ESSAY PROMPT:ESSAY PROMPT:DiscussDiscuss howhow Renaissance ideasRenaissance ideas

are expressed in the Italianare expressed in the Italianart of the period, referringart of the period, referringart of the period, referringart of the period, referringtoto specific works and artistsspecific works and artists..

Which ideasWhich ideascharacterized thecharacterized theItalian Renaissance asItalian Renaissance asboth a rebirth ofboth a rebirth ofboth a rebirth ofboth a rebirth ofclassical culture and aclassical culture and adistinct period ofdistinct period ofEuropean history?European history?

1.1. HumanismHumanism----renewedrenewedinterest in the studyinterest in the studyof Greek, Latin, andof Greek, Latin, andthe philosophers ofthe philosophers ofthe philosophers ofthe philosophers ofthe classical period;the classical period;interest in paganinterest in paganlegendslegends

2.2. SecularismSecularism----worldliness andworldliness andmaterialism; a concernmaterialism; a concernwith success in thiswith success in thiswith success in thiswith success in thislifelife (Increasingly secular (Increasingly secular view of life, despite continuing view of life, despite continuing influence of the Church)influence of the Church)

3.3. IndividualismIndividualism----Optimism Optimism about the potential of unique about the potential of unique individuals (the development of individuals (the development of portraiture as an artistic portraiture as an artistic genre) genre) genre) genre)

ConfidenceConfidence----man can man can achieve whatever he puts his achieve whatever he puts his mind to mind to

The Renaissance “Man”The Renaissance “Man”The Greek ideal of the “well-

rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education. Broad knowledge about many

things in different fields.Broad knowledge about many things in different fields.Deep knowledge/skill in one area.Able to link information from

different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge.

4.4. Civic HumanismCivic Humanism(VIRTU)(VIRTU) ---- thetheresponsibility of theresponsibility of theindividual to theindividual to theindividual to theindividual to thecommunity or citycommunity or city--statestate

5.5. PatronagePatronage----bothboth

a.a. civic (as ancivic (as anexpression of Civicexpression of CivicHumanism: competitionHumanism: competitionHumanism: competitionHumanism: competitionto beautify cities) and,to beautify cities) and,

b.b. privateprivate

6.6. Idealization ofIdealization ofbeauty, especially as itbeauty, especially as itpertains to the humanpertains to the humanbodybodybodybody

7.7. Religion still at theReligion still at thecore of Italiancore of ItalianRenaissance life:Renaissance life: The The Church's continued role as a Church's continued role as a major patron of the arts, major patron of the arts, Church's continued role as a Church's continued role as a major patron of the arts, major patron of the arts, combined with its temporal combined with its temporal power on the Italian peninsula, power on the Italian peninsula, insured that spiritual values insured that spiritual values would be blended with the newer would be blended with the newer Renaissance ideas.Renaissance ideas.

We have defined andWe have defined anddiscussed importantdiscussed importantterms that illustrateterms that illustrateseveral Renaissanceseveral Renaissanceseveral Renaissanceseveral Renaissanceideas/values.ideas/values.

We have to include a We have to include a discussion of at least two discussion of at least two Renaissance artists and two Renaissance artists and two works of art.works of art.

We have to show how art We have to show how art We have to show how art We have to show how art reflects the ideas of the reflects the ideas of the Renaissance by using specific Renaissance by using specific references to the aspects of references to the aspects of the works of art that the works of art that express Renaissance values.express Renaissance values.

Birth of VenusBirth of Venus –– Botticelli, 1485Botticelli, 1485

Birth of VenusBirth of Venus –– Botticelli, 1485Botticelli, 1485

Birth of VenusBirth of Venus –– Botticelli,c. 1482Botticelli,c. 1482

Representation of aRepresentation of apagan goddesspagan goddess

Idealization of beautyIdealization of beauty

Nudity: an innovationNudity: an innovationin itselfin itself

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Adoration of the Magi Adoration of the Magi –– Botticelli, 1475Botticelli, 1475

group portrait of the Holy Family and the Medici family

power, arrogance, opulencesignificance of the role of the commercial

elite

Adoration of the Magi Adoration of the Magi –– Botticelli, 1475Botticelli, 1475

eliteThe Medicis are depicted taking part in

the procession through the streets with the Confraternity of Magi, dressed as oriental kings as they did every year in Florence in reenactment

The School of Athens The School of Athens –– Raphael, 1510 Raphael, 1510 --1111

The School of Athens The School of Athens –– Raphael, 1510 Raphael, 1510 --1111

All of the important Greek philosophers and thinkers are includedA great variety of posesA great variety of posesLocated in the papal apartments libraryNo Christian themes

AristotleAristotle::points to points to

PlatoPlato::points to points to

thetheheavens heavens

The School of Athens The School of Athens –– Raphael, detailsRaphael, details

points to points to thethe

earth [theearth [thehere andhere andnow].now].

heavens heavens [the IDEAL[the IDEAL

realm].realm].

The School The School of Athens of Athens ––Raphael, Raphael, detailsdetails

The School The School of Athens of Athens ––Raphael, Raphael, detailsdetails

The School of Athens The School of Athens –– Raphael, 1510 Raphael, 1510 --1111

Renaissance emphasis on learning and the revival of the great works of Ancient Greece & RomeMost intellectuals and philosophers

the ancient world congregated Most intellectuals and philosophers

the ancient world congregated together in one scene, involved in active discussion against a background of glorious Greek architecture

The Last SupperThe Last Supper -- da Vinci, 1498da Vinci, 1498

The Last SupperThe Last Supper -- da Vinci, 1498da Vinci, 1498ChristChrist--figure as Man rather figure as Man rather

than Divinitythan Divinity

"One of you shall betray me!""One of you shall betray me!"----moment of maximum human moment of maximum human --moment of maximum human moment of maximum human drama rather than spiritualitydrama rather than spirituality

Application of scientific Application of scientific principles to organize the principles to organize the composition of the paintingcomposition of the painting

The Sistine Chapel’s CeilingThe Sistine Chapel’s CeilingMichelangelo, 1508 Michelangelo, 1508 -- 15121512

Creation of ManCreation of Man----The Sistine ChapelThe Sistine Chapel

Creation of Man (ceiling of theCreation of Man (ceiling of theSistine Chapel)Sistine Chapel)Portrayal of the Supreme Being Portrayal of the Supreme Being

in human formin human form

An unafraid Adam faces his An unafraid Adam faces his An unafraid Adam faces his An unafraid Adam faces his makermaker

Adam reaches out for the spark Adam reaches out for the spark of life, his head positioned only of life, his head positioned only slightly lower than his Creatorslightly lower than his Creator

The Sistine ChapelThe Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails

The Sistine ChapelThe Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails

Ceiling of the Sistine ChapelCeiling of the Sistine ChapelHumanistic approachHumanistic approach----

Glorification of the value of man: Glorification of the value of man: man created in the image of his man created in the image of his Creator; the crown of creationCreator; the crown of creationCreator; the crown of creationCreator; the crown of creation

Last JudgmentLast Judgment----in his arrogance, in his arrogance, man has drifted from Divine will man has drifted from Divine will and will suffer the consequencesand will suffer the consequences

Brunelleschi’s DomeBrunelleschi’s Dome

Brunelleschi’s DomeBrunelleschi’s Dome

Brunelleschi’s DomeBrunelleschi’s Dome

influence of classicalinfluence of classicalculture and scientificculture and scientificideasideasideasideas

David David –– Donatello, Donatello, ca. 1434ca. 1434

DavidDavid –– Donatello, ca. 1434Donatello, ca. 1434First freeFirst free--form bronze form bronze

since Roman times!since Roman times!

Reflects freedom of Reflects freedom of movement achieved in the movement achieved in the movement achieved in the movement achieved in the nude figures of classical nude figures of classical sculpturesculpture

CONTRAPPOSTO (more CONTRAPPOSTO (more dynamic / relaxed pose)dynamic / relaxed pose)

David David –– Michelangelo, Michelangelo, 15011501--44

DavidDavid –– Michelangelo, 1501Michelangelo, 1501--44Was supposed to reflectWas supposed to reflect

the powerthe power

the determinationthe determinationthe determinationthe determination

supreme confidencesupreme confidence

of Florenceof Florence

DavidDavid –– Michelangelo, 1501Michelangelo, 1501--44The strength and beauty of the The strength and beauty of the

human formhuman form

Value of the individualValue of the individual

Determined gaze, confident Determined gaze, confident stance and the slingshot hanging stance and the slingshot hanging over the shoulder express the over the shoulder express the Renaissance belief in the Renaissance belief in the extreme capability of manextreme capability of man