.7 5.6 2.0 2.9 15 14 46 44 0.3 0.1
Georgia 54 73 18 13 11 7.3 3.7 2.6 2.4 1.7 12 2.6 46 27 0.6 0.1
Germany 56 55 14 13 10 11 3.8 4.9 4.3 5.5 12 11 44 45 0.0 0.0
Greece 67 68 13 11 5.5 7.9 3.3 2.8 1.9 2.6 9.3 7.1 33 32 0.2 0.0
Hungary 48 46 17 13 10 11 5.0 5.2 3.2 4.8 17 20 52 54 0.3 0.2
Iceland 84 86 5.7 3.8 4.3 3.6 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.2 3.8 4.2 16 14 0.0 0.0
Ireland 67 70 11 11 7.7 8.0 2.5 3.7 2.8 2.3 9.1 5.1 33 30 0.4 0.2
Italy 46 43 15 12 11 12 4.0 6.4 4.3 6.5 20 20 54 57 0.3 0.2
Kosovo 47 69 15 17 16 6.2 6.5 2.8 2.7 2.0 12 2.3 53 31 1.2 0.5
Latvia 41 44 19 18 15 12 5.5 5.2 2.9 4.4 16 17 59 56 0.1 0.2
Lithuania 45 46 17 16 14 14 5.4 5.5 2.9 4.5 15 14 55 54 0.3 0.1
Malta 79 76 9.0 8.6 5.2 6.0 1.6 3.4 1.0 2.0 3.9 3.9 21 24 0.3 0.1
Monaco 57 54 14 15 9.1 13 4.8 7.7 2.9 1.8 13 9.1 43 46 0.0 0.0
Montenegro 63 68 14 13 7.2 8.1 3.2 2.7 1.8 2.4 11 6.6 37 32 0.1 0.3
Netherlands 70 68 11 11 5.3 7.7 3.0 2.9 2.5 3.1 8.4 7.0 30 32 0.0 0.0
North Macedonia 60 64 14 14 10 10 3.5 3.8 2.5 2.1 10 6.4 40 36 0.5 1.1
Norway 71 79 8.9 8.5 7.0 5.0 3.1 2.8 1.8 1.8 8.1 3.1 29 21 0.5 0.4
Poland 51 50 16 13 10 12 4.5 5.9 3.3 5.5 15 14 49 50 0.4 0.3
Portugal 66 66 13 11 8.2 10 3.1 3.5 2.4 3.0 7.8 6.3 34 34 0.4 0.1
Romania 51 50 16 16 10 10 4.1 3.7 2.6 3.1 17 17 49 50 0.2 0.1
Serbia 62 61 13 14 7.3 9.4 2.4 3.0 2.0 1.8 13 12 38 39 0.3 0.1
Slovakia 47 38 15 14 11 14 5.0 6.2 3.3 5.1 19 23 53 62 0.3 0.2
Slovenia 62 63 14 11 9.3 10 2.9 3.8 2.8 3.1 10 9.4 38 37 0.2 0.1
Spain 62 57 12 11 10 11 3.8 5.5 3.0 3.8 10 13 38 43 0.1 0.2
Sweden 75 73 8.3 7.4 6.2 6.7 2.2 2.5 2.1 1.7 6.6 8.9 25 27 0.6 0.2
Ukraine 46 54 19 18 12 12 4.4 3.5 3.0 3.6 15 9.4 54 46 0.1 0.4
AVERAGE 57 60 14 12 10 10 3.9 4.1 2.7 3.3 13 11 43 40 0.3 0.2
Cigarette
Question C07
Table 3a. Cigarette use during the last 30 days. 2019 (percentages)
Number of cigarettes per day Once or more
No response0 <1 1-5 6-10 11-20 21+
Austria 77 11 5.0 3.6 2.2 1.3 23 0.1
Bulgaria 68 10 7.3 6.5 5.3 2.7 32 0.2
Croatia 71 10 7.5 4.7 4.0 3.3 29 0.4
Cyprus 86 6.7 3.7 2.0 1.2 0.9 14 0.3
Czechia 76 13 4.8 2.8 1.8 0.9 24 0.1
Denmark 78 13 4.2 3.2 1.8 0.8 22 0.0
Estonia 80 11 5.6 1.9 0.9 0.8 20 0.0
Faroes 83 11 2.8 2.6 0.6 1.0 17 0.4
Finland 83 11 3.8 1.5 0.8 0.7 17 0.3
France 78 10 6.3 3.1 1.6 0.7 22 0.5
Georgia 88 4.2 3.0 1.6 1.2 1.7 12 0.3
Germany 80 11 5.0 2.2 0.9 0.7 20 0.1
Greece 85 7.0 4.2 1.9 1.2 0.8 15 0.1
Hungary 72 10 8.5 4.4 3.3 1.7 28 0.2
Iceland 95 3.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.9 5.1 0.0
Ireland 86 9.2 3.2 0.8 0.7 0.5 14 0.2
Italy 68 14 9.2 5.2 2.9 1.3 32 0.2
Kosovo 85 8.3 2.5 1.9 1.0 1.7 15 0.2
Latvia 77 11 6.4 2.7 1.2 1.3 23 0.2
Lithuania 79 13 4.2 2.2 0.7 0.9 21 0.1
Malta 90 6.9 1.7 0.8 0.7 0.4 10 0.0
Monaco 80 12 4.7 2.3 0.7 0.2 20 0.0
Montenegro 84 6.4 3.8 2.2 2.1 1.9 16 0.1
Netherlands 85 9.5 3.2 1.2 0.4 0.5 15 0.0
North Macedonia 80 8.7 4.3 3.0 2.4 1.6 20 0.5
Norway 90 8.0 1.4 0.4 0.1 0.6 10 0.5
Poland 78 11 6.0 2.7 1.3 0.7 22 0.2
Portugal 86 8.9 3.8 0.9 0.6 0.1 14 0.1
Romania 69 13 8.7 5.6 3.1 1.1 31 0.2
Serbia 83 5.0 4.3 2.8 2.9 1.6 17 0.3
Slovakia 71 11 9.2 5.6 2.3 1.2 29 0.3
Slovenia 81 10 4.9 2.2 1.6 0.7 19 0.2
Spain 79 12 6.0 1.9 0.6 0.4 21 0.1
Sweden 89 5.9 2.8 1.1 0.5 0.7 11 0.0
Ukraine 78 10 5.9 3.4 1.5 0.7 22 0.1
AVERAGE 80 10 4.8 2.6 1.6 1.1 20 0.2
Cigarette
Question C07
Table 3b. Cigarette use during the last 30 days by gender. 2019 (percentages)
Number of cigarettes per day Once or more No response
0 <1 1-5 6-10 11-20 21+
Austria 78 75 10 12 4.5 5.5 3.4 3.7 2.3 2.2 1.5 1.0 22 25 0.1 0.0
Bulgaria 73 64 8.3 12 5.6 9.0 5.8 7.2 4.8 5.8 2.8 2.6 27 36 0.2 0.2
Croatia 71 70 10 10 6.8 8.3 4.6 4.8 4.1 3.8 3.4 3.1 29 30 0.3 0.5
Cyprus 82 88 8.5 5.3 3.6 3.8 3.2 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.6 18 12 0.6 0.1
Czechia 79 74 11 16 4.0 5.6 2.4 3.2 2.3 1.4 1.1 0.7 21 26 0.1 0.1
Denmark 78 77 12 13 3.7 4.6 2.5 3.8 2.3 1.3 1.2 0.4 22 23 0.1 0.0
Estonia 81 79 10 12 5.0 6.2 2.2 1.7 1.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 19 21 0.0 0.0
Faroes 78 86 13 8.1 2.4 3.1 3.6 1.5 0.8 0.4 1.6 0.4 22 14 0.4 0.4
Finland 82 83 12 10 3.2 4.3 1.3 1.6 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.4 18 17 0.3 0.3
France 79 78 9.0 11 6.6 5.9 3.2 2.9 1.9 1.2 0.5 0.8 21 22 0.9 0.2
Georgia 83 93 5.3 3.2 4.6 1.7 2.4 1.0 2.0 0.5 2.7 0.8 17 7.1 0.5 0.1
Germany 81 79 10 12 5.2 4.9 2.1 2.3 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.3 19 21 0.1 0.0
Greece 85 85 5.7 8.1 3.8 4.6 2.4 1.5 1.6 0.7 1.4 0.3 15 15 0.2 0.0
Hungary 75 69 8.7 12 6.4 11 3.8 5.1 4.4 2.2 1.8 1.6 25 31 0.2 0.3
Iceland 96 94 2.5 3.9 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.9 4.3 5.9 0.0 0.0
Ireland 84 87 10 8.8 3.5 2.9 1.0 0.6 1.3 0.1 0.7 0.3 16 13 0.1 0.2
Italy 69 66 12 16 8.4 10 5.4 5.1 3.3 2.4 1.4 1.2 31 34 0.2 0.2
Kosovo 79 89 9.3 7.4 4.2 1.1 3.1 0.9 1.4 0.7 2.8 0.7 21 11 0.0 0.3
Latvia 79 75 10 12 4.5 8.4 3.3 2.1 1.7 0.7 1.2 1.4 21 25 0.1 0.2
Lithuania 79 79 12 14 4.1 4.3 2.6 1.8 1.0 0.4 1.2 0.6 21 21 0.2 0.1
Malta 91 88 5.7 8.2 1.5 1.9 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.1 9.5 12 0.1 0.0
Monaco 79 82 14 9.1 4.3 5.0 1.4 3.2 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.0 21 18 0.0 0.0
Montenegro 82 86 6.8 5.9 3.6 4.0 2.6 1.8 2.7 1.5 2.6 1.2 18 14 0.1 0.1
Netherlands 85 86 8.9 10 3.6 2.8 1.6 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.0 15 14 0.0 0.0
North Macedonia 77 82 8.7 8.8 4.9 3.6 3.7 2.3 2.9 2.0 2.3 0.9 23 18 0.1 0.8
Norway 87 92 9.3 6.6 2.0 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.2 13 7.9 0.6 0.5
Poland 78 78 10 12 5.0 6.9 3.5 1.9 1.7 0.9 1.2 0.3 22 22 0.4 0.1
Portugal 86 85 8.6 9.1 3.6 4.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.0 14 15 0.2 0.0
Romania 70 68 12 14 8.1 9.2 5.8 5.4 3.4 2.7 1.2 1.0 30 32 0.2 0.2
Serbia 83 84 5.2 4.9 4.0 4.5 3.1 2.5 3.0 2.8 2.1 1.2 17 16 0.5 0.2
Slovakia 74 67 10 12 6.4 12 5.7 5.5 2.3 2.3 1.3 1.0 26 33 0.1 0.4
Slovenia 82 80 8.7 11 4.6 5.1 2.5 1.9 1.4 1.8 0.9 0.5 18 20 0.4 0.1
Spain 82 75 11 14 4.8 7.1 1.4 2.4 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.4 18 25 0.1 0.2
Sweden 90 88 5.3 6.4 2.0 3.6 1.0 1.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.7 10 12 0.1 0.0
Ukraine 75 82 10 10 6.8 5.2 4.7 2.3 2.0 1.1 1.2 0.3 25 18 0.1 0.1
AVERAGE 80 80 9.2 10 4.5 5.2 2.8 2.4 1.8 1.3 1.4 0.8 20 20 0.2 0.2
Cigarette
Question C07
Table 4. Daily cigarette use. Students smoking at least one cigarette per day during past month by gender. 2019 (percentages)
Boys Girls All No response
Boys Girls All
North Macedonia 14 8.8 11 0.1 0.8 0.5
Norway 3.6 1.4 2.5 0.6 0.5 0.5
Poland 11 10 11 0.4 0.1 0.2
Portugal 5.5 5.4 5.5 0.2 0.0 0.1
Romania 18 18 18 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbia 12 11 12 0.5 0.2 0.3
Slovakia 16 21 18 0.1 0.4 0.3
Slovenia 9.4 9.2 9.3 0.4 0.1 0.2
Spain 7.2 11 9.0 0.1 0.2 0.1
Sweden 4.2 6.1 5.1 0.1 0.0 0.0
Ukraine 15 8.8 12 0.1 0.1 0.1
AVERAGE 10 10 10 0.2 0.2 0.2
Cigarette
Question C08
Table 5. Age of onset for cigarette use. Proportion of boys and girls having tried cigarettes and having smoked cigarettes on a daily basis at the age of 13 or younger. 2019 (percentages)
First cigarette Daily cigarette use First cigarette, no
response (total)
Austria 18 16 17 3.2 1.9 2.6 0.3 0.7
Bulgaria 20 20 20 6.3 5.6 5.9 0.3 1.9
Croatia 24 20 22 5.3 3.0 4.2 0.4 1.6
Cyprus 13 8.1 10 3.5 2.7 3.0 0.2 1.8
Czechia 30 27 29 3.3 3.1 3.2 0.2 0.8
Denmark 15 11 13 2.4 2.1 2.3 0.0 0.5
Estonia 31 23 27 5.1 4.5 4.8 0.1 0.6
Faroes 33 14 24 3.7 2.4 3.0 0.2 2.9
Finland 23 14 19 3.3 2.1 2.7 0.2 0.7
France 20 16 18 2.6 2.8 2.7 0.4 2.3
Georgia 28 14 21 4.0 1.3 2.6 0.5 1.2
Germany 16 15 15 2.2 1.5 1.9 0.0 0.3
Greece 12 8.7 10 1.8 0.8 1.3 0.1 0.4
Hungary 22 18 20 3.3 2.9 3.1 0.2 1.5
Iceland 6.2 4.5 5.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.0 0.4
Ireland 14 8.0 11 3.4 1.6 2.5 0.3 2.0
Italy 23 21 22 3.7 3.1 3.4 0.2 0.9
Kosovo 33 14 23 6.0 0.9 3.2 0.7 2.5
Latvia 36 27 31 5.9 3.1 4.5 0.3 0.9
Lithuania 37 29 33 3.6 3.4 3.5 0.0 0.8
Malta 6.8 8.0 7.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 0.1 0.4
Monaco 15 15 15 1.4 2.3 1.9 0.0 0.5
Montenegro 19 13 16 3.7 1.4 2.5 0.2 0.9
Netherlands 11 9.4 10 1.6 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.0
North Macedonia 17 8.5 12 4.2 1.2 2.6 0.8 1.7
Norway 12 5.5 8.6 4.0 1.9 3.0 1.1 15.1
Poland 24 18 21 3.9 2.4 3.1 0.3 1.3
Portugal 19 16 17 3.3 2.1 2.7 0.1 0.6
Romania 23 17 20 5.2 4.8 5.0 0.3 0.7
Serbia 13 12 13 2.1 1.3 1.7 0.3 0.9
Slovakia 25 28 26 5.4 5.8 5.6 0.4 2.2
Slovenia 14 13 13 1.2 1.6 1.4 0.3 1.1
Spain 16 17 16 1.9 2.7 2.3 0.2 0.5
Sweden 12 11 11 2.7 1.8 2.3 0.2 2.7
Ukraine 29 22 25 5.8 3.9 4.8 0.3 1.8
AVERAGE 20 15 18 3.5 2.4 2.9 0.3 1.6
E-cigarette
E-cigarette
Table 6a. Prevalence of e-cigarette use. 2019 (percentages)
Last 30 days Last 12 months More than 12 months ago
Never Lifetime No response
North Macedonia 7.2 15 6.1 79 21 0.5
Norway 10 22 16 69 31 2.2
Poland 30 45 11 44 56 0.3
Portugal 6.3 17 27 74 26 0.0
Romania 14 32 10 59 41 0.1
Serbia 5.5 12 5.6 82 18 0.2
Slovakia 18 40 14 46 54 0.2
Slovenia 10 23 11 66 34 0.1
Spain 9.4 27 15 58 42 0.3
Sweden 6.4 18 11 71 29 0.1
Ukraine 11 27 24 49 51 0.1
AVERAGE 14 28 13 60 40 0.3
E-cigarette
Question C09.1-4
Table 6b. Prevalence of e-cigarette use by gender. 2019 (percentages)
Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls
Austria 18 9.3 34 24 14 11 53 66 47 34 0.2 0.1
Bulgaria 14 13 26 25 12 9.5 62 65 38 35 0.0 0.1
Croatia 16 8.9 33 22 19 14 49 64 51 36 0.1 0.3
Cyprus 14 7.5 38 24 21 17 43 61 57 39 0.8 0.0
Czechia 23 17 50 43 15 12 35 44 65 56 0.2 0.2
Denmark 19 10 37 21 9.4 6.0 56 73 44 27 0.1 0.0
Estonia 17 12 38 31 22 16 39 53 61 47 0.1 0.0
Faroes 12 4.6 31 14 23 13 47 73 53 27 0.0 0.4
Finland 10 5.4 26 18 19 7.0 56 76 44 24 0.0 0.0
France 20 13 39 29 12 12 49 59 51 41 0.2 0.1
Georgia 11 4.1 24 11 18 13 59 77 41 23 0.6 0.6
Germany 20 12 40 26 11 8.9 50 65 50 35 0.4 0.1
Greece 15 7.6 33 20 10 8.3 58 72 42 28 0.1 0.0
Hungary 25 16 47 35 11 12 42 53 58 47 0.1 0.3
Iceland 15 18 24 30 16 12 61 61 39 39 0.1 0.0
Ireland 20 12 32 25 12 7.3 57 69 43 31 0.3 0.1
Italy 15 12 34 25 19 12 48 64 52 36 1.1 0.3
Kosovo 17 4.7 29 10 15 6.3 56 84 44 16 0.5 0.4
Latvia 21 13 42 30 18 14 41 56 59 44 0.8 0.6
Lithuania 34 29 51 47 18 15 32 38 68 62 0.2 0.1
Malta 7.7 6.6 16 14 4.9 6.3 79 79 21 21 0.1 0.1
Monaco 42 41 55 54 12 8.6 35 40 65 60 0.5 0.0
Montenegro 10 4.4 18 8.1 8.8 5.2 73 87 27 13 0.0 0.1
Netherlands 11 8.0 23 21 18 11 60 69 40 31 0.0 0.0
North Macedonia 9.4 5 20 10 7.9 4.4 73 86 27 14 0.1 0.9
Norway 13 6.6 28 16 22 10 61 78 39 22 2.4 2.0
Poland 33 28 48 44 12 11 41 46 59 54 0.4 0.2
Portugal 8.5 4.5 22 13 33 21 68 79 32 21 0.0 0.0
Romania 14 13 32 31 10 10 58 59 42 41 0.1 0.1
Serbia 7.1 4.0 15 9.5 5.4 5.8 80 85 20 15 0.3 0.2
Slovakia 22 14 43 38 13 15 45 47 55 53 0.1 0.3
Slovenia 13 8.0 28 19 13 8.3 59 73 41 27 0.2 0.1
Spain 11 7.9 31 25 16 14 54 62 46 38 0.4 0.2
Sweden 8.5 4.3 22 14 14 8.9 65 78 35 22 0.0 0.2
Ukraine 14 8.4 32 23 26 22 42 55 58 45 0.1 0.0
AVERAGE 17 11 33 24 15 11 54 66 46 34 0.3 0.2
E-cigarette
Question C10
Table 7a. E-cigarette use during the last 30 days. 2019 (percentages)
Not at all Less than once
per week At least once
a week Almost every day
or every day No response
Austria 83 10 4.7 1.7 0.1
Bulgaria 79 11 5.5 4.3 0.2
Croatia 82 11 4.4 3.0 0.3
Cyprus 78 11 7.2 4.6 0.7
Czechia 77 14 5.4 3.1 0.2
Denmark 87 7.6 3.0 2.0 0.0
Estonia 80 12 4.6 3.1 0.1
Faroes 90 7.6 1.0 1.2 0.0
Finland 88 8.3 2.4 1.3 0.2
France 78 15 3.8 2.4 0.2
Georgia 92 4.9 2.0 0.6 1.3
Germany 83 12 3.9 1.9 0.4
Greece 87 8.5 2.9 2.0 0.3
Hungary 73 17 5.5 4.9 0.3
Iceland 81 7.5 3.8 7.9 0.0
Ireland 82 9.5 4.0 4.4 0.2
Italy 80 12 4.7 3.0 0.2
Kosovo 85 8.5 3.8 2.3 0.7
Latvia 78 13 5.8 3.3 0.5
Lithuania 60 14 12 14 0.3
Malta 90 5.7 2.8 1.2 0.1
Monaco 57 23 10 10 0.0
Montenegro 90 6.3 2.7 1.1 0.1
Netherlands 87 8.2 3.6 1.0 0.0
North Macedonia 88 6.4 3.2 2.4 0.5
Norway 90 5.8 2.3 2.0 8.7
Poland - - - - -
E-cigarette
Question C10
Table 7b. E-cigarette use during the last 30 days by gender. 2019 (percentages)
Not at all Less than once
per week At least once a week
Almost every day or every day
No response
Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls
Austria 79 88 12 8.4 6.5 2.9 2.7 0.7 0.1 0.1
Bulgaria 78 80 11 11 6.2 4.9 4.3 4.3 0.3 0.1
Croatia 77 87 13 8.1 6.1 2.6 3.5 2.6 0.1 0.4
Cyprus 73 82 10 11 10 4.7 6.6 3.0 0.7 0.6
Czechia 74 80 14 14 6.6 4.1 4.9 1.3 0.4 0.1
Denmark 83 92 10 5.3 4.5 1.6 2.9 1.2 0.0 0.0
Estonia 76 84 13 11 5.8 3.5 5.0 1.4 0.1 0.1
Faroes 86 95 11 4.6 1.2 0.8 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finland 84 92 10 6.3 3.3 1.5 2.0 0.7 0.3 0.2
France 73 84 18 13 5.2 2.3 3.5 1.3 0.2 0.1
Georgia 89 96 7.1 3.1 3.2 0.9 1.1 0.2 1.6 1.1
Germany 79 87 12 11 5.9 1.9 2.9 0.8 0.7 0.1
Greece 82 91 10 6.9 4.4 1.4 3.3 0.7 0.4 0.2
Hungary 68 78 18 16 7.8 3.1 6.7 2.9 0.3 0.3
Iceland 82 79 6.9 8.2 3.7 3.8 7.1 8.8 0.1 0.0
Ireland 77 87 10 8.7 5.4 2.7 6.9 2.1 0.2 0.1
Italy 77 84 14 11 5.4 3.8 4.0 2.0 0.3 0.2
Kosovo 78 91 13 4.9 5.6 2.2 3.2 1.5 0.5 0.8
Latvia 72 84 15 11 8.0 3.6 4.9 1.6 0.6 0.4
Lithuania 56 63 12 15 15 10 16 13 0.3 0.2
Malta 90 91 5.6 5.8 3.2 2.3 1.4 0.9 0.2 0.1
Monaco 56 58 21 25 12 8.2 11.1 8.6 0.0 0.0
Montenegro 86 94 8.5 4.1 3.8 1.5 1.5 0.6 0.2 0.1
Netherlands 85 89 10 6.9 4.1 3.1 1.3 0.8 0.0 0.0
North Macedonia 84 92 8.6 4.3 3.3 3.1 4.2 0.7 0.3 0.8
Norway 86 93 7.5 4.2 3.2 1.5 3.2 0.8 10.7 6.7
Poland - - - - - - - - - -
Portugal 88 93 7.9 4.4 3.0 1.4 1.6 0.9 0.1 0.0
Romania 72 79 19 16 5.2 3.1 3.8 1.9 0.4 0.3
Serbia 91 93 3.5 3.1 2.6 1.4 2.5 2.3 0.3 0.3
Slovakia 75 80 14 15 6.6 3.6 4.7 2.1 0.3 0.1
Slovenia 81 87 11 8.3 4.1 2.0 3.5 2.8 0.4 0.1
Spain 85 88 8.8 9.3 4.5 1.9 1.5 0.7 0.3 0.2
Sweden 88 95 7.2 4.1 2.4 0.7 2.0 0.6 0.0 0.2
Ukraine 77 85 14 11 5.7 3.0 3.4 1.3 0.5 0.1
AVERAGE 79 86 11 9.1 5.4 2.9 4.1 2.2 0.6 0.4
E-cigarette
Question C11
Table 8. Age of onset for e-cigarette use. Proportion of boys and girls having tried e-cigarettes and having smoked e-cigarettes on a daily basis at the age of 13 or younger. 2019 (percentages)
First e-cigarette Daily e-cigarette use First e-cigarette, no response
(total)
Austria 15 10 13 2.3 0.9 1.6 0.2 1.9
Bulgaria 11 6.4 8.6 3.7 1.4 2.6 0.1 0.9
Croatia 16 8.8 12 3.0 1.4 2.2 0.1 0.9
Cyprus 20 8.1 13 5.7 1.3 3.2 0.4 2.9
Czechia 15 12 14 1.8 0.6 1.2 0.2 0.9
Denmark 11 6.5 8.8 1.8 0.7 1.2 0.0 0.4
Estonia 23 16 20 3.4 1.3 2.3 0.1 1.2
Faroes 22 6.6 14 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 2.3
Finland 23 7.6 15 1.8 0.4 1.1 0.2 0.6
France 15 9.1 12 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.3 2.5
Georgia 13 5.0 8.7 3.2 1.0 2.0 0.4 1.6
Germany 14 8.4 11 2.0 0.5 1.2 0.2 0.5
Greece 11 3.9 7.2 2.1 0.5 1.3 0.1 0.3
Hungary 12 9.0 10 1.9 1.5 1.7 0.2 1.2
Iceland 14 11 12 2.4 1.7 2.0 0.1 0.9
Ireland 17 6.4 11 3.7 1.0 2.3 0.5 1.0
Italy 16 8.8 13 3.3 0.7 2.1 0.3 0.7
Kosovo 18 4.5 11 5.4 1.5 3.3 0.7 1.9
Latvia 22 12 17 3.1 0.6 1.8 0.2 0.9
Lithuania 24 15 20 3.9 1.7 2.8 0.2 1.4
Malta 5.6 4.3 4.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.1 1.0
Monaco 22 13 17 2.4 0.9 1.7 0.2 1.6
Montenegro 5.5 3.1 4.3 1.1 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.5
Netherlands 18 10 14 1.9 0.2 1.0 0.0 0.0
North Macedonia 9.1 4.7 6.8 1.4 0.3 0.8 0.8 1.3
Norway 10 3.1 6.3 3.7 1.3 2.4 17 24.6
Poland - - - - - - - -
E-cigarette
Question C12
Table 9a. Relationship with tobacco when first tried e-cigarette. 2019 (percentages)
Never tried e-cigarette
Never used tobacco
Occasionally used tobacco
Regularly using tobacco
North Macedonia 78 12 7.6 2.7 0.9
Norway 81 11 5.5 2.1 16
Poland - - - - -
E-cigarette
Question C12
Table 9b. Relationship with tobacco when first tried e-cigarette by gender. 2019 (percentages)
Regularly using tobacco
Austria 54 64 29 20 14 13 3.2 3.2 0.4 0.1
Bulgaria 61 62 20 15 12 15 6.3 8.2 0.4 0.4
Croatia 47 55 17 12 28 24 8.1 8.5 3.4 1.9
Cyprus 39 55 47 33 11 9.3 2.7 2.5 1.5 0.1
Czechia 41 47 36 26 19 21 4.5 5.3 1.0 0.7
Denmark 60 76 21 11 14 10 4.4 3.4 0.3 0.1
Estonia 39 51 29 25 26 19 6.4 6.1 0.9 0.9
Faroes 46 73 24 15 21 8.1 8.5 3.9 2.0 0.8
Finland 53 73 23 10 21 13 3.8 4.4 0.4 0.1
France 51 58 27 20 16 16 5.0 5.9 1.7 0.5
Georgia 56 69 26 24 14 6.2 3.4 0.7 1.7 1.1
Germany 55 68 21 12 20 16 3.9 4.8 3.6 2.3
Greece 54 67 32 21 11 10 3.3 2.6 0.3 0.1
Hungary 42 52 32 21 19 20 7.5 7.5 0.4 0.3
Iceland 66 65 28 30 4.6 3.4 1.5 1.8 5.7 4.0
Ireland 59 70 28 20 9.0 8.3 4.4 1.9 0.9 0.4
Italy 44 59 31 16 17 14 7.6 11 0.6 0.0
Kosovo 59 80 27 17 10 2.4 4.3 1.0 1.6 0.4
Latvia 35 43 30 28 29 24 5.9 5.4 0.9 0.5
Lithuania 35 41 37 33 23 23 4.7 2.7 1.1 0.8
Malta 76 77 17 16 5.6 5.6 1.7 1.8 0.4 0.3
Monaco 38 43 43 36 18 16 2.0 5.5 1.9 1.4
Montenegro 71 83 15 8.9 11 6.0 2.9 1.7 0.7 0.5
Netherlands 54 65 35 23 7.8 10 3.4 2.3 0.0 0.0
North Macedonia 73 83 14 9.0 8.6 6.7 4.1 1.4 0.8 1.0
Norway 74 88 16 6.9 7.1 4.0 2.9 1.3 20 13
Poland - - - - - - - - - -
Portugal 65 75 21 13 11 10 2.6 2.4 0.7 0.2
Romania 55 64 24 15 14 13 6.8 7.0 0.6 0.5
Serbia 76 81 14 12 5.8 3.8 3.3 3.0 0.2 0.3
Slovakia 43 44 29 23 22 26 5.8 6.9 0.8 0.5
Slovenia 61 74 27 16 8.7 8.2 3.2 1.7 1.5 0.7
Spain 41 48 40 31 16 17 2.7 3.8 1.2 0.8
Sweden 56 69 32 21 9.2 7.7 2.9 1.9 1.9 1.2
Ukraine 40 50 28 23 26 24 6.0 3.1 2.1 1.1
AVERAGE 53 64 27 19 15 13 4.4 3.9 1.8 1.1
E-cigarette
Question OC01
Table 10a. Reason why e-cigarette has been tried. 2019 (percentages)
To stop smoking
Bulgaria - - - - - -
Croatia - - - - - -
Czechia - - - - - -
Denmark - - - - - -
Estonia - - - - - -
France - - - - - -
Hungary - - - - - -
Iceland - - - - - -
Kosovo - - - - - -
Malta - - - - - -
Monaco - - - - - -
Montenegro - - - - - -
North Macedonia - - - - - -
Sweden - - - - - -
Ukraine - - - - - -
E-cigarette
Question OC01
Table 10b. Reason why e-cigarette has been tried by gender. 2019 (percentages)
offered to me Other No response
Austria 55 67 1.3 0.2 34 25 18 16 5.2 3.3 0.1 0.1
Bulgaria - - - - - - - - - - - -
Croatia - - - - - - - - - - - -
Cyprus 45 61 4.3 1.3 38 27 9.2 4.6 10.5 9.0 0.4 0.1
Czechia - - - - - - - - - - - -
Denmark - - - - - - - - - - - -
Estonia - - - - - - - - - - - -
Faroes 49 73 1.2 0.0 35 17 13 8.8 6.8 3.5 0.0 0.0
Finland 58 77 1.4 0.7 37 22 14 9.5 2.7 2.2 0.0 0.0
France - - - - - - - - - - - -
Georgia 61 78 2.4 1.9 30 19 4.8 3.7 8.2 4.5 0.6 0.4
Germany 54 67 2.1 1.4 35 25 17 11 6.4 3.9 0.4 0.3
Greece 58 72 1.7 0.9 34 23 7.5 4.7 5.1 3.9 0.0 0.1
Hungary - - - - - - - - - - - -
Iceland - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ireland 58 70 3.0 1.2 29 21 12 10 4.9 2.5 0.2 0.0
Italy 49 64 3.2 2.9 47 30 7.3 8.9 3.2 2.1 0.5 0.2
Kosovo - - - - - - - - - - - -
Latvia 43 57 2.5 2.3 43 32 12 11 7.0 5.0 0.8 0.2
Lithuania 35 40 3.6 2.7 48 43 17 21 7.2 6.0 0.1 0.0
Malta - - - - - - - - - - - -
Monaco - - - - - - - - - - - -
Montenegro - - - - - - - - - - - -
Netherlands 65 74 0.6 0.3 30 24 8.1 5.4 4.5 2.5 0.0 0.0
North Macedonia - - - - - - - - - - - -
Norway - - - - - - - - - - - -
Poland - - - - - - - - - - - -
Portugal - - - - - - - - - - - -
Romania 65 72 3.3 1.3 38 30 4.6 4.6 3.4 3.5 0.4 0.2
Serbia 81 86 1.2 1.3 19 14 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.3 0.2 0.2
Slovakia 48 50 3.7 2.4 35 33 14 17 6.1 4.7 0.1 0.1
Slovenia 62 76 0.8 0.7 31 20 5.2 5.0 5.7 2.5 0.2 0.0
Spain 55 62 1.1 0.5 35 28 12 12 3.7 2.9 0.1 0.1
Sweden - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ukraine - - - - - - - - - - - -
AVERAGE 55 67 2.2 1.3 35 25 10.5 9.2 5.6 3.8 0.2 0.1
E-cigarette
Question OC02
Austria 60 17 34 6.6 0.1
Bulgaria - - - - -
Croatia - - - - -
Czechia - - - - -
Denmark - - - - -
Estonia - - - - -
France - - - - -
Georgia - - - - -
Hungary - - - - -
Iceland - - - - -
Kosovo - - - - -
Latvia - - - - -
Malta - - - - -
Monaco - - - - -
Montenegro - - - - -
Netherlands - - - - -
Sweden - - - - -
Ukraine - - - - -
E-cigarette
Question OC02
Table 11b. Contents of the first e-cigarette by gender. 2019 (percentages)
Austria 54 66 18 15 39 28 6.2 6.9 0.1 0.1
Bulgaria - - - - - - - - - -
Croatia - - - - - - - - - -
Cyprus 43 61 11 11 45 27 8.6 7.3 0.0 0.1
Czechia - - - - - - - - - -
Denmark - - - - - - - - - -
Estonia - - - - - - - - - -
Faroes 48 73 8.0 4.6 49 22 3.2 3.5 0.0 0.0
Finland 57 75 19 13 41 24 2.7 1.9 0.1 0.1
France - - - - - - - - - -
Georgia - - - - - - - - - -
Germany 51 65 10 10 39 26 7.1 7.0 0.4 0.0
Greece 58 72 7.1 7.4 38 22 4.1 4.0 0.1 0.1
Hungary - - - - - - - - - -
Iceland - - - - - - - - - -
Ireland 57 69 12 6.8 35 25 4.8 3.6 0.2 0.0
Italy 48 64 7.5 8.8 50 33 4.9 4.9 0.6 0.2
Kosovo - - - - - - - - - -
Latvia - - - - - - - - - -
Lithuania 33 38 22 18 36 37 19 16 0.1 0.1
Malta - - - - - - - - - -
Monaco - - - - - - - - - -
Montenegro - - - - - - - - - -
Netherlands - - - - - - - - - -
Norway - - - - - - - - - -
Poland - - - - - - - - - -
Portugal - - - - - - - - - -
Romania - - - - - - - - - -
Serbia 81 85 4.4 3.4 19 12 4.0 4.6 0.2 0.2
Slovakia 47 49 7.6 8.7 46 41 5.2 6.3 0.0 0.3
Slovenia 62 76 6.2 5.8 33 20 5.6 3.5 0.4 0.0
Spain 54 62 5.3 5.6 43 34 2.6 3.1 0.1 0.1
Sweden - - - - - - - - - -
Ukraine - - - - - - - - - -
AVERAGE 53 66 11 9.1 39 27 6.0 5.6 0.2 0.1
E-cigarette
Question C13a
Table 12a. Prevalence of water pipe (shisha) use. 2019 (percentages)
Iceland - - - - - 0.0
North Macedonia 15 27 8.5 65 35 1.1
Norway 3.1 8.0 9.1 85 15 4.2
Poland 2.9 7.7 5.1 87 13 0.3
Portugal 4.0 10 14 87 13 0.3
Romania 8.7 19 4.9 76 24 0.3
Serbia 11 22 7.5 71 29 0.8
Slovakia 8.2 25 13 62 38 0.0
Slovenia 6.4 16 6.9 77 23 0.4
Spain 13 32 9.4 59 41 0.5
Sweden 2.8 9.0 6.5 85 15 0.5
Ukraine 10 22 10 68 32 0.4
AVERAGE 8.9 19 8.4 73 27 0.6
E-cigarette
Question C13a
Table 12b. Prevalence of water pipe (shisha) use by gender. 2019 (percentages)
Austria - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bulgaria 19 18 37 40 15 17 47 42 53 58 0.4 0.6
Croatia 3.5 0.9 7.7 4.8 3.4 2.0 89 93 11 7 0.8 1.0
Cyprus 23 19 40 37 11 7 49 57 51 43 0.9 0.0
Czechia 9.2 8.1 26 24 12 10 62 65 38 35 1.0 0.8
Denmark 7.6 5.0 21 15 6.3 6.4 72 79 28 21 0.4 0.2
Estonia 6.8 7.6 18 18 10 8.1 72 74 28 26 0.5 0.2
Faroes 3.2 1.2 8.8 7.4 14 4.3 77 88 23 12 0.0 1.2
Finland 0.3 0.3 3.2 2.9 5.2 3.3 92 94 8 6 1.7 1.1
France 14 8.1 28 18 7.3 6.8 64 75 36 25 0.8 0.7
Georgia 7.1 3.6 18 9.2 14 8.4 68 82 32 18 1.3 1.4
Germany 26 17 43 34 8.0 7.7 50 59 50 41 0.6 0.4
Greece 8.4 4.6 18 13 6.4 3.7 75 84 25 16 0.3 0.2
Hungary 10 8.4 26 21 11 11 63 68 37 32 0.0 0.2
Iceland - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ireland 1.7 1.0 4.9 3.7 2.9 1.4 92 95 8 5 1.5 0.7
Italy 3.8 2.8 8.7 6.3 3.9 3.6 88 90 12 10 1.0 0.3
Kosovo 25 10 39 21 9.1 6.8 52 72 48 28 1.0 1.7
Latvia 4.0 2.7 13 11 17 14 70 75 30 25 0.7 0.3
Lithuania 3.5 2.0 10 10 16 15 74 75 26 25 0.1 0.2
Malta 7.5 8.5 13 19 3.7 6.0 84 75 16 25 0.1 0.1
Monaco 32 19 39 35 8.3 7.3 53 59 47 41 1.0 0.0
Montenegro 25 17 39 28 9.3 6.1 52 66 48 34 0.2 0.2
Netherlands 11 5.4 21 16 7.0 7.3 71 77 29 23 0.0 0.0
North Macedonia 20 10 33 21 9.2 7.9 58 72 42 28 0.7 1.5
Norway 3.8 2.5 11 5.5 11 7.0 81 89 19 11 4.8 3.6
Poland 4.6 1.4 9.4 6.1 5.6 4.7 85 89 15 11 0.3 0.2
Portugal 5.1 3.1 11 8.7 15 12 85 88 15 12 0.4 0.2
Romania 11 6.0 21 16 5.4 4.4 73 79 27 21 0.3 0.4
Serbia 11 11 23 21 8.0 7.0 69 73 31 28 0.8 0.8
Slovakia 7.4 9.1 23 27 14 12 64 61 36 39 0.0 0.0
Slovenia 6.8 5.9 19 14 7.1 6.6 74 80 26 20 0.6 0.2
Spain 13 13 31 33 8.8 10 61 57 39 43 0.6 0.3
Sweden 3.0 2.5 9.2 8.7 7.2 5.7 84 86 16 14 0.6 0.5
Ukraine 9.4 10 19 25 10 10 71 65 29 35 0.4 0.3
AVERAGE 11 7.4 21 18 9.2 7.6 70 75 30 25 0.7 0.6
E-cigarette
Question OC13b
Table 13a. Prevalence of moist snuff (snus) use. 2019 (percentages)
Croatia - - - - - -
Cyprus - - - - - -
Denmark - - - - - -
Faroes - - - - - -
Georgia - - - - - -
Greece - - - - - -
Hungary - - - - - -
Italy - - - - - -
Lithuania - - - - - -
Malta - - - - - -
Monaco - - - - - -
Netherlands - - - - - -
Norway - - - - - -
Poland - - - - - -
Portugal - - - - - -
Serbia - - - - - -
Spain - - - - - -
Sweden - - - - - -
E-cigarette
Question OC13b
Table 13b. Prevalence of moist snuff (snus) use by gender. 2019 (percentages)
Austria - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bulgaria 1.1 0.9 3.0 2.5 2.6 1.1 94 96 5.6 3.6 4.2 5.5
Croatia - - - - - - - - - - - -
Cyprus - - - - - - - - - - - -
Czechia 10 5.9 22 13 4.4 2.5 74 84 26 16 1.5 0.9
Denmark - - - - - - - - - - - -
Estonia 17 9.2 26 16 6.2 4.3 68 80 32 20 0.2 0.3
Faroes - - - - - - - - - - - -
Finland 11 8.9 28 15 7.6 3.9 65 81 35 19 0.4 0.6
France 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.5 98 99 1.6 1.3 2.8 1.6
Georgia - - - - - - - - - - - -
Germany 13 4.2 24 9.6 3.0 1.9 74 89 26 11 2.8 2.6
Greece - - - - - - - - - - - -
Hungary - - - - - - - - - - - -
Iceland 3.3 2.2 6.7 6.1 2.6 2.9 91 91 9.3 9.0 0.6 0.2
Ireland 0.9 0.7 2.5 1.6 1.0 0.5 96 98 3.5 2.1 3.4 2.0
Italy - - - - - - - - - - - -
Kosovo 3.2 0.9 4.4 1.2 1.2 0.2 94 99 5.6 1.4 4.8 4.3
Latvia 9.6 5.9 20 15 8.0 5.3 72 79 28 21 0.9 0.6
Lithuania - - - - - - - - - - - -
Malta - - - - - - - - - - - -
Monaco - - - - - - - - - - - -
Montenegro 1.7 0.8 2.5 1.3 0.7 0.6 97 98 3.2 1.8 0.2 0.2
Netherlands - - - - - - - - - - - -
North Macedonia 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.2 0.4 0.4 98 98 1.9 1.5 3.4 2.7
Norway - - - - - - - - - - - -
Poland - - - - - - - - - - - -
Portugal - - - - - - - - - - - -
Romania 2.7 2.4 4.4 3.3 1.2 0.2 91 93 9.4 6.9 0.3 0.4
Serbia - - - - - - - - - - - -
Slovakia 7.4 4.6 14 11 4.8 3.3 81 86 19 14 0.0 0.0
Slovenia 3.1 1.8 5.7 3.2 0.9 1.0 93 96 6.6 4.2 1.9 0.6
Spain - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sweden - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ukraine 1.3 0.4 2.9 1.3 2.0 1.0 95 98 5.0 2.4 3.2 2.6
AVERAGE 5.5 3.1 10.5 6.4 3.0 1.8 86 92 14 8 1.9 1.6
E-cigarette
Question OC13c
Table 14a. Prevalence of heat-not-burn tobacco use. 2019 (percentages)
Croatia - - - - - -
Estonia - - - - - -
Faroes - - - - - -
Finland - - - - - -
Hungary - - - - - -
Iceland - - - - - -
Latvia - - - - - -
Malta - - - - - -
Monaco - - - - - -
North Macedonia 1.3 1.7 0.8 98 2.4 3.2
Norway - - - - - -
Poland - - - - - -
Spain - - - - - -
Sweden - - - - - -
E-cigarette
Question OC13c
Table 14b. Prevalence of heat-not-burn tobacco use by gender. 2019 (percentages)
Austria - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bulgaria 10 15 18 24 2.7 2.6 79 73 21 27 3.0 2.8
Croatia - - - - - - - - - - - -
Cyprus 4.6 2.3 8.0 4.7 2.2 1.1 90 94 10 5.8 6.6 4.0
Czechia 6.2 6.3 11 11 1.2 1.9 88 87 12 13 1.6 1.3
Denmark 2.8 1.5 4.3 3.2 0.5 0.8 95 96 4.9 4.0 0.8 0.5
Estonia - - - - - - - - - - - -
Faroes - - - - - - - - - - - -
Finland - - - - - - - - - - - -
France 3.1 2.0 5.0 3.4 1.1 0.9 94 96 6.1 4.3 3.9 1.6
Georgia 3.3 2.5 5.2 2.9 3.4 1.2 92 96 8.4 4.0 2.2 1.7
Germany 1.6 1.0 2.9 2.4 0.4 0.6 97 97 3.5 2.9 3.3 2.7
Greece 2.3 1.5 5.0 3.6 2.6 1.7 92 95 7.6 5.3 1.8 1.3
Hungary - - - - - - - - - - - -
Iceland - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ireland 1.3 0.9 2.7 2.2 1.2 0.4 96 97 3.9 2.7 4.2 2.1
Italy 6.6 5.8 11 8.8 1.9 1.3 87 90 13 10 1.5 1.2
Kosovo 6.8 2.2 13 4.8 9.1 3.0 78 92 22 7.8 4.3 4.3
Latvia - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lithuania 4.5 4.4 7.8 8.2 2.9 1.7 89 90 11 10 2.0 1.7
Malta - - - - - - - - - - - -
Monaco - - - - - - - - - - - -
Montenegro 1.7 1.4 3.0 2.0 0.9 0.5 96 98 3.9 2.4 0.2 0.2
Netherlands 4.5 1.9 7.3 4.0 1.4 1.7 91 94 8.6 5.6 0.0 0.0
North Macedonia 1.9 0.8 2.5 0.9 1.0 0.5 97 99 3.5 1.4 3.4 3.1
Norway - - - - - - - - - - - -
Poland - - - - - - - - - - - -
Portugal 2.4 2.3 4.2 3.8 5.1 5.2 95 95 5.0 5.0 1.2 0.6
Romania 4.6 3.5 7.3 5.4 1.9 0.5 88 91 12 9.0 0.3 0.4
Serbia 3.6 2.8 5.3 4.8 2.2 1.9 93 94 7.0 6.2 2.9 3.2
Slovakia 4.5 4.0 7.3 7.2 2.9 2.2 90 91 10 9.4 1.2 1.5
Slovenia 1.6 1.3 3.2 2.2 0.6 1.1 96 97 3.8 3.2 2.2 0.6
Spain - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sweden - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ukraine 1.9 2.1 3.3 3.2 1.7 0.7 95 96 4.9 3.9 3.1 2.9
AVERAGE 3.8 3.1 6.5 5.4 2.2 1.5 91 93 9 7 2.4 1.8
Alcohol
Alcohol
Beer Cider Premixed
drinks Wine Spirits
Bulgaria 76 80 59 63 53 86 0.3
Croatia 78 54 52 75 60 87 0.1
Cyprus 80 - 73 74 65 87 0.3
Czechia 81 70 54 68 54 88 0.3
Denmark 91 92 90 74 69 95 0.0
Estonia 61 64 54 59 49 72 0.0
Faroes 61 69 51 45 47 74 0.6
Finland 67 67 66 50 45 73 0.3
France 62 52 38 42 42 71 1.2
Georgia 71 - - 69 54 79 0.6
Germany 90 - 67 82 60 93 0.3
Greece 85 - 65 78 62 91 0.1
Hungary 76 70 55 71 59 84 0.1
Iceland 55 36 47 46 42 62 0.2
Ireland 71 68 56 56 59 79 0.3
Italy 77 - 63 68 51 83 0.0
Kosovo 28 17 19 26 14 38 2.1
Latvia 70 67 54 60 49 78 0.2
Lithuania 53 53 - 50 41 61 0.0
Malta 75 59 67 72 60 85 0.2
Monaco 67 47 48 53 40 77 0.9
Montenegro 73 60 54 66 53 79 0.4
Netherlands 73 65 56 68 58 79 0.0
North Macedonia 65 - 50 57 49 69 1.2
Norway 71 67 59 56 52 75 0.3
Poland 77 - - 66 59 79 0.3
Portugal 72 - - 58 54 77 0.2
Romania 54 - 33 48 36 63 0.1
Serbia 79 - - 74 62 82 0.8
Slovakia 82 66 47 73 55 88 0.1
Slovenia 75 - 66 69 55 82 0.1
Spain 77 51 - 61 69 84 0.3
Sweden 71 72 65 59 64 79 0.2
Ukraine 51 49 59 48 27 69 0.0
AVERAGE 71 61 56 62 52 78 0.3
Alcohol
Question OC14
Table 15b. Perceived availability of various alcoholic beverages by gender. Percentages responding ‘fairly easy’ or ‘very easy’ to obtain. 2019
Beer Cider Premixed drinks Wine Spirits Any of these beverages
No response, all beverages
Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls
Austria 83 85 - - 63 66 76 83 57 61 85 88 0.0 0.1
Bulgaria 76 77 78 82 58 61 59 68 52 55 84 87 0.4 0.3
Croatia 77 79 53 54 50 55 73 77 59 62 85 89 0.1 0.1
Cyprus 78 81 - - 66 79 73 74 64 65 86 88 0.0 0.6
Czechia 80 82 67 73 52 57 64 72 54 54 87 89 0.5 0.1
Denmark 93 90 93 91 91 89 76 72 72 67 95 94 0.0 0.0
Estonia 61 62 60 67 52 57 54 63 47 50 69 76 0.1 0.0
Faroes 60 61 67 71 49 52 44 46 48 47 72 76 0.8 0.4
Finland 68 66 67 67 66 66 47 53 46 45 72 74 0.3 0.3
France 62 61 54 51 41 35 43 40 44 41 70 71 1.2 1.3
Georgia 71 72 - - - - 69 70 55 54 79 79 0.6 0.5
Germany 90 91 - - 63 71 76 88 58 62 92 94 0.6 0.0
Greece 86 84 - - 67 63 77 80 64 61 91 91 0.1 0.0
Hungary 77 75 68 71 55 54 71 72 61 58 84 84 0.3 0.0
Iceland 52 57 35 37 43 50 41 49 39 44 58 65 0.2 0.2
Ireland 70 72 66 70 52 60 53 59 56 61 77 81 0.4 0.1
Italy 76 78 - - 61 65 66 71 51 51 81 85 0.0 0.0
Kosovo 34 24 20 15 23 15 31 22 18 9.7 45 33 2.2 2.0
Latvia 68 72 64 71 50 58 57 63 50 48 76 80 0.3 0.1
Lithuania 49 57 48 58 - - 44 55 39 43 55 66 0.1 0.0
Malta 75 75 58 60 62 72 68 77 57 63 82 88 0.3 0.2
Monaco 64 70 47 47 43 53 51 54 42 38 73 82 0.5 1.4
Montenegro 74 71 61 60 56 51 66 65 55 51 79 79 0.7 0.2
Netherlands 75 72 60 69 55 58 64 71 58 59 79 79 0.0 0.0
North Macedonia
66 64 - - 50 50 56 58 50 47 69 69 0.6 1.8
Norway 69 73 65 70 55 62 53 58 49 54 73 78 0.5 0.2
Poland 74 79 - - - - 64 68 59 59 77 81 0.4 0.2
Portugal 70 73 - - - - 54 61 49 58 75 80 0.3 0.1
Romania 57 51 - - 36 29 51 45 39 34 66 60 0.1 0.2
Serbia 78 80 - - - - 70 77 63 62 80 84 0.6 0.9
Slovakia 81 84 64 67 45 49 69 77 55 56 86 90 0.2 0.0
Slovenia 75 74 - - 67 65 68 70 56 53 81 83 0.2 0.1
Spain 75 79 51 50 - - 61 61 65 72 82 86 0.4 0.2
Sweden 69 73 69 75 62 68 54 64 61 68 76 83 0.2 0.2
Ukraine 50 51 47 51 55 63 46 51 28 26 66 72 0.0 0.0
AVERAGE 70 71 59 62 55 58 60 64 52 53 77 79 0.4 0.3
Alcohol
Question C15a
Table 16a. Frequency of lifetime use of any alcoholic beverage. 2019 (percentages)
Number of occasions Once or
more No
Austria 16 9.3 20 15 15 25 84 1.6
Bulgaria 18 11 25 15 12 19 82 3.4
Croatia 10 12 24 16 14 25 90 3.0
Cyprus 17 11 23 16 15 19 83 2.4
Czechia 4.9 8.8 26 18 17 25 95 1.1
Denmark 7.8 5.8 17 14 17 39 92 0.2
Estonia 18 19 28 14 10 11 82 1.9
Faroes 20 18 29 8.9 9.1 15 80 1.4
Finland 32 17 26 12 7.4 6.6 69 1.3
France 20 12 21 15 12 21 81 1.1
Georgia 13 14 29 16 11 17 87 2.8
Germany 9.7 8.0 21 16 15 30 90 1.2
Greece 11 14 26 18 15 17 89 0.5
Hungary 9.1 11 27 18 16 19 91 2.2
Iceland 63 16 14 4.0 1.5 2.2 37 1.0
Ireland 28 18 25 13 7.5 9.3 73 3.4
Italy 16 9.5 23 18 15 19 84 2.2
Kosovo 71 10 9.4 3.9 2.1 3.0 29 4.0
Latvia 11 15 30 17 11 16 89 1.7
Lithuania 21 22 32 13 7.7 5.6 79 0.4
Malta 18 14 26 14 11 17 82 1.6
Monaco 11 13 29 18 16 14 89 1.4
Montenegro 23 18 23 12 8.0 15 77 0.9
Netherlands 28 11 18 13 11 19 72 0.1
North Macedonia 33 12 19 12 8.5 15 67 2.3
Norway 47 15 21 9.1 3.9 4.5 53 0.8
Poland 19 16 26 14 9.8 15 81 1.1
Portugal 23 14 27 16 9.7 11 77 0.7
Romania 18 17 27 14 9.0 15 82 1.8
Serbia 13 12 24 15 12 24 87 1.6
Slovakia 9.5 13 27 16 13 21 91 1.4
Slovenia 16 12 26 15 13 18 84 2.3
Spain 22 14 24 15 11 13 78 2.2
Sweden 42 18 21 8.4 5.1 4.6 58 1.1
Ukraine 15 15 26 16 12 16 85 2.9
AVERAGE 21 14 24 14 11 16 79 1.7
Alcohol
Question C15a
Table 16b. Frequency of lifetime use of any alcoholic beverage by gender. 2019 (percentages)
No response 0 1-2 3-9 10-19 20-39 40+
Austria 18 14 9.1 9.5 19 21 14 15 15 16 25 24 82 86 1.6 1.7
Bulgaria 18 18 10 12 22 28 15 15 12 13 23 14 82 82 2.8 4.0
Croatia 9.7 11 10 14 21 26 15 17 14 13 31 20 90 90 3.5 2.5
Cyprus 17 18 7.9 13 19 27 15 18 16 14 27 12 84 83 2.1 2.6
Czechia 5.7 4.0 9.1 8.4 23 30 16 20 17 17 28 22 94 96 0.8 1.4
Denmark 6.7 8.8 6.6 5.1 16 17 13 16 15 18 42 35 93 91 0.3 0.2
Estonia 18 17 21 17 27 30 13 15 9.4 11 11 11 82 83 1.9 2.0
Faroes 18 22 20 16 25 33 9.0 8.9 8.6 9.7 19 10 82 78 2.4 0.4
Finland 31 32 18 16 26 26 12 12 7.1 7.8 7.0 6.2 69 68 1.3 1.2
France 20 19 10 14 17 24 15 14 11 14 26 16 80 81 1.1 1.2
Georgia 10 15 11 17 27 31 17 15 12 11 22 12 90 85 2.2 3.4
Germany 9.7 9.8 9.5 6.5 21 21 13 19 14 17 33 27 90 90 2.0 0.5
Greece 10 12 12 15 25 27 19 18 14 15 21 13 90 88 0.4 0.6
Hungary 8.7 9.5 9.6 12 22 31 19 18 15 17 25 13 91 90 2.4 2.0
Iceland 63 63 17 15 13 14 4.2 3.9 1.1 1.9 2.0 2.4 37 37 0.8 1.2
Ireland 27 28 17 19 25 25 12 14 7.4 7.7 12 7.1 73 72 3.3 3.5
Italy 15 17 8.2 11 21 25 16 21 16 14 24 13 86 83 2.3 2.0
Kosovo 59 82 12 9.2 14 5.6 7.5 0.8 2.6 1.7 5.9 0.6 42 18 4.3 3.8
Latvia 13 8.9 15 14 30 31 16 17 9.5 13 15 16 87 91 1.7 1.6
Lithuania 25 17 23 21 29 35 11 14 6.6 8.8 5.7 5.6 75 83 0.3 0.4
Malta 19 18 13 14 26 26 14 14 8.9 13 19 16 81 83 1.2 2.1
Monaco 15 7.9 13 13 23 34 16 19 17 16 17 11 85 92 1.0 1.8
Montenegro 20 26 15 21 22 25 12 13 8.9 7.1 22 8.5 80 74 1.2 0.7
Netherlands 30 25 9.7 12 17 19 12 15 10 12 21 17 70 75 0.2 0.0
North Macedonia 31 36 11 13 18 20 11 12 9.2 7.9 20 11 69 64 2.4 2.3
Norway 48 46 16 14 18 23 9.4 8.8 3.7 4.1 5.0 4.0 52 54 0.8 0.8
Poland 20 18 17 16 26 26 12 16 8.5 11 17 13 80 82 1.2 1.0
Portugal 23 23 12 15 25 29 16 15 9.8 9.6 14 8.4 77 77 0.8 0.6
Romania 14 22 14 21 24 30 15 12 11 7.1 22 8.8 86 79 1.8 1.8
Serbia 13 12 10 13 20 28 13 17 12 13 32 17 87 88 1.9 1.2
Slovakia 11 8.0 13 13 26 27 15 18 11 15 23 20 89 92 1.7 1.0
Slovenia 14 18 11 13 25 27 13 16 13 13 24 13 86 82 3.0 1.8
Spain 25 19 15 13 24 24 13 17 9.5 13 14 13 75 81 1.5 2.8
Sweden 43 42 19 17 20 23 7.4 9.5 5.1 5.2 5.2 4.1 57 58 1.1 1.2
Ukraine 19 11 16 14 24 28 16 16 9.4 13 15 17 81 89 3.1 2.8
AVERAGE 21 22 13 14 22 26 13 15 11 11 19 13 79 78 1.7 1.7
Alcohol
Question C15b
Table 17a. Frequency of use of any alcoholic beverage during the last 12 months. 2019 (percentages)
No re- sponse0 1-2 3-5 6-9 10-19 20+
Austria 21 14 12 12 15 25 79 2.1
Bulgaria 24 21 15 13 13 14 76 2.5
Croatia 20 19 14 14 15 19 80 3.7
Cyprus 24 16 16 15 13 17 76 2.6
Czechia 13 20 17 15 16 18 87 1.1
Denmark 11 9.6 9.7 10 17 42 89 1.8
Estonia 34 23 15 11 9.4 8.0 66 2.3
Faroes 34 20 13 11 9.1 13 66 1.2
Finland 40 22 13 10 8.1 6.3 60 1.3
France 29 15 14 12 13 17 71 2.0
Georgia 24 28 17 13 10 7.4 76 3.4
Germany 14 13 15 12 16 31 86 0.8
Greece 18 20 16 15 17 14 82 0.4
Hungary 17 20 19 15 17 13 83 2.6
Iceland 74 13 5.7 3.2 2.5 1.7 26 1.2
Ireland 35 21 14 12 10 8.9 65 3.1
Italy 22 17 15 14 15 17 78 2.4
Kosovo 75 13 5.4 3.1 2.0 1.5 25 2.3
Latvia 25 23 17 13 12 10 75 3.0
Lithuania 38 30 15 8.3 6.0 2.9 62 1.3
Malta 27 20 15 12 11 15 73 1.9
Monaco 21 23 15 17 14 11 79 1.6
Montenegro 39 21 12 8.7 8.6 11 61 1.5
Netherlands 34 13 11 11 14 19 66 0.1
North Macedonia 42 16 12 8.6 10 12 58 2.6
Norway 56 17 10 7.1 6.0 4.0 44 1.9
Poland 31 21 14 11 11 12 69 1.8
Portugal 31 20 15 13 11 9.5 69 1.3
Romania 26 24 16 13 9.9 11 74 2.9
Serbia 23 17 15 12 14 19 77 2.9
Slovakia 20 21 16 13 14 16 80 1.9
Slovenia 24 20 16 13 12 15 76 2.6
Spain 29 20 14 12 13 13 72 2.2
Sweden 53 19 12 6.8 5.8 4.0 47 2.5
Ukraine 26 23 17 12 11 11 74 2.9
AVERAGE 31 19 14 11 11 13 69 2.0
Alcohol
Question C15b
Table 17b. Frequency of use of any alcoholic beverage during the last 12 months by gender. 2019 (percentages)
No re- sponse0 1-2 3-5 6-9 10-19 20+
Austria 23 19 14 15 11 13 12 12 14 16 25 26 77 81 2.6 1.6
Bulgaria 24 23 18 25 15 15 13 13 14 12 17 11 76 77 2.8 2.1
Croatia 19 21 17 21 13 16 13 15 15 15 24 13 81 79 4.2 3.1
Cyprus 20 27 12 19 15 16 15 15 16 11 23 13 80 74 2.6 2.5
Czechia 14 12 19 21 16 18 14 17 16 17 21 16 86 89 1.3 0.9
Denmark 10 11 10 8.9 9.3 10 11 9.9 16 19 43 41 90 89 2.7 0.9
Estonia 39 30 22 24 13 16 11 11 8.8 9.9 7.0 8.9 61 70 2.8 1.9
Faroes 37 31 17 23 11 16 11 10 9.3 8.9 15 11 63 69 2.0 0.4
Finland 40 40 24 21 13 13 9.5 11 7.6 8.6 6.0 6.5 60 60 1.6 1.1
France 29 28 13 18 13 15 11 13 12 15 22 12 71 72 2.2 1.8
Georgia 21 27 23 32 17 18 14 11 13 8.2 11 4.2 79 73 3.5 3.4
Germany 16 13 13 13 13 16 10 14 15 17 34 28 84 87 1.3 0.4
Greece 17 19 19 22 16 17 15 15 17 16 17 12 83 81 0.4 0.3
Hungary 16 17 17 23 17 21 15 15 18 15 17 9.9 84 83 2.9 2.4
Iceland 77 71 13 14 4.4 6.9 2.5 4.0 2.4 2.6 1.6 1.7 23 29 1.7 0.7
Ireland 35 35 20 22 13 14 11 12 11 10 11 6.9 65 65 2.8 3.5
Italy 20 24 15 20 13 16 14 15 15 14 22 12 80 76 3.1 1.7
Kosovo 64 85 17 9.4 7.5 3.6 4.7 1.8 3.8 0.5 3.0 0.1 36 15 2.8 1.9
Latvia 30 20 23 24 17 17 12 14 10 13 8.2 12 70 80 3.3 2.6
Lithuania 43 34 28 32 13 16 7.4 9.2 5.2 6.7 2.8 3.0 57 66 1.3 1.3
Malta 28 26 20 20 15 16 10 13 11 11 16 15 72 74 1.5 2.3
Monaco 27 16 20 25 11 18 13 21 14 13 15 7.3 73 84 2.4 0.9
Montenegro 34 44 20 22 11 13 9.1 8.4 10 7.1 16 6.4 66 56 1.8 1.2
Netherlands 36 31 12 14 9.2 12 9.2 12 13 14 21 17 64 69 0.0 0.2
North Macedonia 38 45 15 16 12 12 8.8 8.4 11 9.2 15 9.0 62 55 3.0 2.2
Norway 59 53 16 17 8.7 12 6.4 7.7 5.4 6.5 4.6 3.4 41 47 2.4 1.5
Poland 33 29 21 21 13 15 10 12 11 11 13 12 67 71 2.0 1.5
Portugal 31 31 18 22 15 16 13 13 12 10 12 7.6 69 69 1.5 1.1
Romania 21 31 20 28 16 16 14 11 12 7.5 16 6.5 79 70 3.4 2.5
Serbia 23 23 14 20 13 16 10 14 15 13 25 14 77 77 3.2 2.6
Slovakia 23 18 21 21 16 17 12 14 13 14 16 16 78 82 2.0 1.9
Slovenia 23 26 18 22 15 17 11 15 14 10 19 11 78 74 3.5 1.8
Spain 32 26 20 19 13 15 11 14 11 15 13 13 68 75 2.0 2.4
Sweden 56 50 18 19 11 13 6.2 7.5 5.2 6.4 4.0 4.0 44 50 1.8 3.2
Ukraine 32 20 23 23 15 19 11 13 9.4 13 11 12 68 80 3.3 2.4
AVERAGE 31 30 18 20 13 15 11 12 12 11 16 11 69 70 2.3 1.8
Alcohol
Question C15c
Table 18a. Frequency of use of any alcoholic beverage during the last 30 days. 2019 (percentages)
No re- sponse0 1-2 3-5 6-9 10-19 20+
Austria 37 24 16 11 7.5 5.2 63 1.8
Bulgaria 47 24 13 8.0 5.0 3.4 53 2.8
Croatia 43 25 14 8.6 6.0 4.4 58 2.3
Cyprus 43 23 14 7.8 7.7 5.0 57 3.2
Czechia 37 32 16 8.6 4.5 1.9 63 0.9
Denmark 26 25 21 13 9.8 5.4 74 1.2
Estonia 63 24 7.8 3.3 1.7 0.6 38 1.7
Faroes 62 23 8.5 3.4 1.8 1.6 39 1.2
Finland 70 21 5.9 1.6 0.9 0.6 30 0.9
France 47 22 12 8.7 6.2 3.4 53 1.4
Georgia 53 28 9.4 5.0 2.8 2.1 47 2.4
Germany 35 23 16 11 10 5.8 66 0.9
Greece 38 30 15 9.1 5.0 2.3 62 0.6
Hungary 39 32 15 8.2 4.9 1.7 62 1.5
Iceland 89 7.6 2.0 0.9 0.5 0.2 11 0.4
Ireland 59 23 9.5 4.1 2.5 1.2 41 1.9
Italy 41 24 15 9.5 6.8 4.4 59 2.2
Kosovo 90 5.6 2.1 0.8 1.1 0.9 11 3.1
Latvia 53 30 11 3.8 1.7 1.2 47 1.7
Lithuania 73 19 4.8 1.9 0.7 0.6 27 0.7
Malta 52 21 11 6.5 5.5 4.0 48 1.4
Monaco 47 26 15 7.5 3.5 1.7 54 0.9
Montenegro 62 18 7.9 5.0 3.9 3.4 38 1.1
Netherlands 49 20 16 7.7 4.5 3.6 51 0.1
North Macedonia 59 18 10 5.6 4.8 2.5 41 2.0
Norway 75 16 5.4 2.1 0.9 0.6 25 1.5
Poland 53 23 11 6.9 3.8 1.8 47 1.0
Portugal 57 21 11 5.9 3.5 1.7 43 1.6
Romania 48 28 12 6.5 3.3 2.8 52 2.4
Serbia 44 23 14 7.4 6.4 4.8 56 2.2
Slovakia 46 25 14 7.6 4.6 3.1 54 1.7
Slovenia 51 24 12 6.3 4.3 3.1 50 1.5
Spain 53 24 11 6.1 3.7 1.7 47 1.7
Sweden 75 18 4.3 1.8 0.6 0.3 25 2.0
Ukraine 56 23 11 5.4 3.0 1.6 44 2.1
AVERAGE 53 23 11 6.2 4.1 2.5 47 1.6
Alcohol
Question C15c
Table 18b. Frequency of use of any alcoholic beverage during the last 30 days by gender. 2019 (percentages)
No response 0 1-2 3-5 6-9 10-19 20+
Austria 40 35 22 26 15 16 11 11 7.0 8.1 6.0 4.3 61 65 2.2 1.3
Bulgaria 43 50 22 25 14 12 9.7 6.4 6.4 3.7 4.5 2.3 57 50 2.7 3.0
Croatia 39 46 23 26 15 13 10 7.0 6.9 5.0 6.2 2.4 61 54 2.5 2.0
Cyprus 37 47 22 24 14 15 11 5.6 10 5.6 6.7 3.7 63 53 2.6 3.7
Czechia 37 37 29 34 16 16 9.1 8.1 5.5 3.5 2.6 1.1 63 63 1.3 0.5
Denmark 27 25 24 26 19 23 12 14 11 8.5 7.1 3.9 74 75 1.5 0.8
Estonia 66 60 22 26 7.2 8.3 3.0 3.5 1.5 1.9 0.7 0.5 34 40 2.2 1.2
Faroes 63 60 20 26 8.9 8.1 2.8 3.9 2.0 1.6 2.8 0.4 37 40 1.6 0.8
Finland 72 68 19 23 5.3 6.5 1.8 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.3 28 32 0.9 0.9
France 46 48 20 25 12 13 8.7 8.8 8.6 3.9 4.7 2.1 54 52 1.8 1.0
Georgia 47 59 27 28 12 7.3 6.3 3.9 4.1 1.6 3.3 1.0 53 42 2.9 2.0
Germany 37 32 18 27 13 19 12 9.0 12 9.0 8.0 3.7 63 68 1.1 0.7
Greece 38 38 28 33 16 15 10 7.9 5.9 4.2 2.8 1.7 62 62 0.5 0.6
Hungary 35 42 31 32 15 15 9.8 6.6 6.4 3.4 2.1 1.3 65 58 1.9 1.1
Iceland 91 87 5.9 9.3 2.0 1.9 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 9.4 13 0.6 0.3
Ireland 58 61 22 25 9.3 9.6 5.1 3.3 3.7 1.3 1.5 0.8 42 40 1.2 2.5
Italy 40 43 19 28 16 13 11 8.4 8.9 4.6 5.6 3.1 60 57 2.6 1.7
Kosovo 83 95 8.2 3.3 3.5 0.9 1.6 0.1 1.6 0.5 1.5 0.3 16 5.1 2.8 3.4
Latvia 58 47 26 33 9.5 13 3.3 4.3 2.1 1.4 1.5 0.9 42 53 1.8 1.7
Lithuania 76 70 16 22 4.5 5.1 1.9 1.9 0.3 1.0 0.7 0.5 24 30 1.0 0.4
Malta 53 51 20 23 10 12 6.9 6.1 5.2 5.8 4.9 3.1 47 50 1.5 1.4
Monaco 46 47 25 27 13 16 9.7 5.5 3.9 3.2 1.9 1.4 54 53 0.5 1.4
Montenegro 57 68 17 18 9.0 6.8 6.8 3.2 5.1 2.8 5.3 1.4 43 32 1.3 0.9
Netherlands 50 48 18 22 15 16 7.4 8.0 4.1 4.9 5.3 1.9 50 52 0.2 0.0
North Macedonia 54 63 19 18 11 9.2 6.2 5.1 6.4 3.3 3.4 1.6 46 37 2.6 1.4
Norway 77 73 14 18 5.4 5.4 1.7 2.5 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.2 23 27 1.9 1.1
Poland 55 51 21 26 12 11 6.2 7.6 4.4 3.2 2.2 1.5 45 49 1.2 0.8
Portugal 55 58 20 23 11 10 6.9 5.1 4.2 3.0 2.4 1.2 45 42 1.6 1.6
Romania 41 56 27 28 14 9.0 9.1 3.9 4.5 2.1 3.8 1.7 59 44 2.5 2.3
Serbia 41 47 20 26 15 13 8.3 6.6 7.8 5.0 7.4 2.4 59 53 2.4 1.9
Slovakia 50 42 24 26 12 16 7.5 7.7 4.3 4.9 3.0 3.2 50 58 2.0 1.5
Slovenia 46 54 23 25 12 12 8.6 4.2 5.6 3.1 4.8 1.5 54 46 1.9 1.0
Spain 57 50 21 27 11 12 5.7 6.5 4.5 3.0 1.7 1.7 44 50 1.6 1.9
Sweden 77 74 16 19 4.1 4.6 2.1 1.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.2 23 26 1.5 2.6
Ukraine 61 52 19 26 9.6 12 4.8 5.9 2.9 3.0 2.3 0.9 39 48 2.6 1.6
AVERAGE 53 54 21 24 11 11 6.8 5.6 4.9 3.4 3.4 1.7 47 46 1.7 1.5
Alcohol
Question C16a-e
Table 19a. Use of various alcoholic beverages during the last 30 days. 2019 (percentages)
Beer Cider Pre-
Austria 49 - 43 50 47 0.1 - 0.3 0.3 0.3
Bulgaria 47 35 25 43 42 0.5 2.0 1.3 1.3 0.5
Croatia 45 15 20 43 42 0.3 1.5 0.7 0.9 0.7
Cyprus 46 - 29 43 43 0.1 - 0.5 0.6 0.9
Czechia 49 28 22 42 44 0.2 0.4 1.0 0.6 0.2
Denmark 52 51 55 38 58 0.2 0.7 1.6 4.1 0.5
Estonia 20 27 16 27 28 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3
Faroes 28 38 29 18 35 0.2 0.2 1.4 1.0 0.4
Finland 21 18 24 14 22 0.3 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.5
France 46 22 19 24 40 0.6 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.7
Georgia 44 - - 44 27 1.0 - - 1.0 1.5
Germany 54 - 44 41 39 0.5 - 0.8 0.5 0.6
Greece 45 - 29 39 40 0.1 - 0.6 0.3 0.2
Hungary 43 32 17 47 50 0.4 0.6 1.3 0.7 0.4
Iceland 9 3.6 8.5 5.3 12 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3
Ireland 28 30 18 12 27 1.8 1.9 2.6 2.7 1.9
Italy 56 - 46 41 34 0.2 - 0.4 0.5 0.4
Kosovo 18 5.1 9.9 16 6.4 0.7 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3
Latvia 32 27 19 28 30 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3
Lithuania 20 16 - 21 21 0.2 0.1 - 0.2 0.0
Malta 33 16 31 40 40 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.4
Monaco 39 12 31 44 37 0.0 1.2 0.2 0.5 0.0
Montenegro 34 20 18 28 22 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5
Netherlands 43 22 34 28 40 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1
North Macedonia 39 - 22 30 29 0.9 - 1.5 1.3 1.3
Norway 15 17 13 6.9 18 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.2 1.7
Poland 48 6.9 5.2 24 32 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.4
Portugal 31 - 21 15 32 0.7 - 1.2 1.4 1.2
Romania 54 - 19 46 34 0.4 - 0.6 0.5 0.3
Serbia 52 - - 39 34 0.5 - - 0.7 0.7
Slovakia 52 12 17 46 36 0.5 1.2 1.2 0.5 0.8
Slovenia 36 - 30 35 40 0.2 - 0.8 1.3 0.3
Spain 28 8.4 - 15 49 0.3 0.6 - 0.6 0.3
Sweden 16 21 13 12 25 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.2 0.6
Ukraine 30 32 36 41 19 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.4
AVERAGE 37 21 25 31 34 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.6
Alcohol
Question C16a-e
Table 19b. Use of various alcoholic beverages during the last 30 days by gender. 2019 (percentages)
Beer Cider Premixed drinks Wine Spirits
Austria 56 42 - - 38 48 42 59 45 50
Bulgaria 56 38 36 34 27 23 39 48 45 39
Croatia 55 34 16 15 21 19 46 41 41 44
Cyprus 58 37 - - 29 29 48 40 50 37
Czechia 57 42 24 32 21 24 35 51 45 44
Denmark 61 44 44 57 51 60 36 40 57 59
Estonia 26 14 23 31 15 18 22 33 28 29
Faroes 38 19 38 39 28 30 21 15 34 36
Finland 27 15 13 24 21 27 11 16 21 23
France 48 45 24 21 22 17 27 21 39 41
Georgia 53 36 - - - - 47 41 28 26
Germany 61 47 - - 40 47 29 52 38 41
Greece 50 41 - - 30 29 36 41 42 39
Hungary 54 32 30 33 18 15 46 47 52 49
Iceland 9.6 9.2 3.4 3.7 5.6 11 4.8 5.8 10 13
Ireland 32 24 31 28 15 21 11 13 23 31
Italy 61 51 - - 44 48 45 38 37 31
Kosovo 25 11 6.5 4.0 14 6.8 19 13 11 2.8
Latvia 38 26 21 34 14 23 20 36 30 29
Lithuania 23 16 11 20 - - 13 29 21 20
Malta 40 25 17 15 28 35 37 42 39 41
Monaco 42 36 11 13 26 35 38 49 39 35
Montenegro 44 25 19 22 21 16 30 26 27 16
Netherlands 50 37 16 29 29 39 17 39 37 44
North Macedonia 48 31 - - 24 21 30 29 31 26
Norway 16 14 15 20 9.7 16 6.6 7.3 16 20
Poland 47 49 7.9 6.0 5.1 5.2 20 28 33 31
Portugal 35 27 - - 19 23 15 15 30 33
Romania 63 45 - - 24 14 50 43 39 28
Serbia 61 43 - - - - 36 43 39 28
Slovakia 57 47 13 11 14 19 36 55 36 37
Slovenia 45 28 - - 31 29 36 34 40 39
Spain 29 26 8.7 8.0 - - 15 16 44 55
Sweden 21 12 17 24 10 15 10 13 23 27
Ukraine 34 25 25 37 32 40 34 48 22 16
AVERAGE 43 31 20 23 23 26 29 33 34 33
Alcohol
Question C17
Table 20a. ‘When was the last day you drank alcohol?’. 2019 (percentages)
Never drink alcohol
ago 15-30
No response
North Macedonia 36 22 9.0 9.5 18 5.2 0.6
Norway 47 12 7.0 6.3 20 7.0 1.6
Poland 19 28 9.2 11 23 9.3 0.5
Portugal 22 21 9.9 12 28 7.4 0.5
Romania 19 29 12 15 19 6.9 0.4
Serbia 17 32 13 13 19 6.3 0.3
Slovakia 14 29 11 13 24 8.8 0.4
Slovenia 18 27 11 12 28 5.0 0.2
Spain 22 19 13 16 24 6.2 0.4
Sweden 47 11 7.1 7.5 22 6.5 0.8
Ukraine 16 27 9.3 12 27 8.3 0.3
AVERAGE 24 25 11 11 23 6.8 0.5
Alcohol
Question C17
Table 20b. ‘When was the last day you drank alcohol?’ by gender. 2019 (percentages)
Never drink alcohol
ago 15-30
No response
Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls
Austria 19 16 39 39 12 15 9.3 10 17 16 4.3 2.8 0.1 0.2
Bulgaria 14 13 33 28 12 14 14 14 22 25 6.2 6.7 0.6 0.3
Croatia 14 16 38 28 11 12 12 14 19 24 6.6 5.5 0.4 0.1
Cyprus 16 17 33 21 15 14 13 15 18 26 5.3 6.8 1.3 0.1
Czechia 11 9.2 36 34 14 13 11 16 22 25 5.7 3.2 0.3 0.1
Denmark 11 12 45 43 15 18 11 12 16 14 1.9 1.2 0.0 0.0
Estonia 20 18 17 20 8.6 9.6 11 13 28 31 16 9.0 0.3 0.5
Faroes 27 28 21 17 8.4 11 7.6 11 26 29 11 4.6 0.8 0.4
Finland 31 33 13 11 7.0 9.6 8.4 12 33 31 7.6 4.4 0.5 0.5
France 25 24 35 28 9.6 9.9 9.9 14 15 20 5.4 4.9 0.9 0.4
Georgia 11 14 30 21 13 11 17 17 20 28 9.1 9.5 1.1 1.0
Germany 11 11 43 40 12 16 7.8 11 22 20 5.2 1.9 0.1 0.4
Greece 16 15 35 33 13 14 11 12 20 21 6.0 4.4 0.2 0.0
Hungary 10 12 38 34 13 13 13 12 21 24 4.6 4.5 0.2 0.1
Iceland 67 67 4.1 5.0 2.9 2.7 2.8 5.6 15 15 8.1 4.3 0.0 0.2
Ireland 27 29 15 13 11 11 15 15 25 27 7.5 5.1 0.2 0.4
Italy 18 21 40 35 12 12 10 11 16 18 4.3 3.6 1.1 0.5
Kosovo 57 78 6.3 2.0 2.5 0.6 5.3 2.5 17 8.8 12 8.0 0.6 0.6
Latvia 15 11 22 28 9.8 13 12 14 28 27 13 8.1 0.3 0.1
Lithuania 27 19 12 13 5.2 7.1 9.5 13 30 36 17 12 0.4 0.4
Malta 21 19 25 23 10 12 12 11 25 29 7.6 6.1 1.0 0.3
Monaco 19 11 21 24 15 11 16 15 20 30 8.7 8.7 0.5 0.5
Montenegro 25 33 22 14 8.4 7.1 11 11 23 25 10 10 1.1 0.5
Netherlands 32 28 33 27 8.9 13 7.2 12 15 17 3.8 2.8 0.0 0.0
North Macedonia 33 39 26 19 9.4 8.5 8.7 10 17 19 6.4 4.1 0.8 0.4
Norway 48 46 12 12 6.4 7.5 5.6 7.1 19 22 8.6 5.4 1.6 1.7
Poland 20 19 28 29 8.1 10 11 12 22 23 11 7.6 0.4 0.6
Portugal 22 22 22 21 11 9.3 12 12 25 30 8.4 6.6 0.7 0.4
Romania 15 23 34 23 13 11 14 16 17 21 6.5 7.2 0.3 0.5
Serbia 17 17 36 29 13 13 11 14 17 22 6.6 6.0 0.3 0.3
Slovakia 17 12 26 31 11 12 12 14 24 25 9.5 8.0 0.4 0.4
Slovenia 16 20 32 22 11 11 11 13 24 31 6.2 4.0 0.3 0.1
Spain 25 19 18 21 11 14 14 17 24 24 7.5 5.0 0.6 0.3
Sweden 48 46 10 11 5.7 8.6 6.3 9 21 23 9.3 3.6 0.9 0.8
Ukraine 20 12 25 30 7.8 11 12 13 25 29 11 6.0 0.3 0.3
AVERAGE 24 24 26 24 10 11 11 12 21 24 7.9 5.8 0.5 0.4
Alcohol
Question C18.2-6, C18a-e
Table 21a. Beer quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption. 2019 (percentages)
Centilitres Not relevant (a)
Austria 52 21 17 6.7 3.8 31
Bulgaria 58 25 13 3.4 1.6 29
Croatia 52 26 12 5.6 4.6 31
Cyprus 42 24 27 5.7 2.3 57
Czechia 58 24 12 3.6 1.9 20
Denmark 55 16 13 8.2 7.5 19
Estonia 76 15 7.2 1.5 0.7 25
Faroes 67 14 8.1 5.7 5.7 42
Finland 62 15 9.6 5.6 7.4 36
France 46 20 24 6.0 3.8 36
Georgia 53 19 12 5.2 10 21
Germany 41 34 17 6.0 2.1 20
Greece 59 17 20 2.7 0.9 21
Hungary 60 20 14 3.3 2.0 29
Iceland 66 22 7.5 2.3 2.3 71
Ireland 62 17 13 4.6 3.6 34
Italy 50 29 14 3.8 2.8 26
Kosovo 44 36 12 4.2 3.3 76
Latvia 68 16 12 2.2 1.1 24
Lithuania 73 18 6.4 2.0 0.9 27
Malta 73 19 5.5 1.7 0.6 29
Monaco 66 19 12 2.0 1.2 20
Montenegro 46 36 10 4.2 3.3 36
Netherlands 44 29 12 11 3.9 38
North Macedonia 48 30 14 4.4 3.1 42
Norway 61 16 13 4.8 5.7 51
Poland 32 28 33 4.5 3.1 31
Portugal 55 31 9.1 3.5 1.6 46
Romania 42 41 12 3.3 1.6 34
Serbia 43 28 16 6.8 6.4 27
Slovakia 60 23 13 2.3 1.2 20
Slovenia 59 22 12 4.6 2.5 28
Spain 80 15 4.0 0.9 0.4 28
Sweden 72 17 7.0 2.4 1.1 55
Ukraine 77 11 8.2 1.9 1.5 27
AVERAGE 57 23 13 4.2 3.0 34
(a) Not relevant includes students with no last day alcohol consumption at all or no/inconsistent responses on the last day consumption items.
Alcohol
Table 21b. Beer quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption by gender. 2019 (percentages)
0 <50 50-100 101-200 201+
Austria 33 72 24 18 25 7.8 12 1.9 6.8 0.7 31 30
Bulgaria 48 68 26 23 18 7.0 5.4 1.4 2.4 0.9 30 28
Croatia 37 69 31 20 17 6.4 7.7 3.3 7.7 1.1 31 32
Cyprus 37 47 20 28 32 21 7.4 3.9 3.7 0.8 49 63
Czechia 46 71 27 22 18 5.5 5.6 1.5 3.6 0.2 20 21
Denmark 39 70 17 15 18 9.2 13 3.9 14 1.7 19 19
Estonia 62 88 22 8.1 12 3.3 2.6 0.5 1.5 0.1 27 24
Faroes 51 84 14 13 15 0.7 9.7 1.4 10 0.7 38 45
Finland 45 80 19 11 13 5.9 9.2 2.0 14 1.2 36 36
France 44 47 17 24 25 23 7.7 4.2 6.4 1.2 35 36
Georgia 46 60 15 23 14 10 7.8 3.0 17 4.2 18 22
Germany 25 56 39 29 22 12 9.3 2.8 4.2 0.2 21 19
Greece 54 64 16 19 25 15 3.4 2.0 1.5 0.4 21 20
Hungary 46 75 23 18 22 6.3 5.7 0.9 3.6 0.2 27 31
Iceland 53 78 31 14 9.9 5.3 3.5 1.3 3.2 1.6 72 71
Ireland 51 73 18 15 18 8.0 6.9 2.5 5.9 1.4 34 35
Italy 42 60 31 27 18 9.7 5.2 2.2 4.1 1.3 24 27
Kosovo 37 54 38 35 15 8.9 6.4 1.1 4.4 1.7 69 81
Latvia 55 81 22 11 17 7.0 3.6 0.9 2.0 0.1 26 22
Lithuania 58 86 27 10 9.8 3.5 3.5 0.6 1.7 0.1 31 23
Malta 62 84 26 13 9.0 2.1 2.3 1.2 1.1 0.0 30 26
Monaco 61 70 20 19 15 9.0 2.6 1.6 1.9 0.5 25 15
Montenegro 34 60 40 32 14 6.1 6.5 1.6 5.5 0.8 34 39
Netherlands 25 62 34 23 16 8.4 17 6.2 7.9 0.2 41 36
North Macedonia 35 62 34 26 18 10 7.5 1.2 5.6 0.6 40 45
Norway 49 72 17 15 17 8.4 7.1 2.7 9.4 2.1 52 50
Poland 29 34 28 27 34 33 5.2 3.8 4.8 1.5 32 30
Portugal 46 63 34 28 12 7.0 5.1 2.2 2.8 0.6 46 45
Romania 30 54 43 39 19 5.4 5.2 1.1 2.8 0.3 31 38
Serbia 27 58 30 26 22 9.7 10 3.8 11 2.4 29 25
Slovakia 50 70 24 22 20 6.9 3.3 1.3 2.4 0.1 21 18
Slovenia 44 73 26 19 19 5.8 7.3 2.1 4.7 0.4 27 28
Spain 73 85 20 12 5.8 2.5 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.2 31 24
Sweden 58 85 23 12 12 2.3 4.6 0.5 2.0 0.3 58 52
Ukraine 66 87 15 7.7 14 3.8 3.2 0.8 2.5 0.6 31 22
AVERAGE 46 69 25 20 17 8.5 6.4 2.1 5.2 0.9 34 34
Alcohol
Table 22a. Cider quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption. 2019 (percentages)
Austria - - - - - -
Cyprus - - - - - -
France - - - - - -
Georgia - - - - - -
Germany - - - - - -
Greece - - - - - -
Italy - - - - - -
Kosovo - - - - - -
Monaco - - - - - -
Portugal - - - - - -
Romania - - - - - -
Serbia - - - - - -
Slovenia - - - - - -
Spain 95 4.5 0.5 0.1 0.0 28
Sweden 60 22 13 4.4 1.1 55
Ukraine 69 20 8.7 1.4 0.4 27
AVERAGE 78 12 6.6 2.2 1.1 34
Alcohol
Table 22b. Cider quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption by gender. 2019 (percentages)
0 <50 50-100 101-200 201+
Austria - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bulgaria 86 86 10 12 3.3 1.8 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.0 30 28
Croatia 93 91 4.7 7.8 1.6 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.0 31 32
Cyprus - - - - - - - - - - - -
Czechia 90 82 7.1 16 2.4 2.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 20 21
Denmark 74 57 10 17 10 15 3.7 7.7 2.4 2.6 19 19
Estonia 74 62 13 21 9.8 15 1.8 2.1 1.0 0.6 27 24
Faroes 49 32 25 42 11 15 9.7 9.2 5.8 2.1 38 45
Finland 85 63 9.6 18 4.3 12 0.8 5.0 0.3 1.6 36 36
France - - - - - - - - - - - -
Georgia - - - - - - - - - - - -
Germany - - - - - - - - - - - -
Greece - - - - - - - - - - - -
Hungary 89 78 6.0 16 3.9 5.0 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.0 27 31
Iceland 94 94 4.1 3.7 1.5 1.1 0 0.5 0.9 0.5 72 71
Ireland 56 66 14 16 14 12 7.9 4.3 9.0 2.2 34 35
Italy - - - - - - - - - - - -
Kosovo - - - - - - - - - - - -
Latvia 82 69 8.9 18 6.9 12 1.9 1.1 0.1 0.3 26 22
Lithuania - - - - - - - - - - - -
Malta 96 95 1.9 3.5 2.0 1.6 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.1 30 26
Monaco - - - - - - - - - - - -
Montenegro 83 69 11 25 3.6 5.5 1.3 0.5 0.7 0.5 34 39
Netherlands 94 80 4.2 12 1.0 5.3 0.8 2.2 0.0 0.2 41 36
North Macedonia - - - - - - - - - - - -
Norway 65 50 13 16 14 24 4.2 7.3 4.4 2.6 52 50
Poland 97 97 1.8 2.3 0.8 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 32 30
Portugal - - - - - - - - - - - -
Romania - - - - - - - - - - - -
Serbia - - - - - - - - - - - -
Slovakia 97 98 1.8 1.4 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 21 18
Slovenia - - - - - - - - - - - -
Spain 95 95 4.6 4.4 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 31 24
Sweden 71 49 16 26 8.3 18 2.8 5.8 1.5 0.8 58 52
Ukraine 75 64 17 23 6.5 11 1.2 1.6 0.3 0.5 31 22
AVERAGE 82 74 9.2 15 5.3 7.9 1.9 2.5 1.4 0.7 34 33
Alcohol
Table 23a. Premixed drinks quantities among students reporting any last day alcohol consumption. 2019 (percentages)
Austria 68 18 11 3.2 1.0 31
Bulgaria 94 5 0.6 0.0 0.1 29
Croatia 93 5 1.0 0.7 0.2 31
Cyprus 93 4 2.3 0.2 0.2 57
Czechia 90 8 2.1 0.4 0.1 20
Denmark 51 14 18 11 5.6 19
Estonia 89 6 4.5 0.9 0.3 25
Faroes 78 14 6.1 1.3 0.7 42
Finland 62 15 14 6.6 3.0 36
France - - - - - -
Georgia - - - - - -
Kosovo - - - - - -
Monaco - - - - - -
Spain - - - - - -
Sweden 87 8 3.1 0.6 0.7 55
Ukraine 69 18 10

espad report 2019. additional tables

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