Esperanto as a human dream of a universal languageEsperanto as a human dream of a universal language(to the 125 anniversary of Esperanto)(to the 125 anniversary of Esperanto)

Made by Michael Spaskov10a School № 4Teacher Tamara

Valentinovna Udina

What is Esperanto? What is Esperanto?

InterlinguisticsInterlinguistics

Interlinguistics is the science which can solve the problems of international communication.

A man in earnest finds means, or, if he cannot find, creates them.

W. E. Channing

Linguistic projectsLinguistic projects

Only 10 artificial languages have come to us:

• Interlingva,• Novial,• Slovio,• Ido,• Occidental,• Volapyuk,• Farlingo,• Esperanto,• Europanto.

The language winnerThe language winner

I got interested in such items as:

• the origin of Esperanto language, • its grammar and vocabulary features,• availability and the future of Esperanto.

• Esperanto was created in 1887 by Dr. Ludwig Zamenhof.

• The first book of Esperanto grammar was published in Warsaw in July 1887, it was called “The International Language”.

• Doctor Zamenhof took the name “esperanto” as a pseudonym.

The OriginThe Origin

Esperanto in the XX-th centuryEsperanto in the XX-th century

• The first world war, • Stalin’s and Hitler's

prohibition of this language, • the second world war, • the “cold war”,• the “iron curtain”, • the breakdown of the USSR.

All these factors didn’t stimulate to the development of the language.

The Esperanto alphabetThe Esperanto alphabet

• The Esperanto alphabet contains 28 letters.

• Both languages are based on the Latin script.

• 6 letters have 3 variants of writing the letters above-the-line-signs.

5 letters with “^” (circumflex).1 letter with “v” (breve).

VocabularyVocabulary

• International-borrowed words: adreso, akademio, biblioteko, ekonomio, oratoro, radio, reklamo, sistemo, socio, turismo…

• European-borrowed words: bela, dento, nature, numero, papero…

• English-borrowed words: agrikulturo, celebri, observi, pagi, pago, reala, revero, spirito, trinki…

• Russian-borrowed words: brovo, clopodi…

Simple languageSimple language

Esperanto is an easy-to-learn language:

• 16 rules of grammar, • only 2 genders,• stress on the next-to-last syllable, • no double negation,• no exception to the rule.

Better to learn the odd, than to learn nothing (Seneca).

Esperantists considered that:

• 1,000 have Esperanto as their native language,• 10,000 speak it fluently,• 100,000 can use it actively,• 1,000,000 understand a large amount passively,• 10,000,000 have studied it to some extent at some time.

The language expansionThe language expansion

Knowledge is a tool, not a goal (L. Tolstoy).

There is the Universal Esperanto Association, which has the aim:

• to maintain and stimulate the spreading of the language,• to solve the language problems of international relations.

Universala Esperanto-Asocio (UEA)Universala Esperanto-Asocio (UEA)

UEA:

• Every year organises the World Congresses of esperantists,• publishes the monthly illustration journal,• has its own residence in Holland, Rotterdam,• Osmo Buller is the director of the UEA.

To talk much and to say much isn't the same (Sophocles).

Rusia Esperantista Unio (REU)Rusia Esperantista Unio (REU)• It is the public organization,• founded in Russia in 1921,• officially registered in 1991,• This Union publishes the

illustration journal “Rusia Esperanto-gazeto”.

• Alexander Osintsev – is the president of the Russian Youth Esperanto movement.

You can't become a good sailor in a quiet sea 

(an African proverb).

Conclusion. Esperanto is rather unclaimed today Conclusion. Esperanto is rather unclaimed today

There are several reasons to this:• poor motivation in Esperanto

study,• Esperanto is, looks, and

sounds artificial,• Esperanto has no culture and

no connection “society-culture-language”,

• it cannot compete with the English language.

There are no great affairs without great difficulties (Voltaire).

Conclusion. Some advantagesConclusion. Some advantages

• Esperanto is an easy-to-learn and easy-to-use language.• Esperanto makes the

writing and the oral languages close.• Esperantists say that

any person is able to learn Esperanto in 3 – 6 months.Every man has enough power left to 

carry out that of which he is convinced (Goethe).

Esperanto as an artificial linguistic satellite Esperanto as an artificial linguistic satellite

Esperanto as an artificial linguistic Esperanto as an artificial linguistic satellite was launched 125 years ago. satellite was launched 125 years ago. And what is its fate in the future? Many And what is its fate in the future? Many linguists have been arguing about this linguists have been arguing about this question. question.