Science and PolicyScience and Policy Issues Issues in in

Establishing Establishing Canadian Marine Protected AreasCanadian Marine Protected Areas

R.J. PayneLakehead University

Presentation to the Centre for Marine and Coastal Policy Research

University of PlymouthOctober, 2011

Establishing Canadian MPAsEstablishing Canadian MPAs

IntroductionIntroduction

● Canada

● Case Studies:

– Scott Islands Marine Wildlife Area

– The Gully MPA

– Lake Superior National Marine Conservation Area

● Steps to a Network of MPAs

● Issues and Questions

1 Scott Islands MWA; 2 The Gully MPA; 3 Lake Superior National Marine Conservation Area

Establishing Canadian MPAsEstablishing Canadian MPAs

Scott Islands MWAScott Islands MWA● Proposed (currently an IBA)

● Legislation: Canada Wildlife Act (amended 1994)

● Agency: Canadian Wildlife Service (Environment Canada)

● Purpose: wildlife (seabirds) habitat and nesting area protection

● PNCIMA (DFO), under the Oceans Act

Establishing Canadian MPAsEstablishing Canadian MPAs

The Gully MPAThe Gully MPA● Established; promoted by

WWF (Canada)

● Legislation: Oceans Act

● Agency: Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO)

● Purpose: significant feature protection

● Scotian Shelf IMA (DFO)

Establishing Canadian MPAsEstablishing Canadian MPAs

Lake Superior NMCALake Superior NMCA● Established; Parks Canada's

scientific assessment

● Legislation: NMCA Act

● Agency: Parks Canada (Environment Canada)

● Purpose: representative marine area (29 regions)

● Province of Ontario

Establishing Canadian MPAsEstablishing Canadian MPAs

Issues and QuestionsIssues and Questions● Canada-Provinces

● Canada-Aboriginal people

– Nunavut: Inuit

– Rest of Canada: First Nations

● Network of MPAs

– DFO lead role, under Oceans Act, in the three oceans

– Funding?

● A cut of $55 million from operating budget in 2011

Establishing Canadian MPAsEstablishing Canadian MPAs

Issues and Questions (Cont'd)Issues and Questions (Cont'd)● Network of Protected Areas

– e.g., Cape Scott Provincial Park and Scott Islands MWA

● MPAs and Integrated Management Areas

– Development – protection balance?

– Local stakeholders?

● Assessing MPA Effectiveness:

– Ecological: DFO MPAs have no particular purpose

– Socio-economic: Impact and Benefit Agreements

● Nunavut mandatory● Elsewhere?

Establishing Canadian MPAsEstablishing Canadian MPAs

Questions?Questions?

Establishing Canadian MPAsEstablishing Canadian MPAs

ReferencesReferencesCanada, 1985. Canada Wildlife Act, http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/W-9/

Canada, 1996. Oceans Act, http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/O-2.4/

Canada, 2002. National Marine Conservation Areas Act, http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-7.3/index.html

Canadian Wildlife Service, 2004. Establishment of the Scott Islands Marine Wildlife Area (MWA), http://bolt.lakeheadu.ca/~bpaynewww/CMR/background_e.pdf

Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 2004. The Gully Marine Protected Area, http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/media/back-fiche/2004/hq-ac61a-eng.htm

Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 2011. National Framework for Canada's Network of Marine Protected Areas, Ottawa.

Impact and Benefit Agreement (IBA) Research Network, (no date), http://www.impactandbenefit.com/

Parks Canada, 2011. Lake Superior National Marine Conservation Area, http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/amnc-nmca/on/super/index.aspx