■essential question: –what was government like in the british north american colonies? –how...
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■Essential Question: –What was government like in the
British North American colonies?–How did the trans-Atlantic trade
influence the development of the British colonies?
■Warm-Up Questions: –Examine each of the documents
provided and explain how each relates to the British colonies
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Political Characteristics of the
British Colonies
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Government in the British Colonies
■The British colonies were governed with a policy called Salutary Neglect
–British Parliament & the king controlled the colonies, but did not enforce its policies as long as Britain profited from the colonies
–This loose control allowed the colonists to create their own colonial assemblies in America
“To pay little attention to”
“Beneficial” or “favorable”
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In practice, the British
government rarely exercised this control over
the colonies
Technically, the Parliament
& king had absolute
authority over all parts of the British empire
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But, governors’ salaries were paid by colonial assemblies so governors rarely
overturned local laws or taxes
Almost all the British colonies had royal
governors who were appointed by the king who oversaw trade, approved laws, & appointed judges
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Colonists were elected to the
assembly by other colonists; Typically, the assemblies were
ruled by the elite
Colonial assemblies were
made up of colonists who
made their own laws & taxes
(self-government)
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Two Examples of Colonial Gov’t
The Virginia House of Burgesses
Massachusetts Town Meetings
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Economic Characteristics of the
British Colonies
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Trans-Atlantic Trade■America became an important part
of the trans-Atlantic trade network–The colonies produced profitable
raw materials, such as tobacco, wheat, fish, indigo, & whale oil
–Britain sold manufactured goods back to the colonists, such as clothing, tea, guns, & tableware
–African slaves were brought to America via the Middle Passage
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Trans-Atlantic Trade Patterns (Before 1660)
Colonial raw materials helped drive British manufacturing& the colonies presented a
new market for the British to sell their finished goods
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What were the top 3 colonial exports?
South
Middle
New England
South
South
New England
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Trans-Atlantic Trade Patterns (Before 1660)The increased demand for colonial raw materials, increased
the demand for African slaves
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This pattern of trade between Europe, the colonies, and Africa became known as the
Triangular Trade
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Trans-Atlantic Trade Patterns (Before 1660)When the British colonies were first founded, there were few restrictions on who the colonists could trade with
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Mercantilism ■By the 1650s, the British gov’t
began to embrace the economic policy of mercantilismmercantilism:
–The colonies exist to generate wealth for the mother country
–Promoted a balance of trade (more exports than imports)
–Meant that colonial trade must be regulated & controlled
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Mercantilism
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The Navigation Acts
■Starting in 1660, the British gov’t imposed a series of Navigation ActsNavigation Acts designed to restrict colonial trade & increase British wealth
Initially, the colonists protested the loss of Dutch, French, & Spanish
trade partners
However, colonists soon realized that these
restrictions gave them a monopoly on British trade
& led to steady profits