THE ESSENSE OF BIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE THE ORGANISM CLASSIFICATION

VIRUSES ARCHAEBACTERIA AND EUBACTERIA PROTISTS

FUNGI

Learning Objective

After learning this chapter, you are expected to be able to :

1. Identify the scopes of biology.

2. Descript the object and biological problems on various organisaion levels of living organism(molecule,cell,tissue, organ, organ system,organism,population, ecosystem and biome.

The Scope Of Biology

Object Biological problems Organization levels of living organism

Object of biology Viruses Prokarya : 1.Archaebacteria : 1. Metanogen

2. Halofil3. Termoacidofil

2. Eubacteria : 1. Bacteria 2. Cyanobacteria

Eukarya : 1. Protista ( Algae, Protozoa, Slime mold )2. Fungi3. Plantae ( Bryophyta, Pterydophyta,

Spermatophyta )

4. Animalia ( Porifera, Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Nemathelminthes,

Annelida, Molusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata,

Chordata )

Object of biology (BSCS)

1. Protist

2. Animalia

3. Plantae

Organization levels of living organism Molecule Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism

Population Community Ecosystem Biome Biosfer

Biological problems

1. Evolution

2. Interaktion and depends each other

3. Genetic

4. Maintenance of dinamic equillibrium

5. Growth and diferensiasi

6. Energy, mather and organization

7. Science, technology and social

Branches of Biology

Anatomy Bacteriology Biochemistry Taxonomy Ecology Embryology Histology Cytology

Genetics Morfology Parasitology Microbiology Micology Entomology Virology Etology

B. Scientific method to find out a Biological consept --- 1.experimental method 2.observation method

Scientific Method :

1. Problem formulation2. Preliminary study/ collecting information3. Hypothesis formulation4. Experiment5. Conclusion

Scientific attitude

Type of research :

Kuantitatif research

Kualitatif research

Type of research variable:1.Independent variable ( bebas/manipulasi )

adalah variabel yang bebas ditentukan dan berpengaruh terhadap hasil penelitian.

2.Dependent variable (tergayut/tergantung/terikat )adalah variabel yang dipengaruhi oleh variabel bebas.

3. Controlled variable (terkendali)adalah variabel di luar variabel bebas yang berpengaruh terhadap variabel terikat dan harus dikendalikan dengan cara memberikan perlakuan yang sama.

Contoh Judul Penelitian :

Pengaruh Pemberian Variasi Dosis Pupuk Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung

Variabel Bebas :

Variabel Terikat :

Variabel Kontrol: :

Variasi dosis pupuk ( ditentukan bebas )

pertumbuhan tanaman jagung ( dipengaruhi variasi dosis pupuk )

Jenis pupuk,media tumbuh, air, cahaya, kelembaban, jenis tanaman jagung, umur tanaman jagung, cara pemeliharaan, dll ----- harus dibuat sama