Pest Management

Essential Standard 8.00- Compare distinguishing chrematistics of pest.

Objective 8.01• Discuss the anatomy and life

cycle of pest.

What is an insect?• Small animals that have three

body regions and three pairs of legs equaling six legs

• Body regions– head – thorax– abdomen

Types of Insects• The five types of mouthparts

are important in identifying and controlling insects.– Chewing– Piercing-sucking– Rasping-sucking– Siphoning– Sponging

Chewing Insects• Insects tear, chew or grind food• Examples

– grasshopper– Beetle– Cutworms– Caterpillars

• Damage by chewing insects includes tearing, chewing, or grinding all parts of the plant

Piercing-Sucking Insects

• Punctures plant and sucks the sap usually from underside of the leaves or the stem

• Examples– Aphids– Mealy bugs– Mites– Scale– whiteflies

• Damage causes yellow spotted leaves which result in stunted growth

Rasping-Sucking insects

• Rasps or breaks surface and sucks sap

• Example– thrips

• Damaged plant tissue becomes speckled and white

Siphoning insects• Have a coiled tube they dip

into liquid food such as nectar and draw it in

• Example– butterflies

• Siphoning insects do little to no damage to the plant

Sponging Insects• Have two sponge-like structures

that collect liquid food and move it into the food canal

• Example– houseflies

• Sponging insects can carry germs or diseases that can damage plants

Life Cycles• Complete metamorphosis has

four stages– egg– larva-worms or caterpillars– Pupa- resting stage– adult-flies, beetles, etc.

Life Cycles• Incomplete metamorphosis has

three stages– egg– Nymph- baby insect– Adult

• Insects must be killed when they are feeding or actively moving on the plant

Life Cycles

Chewing Insects• Parts of leaves are eaten away

– beetles– cutworms– caterpillars– grasshoppers

Chewing Insects• Beetles

– eat leaves, stems, flowers, fruit and nuts

• Cutworms– usually attack stems, but may eat

other plant parts

Chewing Insects• Caterpillars

– larva of moths and butterflies– fuzzy or hairy– eat young leaves and stems– roll up in leaves making leaves

curl• Grasshoppers

– eat all parts of plants

Sucking Insects• Aphids• Leaf bugs• Mealy bugs• Scale• Thrips• Whiteflies

Aphids• Pierce and suck juices• known as plant lice• cause stunted growth and

yellow spotted leaves• causes sticky substances and

black mold• will attract ants

Aphids

Leaf Bugs• Cause plants to look unhealthy• plants will lose their normal

color and wilt

Leaf Bugs

Mealy Bugs• Pierce and suck from underside

of leaves and in leaf axils causing yellow appearance and sticky secretions

Mealy bugs

Scale• Appear as black or brown

raised lumps attached to stems and underside of leaves causing yellow leaves and stunted growth

Scale

Thrips• Chew and then suck causing

plant tissue to become speckled or whitened, leaf tip to wither, curl up, or die

Thrips

Whiteflies• Feed on underside of young

leaves causing yellowing• will look like flying little white

specks when plants are shaken

Whiteflies

Mites• Attack underside of leaves

causing gray to grayish-green spots

• severe infestations cause webbing

Mites