establishment survey on working time and work-life balance

Establishment Survey on Working Time and

Work-Life Balance (ESWT 2004/2005)

Tables by country

UK Data Archive Study Number 5655 - Establishment Survey on Working Time and Work-Life Balance, 2004-2005

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Establishment Survey on Working Time and Work-Life Balance

in 21 EU Member States

(ESWT 2004/2005)

Tables by country

prepared by

Harald Bielenski and Arnold Riedmann TNS Infratest Sozialforschung, Munich Landsberger Strasse 338 80687 Munich Germany on behalf of the

European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Dublin

Munich, 5 May 2006 08.40.36028 / 08.40.40815 / ESWT21_tables1.doc

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Contents Page Preface 3

1. General hints for users 4 2. Tables 6 2.1 Establishment proportional tables

2.1.1 Management interviews (establishment proportional) 2.1.2 Employee representative interviews (establishment proportional) 2.2 Employee proportional tables

2.2.1 Management interviews (employee proportional) 2.2.2 Employee representative interviews (employee proportional)

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Preface

The "Establishment Survey on Working-Time and Work-Life Balance (ESWT)" was prepared and carried out on behalf of the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions by TNS Infratest Sozialforschung, Munich (Germany) in co-operation with a group of experts and national fieldwork institutes.1 Data collection was carried out in two phases: − In 2004 field-work was carried out in the 15 countries which formed the EU until its

expansion on 1 May 2004 (EU-15).

− In 2005, additional interviews were carried out in 6 of the 10 states which newly joined the European Union on 01 May 2004 (the Czech Republic, Cyprus, Latvia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia).

Reporting on the preparation of the survey and the data collection is made in separate parts: 1. A Technical Report describes the development of the questionnaires, the sampling,

fieldwork and the weighting of the data. It also contains some recommendations for future surveys of a similar kind. The Technical Report also contains the English master versions of the questionnaires prepared for the interviews with the management (MM) and with the employee representation (ER).

2. A full Documentation of all national language versions of the questionnaires for the 21 countries involved in the survey is available in electronic format (”ESWT21_questionnaires.pdf”).

3. The answers given by the respondents which were interviewed in 21,031 establishments (21.031 managers and 5,232 employee representatives) are documented in this volume of Tables by country. These tables are available in electronic format (”ESWT21_tables1.pdf”) only.

4. Data sets are available in SPSS and in ASCII format (cf. chapter 6 of the Technical report).

5. A separate Sampling Report describes in detail the challenges related to sampling and weighting of a European-wide survey at establishment level and the practical solutions adopted for the ESWT survey.

Additionally a separate report about the design and the results of the pre-test was delivered in July 2004.

1 For details cf. Annex A and B

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1. General hints for users

This volume contains cross-tabulations showing the distribution of the answers to all questions in the management (MM) and the employee representative (ER) questionnaires of the ESWT. All results are shown in a breakdown by country (table head 1). Each table is shown on two consecutive pages: − The first page shows the results for the 15 old EU member states (EU-15) and additionally

the overall results for all 21 countries together (column “Total EU 21”). − The second page shows the results for the six new Member States2 which were included

in the survey 2005 (EU 6). The columns “Total” on each page refer to the total of the countries shown on each page, i.e. to EU-15 on the first page and to EU-6 on the second page. Data are representative for all non-agricultural establishments with 10 or more employees in the countries surveyed.3 This volume of cross-tabulations includes two different sets of cross-tabulations: − The first set shows the survey results in an establishment proportional perspective. The

table number in the upper right corner is amended by the suffix “-EST”. These tables were calculated by using the establishment proportional weighting factor (“est_wei”) which redresses the net sample so that the distribution of establishments over the 10 cells of the stratification matrix used for sampling (see chapter 3 of the Technical Report) is reproduced. Analyses based on establishment proportional weighted data allow to make statements of the following type: “X % of the establishments surveyed have part-timers among their staff”. Since the majority of the establishments are small and medium sized units analyses of this type are strongly influenced by the situation of these smaller units.

− The second set shows the survey results in an employee proportional perspective. The table number in the upper right corner is amended by the suffix “-EMP”. These tables were calculated by using the employee proportional weighting factor (“emp_wei”) which redresses the net sample so that the distribution of employees over the 10 cells of the stratification matrix used for sampling (see chapter 3 of the Technical Report) is reproduced. Analyses based on employee proportional weighted data allow to make statements of the following type: “Y % of all employees covered by this survey4 work in establishments which have part-timers among their staff”.5 Since many employees work in

2 Of the ten states which joined the EU on 1 May 2004 the following six were included in the survey:

the Czech Republic, Cyprus, Hungary, Latvia, Poland and Slovenia. 3 Apart from Agriculture and Fishing (NACE A+B) the survey did not include Private Households

(NACE P) and Extraterritorial Organisations (NACE Q). 4 Please note that the universe was restricted to establishments with 10 or more employees. 5 Please note that this does not mean that Y% of all employees are part-timers.

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large establishments, analyses of this type are more influenced by the situation in larger units than does the establishment proportional analysis.

Many of the questions asked in the ESWT-questionnaire were not addressed to all respondents but to certain subgroups only (e.g. respondents in establishments with part-time work). When interpreting the indicated percentages, it is therefore necessary to carefully check the definition of the group which had to answer a certain question. The definition of the group representing 100% for each question is indicated above each table in the line “base”. Tables are sorted in the order of the questions in the questionnaires. Table numbers in the upper right corner (e.g. MM-EST 1.01) indicate − whether results refer to the management or the employee representative questionnaire

(“MM” or “ER”), − whether results are weighted with the establishment proportional or with the employee

proportional weighting factor (“-EST” or “–EMP”), − the number of the table heading (the cross tabulation by country has the number “1”), − a consecutive number for the table (e.g. “.01”).

2. Tables

2.1 Establishment proportional tables

2.1.1 Management interviews (establishment proportional)

Establishment Survey on Working Time and Work-Life Balance 2004 Table MM-EST 1.01Management Interviews

Country

Base: All respondents

Column percent Total Total Country (EU 15) EU 21 B DK D EL E F IRL I L NL A P FIN S UK

Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Country Belgium 2 2 100 Denmark 2 2 100 Germany 21 24 100 Greece 2 3 100 Spain 8 9 100 France 13 15 100 Ireland 1 1 100 Italy 11 13 100 Luxembourg 0 0 100 Netherlands 4 4 100 Austria 2 2 100 Portugal 3 4 100 Finland 1 1 100 Sweden 3 3 100 United Kingdom 14 16 100 Czech Republic 3 Cyprus 0 Latvia 0 Hungary 2 Poland 7 Slovenia 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

*) ESTABLISHMENT-PROPORTIONAL ANALYSIS TNS Infratest Sozialforschung 2006 (continued)


Country


Column percent Total Country (EU 6) CZ CY LV HU PL SI

Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Country Belgium Denmark Germany Greece Spain France Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Austria Portugal Finland Sweden United Kingdom Czech Republic 21 100 Cyprus 1 100 Latvia 4 100 Hungary 18 100 Poland 54 100 Slovenia 3 100 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

*) ESTABLISHMENT-PROPORTIONAL ANALYSIS TNS Infratest Sozialforschung 2006


Sector of activity



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Sector of activity Mining and quarrying (NACE C) 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 Manufacturing industries (NACE D) 22 21 15 13 21 24 29 18 20 34 9 15 16 31 19 12 15 Electricity, gas and water supply (NACE E) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Construction (NACE F) 7 7 10 9 8 2 9 5 7 7 19 8 10 8 4 8 5 Retail, repair (NACE G) 22 22 39 16 21 37 15 24 29 16 29 18 31 43 25 17 21 Hotels and restaurants (NACE H) 6 6 3 2 5 10 6 7 4 4 6 2 8 2 3 2 11 Transport, storage and communication (NACE I) 6 6 9 3 6 4 5 11 2 7 5 3 7 6 5 5 4 Financial intermediation (NACE J) 3 3 1 4 3 2 1 3 2 6 7 6 3 0 3 2 3 Real estate, renting and business activities (NACE K) 10 11 13 13 10 6 14 12 17 7 12 17 15 4 16 14 12 Public administration (NACE L) 7 7 7 3 4 12 14 11 3 11 11 5 1 2 10 3 2 Education (NACE M) 6 5 0 10 8 0 2 1 3 2 16 1 1 3 14 10 Health and social work (NACE N) 6 6 2 19 7 1 1 6 7 1 10 1 0 3 16 12 Other community, social and personal services (NACE O) 4 4 2 7 7 1 3 0 4 3 1 0 5 2 7 6 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Sector of activity



Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Sector of activity Mining and quarrying (NACE C) 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 Manufacturing industries (NACE D) 25 31 25 18 22 24 24 Electricity, gas and water supply (NACE E) 1 1 2 3 1 3 Construction (NACE F) 8 6 9 8 7 9 9 Retail, repair (NACE G) 22 26 31 18 29 18 19 Hotels and restaurants (NACE H) 4 7 9 3 5 2 3 Transport, storage and communication (NACE I) 3 6 2 6 5 1 4 Financial intermediation (NACE J) 2 0 2 4 3 2 1 Real estate, renting and business activities (NACE K) 7 6 7 11 12 6 14 Public administration (NACE L) 8 7 11 11 8 7 9 Education (NACE M) 12 4 1 9 1 20 7 Health and social work (NACE N) 3 2 1 4 1 5 3 Other community, social and personal services (NACE O) 5 3 1 6 3 6 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM100: May I first of all check: Is the establishment at this address a single independent company or organization with no further branch-offices, production units or sales units elsewhere in {country}? Or is it one of a number of workplaces at different locations in {country} belonging to the same company or organization?Question MM101: Is it the headquarters or is it a subsisiary site?



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Type of establishment Single site 65 64 65 58 71 58 68 58 73 72 74 63 81 47 60 34 57 Multi-site: headquarters 13 13 20 15 13 33 15 10 13 9 13 17 13 29 19 19 8 Multi-site: subsidiaries 20 21 12 27 16 8 16 21 14 19 8 19 4 23 20 43 35 No answer (MM100) 1 1 3 1 1 4 0 3 1 2 0 0 0 No answer (MM101) 1 1 1 0 0 1 7 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 3 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Type of establishment Single site 77 73 67 68 66 82 76 Multi-site: headquarters 11 18 26 9 17 6 20 Multi-site: subsidiaries 12 8 3 23 17 11 4 No answer (MM100) 0 0 3 0 0 No answer (MM101) 0 1 2 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM102: Approximately how many employees are working in this establishment?



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Number of employees 10 - 19 employees 54 54 44 52 53 74 56 55 52 56 50 48 52 69 49 49 49 20 - 49 employees 30 30 33 31 29 21 29 29 32 29 31 33 31 23 33 33 32 50 - 199 employees 13 13 18 15 14 4 12 13 13 13 15 15 14 7 15 16 16 200 - 499 employees 2 2 4 2 3 1 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 1 2 2 3 500 and more employees 1 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Number of employees 10 - 19 employees 53 54 52 45 59 51 52 20 - 49 employees 31 33 32 33 28 32 33 50 - 199 employees 13 11 13 20 10 14 12 200 - 499 employees 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 500 and more employees 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM103: Roughly what proportion of your employees is female?Question MM104: Approximately what proportion of your employees work in skilled jobs, i.e. jobs which require an apprenticeship, a university degree or any other specific professional training?



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Female proportion None at all 3 3 6 3 1 2 6 2 3 6 5 5 4 5 3 3 2 Less than 20% 29 29 40 26 30 29 33 28 22 36 46 33 33 40 26 22 20 20% to less than 40% 16 17 18 14 18 20 20 15 22 17 18 18 19 18 15 15 13 40% to less than 60% 19 19 16 21 19 26 19 23 21 18 21 14 19 15 18 17 20 60% to less than 80% 14 14 9 14 14 12 12 18 12 10 5 15 13 8 18 17 17 80% to less than 100% 15 14 10 17 13 10 9 12 17 8 3 13 8 11 17 20 23 All 3 3 1 4 5 1 1 2 2 5 2 2 3 0 3 6 4 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Skilled jobs None at all 8 8 7 8 2 6 9 4 11 11 2 4 6 9 5 10 21 Less than 20% 16 17 16 11 7 35 24 18 18 21 14 10 15 30 10 15 20 20% to less than 40% 12 12 12 7 10 16 16 14 19 12 20 10 10 16 6 8 13 40% to less than 60% 11 11 13 15 9 12 12 12 11 11 9 7 11 14 10 10 11 60% to less than 80% 11 11 12 11 13 11 8 14 11 12 13 8 11 7 11 12 9 80% to less than 100% 19 19 18 23 28 14 13 18 17 11 19 30 23 14 24 19 14 All 22 21 20 24 30 7 16 22 12 21 21 30 23 9 34 24 12 No answer 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Female proportion None at all 2 3 3 1 3 1 3 Less than 20% 27 27 26 23 31 25 33 20% to less than 40% 16 20 20 9 15 14 21 40% to less than 60% 16 18 21 14 18 15 16 60% to less than 80% 15 13 15 19 15 15 11 80% to less than 100% 21 14 13 29 14 26 16 All 4 3 1 4 4 4 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Skilled jobs None at all 4 2 9 2 3 6 5 Less than 20% 13 9 38 12 12 13 44 20% to less than 40% 9 11 20 7 7 9 16 40% to less than 60% 13 13 9 15 12 14 10 60% to less than 80% 13 11 6 18 10 14 8 80% to less than 100% 23 22 12 31 23 24 14 All 24 32 6 14 33 20 3 No answer 1 0 1 1 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM106: Have there been any of the following groups working in your establishment in the last 12 months?Question MM107: Does your establishment encounter any of the following problems?



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Groups of employees Fixed-term contracts or temporary contracts 58 57 42 41 51 35 69 70 48 52 43 72 26 89 80 74 50 Temporary agency workers 23 25 53 45 17 6 22 35 18 21 32 41 19 10 23 18 32 Freelancers 17 15 14 14 18 25 12 9 12 24 10 19 12 9 16 17 12 None of these 30 30 29 37 36 49 24 20 48 32 41 22 54 9 15 19 34 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 128 128 138 137 122 115 127 135 127 129 126 154 113 117 134 129 129 Employee-related problems High absenteeism and/or sickness rate 14 14 18 19 14 4 12 21 14 12 24 11 13 4 15 14 16 Difficulties in finding staff for skilled jobs 34 35 52 20 32 40 32 51 39 34 48 25 40 14 40 29 35 Difficulties in finding staff for low skilled or unskilled jobs 13 15 21 7 9 14 18 23 23 9 11 9 9 9 9 9 22 Difficulties in retaining staff 8 8 12 6 4 12 8 14 11 10 6 4 5 3 5 5 12 A need to reduce staff levels 16 17 12 23 33 11 6 13 14 12 11 21 9 10 13 18 9 Low motivation of staff 14 15 17 10 15 5 8 28 24 16 19 9 10 7 15 10 11 Other problems 7 7 8 3 14 2 1 12 2 2 4 9 3 4 9 9 3 No problems 40 39 24 46 35 44 47 25 39 42 32 43 45 61 37 43 42 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Total (Multiple responses) 149 150 165 133 156 133 132 186 167 136 154 132 134 113 143 136 151






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Groups of employees Fixed-term contracts or temporary contracts 66 92 27 47 48 63 67 Temporary agency workers 7 9 7 11 8 3 59 Freelancers 30 41 31 14 5 35 19 None of these 25 5 54 48 48 24 15 Don't know 0 0 1 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 128 146 119 120 110 126 159 Employee-related problems High absenteeism and/or sickness rate 12 25 9 15 10 7 23 Difficulties in finding staff for skilled jobs 27 35 54 53 25 23 33 Difficulties in finding staff for low skilled or unskilled jobs 6 9 32 18 6 3 22 Difficulties in retaining staff 9 10 19 17 6 8 5 A need to reduce staff levels 15 21 12 7 11 14 10 Low motivation of staff 13 17 12 15 10 13 10 Other problems 6 11 7 7 2 5 4 No problems 50 37 22 31 56 55 38 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 138 166 167 163 127 128 146



Question MM108: Are there any collective agreements related to working time applicable for some or all the employees in your establishment?



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Working time agreements Yes 60 64 63 69 71 61 77 77 44 40 43 73 58 44 87 90 50 No 39 35 35 30 29 39 22 23 56 60 56 27 39 55 12 9 46 No answer 1 1 2 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 3 1 0 1 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Working time agreements Yes 34 19 53 40 47 32 79 No 65 79 46 58 53 67 21 No answer 1 1 1 2 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM109: How long is the normal weekly working time for full-time staff according to the collective agreement/individual work contracts in your establishment?



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Weekly working hours Less than 30 hours 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 1 0 2 0 1 0 3 30 to less than 35 hours 1 1 0 2 1 0 1 1 3 1 1 0 0 1 1 4 35 hours 12 13 1 2 4 1 7 64 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 10 More than 35 to less than 40 hours 35 40 84 93 49 7 16 31 54 28 2 63 55 12 67 33 46 40 hours 45 38 13 2 36 88 72 1 29 66 93 32 33 81 26 63 24 More than 40 hours 5 5 1 1 7 3 3 2 6 2 5 5 5 2 1 3 12 No answer 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 4 0 2 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 38,6 38,5 38,2 37,0 39,0 39,9 39,2 36,2 38,6 38,9 40,3 38,3 39,1 39,6 38,0 39,3 38,6






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Weekly working hours Less than 30 hours 1 0 1 3 0 2 30 to less than 35 hours 1 1 0 1 0 1 35 hours 1 0 2 1 1 0 More than 35 to less than 40 hours 4 14 60 2 1 1 40 hours 87 73 30 85 94 91 97 More than 40 hours 5 12 9 4 3 3 2 No answer 1 0 0 4 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 39,8 40,0 39,1 39,5 40,0 39,7 40,1



Question MM110: How would you rate the economic situation of this establishment? Is it very good, quite good, quite bad or very bad?Question MM111: Has the total number of employees in your establishment increased, decreased or stayed about the same over the past three years?Question MM112: Does this establishment belong to the public sector?



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Economic situation Very good 16 16 18 27 6 18 20 20 30 11 17 11 24 23 23 18 25 Quite good 64 64 69 56 62 69 63 63 64 71 74 69 61 56 62 60 61 Quite bad 12 12 9 11 21 9 6 10 2 14 3 14 9 6 12 16 7 Very bad 2 2 1 3 4 2 1 2 1 2 0 1 1 1 2 4 1 No answer 6 6 3 3 7 1 11 5 3 2 5 4 6 15 1 2 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Size of workforce Increased 35 35 37 34 21 45 46 40 48 32 43 35 36 35 39 38 44 Decreased 23 23 24 22 32 18 14 21 14 25 13 25 20 22 19 32 13 Stayed about the same 42 41 39 42 46 37 38 39 38 42 45 40 44 42 42 29 40 No answer 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Public sector Yes 23 20 14 34 18 12 22 22 11 18 15 38 5 6 20 37 22 No 77 79 85 65 82 88 78 78 89 82 84 61 94 94 79 62 76 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Economic situation Very good 13 18 24 6 7 13 13 Quite good 68 71 62 71 66 68 72 Quite bad 12 7 5 17 17 12 9 Very bad 2 1 2 2 5 2 1 No answer 4 2 8 4 5 5 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Size of workforce Increased 31 37 40 36 21 31 49 Decreased 25 20 19 20 24 28 17 Stayed about the same 43 42 40 43 54 40 34 No answer 0 0 1 1 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Public sector Yes 36 41 13 29 12 43 27 No 63 57 87 69 87 55 73 No answer 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM113 (only asked in CZ, CY, LV, HU, PL, SI): Is this establishment predominantly or exclusively ...

Base: Respondents from CZ, CY, LV, HU, PL, SI not belonging to the public sector (MM112)


Base (unweighted) 3053 579 349 301 856 620 348 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 227 44 3 9 56 108 7 Ownership Domestic 90 85 94 78 87 93 89 Foreign 8 12 1 15 10 5 9 Equal parts / no majority ownership 2 2 4 3 3 1 2 Don't know 0 0 0 3 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM114 (only asked in CZ, LV, HU, PL, SI): Did this establishment already exist before 1989 (Latvia: 1991), in either it's present legal form or in another, or was it newly founded only since 1989/91?

Base: All respondents from CZ, LV, HU, PL, SI

Column percent Total Country (EU 6) CZ LV HU PL SI

Base (unweighted) 4080 950 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 352 75 13 64 190 10 Existance before 1989/91 Existed before 1989/91 46 31 40 40 53 48 Newly founded since 1989/91 54 68 59 59 46 52 Don't know 1 1 2 1 1 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM150: Does your establishment normally have to cope with major variations of the workload ...



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Variations of workload Within the same day 21 22 25 41 21 16 18 32 26 13 26 28 10 6 19 31 27 From day to day within a normal working week 33 36 35 46 37 24 28 49 27 26 42 39 20 13 33 51 39 Within a year, e.g. seasonal variations 47 48 51 52 51 63 29 71 47 35 60 41 46 47 55 50 40 None of these 29 26 31 26 19 21 37 17 39 33 27 30 32 33 21 20 30 No answer 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 6 0 1 2 Total (Multiple responses) 130 133 141 165 128 124 112 170 140 107 156 139 109 106 129 153 138






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Variations of workload Within the same day 8 14 23 14 6 5 19 From day to day within a normal working week 12 17 31 20 12 9 27 Within a year, e.g. seasonal variations 45 53 63 33 42 43 34 None of these 46 41 20 42 47 50 26 No answer 1 0 0 2 1 1 1 Total (Multiple responses) 112 125 137 111 108 108 108



Question MM151: Are these variations of the workload within a day or within a normal working week mostly foreseeable or not?Question MM152: Which of the following arrangements do you mostly use for coping with workload peaks within a day or within a normal working week?

Base: Respondents with major variations of the workload within the same day/from day to day (MM150a/MM150b)


Base (unweighted) 7420 6368 392 512 608 296 573 717 168 476 131 457 246 180 390 531 691 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1074 1017 21 28 253 18 86 186 8 106 2 46 15 15 13 39 181 Foreseeability of daily/weekly workload variations Mostly foreseeable 40 40 41 42 29 55 38 39 47 33 26 48 40 53 48 42 54 Mostly not foreseeable 42 42 43 38 56 39 45 35 33 47 49 40 46 35 33 39 29 Both of equal importance 17 17 16 19 15 6 16 26 17 20 24 11 13 12 18 19 13 No answer 1 1 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Arrangements mostly used for coping with daily/weekly workload peaks Asking regular staff to work more hours 65 65 60 70 74 60 39 58 63 67 60 68 70 36 78 60 72 Employing staff on call, agency workers or freelancers 24 24 37 28 23 11 25 32 18 14 20 36 13 6 33 26 20 Outsourcing tasks to other firms 17 16 33 11 18 6 18 22 7 9 31 30 9 5 23 13 12 Employing part-time staff for peak hours or peak days 23 23 15 13 34 12 13 19 28 4 14 21 17 3 21 38 33 Others 14 14 15 16 21 18 1 22 2 9 18 16 7 12 21 23 4 None 8 8 7 6 3 10 19 8 14 10 8 4 3 44 1 1 9 Don't know 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 0 No answer 1 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Total (Multiple responses) 151 152 167 144 172 117 123 162 131 112 152 175 122 105 178 161 150






Base (unweighted) 1052 190 151 173 164 152 222 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 58 17 1 4 10 22 4 Foreseeability of daily/weekly workload variations Mostly foreseeable 48 49 62 51 49 48 39 Mostly not foreseeable 33 22 29 31 38 40 34 Both of equal importance 17 27 9 18 10 12 27 No answer 1 1 1 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Arrangements mostly used for coping with daily/weekly workload peaks Asking regular staff to work more hours 64 79 71 55 63 53 69 Employing staff on call, agency workers or freelancers 17 30 10 14 9 6 42 Outsourcing tasks to other firms 19 36 13 12 9 13 16 Employing part-time staff for peak hours or peak days 10 15 27 9 5 8 4 Others 18 19 10 12 15 22 8 None 12 5 10 20 9 18 6 Don't know 0 2 No answer 0 0 0 1 Total (Multiple responses) 139 184 142 121 112 120 144



Question MM153: Are these variations of the workload within a year mostly foreseeable or not?Question MM154: Which of the following arrangements do you mostly use for coping with workload peaks within a year?

Base: Respondents with major variations of the workload within a year (MM150c)


Base (unweighted) 10153 8171 540 544 749 612 488 1050 250 534 206 421 476 538 571 509 683 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1266 1108 27 28 282 37 63 246 10 105 2 40 27 41 18 34 149 Foreseeability of annual variations Mostly foreseeable 68 67 68 73 64 84 67 60 73 59 60 79 74 81 74 73 76 Mostly not foreseeable 20 20 21 17 26 14 20 16 18 30 20 19 17 9 16 19 15 Both of equal importance 12 12 10 10 9 2 13 24 8 11 20 2 8 10 9 8 8 No answer 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Arrangements mostly used for coping with workload peaks within a year Asking regular staff to work more hours 63 64 49 70 80 59 31 57 64 59 59 69 68 37 72 57 72 Employing staff on call, agency workers or freelancers 29 30 52 27 25 18 44 39 21 17 42 51 22 23 32 30 26 Employing additional staff with fixed-term contracts 32 32 29 20 25 27 26 50 35 22 23 28 15 22 47 59 29 Outsourcing tasks to other firms 18 18 37 11 19 4 16 24 14 8 33 31 9 11 21 18 15 Asking staff to postpone holidays 27 27 28 5 56 7 11 24 12 7 26 18 22 5 34 19 18 Others 14 14 13 10 24 8 1 17 5 7 18 12 8 10 18 18 6 None 5 4 3 5 3 6 11 2 10 7 5 6 4 11 1 1 6 Don't know 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 188 190 210 149 232 130 144 212 161 126 208 215 147 120 226 202 172






Base (unweighted) 1982 479 244 189 423 471 176 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 158 40 2 4 27 81 3 Foreseeability of annual variations Mostly foreseeable 71 76 81 73 65 71 67 Mostly not foreseeable 18 11 15 15 23 19 24 Both of equal importance 11 13 4 13 12 9 8 No answer 1 0 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Arrangements mostly used for coping with workload peaks within a year Asking regular staff to work more hours 58 85 75 52 57 45 68 Employing staff on call, agency workers or freelancers 20 46 19 10 15 8 33 Employing additional staff with fixed-term contracts 30 29 27 20 16 36 33 Outsourcing tasks to other firms 21 33 10 18 13 19 17 Asking staff to postpone holidays 24 31 16 24 25 21 8 Others 12 9 5 13 15 12 6 None 6 2 4 13 6 7 3 Don't know 1 0 1 No answer 0 1 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 172 236 158 151 148 150 169



Question MM200: Approximately what proportion of your employees work part-time?



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Part-time proportion None at all 36 36 25 28 21 84 61 36 34 51 47 11 26 87 47 20 24 Less than 20% 39 38 51 46 42 14 31 46 38 40 42 34 51 11 39 45 31 20% to less than 40% 11 11 16 11 17 1 3 10 16 5 9 25 15 1 6 15 13 40% to less than 60% 6 6 3 6 10 1 2 4 3 1 2 9 4 1 3 9 12 60% to less than 80% 4 5 3 3 5 0 1 2 6 1 0 10 2 0 3 5 11 80% to less than 100% 2 3 1 5 3 0 1 1 2 1 8 1 0 2 4 6 All 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 2 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Part-time proportion None at all 39 46 69 45 55 28 68 Less than 20% 49 47 23 42 38 54 31 20% to less than 40% 8 3 5 5 3 11 1 40% to less than 60% 3 1 1 3 1 4 60% to less than 80% 1 2 0 1 1 80% to less than 100% 1 0 1 2 1 1 All 0 0 2 0 0 Don't know 0 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM201: There are different ways of organizing part-time work. Please tell me which of the following forms of part-time work are practised in your establishment.

Base: Respondents with part-time workers (MM200)


Base (unweighted) 13404 10798 779 752 1277 204 726 1087 328 882 208 920 806 193 629 846 1161 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1700 1484 39 38 434 9 85 222 15 148 2 86 42 11 17 54 282 Forms of part-time work Some fixed hours every day 69 68 66 72 72 69 66 64 63 85 75 58 60 63 37 66 66 Other fixed cycles, e.g. some fixed days of the week in full-time, the other days off 38 41 61 50 42 16 17 50 44 16 50 74 28 17 59 60 39 Flexible working hours which are fixed a few days or hours in advance according to the establishment's needs 27 28 18 15 39 26 12 21 26 7 28 25 31 14 24 22 38 Other forms of part-time work 7 8 10 6 9 2 10 13 11 3 7 9 3 6 25 11 3 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 Total (Multiple responses) 142 146 156 144 161 114 108 149 146 113 160 166 123 103 146 159 148






Base (unweighted) 2606 598 117 319 517 820 235 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 216 40 1 7 28 136 3 Forms of part-time work Some fixed hours every day 74 80 67 45 79 72 83 Other fixed cycles, e.g. some fixed days of the week in full-time, the other days off 16 12 34 25 12 18 4 Flexible working hours which are fixed a few days or hours in advance according to the establishment's needs 16 25 40 39 13 13 10 Other forms of part-time work 5 6 11 7 2 4 6 Don't know 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 No answer 0 0 1 1 0 2 Total (Multiple responses) 112 123 154 118 107 109 105



Question MM203: Did you introduce part-time work mainly in order to meet economic or organisational needs of the establishment or in order to meet employees' wishes for shorter working hours?Question MM204: About what proportion of your part-timers are men?



Base (unweighted) 13404 10798 779 752 1277 204 726 1087 328 882 208 920 806 193 629 846 1161 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1700 1484 39 38 434 9 85 222 15 148 2 86 42 11 17 54 282 Reasons for introducing part-time work Mainly the needs of the establishment 34 31 15 19 39 71 45 29 29 16 21 13 28 35 36 24 35 Mainly the wishes of the employees 39 41 58 48 34 15 29 45 46 63 51 62 40 24 43 53 30 Both of equal importance 21 22 21 30 23 13 14 17 24 17 19 22 28 37 18 17 29 Mainly because of other reasons 5 4 4 1 3 1 9 9 0 3 4 3 3 3 3 5 3 Don't know 1 1 1 1 1 3 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0 1 1 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Proportion of male part-timers None at all 55 57 50 58 64 34 45 69 56 68 61 47 63 30 38 52 44 Less than 20% 24 23 32 23 21 27 24 15 16 21 31 28 24 50 15 22 29 20% to less than 40% 5 5 6 6 4 5 6 4 6 1 3 8 3 2 10 7 8 40% to less than 60% 7 7 3 7 4 15 9 5 12 5 3 7 7 8 13 10 11 60% to less than 80% 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 2 4 2 2 80% to less than 100% 2 2 3 1 1 9 4 2 2 1 3 2 3 6 2 2 All 5 4 4 2 4 7 9 4 6 3 1 4 2 3 15 5 2 No answer 1 1 0 2 0 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2606 598 117 319 517 820 235 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 216 40 1 7 28 136 3 Reasons for introducing part-time work Mainly the needs of the establishment 56 38 60 46 40 66 24 Mainly the wishes of the employees 23 36 13 29 26 18 31 Both of equal importance 13 16 20 14 25 10 7 Mainly because of other reasons 7 10 6 7 8 5 37 Don't know 1 2 1 1 No answer 0 0 2 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Proportion of male part-timers None at all 38 56 20 39 47 30 43 Less than 20% 30 26 42 33 24 32 31 20% to less than 40% 5 2 5 5 5 6 3 40% to less than 60% 10 5 17 8 7 12 4 60% to less than 80% 3 1 1 2 3 5 0 80% to less than 100% 4 2 2 6 7 4 6 All 10 8 11 5 8 12 11 No answer 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM205: Which of the following groups are found among the part-time staff in your establishment?Question MM207: If a part-timer wants a full-time job: Which of the following statements best describes the situation in your establishment?



Base (unweighted) 13404 10798 779 752 1277 204 726 1087 328 882 208 920 806 193 629 846 1161 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1700 1484 39 38 434 9 85 222 15 148 2 86 42 11 17 54 282 Part-timers are ... Mothers with pre-school and school-age children 65 70 72 74 68 37 53 76 70 72 81 78 74 12 40 74 72 Women without children or mothers with grown-up children 51 55 47 66 63 55 32 45 60 29 39 71 40 6 57 69 65 Fathers 21 21 31 21 17 29 19 20 20 8 24 36 11 7 26 30 31 People who take care of elderly, ill or disabled family relatives 9 10 9 7 14 1 5 4 14 4 7 5 3 0 6 8 18 Students or pupils 18 20 12 27 15 29 20 15 46 7 13 20 12 38 39 21 38 Disabled persons or workers with poor health 17 17 9 29 20 1 4 16 17 10 14 20 7 0 13 34 18 Young people early in their working lives 20 22 15 21 16 35 24 19 29 7 16 31 10 9 24 16 39 Others 12 9 16 3 14 4 2 9 1 8 5 9 9 35 23 6 4 Don't know 1 1 0 2 0 2 5 0 1 1 1 0 2 6 2 0 2 No answer 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 0 1 Total (Multiple responses) 216 225 212 250 227 193 165 204 259 147 200 271 170 117 229 258 288 Change from part-time into full-time He or she usually gets an appr. full-time job quickly 27 28 40 24 15 21 34 34 29 42 33 22 34 35 27 34 31 He or she has to wait for some time 26 27 22 30 27 33 26 28 39 25 32 31 25 11 29 31 27 It would be possible only exceptionally 18 18 9 21 23 13 9 18 16 13 13 13 15 18 18 15 18 There is practically no chance 18 16 11 13 28 8 11 14 6 8 10 19 12 7 16 13 9 Not applicable, has never happened 9 9 15 11 6 24 16 5 10 10 9 13 11 28 8 4 9 No answer 2 3 2 1 2 2 3 1 0 2 3 2 3 1 1 2 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2606 598 117 319 517 820 235 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 216 40 1 7 28 136 3 Part-timers are ... Mothers with pre-school and school-age children 29 46 36 32 31 23 19 Women without children or mothers with grown-up children 28 31 27 22 20 29 11 Fathers 17 9 33 17 12 20 6 People who take care of elderly, ill or disabled family relatives 3 3 2 3 4 3 1 Students or pupils 6 9 41 16 7 5 1 Disabled persons or workers with poor health 20 42 8 6 30 12 56 Young people early in their working lives 13 7 13 11 5 16 6 Others 30 20 9 32 26 34 22 Don't know 2 1 9 3 2 3 No answer 1 0 2 2 1 2 1 Total (Multiple responses) 150 170 181 146 138 147 123 Change from part-time into full-time He or she usually gets an appr. full-time job quickly 24 48 45 31 21 17 17 He or she has to wait for some time 14 12 26 17 12 15 10 It would be possible only exceptionally 18 15 16 11 12 21 14 There is practically no chance 33 18 3 23 24 39 37 Not applicable, has never happened 10 8 9 14 28 7 16 No answer 2 1 1 3 3 2 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM208: And suppose a full-time employee wanted to go part-time: Which of the following statements best describes the situation in your establishment when the employee is doing a skilled job?Question MM209: And what is the situation if the person is doing a low skilled or unskilled job?



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Change from full-time into part-time in skilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 23 24 27 26 22 7 19 25 22 14 15 36 26 7 18 37 39 He or she has to wait for some time 18 19 25 23 23 4 14 18 19 23 16 22 17 3 29 30 16 It would be possible only exceptionally 23 22 18 20 27 9 18 23 17 25 23 19 22 9 28 13 20 There is practically no chance 18 18 18 13 21 15 19 26 18 19 26 13 17 21 19 9 9 Not applicable, has never happened 15 15 8 15 6 65 28 7 23 17 18 7 16 57 6 10 12 No answer 2 2 3 2 1 0 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from full-time into part-time in unskilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 24 24 30 17 22 8 18 32 27 18 17 22 20 9 28 38 35 He or she has to wait for some time 15 16 17 13 14 6 15 18 17 22 21 12 10 5 26 21 15 It would be possible only exceptionally 16 15 15 15 16 9 16 18 15 18 13 13 16 9 19 9 15 There is practically no chance 17 16 16 12 23 13 16 19 11 18 19 14 21 14 11 6 7 Not applicable, has never happened 25 25 22 37 24 63 32 11 28 21 25 36 31 61 11 25 22 No answer 3 3 1 6 1 0 3 2 2 3 4 4 3 2 5 2 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Change from full-time into part-time in skilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 19 26 11 19 12 18 13 He or she has to wait for some time 14 15 7 15 6 16 8 It would be possible only exceptionally 30 29 23 26 17 34 27 There is practically no chance 21 14 20 21 29 20 31 Not applicable, has never happened 16 15 38 16 34 9 17 No answer 2 1 0 3 1 2 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from full-time into part-time in unskilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 21 31 10 17 9 23 10 He or she has to wait for some time 12 11 12 15 3 15 10 It would be possible only exceptionally 18 19 17 13 10 20 20 There is practically no chance 21 14 19 21 30 21 30 Not applicable, has never happened 25 24 42 25 44 19 24 No answer 3 2 0 9 4 3 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM210: Are part-timers more or less motivated than full-timers when carrying out their work? Or is there no difference?Question MM211: What about the promotion prospects of part-timers in this establishment? Are their promotion prospects ...Question MM212: Does part-time work make it easier or more complicated to organise work within your establishment? Or is there no difference?



Base (unweighted) 13404 10798 779 752 1277 204 726 1087 328 882 208 920 806 193 629 846 1161 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1700 1484 39 38 434 9 85 222 15 148 2 86 42 11 17 54 282 Motivation of part-time workers More motivated 10 11 8 6 16 8 11 6 11 10 9 10 15 12 10 8 10 Less motivated 9 9 9 5 8 22 8 11 14 9 9 10 7 3 18 7 9 No difference 79 78 81 85 75 68 76 82 74 79 79 77 75 79 67 82 79 Don't know 1 1 1 2 1 0 5 1 0 1 2 2 2 5 4 3 1 No answer 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Promotion prospects of part-time workers Better than those of a full-timer with comparable qual. 1 1 1 0 1 1 3 1 1 1 0 1 4 2 1 0 2 About the same 61 60 57 54 50 54 67 72 47 59 59 60 56 62 54 64 69 Slightly worse 16 17 22 19 17 21 16 15 26 25 19 20 19 16 22 17 14 Significantly worse 11 11 14 11 19 19 4 11 15 9 17 6 9 4 14 6 4 Don't know 5 4 4 8 4 2 10 1 9 3 4 3 5 14 6 7 3 No answer 6 6 3 8 9 2 1 1 2 2 1 10 6 2 3 6 9 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Part-time makes work organisation Easier 19 20 11 17 30 53 14 10 25 9 12 9 24 7 33 19 23 More complicated 29 31 51 25 25 10 26 43 27 35 40 56 19 32 36 33 22 No difference 49 47 37 55 44 37 54 46 48 53 45 34 54 56 29 47 52 Don't know 1 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 2 0 1 2 4 2 0 1 No answer 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 1 1 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2606 598 117 319 517 820 235 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 216 40 1 7 28 136 3 Motivation of part-time workers More motivated 4 5 2 7 3 4 5 Less motivated 9 8 28 16 5 10 15 No difference 84 85 70 74 88 84 75 Don't know 2 2 0 2 3 2 4 No answer 1 0 1 1 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Promotion prospects of part-time workers Better than those of a full-timer with comparable qual. 2 1 1 2 2 2 About the same 66 63 30 63 53 70 63 Slightly worse 9 14 27 14 5 8 14 Significantly worse 7 9 16 6 8 6 8 Don't know 10 8 11 6 19 8 6 No answer 6 4 15 9 12 5 9 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Part-time makes work organisation Easier 16 8 70 12 15 18 11 More complicated 16 18 13 29 5 17 43 No difference 66 73 14 57 74 63 44 Don't know 1 1 1 2 1 1 No answer 1 0 4 1 3 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM250: Are there any employees in your establishment who are regularly required to work ...



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Unusual working hours At night between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. 19 18 20 20 16 12 20 22 16 13 17 15 18 14 16 19 26 On Saturdays 38 39 40 31 41 32 27 49 51 31 41 31 35 25 34 36 53 On Sundays 24 24 23 25 24 18 17 23 24 15 25 21 20 8 26 31 41 None of these 57 56 55 66 57 64 66 46 45 65 54 67 59 62 62 61 43 Don't know 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 5 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 139 138 138 142 138 127 130 140 137 123 139 134 134 114 139 147 163






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Unusual working hours At night between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. 22 21 24 32 17 23 20 On Saturdays 30 34 52 56 27 28 37 On Sundays 22 25 27 48 18 20 25 None of these 65 60 46 41 69 67 59 Don't know 0 0 0 0 1 No answer 0 0 1 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 139 140 150 176 131 138 142



Question MM251: Roughly what proportion of your employees is required to work at night?

Base: Respondents where employees are required to work at night (MM250a)


Base (unweighted) 6285 4734 295 355 390 237 543 525 145 342 63 245 276 206 302 282 528 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 506 429 11 10 88 7 43 77 4 40 1 14 10 12 5 13 95 Proportion work at night Less than 20% 50 50 60 51 41 79 68 52 59 41 46 53 47 67 36 43 47 20% to less than 40% 21 20 14 12 25 10 14 21 18 17 25 19 23 21 16 27 22 40% to less than 60% 12 11 11 9 21 4 6 10 5 12 10 5 10 3 16 10 10 60% to less than 80% 6 6 5 7 7 4 2 5 6 10 3 6 2 4 11 6 6 80% to less than 100% 4 4 5 8 2 0 3 3 2 5 7 13 14 1 11 9 5 All 6 7 5 11 5 1 5 8 9 16 9 1 2 0 9 5 8 No answer 1 1 0 3 0 2 2 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 1 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1551 363 100 253 252 440 143 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 77 16 1 4 11 43 2 Proportion work at night Less than 20% 53 43 67 74 51 55 51 20% to less than 40% 22 24 22 12 24 21 28 40% to less than 60% 13 18 4 7 12 12 10 60% to less than 80% 7 10 2 3 5 6 7 80% to less than 100% 3 4 1 2 4 0 All 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 No answer 1 0 1 2 2 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM253: Roughly what proportion of your employees is required to work on Saturdays?

Base: Respondents with employees required to work on Saturdays (MM250b)


Base (unweighted) 8667 6771 422 395 623 356 544 770 282 553 144 373 392 314 393 369 841 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1025 917 21 16 224 19 58 170 11 93 2 31 20 21 11 24 196 Proportion work on Saturdays Less than 20% 34 32 41 32 28 46 51 31 34 31 37 48 35 55 26 29 27 20% to less than 40% 18 17 14 9 21 18 16 15 18 17 20 17 15 17 17 13 16 40% to less than 60% 13 13 17 9 16 11 10 11 9 9 14 10 14 7 16 10 14 60% to less than 80% 8 8 9 9 9 8 5 6 13 7 6 7 7 4 10 7 9 80% to less than 100% 9 10 11 14 6 9 7 12 9 8 11 13 12 4 11 17 11 All 18 19 8 25 18 8 9 25 15 27 11 2 12 9 19 25 20 No answer 1 1 0 2 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 3 4 3 0 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1896 434 212 317 286 437 210 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 107 26 1 7 17 52 4 Proportion work on Saturdays Less than 20% 45 39 34 56 42 48 48 20% to less than 40% 21 24 20 17 20 21 16 40% to less than 60% 14 16 10 15 15 13 15 60% to less than 80% 6 7 5 5 4 6 7 80% to less than 100% 6 6 10 3 11 5 7 All 7 8 20 3 6 8 5 No answer 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM254: And what is the rough proportion of those who are required to work on Sundays?

Base: Respondents with employees required to work on Sundays (MM250c)


Base (unweighted) 6133 4617 256 352 428 234 413 443 158 318 93 246 250 101 334 339 652 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 630 553 12 13 133 11 37 78 5 44 1 20 11 7 9 21 150 Proportion work on Sundays Less than 20% 36 34 50 33 26 59 55 35 34 32 51 46 38 51 27 28 31 20% to less than 40% 18 18 15 9 21 17 9 14 13 18 11 18 12 13 18 16 20 40% to less than 60% 13 13 18 9 17 9 10 13 11 11 13 9 13 18 18 10 12 60% to less than 80% 7 7 2 9 8 8 6 6 7 9 7 6 5 2 9 6 8 80% to less than 100% 9 10 7 11 10 2 10 10 9 6 12 13 15 3 12 18 9 All 15 16 8 26 16 7 10 20 24 22 7 4 14 13 15 22 17 No answer 2 2 0 3 1 1 1 2 3 5 4 0 1 0 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1516 358 114 288 221 378 157 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 78 18 1 6 11 39 2 Proportion work on Sundays Less than 20% 51 46 51 60 46 53 57 20% to less than 40% 19 21 15 17 26 16 16 40% to less than 60% 13 15 8 11 13 14 11 60% to less than 80% 6 6 7 6 6 6 6 80% to less than 100% 6 6 9 3 4 6 3 All 5 5 8 3 3 5 4 No answer 1 0 1 1 2 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM255: Are there any employees in your establishment whose working hours change regularly due to the nature of their jobs, e.g. within a shift system or a comparable working time regime?



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Employees with changing working hours Yes 23 22 22 18 28 18 16 27 17 18 22 13 18 15 32 30 22 No 76 77 78 81 72 82 84 73 83 82 77 87 80 85 68 69 77 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Employees with changing working hours Yes 29 25 16 38 22 32 26 No 71 75 84 61 78 68 74 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM256: Roughly what proportion of your employees has such changing working hours?Question MM257: How much notice are these employees normally given when they have to work?Question MM259: Suppose one of the shift-workers did not want to work in shifts any longer and would ask to do an equivalent job during the "usual" working hours. Which of the following statements best describes the situation in your establishment?

Base: Respondents with employees whose working hours change regularly (MM255)


Base (unweighted) 6309 4701 295 241 575 252 351 558 102 370 72 196 303 220 433 383 350 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 623 522 11 9 156 10 34 93 4 55 1 13 11 13 10 21 82 Proportion with changing working hours Less than 20% 25 25 19 28 22 28 36 23 34 37 27 23 30 5 13 18 27 20% to less than 40% 19 19 20 14 19 27 19 16 15 17 8 26 22 30 17 14 20 40% to less than 60% 15 14 19 17 18 11 10 14 13 6 18 12 13 28 21 13 13 60% to less than 80% 13 13 10 4 15 6 11 15 9 6 12 13 8 13 16 12 14 80% to less than 100% 12 12 16 12 12 17 10 13 11 9 14 15 16 7 14 21 10 All 15 16 15 25 14 11 13 19 18 20 21 10 8 8 19 21 14 No answer 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 5 1 2 9 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Notification period Less than 1 day 7 8 12 6 1 3 11 11 7 15 5 9 4 12 1 3 15 1 to 3 days 10 10 27 13 8 20 9 7 14 14 19 15 6 18 3 3 12 4 days to less than 2 weeks 24 25 27 10 28 26 17 26 43 27 29 22 24 12 13 7 28 2 weeks to less than 1 month 17 18 7 8 19 7 9 26 18 11 10 13 18 19 43 12 20 1 month or more 35 33 23 49 43 40 41 26 8 26 33 32 42 31 38 70 10 Don't know 3 3 1 5 1 2 8 1 0 4 3 2 3 8 1 2 7 No answer 3 3 3 9 0 2 6 2 9 3 1 7 4 0 1 3 8 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from shift to normal working hours He/she gets an appr. job during usual work. hours quickly 10 10 13 7 5 9 12 10 16 13 10 2 13 19 5 6 16 He/she has to wait for some time 15 15 16 13 11 6 15 15 14 16 17 26 22 18 18 19 20 It would be possible only exceptionally 26 25 23 20 30 35 24 27 13 24 16 27 19 11 37 18 17 There is practically no chance 35 36 35 28 51 21 19 41 34 28 34 26 24 18 35 38 20 Not applicable, has never happened 11 12 11 26 2 29 27 7 20 17 23 18 14 33 3 15 18 No answer 2 2 1 7 0 3 0 3 3 1 0 8 1 2 4 8 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1608 335 77 244 302 496 154 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 101 19 0 5 14 61 3 Proportion with changing working hours Less than 20% 25 27 19 45 25 23 28 20% to less than 40% 18 15 44 14 16 19 18 40% to less than 60% 21 22 6 15 20 22 11 60% to less than 80% 15 17 15 11 20 13 15 80% to less than 100% 12 10 6 12 11 12 17 All 8 7 11 3 6 9 10 No answer 1 1 0 2 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Notification period Less than 1 day 3 5 18 2 2 2 10 1 to 3 days 10 13 19 9 10 8 24 4 days to less than 2 weeks 21 23 37 12 22 20 25 2 weeks to less than 1 month 14 13 1 17 12 14 10 1 month or more 50 45 20 54 52 52 29 Don't know 1 1 5 2 1 2 No answer 2 0 4 1 1 3 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from shift to normal working hours He/she gets an appr. job during usual work. hours quickly 12 12 5 10 11 12 9 He/she has to wait for some time 13 15 18 18 7 13 8 It would be possible only exceptionally 31 33 24 18 29 33 32 There is practically no chance 34 35 34 38 30 35 38 Not applicable, has never happened 8 5 19 13 20 6 10 No answer 2 0 3 3 2 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM300: Does your establishment offer employees the possibility to adapt - within certain limits - the time when they begin or finish their daily work according to their personal needs or wishes?



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Flexible working time arrangements Yes 48 48 38 51 51 29 43 48 55 40 46 44 52 23 62 65 56 No 51 51 60 47 49 71 56 51 45 60 52 55 47 73 37 35 41 No answer 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 3 0 2 4 0 0 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Flexible working time arrangements Yes 51 54 17 65 36 55 38 No 48 46 82 35 62 45 60 No answer 1 0 1 0 2 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM302: Roughly what proportion of the employees is entitled to make use of flexible working hours?Question MM303: What was the rationale for the introduction of flexible working hours?

Base: Respondents with flexible working hours (MM300)


Base (unweighted) 10220 8119 388 596 858 280 670 715 287 620 159 473 582 299 676 693 823 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1286 1105 20 27 282 17 93 168 12 120 2 43 30 20 20 44 207 Proportion flexible working hours Less than 20% 22 20 25 14 14 38 30 19 21 28 32 18 16 8 8 7 22 20% to less than 40% 12 11 12 6 12 24 12 12 14 10 15 12 14 36 10 9 8 40% to less than 60% 8 8 10 7 9 6 7 9 6 8 10 8 8 7 9 5 8 60% to less than 80% 5 5 6 2 6 3 3 7 10 4 3 10 6 7 5 4 5 80% to less than 100% 8 8 6 12 9 9 7 8 8 4 5 11 11 4 13 10 9 All 41 43 39 48 51 20 36 41 39 43 35 38 41 20 55 61 37 No answer 5 5 1 12 0 5 5 2 4 0 4 4 18 1 4 12 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Rationale for introduction of flexible working hours To reduce paid overtime hours 14 15 13 8 26 3 5 19 9 8 22 10 18 8 12 11 9 To make working hours more adaptable to variations in workloads 47 49 45 41 69 33 28 60 44 26 54 36 45 42 49 42 44 To enable employees to better combine work and family or personal life 68 70 73 69 78 74 65 80 74 68 82 66 54 47 70 71 61 To cope with commuting problems 22 20 34 14 34 16 5 19 29 9 31 30 13 5 21 16 16 Other reasons 9 9 13 4 10 5 8 12 8 4 14 12 8 9 15 7 7 Don't know 3 3 2 4 1 0 3 2 1 2 3 5 3 3 8 8 No answer 2 2 1 13 0 0 3 1 2 2 0 4 4 3 1 4 4 Total (Multiple responses) 166 169 181 153 218 132 117 192 168 120 204 161 149 115 171 159 150






Base (unweighted) 2101 531 69 325 399 592 185 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 180 40 1 8 23 104 4 Proportion flexible working hours Less than 20% 38 32 43 33 44 39 23 20% to less than 40% 14 18 10 15 13 13 16 40% to less than 60% 9 11 13 5 10 8 7 60% to less than 80% 5 9 1 4 4 3 6 80% to less than 100% 5 7 1 10 6 3 11 All 26 21 23 23 16 30 36 No answer 4 1 8 8 7 4 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Rationale for introduction of flexible working hours To reduce paid overtime hours 9 14 4 3 5 8 9 To make working hours more adaptable to variations in workloads 34 54 37 31 44 24 58 To enable employees to better combine work and family or personal life 55 66 58 57 46 52 43 To cope with commuting problems 34 49 3 6 11 35 20 Other reasons 14 15 17 15 7 15 22 Don't know 2 2 1 3 5 1 1 No answer 3 2 5 4 3 1 Total (Multiple responses) 151 201 119 121 122 140 154



Question MM304: What would you say? Which of the following effects have resulted from the introduction of flexible working hours in your establishment?Question MM305: Does this system of flexible working hours allow employees to accumulate hours, i.e. is it possible to work longer on some days and to compensate this later by working less on other days?



Base (unweighted) 10220 8119 388 596 858 280 670 715 287 620 159 473 582 299 676 693 823 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1286 1105 20 27 282 17 93 168 12 120 2 43 30 20 20 44 207 Effects of flexible working hours A reduction of paid overtime hours 22 23 19 14 41 5 5 27 19 10 20 13 25 7 38 34 15 A better adaptation of working hours to the workloads 54 55 55 44 73 51 37 65 47 30 67 44 46 50 68 54 49 Lower absenteeism 27 28 28 17 41 30 10 21 40 15 22 24 19 8 24 32 35 Higher degree of job satisfaction 61 63 73 67 80 55 50 58 60 53 63 73 58 42 74 77 50 Other positive effects 20 21 22 28 27 7 9 23 15 7 26 21 19 8 22 25 24 Problems of internal and external communication due to varied working times 10 11 14 5 16 4 1 16 3 2 10 16 4 2 17 13 10 Increased costs 5 6 7 5 6 1 0 12 3 3 10 8 2 1 3 3 6 Other negative effects 4 4 4 4 5 3 1 7 1 1 2 7 1 0 6 6 4 Don't know 5 5 2 9 3 2 8 1 5 8 3 5 8 9 4 10 9 No answer 5 5 2 14 0 2 2 7 3 5 4 8 6 2 1 5 10 Total (Multiple responses) 214 220 227 207 292 160 122 237 196 133 229 218 187 128 258 258 212 Accumulation of hours Yes 67 66 62 79 88 39 50 67 54 49 74 64 86 50 91 83 50 No 30 31 37 9 12 61 47 32 43 48 25 32 13 46 7 12 43 No answer 3 3 1 12 3 2 3 3 0 4 2 4 2 4 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2101 531 69 325 399 592 185 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 180 40 1 8 23 104 4 Effects of flexible working hours A reduction of paid overtime hours 12 20 12 8 7 10 16 A better adaptation of working hours to the workloads 48 71 48 35 52 39 65 Lower absenteeism 23 26 26 21 24 21 22 Higher degree of job satisfaction 53 59 45 54 57 49 58 Other positive effects 19 27 12 17 6 18 21 Problems of internal and external communication due to varied working times 6 8 8 1 1 6 7 Increased costs 3 4 1 1 3 3 Other negative effects 2 2 2 2 0 3 3 Don't know 6 2 8 6 5 8 2 No answer 5 3 7 9 6 5 4 Total (Multiple responses) 176 223 168 153 159 163 201 Accumulation of hours Yes 70 83 49 62 61 68 75 No 25 15 48 30 35 27 23 No answer 4 2 3 9 4 5 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM306a: Is it possible for employees to use accumulated hours for full days off?

Base: Respondents with flexible working hours and the possibility of accumulation of hours (MM300/MM305)


Base (unweighted) 7143 5693 238 495 789 82 337 517 171 298 124 317 523 172 625 610 395 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 861 734 12 22 247 7 47 112 7 59 1 28 25 10 19 37 103 Accumulated hours for full days off Yes 79 79 79 93 86 15 56 77 83 68 82 81 94 71 80 84 76 No 20 20 20 6 14 85 43 23 17 30 18 18 6 28 19 15 21 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1450 439 35 199 238 401 138 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 127 34 0 5 14 71 3 Accumulated hours for full days off Yes 77 67 52 70 70 84 78 No 22 32 48 29 30 15 20 No answer 1 0 2 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM306b: And is it possible as well to accumulate time for longer periods of leave, such as a week or more?

Base: Respondents with flexible working hours and the possibility to use accumulated hours for full days off (MM300/MM306a)


Base (unweighted) 5588 4535 175 459 708 16 186 388 140 207 101 246 498 106 496 507 302 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 679 581 10 20 213 1 26 86 6 40 1 22 24 7 15 31 79 Accumulated hours for longer periods of leave Yes 51 53 56 67 54 49 56 48 39 42 58 66 68 31 49 60 49 No 47 45 43 32 46 51 43 52 61 55 38 30 31 62 51 38 45 No answer 2 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 3 3 4 1 7 0 2 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1053 275 17 144 168 340 109 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 98 23 0 4 10 60 2 Accumulated hours for longer periods of leave Yes 38 35 48 48 38 39 36 No 59 62 52 47 57 59 57 No answer 3 3 6 5 3 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM350: Roughly what proportion of your employees have worked any overtime - whether paid or unpaid - since the beginning of this year?



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Proportion working overtime Nobody 24 22 28 15 13 47 36 26 13 22 16 21 13 42 16 13 20 Less than 20% 26 25 36 22 20 33 28 28 19 32 36 24 23 27 29 27 19 20% to less than 40% 14 14 13 8 17 10 10 13 19 16 20 17 15 11 16 13 11 40% to less than 60% 10 10 9 14 14 3 6 7 14 9 12 10 11 3 15 14 10 60% to less than 80% 6 6 4 4 9 3 3 5 11 5 4 6 8 4 6 5 8 80% to less than 100% 6 7 2 7 8 2 4 6 8 4 5 5 9 3 6 8 12 All 11 12 5 24 17 1 8 12 15 11 5 7 13 3 11 15 15 Impossible to say, overtime hours are def. by end of year 1 1 1 3 1 0 2 1 0 1 2 2 3 1 0 0 1 Don't know 2 2 1 3 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 6 2 5 2 3 3 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Proportion working overtime Nobody 39 15 28 53 56 43 22 Less than 20% 29 37 35 24 23 27 36 20% to less than 40% 12 18 14 8 8 11 13 40% to less than 60% 8 12 9 4 3 7 11 60% to less than 80% 4 7 3 2 2 4 5 80% to less than 100% 2 4 4 1 1 2 3 All 4 7 6 4 2 3 7 Impossible to say, overtime hours are def. by end of year 1 0 0 1 2 1 1 Don't know 1 1 0 1 2 2 1 No answer 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM351: Are overtime hours in your establishment worked only exceptionally, e.g. when there is an unforeseeable or unusual increase in the workload? Or are there employees who regularly work overtime hours because they otherwise cannot get their work done?

Base: Respondents with employees working overtime (MM350)


Base (unweighted) 16493 13417 769 907 1364 626 1036 1178 449 1237 307 842 883 710 906 915 1288 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2014 1798 37 45 477 31 139 256 20 236 3 76 48 50 27 58 295 Forms of overtime work Only exceptionally 64 63 66 54 59 80 82 63 59 74 63 52 44 83 76 75 51 Regularly 20 21 22 28 18 11 11 21 32 15 20 36 33 7 8 12 31 Both forms 14 15 11 17 22 8 5 15 6 11 15 10 22 8 15 12 13 Don't know 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 3 No answer 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 3076 840 288 284 528 742 394 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 216 64 2 6 28 109 8 Forms of overtime work Only exceptionally 72 71 64 68 69 73 77 Regularly 16 8 17 16 17 20 10 Both forms 11 21 16 12 11 5 13 Don't know 1 0 1 2 1 0 No answer 1 0 3 2 1 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM352: Of those who work overtime, how many regularly work overtime hours because they otherwise cannot get their work done? Is it practically all? Or most of them? Or some or very few only?

Base: Respondents with employees regularly working overtime (MM351)


Base (unweighted) 5717 4847 263 438 605 115 156 408 193 362 100 392 534 149 216 284 632 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 691 634 12 20 191 6 23 92 7 61 1 35 26 8 6 13 131 Proportion regular overtime work Practically all 19 19 22 24 15 19 28 26 25 20 14 28 26 3 20 8 14 Most 20 20 27 16 24 21 22 19 9 17 14 21 33 32 14 17 13 Some 26 26 25 18 33 30 21 23 15 29 25 35 23 25 31 34 15 Very few only 28 27 23 23 25 24 20 29 32 26 38 13 13 19 28 36 39 Don't know 3 3 1 2 2 3 8 0 13 4 2 1 2 20 3 3 5 No answer 5 5 2 17 1 3 2 3 5 5 6 1 3 0 3 2 15 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 870 279 89 77 190 146 89 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 57 18 1 2 8 27 2 Proportion regular overtime work Practically all 17 8 33 21 14 23 12 Most 14 11 18 13 25 13 29 Some 28 40 22 19 33 19 27 Very few only 35 39 20 44 24 36 28 Don't know 2 1 3 2 3 3 2 No answer 4 1 5 1 1 7 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM354: Are those who have to work overtime hours normally selected by their superiors or is there usually a search for volunteers?



Base (unweighted) 16493 13417 769 907 1364 626 1036 1178 449 1237 307 842 883 710 906 915 1288 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2014 1798 37 45 477 31 139 256 20 236 3 76 48 50 27 58 295 Choice of overtime workers Selected 23 22 19 14 22 57 26 16 32 30 18 22 19 31 9 19 18 Volunteers 44 45 48 56 44 20 49 44 48 35 51 46 41 29 68 62 54 Both 29 28 28 27 30 22 20 36 14 34 26 16 35 36 17 15 20 Don't know 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 4 2 4 3 2 3 No answer 3 3 3 1 3 1 1 3 2 1 4 12 2 0 3 3 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 3076 840 288 284 528 742 394 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 216 64 2 6 28 109 8 Choice of overtime workers Selected 26 19 47 22 26 28 38 Volunteers 30 37 23 32 23 29 24 Both 37 39 27 38 44 34 37 Don't know 3 2 0 4 5 4 0 No answer 4 2 3 4 2 5 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM355: Do those who do not volunteer have the opportunity to refuse overtime hours?

Base: Respondents with employees selected to work overtime (MM350/MM354) or both: selected and volunteers


Base (unweighted) 8781 6702 338 389 729 515 471 661 215 789 144 386 513 486 277 324 465 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1030 895 18 19 249 25 64 134 9 150 1 29 26 34 7 19 111 Refusal of overtime work possible Yes 71 69 74 62 55 74 78 69 69 79 71 62 65 83 86 57 85 No 24 26 21 24 41 24 18 28 23 16 21 28 27 10 10 34 12 Don't know 3 3 4 9 2 2 4 2 7 3 4 3 2 3 4 8 1 No answer 2 2 1 5 2 1 0 2 1 2 4 6 5 4 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2079 513 228 173 368 491 306 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 135 37 2 3 20 68 6 Refusal of overtime work possible Yes 79 86 74 73 48 86 66 No 16 10 22 20 36 12 27 Don't know 3 2 2 5 12 2 4 No answer 2 2 2 1 5 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM358: Is overtime-work paid for as a general rule or is it compensated with time off? Or are both alternatives offered in your establishment?



Base (unweighted) 16493 13417 769 907 1364 626 1036 1178 449 1237 307 842 883 710 906 915 1288 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2014 1798 37 45 477 31 139 256 20 236 3 76 48 50 27 58 295 Payment or time off for overtime work Paid for 34 33 11 18 9 68 46 26 41 65 32 20 21 45 23 10 57 Compensated with time off 23 24 48 34 44 7 20 20 17 6 23 27 29 10 24 11 11 Both - payment or compensation with time off 39 38 39 45 43 21 26 51 29 28 42 39 48 40 52 78 23 Neither - nor 4 4 2 3 3 3 7 3 13 0 3 14 1 3 1 1 6 No answer 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 3076 840 288 284 528 742 394 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 216 64 2 6 28 109 8 Payment or time off for overtime work Paid for 38 24 70 41 50 42 32 Compensated with time off 18 14 10 18 16 21 18 Both - payment or compensation with time off 42 59 18 37 31 35 48 Neither - nor 2 2 2 2 3 1 1 No answer 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM359: Are the majority of overtime hours compensated for by payments or by time off?

Base: Respondents with employees working overtime (MM350) and over-time work can be both - paid for or compensated for by time off (MM358)


Base (unweighted) 7425 6015 364 478 660 100 330 676 128 382 141 429 485 247 503 748 344 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 781 691 15 20 207 7 37 131 6 67 1 29 23 20 14 45 69 If both is possible: most common compensation By payment 30 29 11 24 26 34 24 22 35 37 24 35 27 24 41 30 44 By time off 28 30 26 32 47 32 14 19 20 15 14 40 28 12 42 44 12 Both alternatives are of approximately the same importance 41 41 61 43 27 34 62 59 44 48 60 24 42 64 17 23 42 No answer 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 3 0 0 3 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1410 520 57 120 169 337 207 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 90 37 0 2 9 38 4 If both is possible: most common compensation By payment 43 38 34 35 45 50 27 By time off 16 11 17 14 5 24 23 Both alternatives are of approximately the same importance 38 49 48 48 49 24 49 No answer 2 2 3 0 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM400: Have any of your employees been in parental leave in the last three years?



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Employees in parental leave Yes 51 52 61 52 52 51 25 58 47 52 60 46 50 44 80 89 55 No 48 47 38 46 48 47 75 41 52 48 40 53 48 55 20 10 43 Don't know 1 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Employees in parental leave Yes 49 56 50 59 53 45 63 No 50 43 49 41 46 55 37 Don't know 0 0 1 0 1 1 No answer 0 1 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM401: Have there been any men among those who took parental leave?Question MM402: What happens when the parental leave is finished? Does the majority of your female employees resume their work to the same extent as they did before? Or does the majority ask for reduced working hours? Or do most of them not return at all?

Base: All respondents with employees having been in parental leave (MM400)


Base (unweighted) 13697 10757 704 670 998 588 575 1071 303 956 229 600 640 617 869 937 1000 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1377 1201 32 28 285 30 54 203 11 156 2 45 29 38 26 60 203 Men in parental leave Yes 30 33 49 42 14 24 17 39 41 22 43 52 12 54 58 69 46 No 69 66 50 57 86 76 83 61 58 78 57 47 88 42 40 31 53 No answer 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 4 1 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Behaviour after parental leave Resume work to same extent 44 41 49 79 19 71 53 50 49 57 55 25 22 75 62 29 35 Ask for reduced working hours 34 38 34 9 55 23 30 24 34 31 26 58 49 18 14 47 40 Do not return at all 10 9 2 4 18 3 5 8 5 4 7 1 20 0 3 1 10 Don't know 8 7 7 6 5 2 11 11 11 4 7 9 6 7 13 14 7 No answer 5 5 8 2 3 1 1 7 2 4 6 8 3 1 8 10 8 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2940 674 206 378 667 663 352 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 175 42 1 7 34 85 6 Men in parental leave Yes 9 2 1 13 5 10 66 No 91 97 99 87 95 90 34 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Behaviour after parental leave Resume work to same extent 64 47 75 59 61 73 78 Ask for reduced working hours 7 10 13 18 7 4 3 Do not return at all 16 23 8 7 19 13 1 Don't know 12 18 2 12 11 9 10 No answer 1 2 1 4 1 0 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM403: How do you cope with the absence of people on parental leave?Question MM404: Does your establishment encounter any problems related to parental leave?



Base (unweighted) 13697 10757 704 670 998 588 575 1071 303 956 229 600 640 617 869 937 1000 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1377 1201 32 28 285 30 54 203 11 156 2 45 29 38 26 60 203 Coping with absence due to parental leave By hiring new staff with fixed-term contracts 51 50 30 38 62 14 57 62 38 45 50 36 45 25 70 70 35 By employing temporary agency workers 13 15 41 43 6 3 11 17 18 12 27 27 7 10 12 8 22 By distributing work among the remaining employees 51 53 65 37 49 82 31 47 63 53 60 67 29 75 57 47 60 By giving work to subcontractors 4 4 8 3 3 1 2 5 2 2 10 5 1 4 8 6 4 By hiring new permanent staff 13 12 20 6 19 5 4 15 8 3 23 5 33 1 7 7 13 Other methods 5 5 8 2 8 1 3 6 4 2 4 14 3 3 7 3 4 Don't know 1 1 0 1 0 0 4 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 2 No answer 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 Total (Multiple responses) 138 140 173 132 147 110 111 153 134 117 177 154 120 121 161 142 142 Problems with parental leave Yes 11 12 20 18 9 4 4 16 11 7 29 19 7 6 13 23 13 No 88 88 80 81 91 96 95 84 88 93 70 80 93 94 87 77 86 No answer 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2940 674 206 378 667 663 352 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 175 42 1 7 34 85 6 Coping with absence due to parental leave By hiring new staff with fixed-term contracts 58 61 16 63 44 63 45 By employing temporary agency workers 3 3 6 3 4 2 21 By distributing work among the remaining employees 38 33 74 40 30 41 64 By giving work to subcontractors 2 5 1 2 1 1 2 By hiring new permanent staff 21 39 13 15 33 9 2 Other methods 4 4 4 2 1 5 2 Don't know 1 0 1 1 1 1 No answer 1 1 0 0 2 0 3 Total (Multiple responses) 127 145 115 126 116 121 139 Problems with parental leave Yes 8 8 11 9 16 5 6 No 92 92 89 91 83 95 94 No answer 1 0 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM405: What are the major problems related to parental leave in your establishment?

Base: All respondents with problems related to parental leave (MM404)


Base (unweighted) 1652 1367 139 140 104 27 15 137 42 60 59 110 46 20 117 236 115 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 155 142 6 5 26 1 2 33 1 11 1 9 2 2 3 14 26 Major problems related to parental leave Too many employees are absent because of parental leave 24 25 34 14 33 37 32 7 20 26 23 14 14 21 14 19 Difficulties in finding staff to replace absent workers 57 58 59 61 62 20 16 74 41 58 62 42 48 20 67 64 43 Lack of continuity of work 52 55 72 39 68 76 32 69 37 38 66 68 58 18 25 42 40 Uncertainty if or when persons on parental leave will return 44 45 19 14 78 19 6 67 12 19 34 6 34 16 35 20 47 Difficulties in re-integrating the returning staff 22 22 11 9 46 1 1 37 4 4 25 6 13 2 18 2 17 Other problems 21 20 9 27 30 6 6 20 27 7 14 24 16 4 23 22 18 Don't know 3 3 1 42 1 3 0 61 2 2 3 No answer 1 1 2 1 7 0 2 2 0 1 Total (Multiple responses) 223 228 208 166 317 165 103 299 129 153 227 168 183 135 193 166 188






Base (unweighted) 285 47 20 39 121 33 25 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 14 3 0 1 5 4 0 Major problems related to parental leave Too many employees are absent because of parental leave 18 10 44 10 8 37 40 Difficulties in finding staff to replace absent workers 44 72 53 52 26 43 82 Lack of continuity of work 26 52 52 25 18 17 23 Uncertainty if or when persons on parental leave will return 33 45 45 8 28 37 2 Difficulties in re-integrating the returning staff 17 34 15 5 13 12 1 Other problems 24 21 10 9 32 20 12 Don't know 5 20 11 1 No answer 2 0 7 2 3 7 Total (Multiple responses) 170 234 226 131 139 167 167



Question MM408: Does your establishment offer special training programmes for people returning to work after an extended break in their careers?Question MM410: Does your establishment offer the possibility of a period of paid or unpaid long-term leave ...?



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Training programmes for returning people Yes 22 20 10 12 17 19 26 18 19 6 14 14 20 13 32 45 35 No 71 73 80 74 81 78 69 75 69 88 77 77 75 75 62 48 53 Don't know 4 4 6 5 2 1 4 5 9 4 6 3 3 9 5 6 7 No answer 3 3 4 9 1 3 1 2 3 2 3 5 3 3 1 1 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Paid or unpaid long-term leave If employees have to care for elderly, ill or disabled persons in their families 37 34 45 75 32 26 23 26 36 35 24 55 20 24 66 45 38 For further education 36 34 34 66 37 15 20 46 34 21 38 39 20 15 74 69 31 For any other purpose 26 23 24 41 24 15 20 24 19 17 16 33 14 18 58 40 22 No long-term leaves 37 40 40 13 45 48 54 40 43 35 49 28 57 45 10 20 35 No answer 10 10 7 9 8 11 9 7 13 18 6 6 13 12 9 7 14 Total (Multiple responses) 147 142 150 204 147 115 126 143 145 126 133 162 123 115 218 182 140






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Training programmes for returning people Yes 38 23 17 33 14 54 12 No 54 70 68 59 82 36 82 Don't know 5 4 5 4 2 6 1 No answer 4 3 10 4 2 4 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Paid or unpaid long-term leave If employees have to care for elderly, ill or disabled persons in their families 56 40 20 28 55 66 25 For further education 51 45 14 48 50 55 43 For any other purpose 42 25 27 31 17 59 22 No long-term leaves 18 30 43 27 22 11 30 No answer 10 13 13 12 10 8 19 Total (Multiple responses) 177 153 117 144 154 200 140



Question MM450: Roughly what proportion of your employees is younger than 30 years?Question MM451: And approximately what proportion is aged 50 years or older?



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Employees younger than 30 years None at all 8 8 4 10 10 7 7 8 1 12 3 7 4 5 12 14 6 Less than 20% 35 35 32 45 38 27 35 36 24 37 34 35 24 32 52 43 30 20% to less than 40% 29 29 35 24 30 29 30 28 27 26 33 36 34 28 23 27 28 40% to less than 60% 16 16 19 15 14 20 17 17 27 15 20 14 24 16 7 10 18 60% to less than 80% 7 7 6 3 5 9 7 7 12 6 7 6 8 11 3 3 9 80% to less than 100% 3 3 3 2 2 7 4 3 8 2 2 1 3 5 2 2 5 All 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 No answer 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 0 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Employees 50 years or older None at all 13 14 14 10 7 30 18 12 20 20 20 10 19 20 6 7 14 Less than 20% 48 47 57 41 43 50 50 54 57 52 65 43 55 56 29 28 43 20% to less than 40% 25 25 22 31 33 12 20 23 17 15 12 33 16 17 36 32 26 40% to less than 60% 10 10 4 14 12 5 8 8 5 7 2 9 6 5 22 23 10 60% to less than 80% 3 3 2 3 4 2 2 2 1 3 1 5 1 0 5 7 2 80% to less than 100% 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 1 All 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 0 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Employees younger than 30 years None at all 7 7 6 11 7 7 6 Less than 20% 36 30 29 42 35 38 37 20% to less than 40% 28 31 36 23 33 26 31 40% to less than 60% 19 21 20 16 16 20 17 60% to less than 80% 6 8 6 4 7 5 5 80% to less than 100% 3 3 3 4 1 3 2 All 0 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Employees 50 years or older None at all 11 7 16 10 9 13 16 Less than 20% 50 52 48 46 46 50 56 20% to less than 40% 23 27 25 19 29 21 21 40% to less than 60% 10 10 9 16 9 11 6 60% to less than 80% 3 2 2 7 4 3 1 80% to less than 100% 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 All 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM452: Does your establishment offer older employees the possibility to reduce their weekly working hours before retirement?

Base: Respondents with employees aged 50 years or older (MM451)


Base (unweighted) 19306 15134 920 967 1443 809 1337 1407 441 1307 309 956 890 1009 973 982 1384 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2325 2008 45 48 512 41 179 305 18 240 3 88 47 69 31 63 319 Phased retirement offered Yes 37 38 56 46 49 10 19 32 38 10 25 64 48 6 53 43 53 No 53 52 34 42 46 81 68 63 44 76 64 30 41 61 35 44 33 No answer 11 10 10 12 5 9 13 5 17 14 11 6 11 32 12 13 14 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4172 912 343 517 940 1012 448 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 316 70 2 11 58 166 8 Phased retirement offered Yes 30 33 20 31 18 33 14 No 57 52 64 50 66 55 69 No answer 14 15 15 18 16 12 18 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM453: How many of the employees aged 50 years or more in your establishment are working reduced hours before retirement? Is it almost all, most, some or practically nobody?Question MM455: Do you encourage older employees to reduce their working hours before retirement? Or do you try to prevent them from doing so?

Base: Respondents with employees aged 50 years or older (MM450) and offered to reduce working hours (MM452)


Base (unweighted) 7157 6062 529 517 815 76 317 487 161 136 71 668 506 81 534 450 714 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 854 759 25 22 252 4 34 96 7 24 1 56 22 5 16 27 168 Proportion of phased retirement Almost all 8 8 7 13 7 13 4 7 20 3 5 17 7 9 3 6 11 Most 3 4 7 2 4 1 1 2 3 1 5 10 4 3 1 2 Some 25 26 34 26 32 12 20 25 12 14 20 29 35 5 30 27 20 Practically nobody 60 57 50 51 56 68 72 60 62 81 69 39 51 75 56 62 57 Don't know 2 3 0 7 1 6 2 1 2 1 2 2 12 5 2 7 No answer 2 2 1 1 0 1 5 1 3 1 3 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Encouraging phased retirement Encourage 16 17 13 16 21 30 16 15 14 4 15 24 6 7 20 18 15 Try to prevent them 6 5 22 1 4 0 6 6 3 26 29 5 8 9 1 3 Neither - nor 74 73 64 79 73 69 77 78 80 66 51 66 80 85 68 78 72 No answer 4 4 2 4 1 0 2 2 3 4 5 5 5 8 3 4 10 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1095 308 53 166 170 336 62 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 94 23 0 4 10 56 1 Proportion of phased retirement Almost all 3 1 2 4 3 3 9 Most 2 0 4 3 4 2 7 Some 12 8 29 22 13 12 33 Practically nobody 82 90 61 67 80 81 51 Don't know 1 0 1 2 0 1 No answer 1 2 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Encouraging phased retirement Encourage 8 2 18 11 51 3 15 Try to prevent them 9 1 2 2 1 15 5 Neither - nor 79 94 76 84 43 78 76 No answer 4 2 4 3 6 4 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM457: Do employees in your establishment have the possibility of early retirement, i.e. to retire before the statutory retirement age?



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Possibility of early retirement Yes 48 45 54 54 50 35 42 50 49 12 51 73 29 28 77 34 59 No 38 40 29 30 41 51 41 37 31 69 28 22 49 37 12 51 24 No answer 14 15 17 15 9 14 17 13 20 19 21 5 21 35 11 14 17 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Possibility of early retirement Yes 69 86 38 64 42 73 38 No 20 5 36 22 44 17 38 No answer 11 9 26 14 14 9 24 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM458: Is this possibility based on legal regulations or on a collective agreement at sector or establishment level?Question MM459: How many of the eligible older employees in your establishment have made use of such an early retirement scheme in the last three years? Is it almost all, most, some or practically nobody?Question MM461: Do you encourage older employees to make use of early retirement? Or do you rather try to prevent them from doing so?

Base: Respondents with the possibility of early retirement (MM457)


Base (unweighted) 11197 8297 605 603 819 398 769 803 266 215 191 814 354 334 778 387 961 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1288 1045 28 29 275 21 91 173 11 38 2 71 17 24 25 23 217 Basis of early retirement Legal regulations 47 38 40 36 50 82 44 41 20 36 48 26 62 46 50 25 17 Collective agreement 27 33 39 34 28 7 34 23 50 41 21 63 15 17 25 29 40 Both 11 13 10 10 12 5 10 19 7 11 11 8 10 26 16 19 13 Neither - nor 9 10 3 13 9 3 4 12 21 1 8 1 10 9 2 10 19 Don't know 5 6 8 6 1 2 8 4 2 11 11 2 1 2 7 17 10 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Proportion with early retirement Almost all 8 7 17 6 7 0 6 9 1 4 8 25 3 2 9 5 2 Most 3 3 10 3 5 2 3 2 1 3 4 9 3 0 3 2 1 Some 21 21 20 18 34 10 20 17 9 20 17 16 29 8 20 21 11 Practically nobody 40 40 40 26 42 18 23 42 57 54 45 19 53 29 32 47 48 No experience yet 26 27 13 42 12 67 44 28 31 17 25 27 9 58 36 23 34 Don't know 1 1 0 1 0 1 4 0 1 1 0 4 2 2 1 2 2 No answer 0 0 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Encouraging early retirement Encourage 16 16 13 4 22 13 15 16 5 20 17 28 7 13 20 14 9 Try to prevent them 8 8 34 5 7 4 6 10 6 9 24 3 12 0 9 0 7 Neither - nor 71 71 50 83 69 77 76 71 83 58 54 63 78 85 66 81 72 No answer 5 5 3 8 2 7 4 3 7 12 4 6 3 2 5 5 12 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2900 857 153 387 435 866 202 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 243 65 1 8 27 139 4 Basis of early retirement Legal regulations 85 78 51 84 88 89 40 Collective agreement 4 4 10 4 4 4 16 Both 4 6 7 7 5 2 31 Neither - nor 4 10 20 3 1 3 4 Don't know 2 2 8 1 1 2 7 No answer 0 0 4 1 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Proportion with early retirement Almost all 11 1 1 1 12 16 4 Most 3 1 0 1 3 4 1 Some 23 14 12 18 33 25 25 Practically nobody 41 73 36 43 43 25 42 No experience yet 21 10 48 34 7 28 26 Don't know 1 0 1 1 1 1 No answer 0 1 2 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Encouraging early retirement Encourage 15 3 9 8 50 15 22 Try to prevent them 8 9 5 15 4 8 6 Neither - nor 72 84 78 73 41 72 68 No answer 5 4 8 4 5 5 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM462: Why do you encourage early retirement? Is it ...

Base: Respondents encouraging employees to use early retirement (MM461)


Base (unweighted) 2038 1485 106 32 216 56 165 141 24 49 36 291 31 47 151 58 82 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 208 170 4 1 61 3 13 27 1 8 0 20 1 3 5 3 20 Encouraging early retirement In order to cope with problems of decreasing productivity or poor health 42 45 60 31 50 40 41 46 37 25 49 46 36 69 44 34 39 In order to reduce the average age of the workforce 22 24 17 13 24 41 27 32 17 36 17 26 9 7 17 18 12 In order to reduce staff 27 29 45 14 47 11 10 22 17 33 25 20 34 10 19 25 6 Other reasons 38 36 33 49 29 19 37 35 33 22 48 41 29 45 53 41 51 Don't know 2 2 2 7 2 6 1 1 3 8 4 1 2 2 1 No answer 1 1 0 0 2 2 1 6 5 Total (Multiple responses) 132 137 157 114 152 118 117 136 107 119 150 138 110 139 136 119 115






Base (unweighted) 553 41 15 28 260 159 50 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 38 2 0 1 13 20 1 Encouraging early retirement In order to cope with problems of decreasing productivity or poor health 26 61 74 43 14 28 56 In order to reduce the average age of the workforce 11 1 59 19 9 12 17 In order to reduce staff 21 18 15 22 22 16 Other reasons 48 20 4 25 43 56 24 Don't know 6 3 5 14 1 No answer 2 1 6 4 Total (Multiple responses) 114 106 138 107 108 119 118



Question MM500: Does your establishment offer special services in order to support employees in their domestic commitments, such as ...Question MM501: In your opinion, to what extent should a company take into consideration the private responsibilities of its employees in its work organisation and working time regulations? Please answer on a scale from 0 to 10, whereby 0 means 'It is not at all the task of a company' and 10 means 'The company should definetely consider them'.



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Support in domestic commitments Company kindergarten or crèche 3 3 1 1 2 4 1 1 6 1 4 12 2 1 1 1 7 Other forms of professional help for childcare, e.g. a company babysitting service 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 17 1 0 2 0 5 Professional help for household management, e.g. cleansing or shopping services 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 3 Others 3 3 1 3 2 3 3 5 4 1 3 6 3 4 3 1 6 None 92 91 97 94 96 92 95 92 90 97 92 67 91 86 94 97 82 No answer 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 3 9 0 0 2 Total (Multiple responses) 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 100 101 104 101 100 100 100 104 Work-life balance as task of company 0 = It is not at all the task ... 9 9 12 15 11 3 6 17 4 8 14 6 11 3 4 7 4 1 1 1 3 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 0 2 3 0 2 5 5 7 6 8 2 2 8 7 4 7 4 4 2 2 7 2 3 8 8 11 5 12 3 4 12 5 6 9 8 7 3 6 12 4 4 8 8 10 9 9 3 4 10 8 7 8 11 18 3 9 11 5 5 26 25 23 14 26 21 27 29 15 32 28 18 17 31 18 25 21 6 9 9 10 7 6 10 12 7 10 12 5 14 10 11 9 7 10 7 10 11 12 15 8 12 16 6 15 11 8 21 10 12 21 11 13 8 11 12 7 11 11 23 14 6 14 8 9 11 7 18 21 8 19 9 2 2 0 4 1 6 3 0 5 2 1 1 4 3 3 2 3 10 = The company should definetely ... 8 7 2 8 7 14 8 4 12 6 3 3 9 5 2 4 14 No answer 3 3 2 3 1 1 4 1 3 4 5 1 2 7 2 2 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 5,2 5,2 4,4 5,0 4,7 6,7 5,9 4,1 6,1 5,2 4,3 5,3 5,1 6,0 5,8 4,8 6,4






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Support in domestic commitments Company kindergarten or crèche 2 1 1 4 3 2 1 Other forms of professional help for childcare, e.g. a company babysitting service 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 Professional help for household management, e.g. cleansing or shopping services 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 Others 3 2 1 14 1 3 None 95 97 96 80 94 95 98 No answer 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 Total (Multiple responses) 100 100 101 101 101 100 100 Work-life balance as task of company 0 = It is not at all the task ... 11 10 9 14 11 12 7 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 2 6 7 4 7 4 6 3 3 10 11 3 10 8 10 9 4 7 9 2 7 9 7 4 5 30 32 14 30 28 30 23 6 7 5 17 8 8 6 7 7 6 4 13 8 7 5 9 8 7 6 15 8 11 5 11 9 2 2 3 1 2 2 7 10 = The company should definetely ... 9 8 14 5 8 11 13 No answer 4 2 4 3 4 5 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 4,9 4,6 6,1 4,6 5,1 4,8 5,8



Employee representation? (Questions MM600 - MM612)

Base: All Respondents


Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Employee representation? Yes 32 34 30 73 32 12 56 33 22 34 53 45 22 11 69 73 21 No 67 65 69 27 68 87 43 67 77 66 41 54 75 87 30 27 78 No answer 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 6 1 3 2 1 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Employee representation? Yes 20 15 27 27 27 19 41 No 79 85 73 71 71 81 51 No answer 1 0 0 2 2 1 8 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Type of employee representation (Questions MM600 - MM612)



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Belgium Conseil d'entreprise / ondernemingsraad (1) 0 0 18 Délégation syndicale / vakbonds-afvaardiging (2) 0 0 12 None at all 1 2 69 No answer 0 0 0 Total 2 2 100 Denmark Tillidsrepraesentanter (1) 1 2 66 Samarbejdsudvalg (2) 0 0 7 None at all 1 1 27 No answer 0 0 0 Total 2 2 100 Germany Betriebsrat 4 5 20 Personalrat 2 3 12 None at all 14 16 68 No answer 0 0 0 Total 21 24 100 Greece Works council (1) 0 0 6 Trade union representative (2) 0 0 6 None at all 2 2 87 No answer 0 0 0

*) ESTABLISHMENT-PROPORTIONAL ANALYSIS TNS Infratest Sozialforschung 2006(1) First choice(2) Second choice (only asked if 1st choice = "no") (continued)





Total 2 3 100 Spain Comité de empresa 2 2 20 Junta de personal 0 0 3 Delegado de personal 2 3 31 None at all 4 4 43 No answer 0 0 1 (ER-Interview with Union Representative) 0 0 2 Total 8 9 100 France Comité d'entreprise (1) 2 3 18 Délégués syndicaux (2) 2 2 14 None at all 9 10 67 No answer 0 0 0 Total 13 15 100 Ireland Trade unions recognized for collective bargaining purposes 0 0 22 None at all 1 1 77 No answer 0 0 1 Total 1 1 100 Italy Rappresentanza sindacale unitaria 4 4 34 None at all 7 9 66 No answer 0 0 0 Total 11 13 100






Luxembourg Délégation du personnel (1) 0 0 51 Comité mixte d'entreprise (2) 0 0 2 None at all 0 0 41 No answer 0 0 6 Total 0 0 100 Netherlands Ondernemingsraad 1 1 28 Personeelsvertegenwoordiging (PVT) 1 1 17 None at all 2 2 54 No answer 0 0 1 Total 4 4 100 Austria Betriebsrat 0 1 21 Personalvertretung 0 0 1 None at all 2 2 75 No answer 0 0 3 Total 2 2 100 Portugal Delegados sindicais (1) 0 0 11 Comissão de trabalhadores (2) 0 0 0 None at all 3 3 87 No answer 0 0 2 Total 3 4 100 Finland Luottamusmies (1) 1 1 57 Yhteistoiminta-järjestelmä (2) 0 0 12






None at all 0 0 30 No answer 0 0 1 Total 1 1 100 Sweden Facklig förtroendeman 2 2 73 None at all 1 1 27 No answer 0 0 0 Total 3 3 100 United Kingdom Trade unions recognized for collective bargaining purposes 3 3 21 None at all 11 12 78 No answer 0 0 1 Total 14 16 100





Czech Republic Základní odborová organizace (1) 2 11 Rada zamìstnancù (2) 1 3 None at all 18 85 No answer 0 0 Total 21 100 Cyprus Trade union Representative 0 27 None at all 1 73 No answer 0 0 Total 1 100 Latvia






Trade union Representative 1 27 None at all 3 71 No answer 0 2 Total 4 100 Hungary Üzemi tanács (1) 3 17 Üzemi megbízott (1) 1 4 Közalkalmazotti tanács (1) 0 1 Szakszervezeti bizottság vagy szakszervezeti bizalmi (2) 1 5 None at all 13 71 No answer 0 2 Total 18 100 Poland Zakladowa organizacja zwiazkowa 10 19 None at all 43 81 No answer 0 1 Total 54 100 Slovenia Svet delavcev (1) 1 26 Predstavnik sindikata podjetja (2) 0 15 None at all 1 51 No answer 0 8 Total 3 100

*) ESTABLISHMENT-PROPORTIONAL ANALYSIS TNS Infratest Sozialforschung 2006(1) First choice(2) Second choice (only asked if 1st choice = "no")


Question MM700: I would also like to interview the {chairman of the employee representation} in your establishment. Would you please give me his or her full name and the extension?

Base: Respondents with {employee representation} (MM600 - MM614)


Base (unweighted) 10418 8733 450 834 791 185 1020 831 217 760 224 627 435 242 813 836 468 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 864 791 16 39 175 7 117 114 5 104 2 44 13 10 22 49 76 Employee representation information Information (name and/or telephone number) is given 64 63 64 74 79 69 50 73 53 42 70 67 59 43 86 93 29 Don't know, but OK to interview employee representative 17 17 19 6 7 18 24 11 5 33 14 11 6 40 8 5 38 Refused 17 18 16 18 14 13 26 15 37 26 15 22 33 13 6 2 16 Not asked (No answer in MM604/MM604b/MM604c/MM605/MM613) 2 2 1 2 0 1 5 1 2 4 0 17 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1685 299 133 212 358 394 289 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 72 11 1 3 17 36 4 Employee representation information Information (name and/or telephone number) is given 75 85 66 84 79 69 78 Don't know, but OK to interview employee representative 13 9 19 6 15 14 13 Refused 12 6 15 11 6 17 9 Not asked (No answer in MM604/MM604b/MM604c/MM605/MM613) Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question MM703: May we contact you again later if we should have any additional questions?



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Further contact Yes, agrees 91 91 94 98 95 97 89 90 91 87 90 96 86 98 95 89 88 No, does not agree 7 7 6 1 4 2 9 9 8 12 9 3 8 2 5 1 10 No answer 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 6 0 0 10 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Further contact Yes, agrees 92 95 97 97 90 90 98 No, does not agree 7 5 3 3 10 8 1 No answer 1 0 0 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Employee representative interview available?



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 2322 52 53 551 59 217 348 22 302 4 97 57 87 33 68 370 Employee representative interview? Yes 14 15 14 42 19 5 19 14 7 12 18 23 5 4 53 39 3 ER exists, but no interview 18 19 16 31 13 7 36 18 14 22 35 22 17 8 16 33 18 No ER 67 65 69 27 68 87 43 67 77 66 41 54 75 87 30 27 78 No answer 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 6 1 3 2 1 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 354 75 3 13 64 190 10 Employee representative interview? Yes 11 6 16 15 18 9 30 ER exists, but no interview 10 8 11 12 10 10 11 No ER 79 85 73 71 71 81 51 No answer 1 0 0 2 2 1 8 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100


10

2.1.2 Employee representative interviews (establishment proportional)

Establishment Survey on Working Time and Work-Life Balance 2004 Table ER-EST 1.01Employee Representative Interviews

Question ER101 (not asked in D, E, I, NL): In your function as employee representative: Do you represent the whole workforce in this establishment or a specific part of the staff only?

Base: All Respondents except D, E, I, NL

Column percent Total Country (EU 15) B DK EL F IRL L A P FIN S UK Base (unweighted) 2784 214 502 68 393 73 77 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 144 7 23 3 50 2 1 3 3 17 27 10 ER represents ... Whole workforce 50 46 39 70 68 9 74 59 91 34 34 38 Part only 50 54 59 30 31 91 26 41 9 66 66 62 No answer 1 2 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100





Column percent Total Country (EU 6) CZ CY LV HU PL SI Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 38 5 0 2 11 16 3 ER represents ... Whole workforce 55 60 32 40 79 39 57 Part only 43 40 68 60 21 58 43 No answer 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER102 (not asked in D, E, I, NL): Roughly what proportion of the employees in this establishment do you represent?

Base: All Respondents except D, E, I, NL representing a specific part of the staff (ER101)

Column percent Total Country (EU 15) B DK EL F IRL L A P FIN S UK Base (unweighted) 1663 156 321 15 120 59 27 59 27 483 346 50 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 72 4 13 1 16 2 0 1 0 11 18 6 Proportion represented Less than 20% 11 5 6 63 21 18 5 7 11 4 5 20% to less than 40% 21 24 19 9 23 8 20 32 16 19 27 14 40% to less than 60% 26 18 33 5 12 26 16 18 24 26 26 61 60% to less than 80% 23 35 21 1 24 32 31 30 33 26 21 13 80% or more 18 18 19 22 20 16 27 13 13 17 21 6 No answer 1 0 1 1 15 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100





Column percent Total Country (EU 6) CZ CY LV HU PL SI Base (unweighted) 394 45 55 65 40 88 101 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 16 2 0 1 2 9 1 Proportion represented Less than 20% 14 24 18 13 28 9 11 20% to less than 40% 28 31 32 34 14 32 13 40% to less than 60% 20 10 25 27 16 21 32 60% to less than 80% 16 23 20 11 24 12 22 80% or more 20 12 5 15 11 25 21 No answer 1 0 7 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER200: Are there any part-timers in your establishment?



Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 349 7 23 104 3 42 50 2 37 1 23 3 3 17 27 10 Part-time workers in establishment Yes 67 67 83 61 86 15 36 68 66 54 63 95 80 16 48 65 68 No 33 32 17 39 14 85 64 32 34 46 37 5 20 84 51 35 32 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 38 5 0 2 11 16 3 Part-time workers in establishment Yes 58 47 20 48 61 64 41 No 42 50 79 52 39 36 59 No answer 1 3 1 1 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER201: Did your employer introduce part-time work mainly - in order to meet economic or organisational needs of the establishment - or in order to meet employees' wishes for shorter working hours?Question ER204: If a part-timer wants a full-time job: Which of the following statements best describes the situation in your establishment?

Base: Respondents with part-timers (ER200)


Base (unweighted) 3262 2767 172 276 469 13 130 295 41 144 43 336 106 20 346 324 52 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 258 236 6 14 89 0 15 34 1 20 0 22 2 0 8 17 6 Reasons for introducing part-time work Mainly the needs of the establishment 25 22 39 17 19 61 45 22 61 25 15 11 8 87 37 19 16 Mainly the wishes of the employees 48 50 43 46 50 43 55 11 57 51 56 62 5 39 57 25 Both of equal importance 22 22 14 29 26 23 8 16 19 14 25 30 28 5 15 13 56 Mainly because of other reasons 4 4 3 4 4 16 3 6 6 4 9 0 3 5 7 Don't know 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 0 3 1 1 3 5 2 No answer 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from part-time into full-time He or she usually gets an appr. full-time job quickly 23 24 26 14 17 40 33 30 37 42 15 27 4 19 30 25 He or she has to wait for some time 32 33 35 32 33 19 31 38 33 26 30 34 44 5 27 37 37 It would be possible only exceptionally 18 18 7 21 23 13 9 14 5 18 4 15 12 5 23 12 16 There is practically no chance 18 17 21 19 21 1 11 7 30 9 5 31 1 81 17 11 1 Not applicable, has never happened 8 7 9 11 6 67 11 6 2 9 13 4 14 5 13 7 7 No answer 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 6 1 2 1 1 14 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 495 109 20 54 100 100 112 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 22 2 0 1 7 10 1 Reasons for introducing part-time work Mainly the needs of the establishment 52 18 66 40 36 73 26 Mainly the wishes of the employees 18 48 27 17 11 26 Both of equal importance 21 21 29 21 39 10 9 Mainly because of other reasons 9 7 5 12 8 6 37 Don't know 1 6 0 0 2 No answer Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from part-time into full-time He or she usually gets an appr. full-time job quickly 20 63 19 33 20 10 17 He or she has to wait for some time 21 14 31 28 20 22 22 It would be possible only exceptionally 18 13 24 7 5 29 14 There is practically no chance 28 4 26 27 24 37 25 Not applicable, has never happened 11 2 2 31 1 21 No answer 1 5 3 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER205: And suppose a full-time employee wanted to go part-time: Which of the following statements best describes the situation in your establishment when the employee is doing a skilled job?Question ER206: And what is the situation if the person is doing a low skilled or unskilled job?



Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 349 7 23 104 3 42 50 2 37 1 23 3 3 17 27 10 Change from full-time into part-time in skilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 24 24 42 26 22 1 16 28 23 21 22 42 23 4 16 34 21 He or she has to wait for some time 28 29 34 27 33 4 23 29 37 21 33 37 28 2 27 33 31 It would be possible only exceptionally 23 23 12 19 29 3 17 22 6 32 22 11 18 7 28 15 26 There is practically no chance 14 13 7 11 13 7 19 17 14 16 18 8 15 20 11 9 1 Not applicable, has never happened 10 10 4 15 3 85 25 4 11 10 5 2 13 67 18 6 14 No answer 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 9 1 1 0 3 0 1 3 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from full-time into part-time in unskilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 26 27 39 21 32 1 18 33 23 24 34 20 22 4 18 34 30 He or she has to wait for some time 23 24 28 15 26 12 20 32 22 27 25 27 22 3 25 21 5 It would be possible only exceptionally 15 14 9 13 13 2 15 16 8 23 18 6 13 5 26 11 8 There is practically no chance 14 13 6 9 13 7 19 13 13 18 12 18 20 17 6 6 4 Not applicable, has never happened 20 19 16 34 14 77 27 5 25 7 9 27 21 71 22 24 39 No answer 2 2 1 8 1 1 1 9 1 2 3 2 0 2 4 13 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 38 5 0 2 11 16 3 Change from full-time into part-time in skilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 24 30 8 23 32 20 9 He or she has to wait for some time 16 14 3 20 9 20 20 It would be possible only exceptionally 28 41 12 33 14 35 20 There is practically no chance 16 5 31 12 14 18 30 Not applicable, has never happened 15 6 46 11 30 6 18 No answer 1 5 1 1 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from full-time into part-time in unskilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 16 35 7 26 13 13 7 He or she has to wait for some time 17 7 6 27 19 17 20 It would be possible only exceptionally 19 26 9 10 13 23 20 There is practically no chance 20 6 25 8 14 27 30 Not applicable, has never happened 25 22 53 24 40 17 19 No answer 3 4 0 5 1 3 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER207: Would you say that - all in all - in your establishment there is a rather encouraging or a rather discouraging climate for employees wishing to change from full-time to part-time?Question ER208: When employees in your establishment want to change from full-time to part-time or vice versa: Do they normally, sometimes or never consult the employee representation?



Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 349 7 23 104 3 42 50 2 37 1 23 3 3 17 27 10 Climate for changes from full-time to part-time Encouraging 43 43 58 34 44 19 42 58 23 34 60 41 6 11 40 49 32 Discouraging 29 30 31 21 33 39 20 36 18 38 33 29 39 11 35 20 22 Neither - nor (only asked in CZ, CY, LV, HU, PL, SI) 3 No answer 25 27 11 45 23 42 38 6 59 28 7 30 55 78 25 32 46 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Consultation of employee representation for changes Normally 33 33 40 21 59 13 17 19 14 37 17 14 57 10 21 22 13 Sometimes 23 23 28 11 25 3 17 29 24 22 28 22 21 8 28 24 29 Never 21 21 27 26 9 1 16 25 39 25 38 53 11 8 18 29 24 Not applicable, has never happened so far 22 22 5 36 7 83 48 26 19 15 15 11 12 74 31 21 30 Don't know 1 1 1 2 1 5 1 2 0 1 0 4 0 No answer 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 38 5 0 2 11 16 3 Climate for changes from full-time to part-time Encouraging 35 30 5 65 29 42 17 Discouraging 22 23 13 4 27 21 13 Neither - nor (only asked in CZ, CY, LV, HU, PL, SI) 34 35 53 25 42 27 47 No answer 9 12 29 6 2 9 23 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Consultation of employee representation for changes Normally 29 23 20 28 36 28 20 Sometimes 18 21 7 18 17 17 17 Never 22 29 6 27 12 25 28 Not applicable, has never happened so far 30 23 54 26 34 29 30 Don't know 1 0 1 1 0 1 No answer 1 3 13 1 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER210: Are part-timers more or less motivated than full-timers when carrying out their work? Or is there no difference?Question ER211: What about the promotion prospects of part-timers in this establishment? Are their promotion prospects ...Question ER212: Does part-time work make it easier or more complicated to organise work within your establishment? Or is there no difference?



Base (unweighted) 3262 2767 172 276 469 13 130 295 41 144 43 336 106 20 346 324 52 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 258 236 6 14 89 0 15 34 1 20 0 22 2 0 8 17 6 Motivation of part-time workers More motivated 14 14 13 4 22 1 9 8 20 15 15 12 18 1 7 9 2 Less motivated 10 9 4 7 8 33 15 9 17 17 5 5 6 83 19 4 3 No difference 75 75 83 85 70 59 68 82 62 65 78 82 74 14 69 83 95 Don't know 2 2 0 1 1 8 8 0 1 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 No answer 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Promotion prospects of part-time workers Better than those of a full-timer with comparable qual. 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 1 About the same 49 48 40 63 41 34 60 53 57 41 36 58 41 7 38 57 48 Slightly worse 25 25 14 23 27 35 18 25 9 33 46 24 35 11 34 20 19 Significantly worse 15 16 40 6 21 30 9 20 30 18 18 5 17 3 16 5 14 Don't know 7 7 1 4 11 11 0 3 8 4 6 77 11 5 10 No answer 3 3 3 4 0 1 0 2 1 1 6 1 1 2 13 9 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Part-time makes work organization Easier 14 14 18 17 19 23 9 10 7 9 2 7 11 3 10 11 23 More complicated 40 41 53 29 39 18 32 42 25 49 39 57 37 6 40 38 27 No difference 44 43 28 51 40 59 55 48 66 39 57 36 47 14 44 50 46 Don't know 1 1 0 1 1 4 0 1 3 1 77 5 1 No answer 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 3 0 5 1 1 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 495 109 20 54 100 100 112 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 22 2 0 1 7 10 1 Motivation of part-time workers More motivated 8 1 5 4 12 7 Less motivated 14 14 64 18 2 21 17 No difference 76 85 24 74 92 65 64 Don't know 2 0 2 1 2 8 No answer 1 12 2 0 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Promotion prospects of part-time workers Better than those of a full-timer with comparable qual. 0 3 1 About the same 61 51 20 66 72 56 68 Slightly worse 21 20 14 27 10 28 12 Significantly worse 8 19 54 2 1 10 9 Don't know 6 9 9 4 6 No answer 4 0 9 5 8 3 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Part-time makes work organization Easier 16 9 44 3 17 18 13 More complicated 29 29 8 46 8 40 47 No difference 53 62 42 49 74 40 40 Don't know 1 0 0 1 0 No answer 1 0 6 2 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER250: Are there any employees in your establishment who are regularly required to work ...



Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 349 7 23 104 3 42 50 2 37 1 23 3 3 17 27 10 Unusual working hours At night between 10 p.m. and 6.a.m. 23 23 27 21 19 19 30 30 26 14 19 24 37 66 21 20 25 On Saturdays 37 37 36 26 31 57 29 54 37 48 37 36 42 52 37 32 42 On Sundays 25 24 31 26 21 32 21 28 26 18 15 27 31 12 28 29 39 None of these 57 57 53 68 65 43 59 39 60 50 59 61 51 19 53 64 48 Don't know 0 0 9 No answer 0 0 1 2 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 143 141 146 141 136 151 140 151 150 130 130 148 162 159 139 146 154






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 38 5 0 2 11 16 3 Unusual working hours At night between 10 p.m. and 6.a.m. 26 35 24 49 20 23 40 On Saturdays 36 46 47 73 39 25 49 On Sundays 32 47 29 63 33 22 41 None of these 59 48 49 21 58 71 43 Don't know 0 1 0 No answer 0 1 0 Total (Multiple responses) 154 177 151 206 150 141 173



Question ER251: Are any problems related to work at these hours an issue in your negotiations with the employer?

Base: Respondents with employees required to work at night or in the weekend (ER250)


Base (unweighted) 2785 2200 121 203 252 44 198 272 44 126 35 179 68 54 342 211 51 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 166 150 3 7 36 2 17 30 1 19 0 9 1 2 8 9 5 Negotiations about problems with unusual hours Yes 25 26 19 26 24 18 16 31 9 23 9 29 30 12 56 29 4 No 74 73 81 72 76 82 79 69 91 76 90 71 67 88 43 71 85 No answer 1 1 2 5 2 1 3 1 12 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 585 116 43 87 107 97 135 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 15 3 0 1 5 5 2 Negotiations about problems with unusual hours Yes 17 14 51 39 11 17 18 No 82 84 49 60 89 83 82 No answer 1 2 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER252: Is this a major issue or a minor issue - as compared to the other issues you negotiate with your employer?

Base: Respondents with problems in negotiations related to work at night or in the weekend (ER251)


Base (unweighted) 928 742 32 46 75 21 39 98 7 36 3 39 17 19 211 96 3 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 41 39 1 2 9 0 3 10 0 4 0 3 0 0 4 3 0 Importance of issue unusual hours Major 56 56 72 25 37 72 64 73 89 33 68 66 74 89 39 18 Minor 41 41 28 58 62 28 19 27 11 64 51 32 32 26 10 58 32 No answer 3 3 1 18 1 17 0 3 49 2 1 2 50 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 186 34 25 47 14 34 32 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 3 0 0 1 1 1 0 Importance of issue unusual hours Major 55 39 44 42 70 57 70 Minor 44 61 51 58 30 39 26 No answer 2 5 3 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER253: Which of these working time arrangements creates the most serious problems in negotiations with your employer? Is it ...

Base: Respondents with problems in negotiations related to work at night or in the weekend (ER251) and more than one item ticked in ER250


Base (unweighted) 928 742 32 46 75 21 39 98 7 36 3 39 17 19 211 96 3 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 41 39 1 2 9 0 3 10 0 4 0 3 0 0 4 3 0 Most problematic unusual hours Work at night between 10 p.m. and 6.a.m. 34 36 12 29 21 11 33 62 52 29 53 67 40 32 26 Work on Saturdays 12 13 51 10 12 20 13 9 4 27 22 13 29 9 17 50 Work on Sundays 39 39 30 36 59 44 40 27 57 25 3 30 36 13 No answer 14 13 7 24 7 24 14 3 48 9 73 16 24 44 50 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 186 34 25 47 14 34 32 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 3 0 0 1 1 1 0 Most problematic unusual hours Work at night between 10 p.m. and 6.a.m. 11 10 5 10 11 7 24 Work on Saturdays 9 10 13 3 4 20 5 Work on Sundays 42 25 25 12 67 61 47 No answer 38 55 56 75 18 12 25 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER254: And what are the issues you have to negotiate with your employer in this respect?

Base: Respondents with problems related to work at night/at weekend (ER251)


Base (unweighted) 928 742 32 46 75 21 39 98 7 36 3 39 17 19 211 96 3 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 41 39 1 2 9 0 3 10 0 4 0 3 0 0 4 3 0 Issues to negotiate Necessity to work at these hours 39 39 51 48 54 29 35 39 30 24 54 65 22 23 17 32 Selection of employees 36 36 38 15 42 8 15 55 10 26 22 41 4 34 25 Organization of work at these hours 51 52 18 34 58 27 30 67 5 52 34 31 58 31 56 35 Compensation for work at these hours 63 64 75 45 64 82 78 73 71 71 34 65 36 61 44 53 18 Other issues 25 25 11 26 34 8 10 35 1 19 27 27 29 No answer 3 2 11 5 5 0 66 4 2 10 50 Total (Multiple responses) 216 218 193 179 253 159 173 270 116 174 134 192 200 149 186 169 100






Base (unweighted) 186 34 25 47 14 34 32 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 3 0 0 1 1 1 0 Issues to negotiate Necessity to work at these hours 36 82 29 16 52 25 19 Selection of employees 31 26 31 25 68 20 15 Organization of work at these hours 40 70 33 30 56 25 39 Compensation for work at these hours 59 87 49 54 88 45 30 Other issues 26 41 7 14 24 33 28 No answer 7 3 15 21 4 1 Total (Multiple responses) 199 310 165 161 291 149 132



Question ER255: Are there any employees in your establishment whose working hours change regularly due to the nature of their jobs, e.g. within a shift system or a comparable working time regime?



Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 349 7 23 104 3 42 50 2 37 1 23 3 3 17 27 10 Employees with changing working hours Yes 31 30 26 17 32 38 26 37 18 23 24 25 39 23 42 38 4 No 69 70 74 82 68 62 74 63 82 77 75 75 61 77 58 62 92 No answer 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 38 5 0 2 11 16 3 Employees with changing working hours Yes 44 33 23 51 43 48 38 No 55 67 76 47 56 50 62 No answer 1 1 1 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER257: Suppose one of the shift-workers did not want to work in shifts any longer and would ask to do an equivalent job during the "usual" working hours. Which of the following statements best describes the situation in your establishment?

Base: Respondents with employees whose working hours change regularly (ER255)


Base (unweighted) 2200 1680 73 109 257 29 144 189 13 61 18 113 62 40 333 231 8 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 120 104 2 4 33 1 11 18 0 9 0 6 1 1 7 10 0 Change from shift to normal working hours He/she usually gets usual working hours quickly 9 8 7 13 3 11 4 8 0 22 4 4 14 39 7 12 9 He or she has to wait for some time 22 23 27 4 19 21 25 32 12 18 19 28 23 4 20 25 5 It would be possible only exceptionally 35 36 36 24 51 14 21 32 5 32 51 32 38 24 32 30 56 There is practically no chance 26 26 28 53 25 15 25 24 67 18 13 30 13 13 36 28 30 Not applicable, has never happened 7 6 2 4 1 39 24 3 16 7 12 7 13 21 4 6 No answer 1 1 2 0 1 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 520 99 28 59 118 112 104 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 17 2 0 1 5 8 1 Change from shift to normal working hours He/she usually gets usual working hours quickly 20 11 7 3 34 16 6 He or she has to wait for some time 17 17 9 44 28 7 14 It would be possible only exceptionally 28 35 54 20 20 31 41 There is practically no chance 26 26 26 21 10 35 29 Not applicable, has never happened 9 9 5 7 8 11 6 No answer 1 3 6 0 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER300: Does your establishment offer employees the possibility to adapt - within certain limits - the time when they begin or finish their daily work according to their personal needs or wishes?



Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 349 7 23 104 3 42 50 2 37 1 23 3 3 17 27 10 Flexible working time arrangements Yes 53 53 38 40 64 29 29 52 70 68 68 53 75 25 41 61 28 No 45 45 62 59 36 71 68 47 28 30 32 47 24 41 59 39 52 No answer 2 2 1 3 1 2 2 1 34 0 20 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 38 5 0 2 11 16 3 Flexible working time arrangements Yes 56 66 14 70 69 48 34 No 43 34 85 25 30 50 66 No answer 1 0 1 4 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER302: What was the rationale for the introduction of flexible working hours?

Base: Respondents with flexible working hours (ER300)


Base (unweighted) 2794 2303 91 249 377 23 131 206 43 144 45 225 97 29 292 330 21 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 206 185 3 9 66 1 12 26 1 25 0 12 2 1 7 16 3 Rationale for introduction of flexible working hours To reduce paid overtime hours 20 22 40 7 33 4 4 27 12 8 24 11 38 5 14 15 24 To make working hours more adaptable to variations in workloads 54 55 61 47 69 48 31 68 31 24 68 49 56 70 46 52 54 To enable employees to better combine work and family or personal life 71 73 69 73 72 17 72 86 76 71 84 77 67 26 68 68 74 To cope with commuting problems 28 26 46 9 35 11 17 35 29 8 60 25 22 3 26 19 29 Other reasons 16 16 12 5 21 20 8 30 13 4 21 19 13 12 11 Don't know 3 3 8 3 1 0 4 0 2 3 8 8 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 1 Total (Multiple responses) 192 196 228 149 233 100 134 247 161 120 258 184 204 105 175 174 181






Base (unweighted) 491 107 14 72 129 94 75 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 21 3 0 1 8 8 1 Rationale for introduction of flexible working hours To reduce paid overtime hours 8 12 8 5 10 7 To make working hours more adaptable to variations in workloads 44 37 23 27 66 26 53 To enable employees to better combine work and family or personal life 50 63 48 69 46 48 34 To cope with commuting problems 39 76 13 5 30 43 17 Other reasons 13 15 15 8 8 19 13 Don't know 1 5 1 3 No answer 1 6 4 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 157 209 100 126 155 147 126



Question ER303: Which of the following effects have resulted from the introduction of flexible working hours in your establishment?



Base (unweighted) 2794 2303 91 249 377 23 131 206 43 144 45 225 97 29 292 330 21 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 206 185 3 9 66 1 12 26 1 25 0 12 2 1 7 16 3 Effects of flexible working hours A reduction of paid overtime hours 31 33 44 15 50 4 8 29 11 14 35 29 37 19 37 33 12 A better adaptation of working hours to the workloads 63 64 78 49 79 81 35 79 60 31 82 54 65 69 67 69 21 Lower absenteeism 30 31 47 16 42 9 15 36 35 15 35 29 17 28 21 26 49 Higher degree of job satisfaction 68 70 74 65 79 15 64 59 87 61 77 74 62 41 72 80 32 Other positive effects 29 30 20 11 42 1 5 31 46 16 44 32 29 5 34 40 Problems of internal and external communication due to varied working times 19 21 33 7 30 22 1 29 12 1 22 34 7 0 25 21 2 Increased costs 7 7 6 1 5 3 5 21 1 20 19 2 4 Other negative effects 8 9 4 6 11 1 14 2 2 3 18 7 14 6 Don't know 3 3 12 1 3 0 1 3 3 5 1 2 4 26 No answer 2 2 0 1 1 4 2 6 3 2 2 1 1 12 Total (Multiple responses) 259 271 307 184 341 136 140 301 254 148 322 295 231 164 276 284 153






Base (unweighted) 491 107 14 72 129 94 75 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 21 3 0 1 8 8 1 Effects of flexible working hours A reduction of paid overtime hours 12 13 4 11 11 12 6 A better adaptation of working hours to the workloads 49 65 55 39 58 34 61 Lower absenteeism 20 40 23 19 17 15 16 Higher degree of job satisfaction 50 59 39 73 55 40 38 Other positive effects 16 49 10 8 3 19 5 Problems of internal and external communication due to varied working times 4 14 6 7 1 2 9 Increased costs 1 1 6 0 1 5 Other negative effects 1 0 2 0 2 4 Don't know 3 0 9 5 1 7 3 No answer 4 5 7 5 1 7 0 Total (Multiple responses) 162 248 153 174 147 141 148



Question ER350: Are there any employees in this establishment who have worked any overtime - whether paid or unpaid - since the beginning of this year?



Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 349 7 23 104 3 42 50 2 37 1 23 3 3 17 27 10 Employees with overtime work Yes 79 80 86 78 92 73 57 73 84 83 65 80 94 86 80 83 74 No 18 18 11 16 8 27 41 25 15 17 34 14 6 14 19 14 25 Impossible to say, overtime hours are def. by end of year 1 1 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Don't know 1 1 3 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 5 0 1 3 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 38 5 0 2 11 16 3 Employees with overtime work Yes 73 78 74 65 62 80 77 No 23 20 26 31 30 17 21 Impossible to say, overtime hours are def. by end of year 2 2 5 0 Don't know 3 3 2 2 3 1 No answer 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER351: Are overtime hours in your establishment worked only exceptionally, e.g. when there is an unforeseeable or unusual increase in the workload? Or are there employees who regularly work overtime hours because they otherwise can not get their work done?

Base: Respondents with employees working overtime (ER350)


Base (unweighted) 4335 3584 171 437 484 54 245 311 66 195 54 310 117 76 570 437 57 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 310 282 6 19 95 2 24 37 1 31 0 18 3 3 14 22 7 Forms of overtime work Only exceptionally 55 55 76 62 45 42 69 56 66 63 78 46 45 64 66 64 32 Regularly 23 22 13 17 20 15 20 25 27 21 9 44 19 34 8 25 49 Both forms 22 22 11 19 36 43 11 18 7 15 12 8 34 3 25 11 18 Don't know 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 751 150 61 77 134 142 187 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 28 4 0 1 8 13 2 Forms of overtime work Only exceptionally 54 59 73 53 67 40 75 Regularly 24 7 12 20 18 34 18 Both forms 19 33 15 26 8 23 7 Don't know 3 7 2 No answer 1 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER352: Of those who work overtime, how many regularly work overtime hours because they otherwise can not get their work done? Is it practically all? Or most of them? Or some or very few only?

Base: Respondents with employees regularly working overtime (ER351)


Base (unweighted) 1927 1635 71 184 293 20 71 149 34 80 16 159 69 41 203 204 41 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 138 126 1 7 52 1 8 16 0 11 0 9 1 1 5 8 5 Proportion of regular overtime work Practically all 14 14 9 26 8 8 25 14 13 11 5 30 5 53 14 7 20 Most 23 23 27 7 25 25 26 19 6 30 29 24 20 22 16 27 14 Some 35 37 49 28 39 62 27 41 14 35 41 39 53 24 39 32 20 Very few only 24 23 11 35 24 6 17 24 58 17 21 7 19 1 30 33 33 Don't know 2 2 2 0 2 3 2 8 1 5 3 0 1 1 1 No answer 2 2 2 3 2 2 0 1 6 0 0 0 13 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 292 79 14 38 47 61 53 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 12 2 0 1 2 7 1 Proportion of regular overtime work Practically all 17 10 15 20 24 16 7 Most 29 24 20 35 28 30 24 Some 19 25 36 14 39 12 33 Very few only 31 34 7 28 9 38 22 Don't know 2 5 0 0 3 3 No answer 2 3 23 3 1 12 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER353: When employees have to work overtime: Are the employee representatives normally ...



Base (unweighted) 4335 3584 171 437 484 54 245 311 66 195 54 310 117 76 570 437 57 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 310 282 6 19 95 2 24 37 1 31 0 18 3 3 14 22 7 Consultation of employee representation Informed/consulted before overtime hours have to be done 40 39 29 27 56 36 51 28 12 44 50 15 37 10 28 21 14 Informed afterwards only 13 14 20 8 10 4 14 24 9 24 9 14 29 24 26 10 Not informed/consulted at all 45 45 51 59 33 60 35 47 86 45 24 75 45 56 46 51 66 No answer 2 2 1 6 1 2 1 2 3 1 4 6 2 2 10 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 751 150 61 77 134 142 187 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 28 4 0 1 8 13 2 Consultation of employee representation Informed/consulted before overtime hours have to be done 50 71 48 64 53 40 58 Informed afterwards only 5 7 6 4 6 3 11 Not informed/consulted at all 43 23 42 27 38 56 29 No answer 2 0 4 5 3 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER354: In this case: Do you negotiate with the employer whether there are any possibilities to avoid or to reduce these overtime hours?Question ER355: Do you negotiate with the employer how overtime work is organised, e.g. when the overtime hours have to be worked or who has to do them?

Base: Respondents who are informed before overtime hours have to be done (ER353)


Base (unweighted) 1640 1250 73 132 297 21 112 96 6 89 29 69 47 21 139 108 11 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 125 111 2 5 53 1 12 10 0 14 0 3 1 0 4 5 1 Negotiations to avoid/reduce overtime work Yes 56 58 74 41 63 47 54 52 23 60 51 68 38 37 48 47 8 No 42 41 26 55 36 53 41 48 77 39 33 32 59 63 51 53 76 Don't know 1 0 3 0 1 0 1 3 No answer 2 1 1 1 4 1 1 16 1 2 14 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Negotiations about organisation of overtime work Yes 59 59 63 35 71 77 45 54 23 52 46 43 54 42 55 37 3 No 41 40 37 63 28 23 54 46 77 47 54 57 46 58 45 63 91 No answer 1 1 2 0 0 1 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 390 91 27 51 73 43 105 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 14 3 0 1 4 5 1 Negotiations to avoid/reduce overtime work Yes 41 33 44 52 40 47 26 No 51 67 53 42 40 48 71 Don't know 4 4 6 5 No answer 4 0 3 2 14 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Negotiations about organisation of overtime work Yes 54 70 43 74 35 54 71 No 44 30 57 22 61 46 29 No answer 2 4 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER356: Are those who have to work overtime hours normally selected by their superiors or is there usually a search for volunteers?



Base (unweighted) 4335 3584 171 437 484 54 245 311 66 195 54 310 117 76 570 437 57 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 310 282 6 19 95 2 24 37 1 31 0 18 3 3 14 22 7 Choice of overtime workers Selected 21 20 25 10 23 47 39 16 16 26 21 18 18 38 5 12 1 Volunteers 48 50 58 63 48 15 39 46 55 38 42 51 33 8 62 71 73 Both 26 26 16 21 26 38 16 37 27 32 33 14 43 54 29 16 21 Don't know 2 2 0 3 3 4 0 2 0 3 5 0 4 0 2 No answer 3 2 1 2 1 2 0 4 3 14 0 1 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 751 150 61 77 134 142 187 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 28 4 0 1 8 13 2 Choice of overtime workers Selected 28 23 58 15 17 35 36 Volunteers 30 32 6 22 41 26 25 Both 33 38 34 52 25 33 39 Don't know 2 3 8 3 No answer 7 4 2 2 17 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER357: Do those who do not volunteer have the opportunity to refuse overtime hours?

Base: Respondents with employees being selected for working overtime (ER356)


Base (unweighted) 2146 1595 79 158 263 43 125 165 31 114 27 102 73 64 196 140 15 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 147 130 3 6 46 2 13 19 1 18 0 6 2 2 5 6 2 Refusal of overtime work possible Yes 73 73 49 61 73 94 74 68 99 84 91 55 70 75 88 77 86 No 23 23 51 29 25 6 20 31 13 9 18 25 8 12 18 10 Don't know 3 3 8 1 6 0 2 14 5 17 2 No answer 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 13 0 0 3 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 551 107 55 51 87 105 146 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 17 2 0 1 3 9 2 Refusal of overtime work possible Yes 75 84 66 66 59 81 65 No 23 14 21 29 36 19 27 Don't know 1 1 4 1 8 No answer 1 1 13 2 4 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER360: Is overtime-work paid for as a general rule or is it compensated for by time off? Or are both alternatives offered in your establishment?



Base (unweighted) 4335 3584 171 437 484 54 245 311 66 195 54 310 117 76 570 437 57 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 310 282 6 19 95 2 24 37 1 31 0 18 3 3 14 22 7 Payment or time off for overtime work Paid for 19 17 10 17 3 52 51 15 40 32 36 6 17 65 32 8 55 Compensated by time off 25 26 32 38 41 3 15 16 9 7 18 26 30 2 18 14 19 Both - extra-payment or compensation by time off 52 53 55 44 52 45 30 63 33 60 46 52 52 32 49 77 19 Neither - nor 4 4 3 2 4 4 4 7 1 16 1 0 1 1 6 No answer 0 0 0 0 2 11 1 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 751 150 61 77 134 142 187 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 28 4 0 1 8 13 2 Payment or time off for overtime work Paid for 33 17 61 28 26 45 19 Compensated by time off 14 12 13 21 15 13 22 Both - extra-payment or compensation by time off 49 68 26 41 57 38 58 Neither - nor 3 2 10 2 4 0 No answer Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER361: Are the majority of overtime hours compensated for by payments or by time off?

Base: Respondents with employees working overtime (ER350) and where overtime-work can be both - paid for or compensated for by time off (ER360)


Base (unweighted) 2429 2029 98 215 300 20 85 209 23 108 25 188 65 33 279 368 13 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 162 148 3 8 49 1 7 23 0 18 0 9 1 1 7 17 1 If both is possible: most common compensation By payment 28 26 3 11 17 42 36 20 40 40 2 34 44 69 48 36 20 By time off 36 38 70 35 57 0 14 27 1 16 1 35 34 4 32 38 4 Both alternatives are of approximately the same importance 34 34 26 50 25 55 49 52 59 45 91 21 21 28 17 20 76 No answer 2 2 0 3 1 2 0 2 6 10 1 2 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 400 107 13 34 59 78 109 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 14 3 0 1 4 5 1 If both is possible: most common compensation By payment 42 37 65 35 26 62 35 By time off 19 21 17 8 28 25 Both alternatives are of approximately the same importance 36 41 35 48 66 5 39 No answer 2 2 6 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER364: Is overtime a major issue in the work of the {employee representatives} in this establishment? Or is it a minor issue only? Or is it not a topic at all?Question ER365: All in all: What is the position of the {employee representation} as far as overtime hours are concerned?



Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 349 7 23 104 3 42 50 2 37 1 23 3 3 17 27 10 Importance of overtime work issue Major issue 18 19 24 8 26 24 13 16 4 17 12 11 29 22 32 14 7 Minor issue 45 47 37 46 59 22 36 40 23 59 39 31 43 43 47 45 31 Not a topic at all 35 33 38 42 15 54 46 43 73 24 49 56 27 33 21 39 55 No answer 2 2 1 4 0 5 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Position of employee representation to overtime work Aims to reduce overtime in general 28 30 26 33 32 17 26 25 3 41 20 23 14 46 29 39 18 Accepts overtime hours to respond to workload peaks 50 51 50 51 65 59 36 39 56 45 38 55 70 26 57 44 41 Welcomes overt. hours as a means to earn some extra money 12 10 18 7 1 22 18 27 25 7 24 4 15 22 8 3 20 No answer 9 9 6 8 2 2 20 9 16 7 17 18 1 5 6 15 22 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 38 5 0 2 11 16 3 Importance of overtime work issue Major issue 14 19 17 28 16 10 16 Minor issue 28 39 37 33 27 22 36 Not a topic at all 56 42 44 38 56 65 45 No answer 2 0 2 1 1 3 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Position of employee representation to overtime work Aims to reduce overtime in general 13 11 11 15 17 9 19 Accepts overtime hours to respond to workload peaks 46 60 51 23 59 37 44 Welcomes overt. hours as a means to earn some extra money 28 17 19 35 13 43 19 No answer 13 11 19 27 12 12 17 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER450: Are there any of your employees aged 50 years or older?



Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 349 7 23 104 3 42 50 2 37 1 23 3 3 17 27 10 Employees aged 50 years or older Yes 93 93 92 90 98 66 87 90 95 94 86 95 98 94 90 96 90 No 7 7 8 10 2 34 13 10 5 6 13 5 1 6 10 4 9 No answer 0 0 0 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 38 5 0 2 11 16 3 Employees aged 50 years or older Yes 91 97 73 99 98 82 98 No 8 3 27 1 2 15 2 No answer 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER451: Does your establishment offer older employees the possibility to reduce their weekly working hours before retirement?

Base: Respondents with employees aged 50 years or older (ER450)


Base (unweighted) 4980 4050 204 468 523 58 337 374 69 214 66 348 121 90 634 475 69 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 360 325 7 20 101 2 36 45 2 35 1 22 3 3 16 25 9 Phased retirement offered Yes 37 38 67 44 54 14 7 32 25 7 28 78 64 37 38 32 37 No 55 55 30 51 45 86 83 64 63 80 57 17 33 56 53 56 36 No answer 7 6 3 6 1 0 10 4 13 13 15 5 3 7 9 13 26 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 930 164 64 109 210 163 220 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 34 5 0 2 11 14 3 Phased retirement offered Yes 27 26 4 40 22 32 24 No 59 65 88 43 56 59 68 No answer 14 9 7 17 23 9 8 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER453: Does your employer encourage older employees to reduce their working hours before retirement? Or does he rather try to prevent them from doing so?

Base: Respondents with employees aged 50 years or older (ER450) and offer to reduce working hours (ER451)


Base (unweighted) 1833 1634 135 218 292 9 34 134 19 12 19 240 78 7 258 156 23 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 135 125 4 9 55 0 2 14 0 2 0 17 2 1 6 8 3 Employer encourages/tries to prevent from phased retirement Encourages 31 31 29 25 37 66 17 32 57 29 33 27 22 21 15 Tries to prevent them 13 13 26 0 17 7 20 1 10 53 7 10 6 3 Neither - nor 53 52 44 74 44 34 75 45 41 68 18 54 62 100 70 66 51 No answer 4 4 1 0 2 1 3 1 21 6 1 2 10 33 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 199 36 4 44 35 30 50 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 9 1 0 1 2 4 1 Employer encourages/tries to prevent from phased retirement Encourages 26 1 69 15 76 8 20 Tries to prevent them 10 6 0 21 0 Neither - nor 61 99 31 74 23 66 76 No answer 3 6 5 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER455: Do employees in your establishment have the possibility of early retirement, i.e. to retire before the statutory retirement age?



Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 349 7 23 104 3 42 50 2 37 1 23 3 3 17 27 10 Possibility of early retirement Yes 52 49 62 40 63 37 38 51 71 12 54 71 33 78 67 37 52 No 38 40 34 47 36 61 43 40 21 74 21 12 50 16 15 44 11 No answer 11 11 4 12 1 2 19 8 8 14 25 16 17 5 18 20 38 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 38 5 0 2 11 16 3 Possibility of early retirement Yes 72 99 39 78 55 80 42 No 20 0 57 12 26 17 44 No answer 9 1 4 10 19 3 14 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER457: Does your employer encourage older employees to make use of early retirement? Or does he rather try to prevent them from doing so?

Base: Respondents with employees having the possibility of early retirement (ER455)


Base (unweighted) 2965 2302 153 186 349 36 162 220 36 28 47 288 46 42 460 208 41 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 200 173 4 9 65 1 16 26 1 4 0 16 1 2 12 10 5 Employer encourages/tries to prevent from early retirement Encourages 31 30 13 5 36 32 26 37 6 30 22 37 35 30 18 21 2 Tries to prevent them 13 14 36 2 16 1 9 29 0 20 20 4 4 7 4 4 Neither - nor 52 53 49 91 45 67 61 29 74 49 49 54 56 70 70 72 92 No answer 4 4 2 2 4 5 5 19 1 9 5 5 4 3 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 663 159 28 92 128 151 105 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 27 5 0 1 6 13 1 Employer encourages/tries to prevent from early retirement Encourages 40 25 4 4 66 37 39 Tries to prevent them 10 19 16 11 3 9 3 Neither - nor 49 52 44 81 31 52 52 No answer 2 4 36 3 0 2 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER458: Why does your establishment encourage early retirement? Is it ...

Base: Respondents with employees being encouraged to make use of early retirement (ER457)


Base (unweighted) 909 666 37 10 130 15 45 85 1 11 13 131 14 24 100 48 2 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 62 51 1 0 23 0 4 10 0 1 0 6 0 1 2 2 0 Encouraging early retirement In order to cope with problems of decreasing productivity or poor health 32 35 66 47 33 11 26 46 11 27 31 38 25 40 50 In order to reduce the average age of the workforce 32 34 42 32 34 26 33 50 100 11 58 23 17 38 22 25 In order to reduce staff 48 50 38 0 67 26 15 48 100 21 86 27 46 61 44 36 36 Other reasons 33 30 29 0 20 51 20 46 59 18 44 59 3 28 41 64 Don't know 2 2 21 1 11 3 0 9 No answer 1 1 4 0 2 3 5 Total (Multiple responses) 148 152 175 101 154 114 109 190 200 102 189 129 163 128 142 156 100






Base (unweighted) 243 36 3 6 98 59 41 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 11 1 0 0 4 5 0 Encouraging early retirement In order to cope with problems of decreasing productivity or poor health 18 67 66 24 17 5 38 In order to reduce the average age of the workforce 23 0 66 50 23 28 22 In order to reduce staff 42 76 66 94 46 31 25 Other reasons 44 28 100 26 47 49 19 Don't know 0 6 No answer 1 1 11 Total (Multiple responses) 128 171 298 194 134 112 122



Question ER500: In your opinion, which of the following initiatives regarding working time would be desirable to improve the work-life balance of the workforce in your establishment?



Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 349 7 23 104 3 42 50 2 37 1 23 3 3 17 27 10 Initiatives to improve work-life balance A general reduction in weekly working hours 42 42 42 29 35 54 51 55 48 40 58 21 22 74 39 65 43 Introduce or extend flexi-time or working time accounts 51 52 45 30 68 34 45 53 57 55 66 42 30 11 50 40 22 Introduce or extend long-term leave options 36 37 60 45 42 15 29 42 45 14 44 51 24 3 46 43 15 Reduce overtime or introduce time-off in lieu 41 43 56 29 55 5 33 60 48 20 55 37 26 10 41 45 10 Introduce or extend opportunities to work part-time 39 41 74 31 40 3 35 63 50 26 74 48 16 7 40 41 17 Introduce or extend opportunities for phased retirement 56 59 64 55 76 17 46 73 57 20 48 64 40 23 55 69 9 Introduce or extend opportunities for early retirement 57 58 72 39 73 21 43 82 71 21 59 61 26 28 50 71 13 Better possibilities to change to normal working hours 20 20 34 7 15 12 44 15 10 35 27 9 10 24 24 22 Others 7 7 3 3 8 9 3 16 4 1 9 5 1 1 8 6 2 No actions needed 6 5 1 16 4 18 9 1 12 6 6 6 29 0 5 3 1 No answer 2 1 0 1 2 3 1 1 3 1 2 0 0 18 Total (Multiple responses) 355 365 450 284 416 176 310 489 406 212 455 368 224 169 359 409 172






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 38 5 0 2 11 16 3 Initiatives to improve work-life balance A general reduction in weekly working hours 33 46 45 35 43 24 19 Introduce or extend flexi-time or working time accounts 39 58 25 35 46 32 23 Introduce or extend long-term leave options 24 48 31 30 22 20 8 Reduce overtime or introduce time-off in lieu 27 38 29 37 25 28 14 Introduce or extend opportunities to work part-time 19 33 13 22 26 12 11 Introduce or extend opportunities for phased retirement 33 52 27 28 33 31 12 Introduce or extend opportunities for early retirement 47 58 29 33 32 59 25 Better possibilities to change to normal working hours 16 20 1 15 18 13 18 Others 8 17 7 10 7 7 2 No actions needed 10 1 17 9 17 8 12 No answer 4 2 1 3 1 2 37 Total (Multiple responses) 260 374 226 258 270 236 180



Question ER501: And which of these initiatives would you consider most important for improving the work-life balance of the workforce in your establishment?

Base: All Respondents with more than one item ticked in ER500


Base (unweighted) 3774 3216 201 356 468 30 254 372 67 97 66 283 62 37 470 431 22 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 283 263 7 15 94 1 26 46 1 14 1 18 1 1 11 23 3 Most desirable working time initiative A general reduction in weekly working hours 19 19 19 10 11 13 36 19 12 22 26 5 29 60 15 40 51 Introduce or extend flexi-time or working time accounts 28 29 11 12 42 21 21 22 18 44 28 21 22 4 23 18 5 Introduce or extend long-term leave options 4 4 2 7 3 6 4 1 1 6 13 1 6 3 Reduce overtime or introduce time-off in lieu 10 10 11 5 10 7 13 15 5 9 13 11 22 12 9 3 Introduce or extend opportunities to work part-time 7 7 29 9 4 0 7 7 1 11 9 12 1 3 7 5 7 Introduce or extend opportunities for phased retirement 13 14 14 38 17 19 3 10 11 3 6 16 26 8 10 10 3 Introduce or extend opportunities for early retirement 12 12 8 7 12 27 16 15 32 11 10 9 5 2 11 8 1 Better possibilities to change to normal working hours 4 4 4 2 1 2 7 5 3 6 7 1 9 5 30 Others 1 1 1 3 0 19 0 3 5 2 4 3 No answer 1 1 1 7 1 1 0 3 5 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 558 140 52 58 131 93 84 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 20 4 0 1 6 8 1 Most desirable working time initiative A general reduction in weekly working hours 20 22 29 13 33 11 16 Introduce or extend flexi-time or working time accounts 24 39 14 6 20 24 16 Introduce or extend long-term leave options 5 12 15 14 5 0 8 Reduce overtime or introduce time-off in lieu 13 9 11 24 2 23 18 Introduce or extend opportunities to work part-time 3 1 7 2 6 0 3 Introduce or extend opportunities for phased retirement 12 5 6 10 16 14 1 Introduce or extend opportunities for early retirement 12 4 16 16 12 13 19 Better possibilities to change to normal working hours 5 4 1 2 0 9 17 Others 2 4 4 1 1 No answer 4 8 5 6 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER502: Under the given working-time arrangements in your establishment: How easy or difficult is it all in all for the employees to combine work with their activities and obligations outside work? Is it very easy, quite easy, quite difficult or very difficult?



Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 349 7 23 104 3 42 50 2 37 1 23 3 3 17 27 10 Work-life balance in the establishment Very easy 11 11 7 36 12 2 7 5 8 9 13 9 21 49 7 11 17 Quite easy 59 58 69 44 59 51 51 61 53 61 45 70 66 21 63 66 45 Quite difficult 23 23 15 13 23 45 27 26 36 26 34 16 3 24 27 20 23 Very difficult 6 5 9 5 5 2 10 7 3 3 0 4 4 5 3 3 7 No answer 2 2 1 2 2 0 4 1 0 2 8 1 6 0 1 1 8 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 38 5 0 2 11 16 3 Work-life balance in the establishment Very easy 8 6 23 13 6 7 12 Quite easy 60 65 55 43 61 61 49 Quite difficult 19 17 16 40 22 14 30 Very difficult 7 9 5 4 3 8 8 No answer 7 3 0 0 8 10 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER503: What is the main reason that makes it difficult for employees in this establishment to combine work with activities and obligations outside work - is it the nature of the work or the attitude of the employer?

Base: Respondents in establishments where combining work and other activities is quite/very difficult (ER502)


Base (unweighted) 1580 1248 68 109 173 32 123 125 23 73 22 70 16 46 230 116 22 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 109 99 2 4 29 1 16 16 1 11 0 5 0 1 5 6 3 Reason for difficulties with work-life balance Nature of work 67 67 73 95 64 72 70 48 70 73 26 84 79 83 70 71 67 Employer's attitude 9 9 3 14 13 6 10 3 23 7 4 4 7 9 9 Both of equal importance 22 21 22 3 22 28 15 43 19 17 33 4 15 11 23 17 2 No answer 3 3 1 2 0 2 3 1 6 18 4 2 2 1 4 22 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 332 56 23 48 55 59 91 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 10 1 0 1 3 4 1 Reason for difficulties with work-life balance Nature of work 66 64 77 87 84 45 70 Employer's attitude 8 1 2 1 16 13 Both of equal importance 26 33 23 10 15 39 14 No answer 1 1 2 0 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Question ER504: In your opinion, to what extent should a company take into consideration the private responsibilities of its employees in its work organisation and working time regulations? Please answer on a scale from 0 to 10, whereby 0 means 'It is not at all the task of a company' and 10 means 'The company should definitely consider them'.



Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 349 7 23 104 3 42 50 2 37 1 23 3 3 17 27 10 Work-life balance as task of the company 0 = It is not at all the task ... 2 1 1 3 0 4 2 11 2 2 0 3 0 2 4 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 1 2 0 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 0 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 4 4 2 3 7 3 1 1 3 4 3 4 2 4 2 4 5 5 9 10 9 0 0 5 3 2 5 4 13 2 5 3 5 25 24 17 22 24 24 21 39 14 26 29 12 22 38 13 30 10 6 11 12 20 7 12 12 11 10 9 12 10 15 12 14 12 10 14 7 17 18 18 15 15 32 16 17 6 19 21 32 12 6 20 18 20 8 18 18 20 16 18 13 17 12 23 16 15 28 13 29 32 18 22 9 3 3 5 7 2 9 3 2 13 6 1 4 3 10 1 5 10 = The company should definitely consider ... 11 11 7 13 11 11 21 8 19 10 6 2 13 8 7 8 21 No answer 1 1 1 1 4 0 2 5 0 2 2 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 6,4 6,4 6,5 6,4 6,3 7,0 6,9 6,0 6,7 6,5 6,0 6,6 6,1 6,7 7,1 6,0 7,1






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 38 5 0 2 11 16 3 Work-life balance as task of the company 0 = It is not at all the task ... 3 2 2 4 3 1 1 2 7 1 0 2 0 2 1 0 0 1 3 5 14 0 4 4 3 9 4 5 9 2 9 3 5 5 5 35 33 18 34 37 38 24 6 9 9 15 10 4 13 7 7 12 2 23 15 19 9 13 8 15 23 10 14 11 17 16 9 2 0 3 2 4 2 3 10 = The company should definitely consider ... 10 6 24 5 10 10 16 No answer 2 1 2 5 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 6,1 5,6 7,1 5,7 6,2 6,1 6,3



Question ER550: How would you describe the relationship between the management and the employee representation in your establishment? Is it ...Question ER551: Does your establishment encounter any of the following problems?



Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 349 7 23 104 3 42 50 2 37 1 23 3 3 17 27 10 Relationship management - employee representation Very co-operative 27 26 17 61 29 30 14 12 46 8 33 39 28 54 21 34 37 Quite co-operative 53 53 66 31 54 50 53 56 35 56 59 48 56 32 67 56 48 Quite strained 15 16 12 5 14 20 22 24 15 28 1 10 9 5 11 5 11 Very strained 4 4 4 2 3 0 10 6 2 7 5 2 3 5 0 2 1 No answer 1 1 1 1 0 2 2 3 1 5 3 1 3 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Employee-related problems High absenteeism and/or sickness rate 21 21 37 16 18 3 18 32 22 18 24 21 16 5 27 20 41 Difficulties in finding staff for skilled jobs 35 37 67 17 34 21 43 54 59 23 39 32 47 20 33 49 24 Difficulties in finding staff for low skilled or unskilled jobs 11 12 33 6 8 1 14 23 16 9 20 5 7 6 12 14 9 Difficulties in retaining staff 15 15 27 12 5 11 23 31 34 16 24 16 15 17 9 14 18 A need to reduce staff levels 24 24 13 30 38 1 8 22 27 14 15 25 17 8 12 27 2 Low motivation of staff 28 29 37 11 27 13 31 48 36 37 36 18 12 17 23 23 24 Other problems 16 17 14 8 30 0 1 24 1 13 5 14 8 5 20 2 1 No problems 27 26 5 43 24 64 27 13 21 34 22 27 23 36 24 22 41 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 17 0 Total (Multiple responses) 177 180 231 142 183 114 165 246 215 163 193 158 146 131 159 171 159






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 38 5 0 2 11 16 3 Relationship management - employee representation Very co-operative 40 35 33 25 36 47 30 Quite co-operative 51 57 64 63 58 43 55 Quite strained 7 3 1 9 5 10 10 Very strained 1 5 1 1 1 0 3 No answer 1 1 2 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Employee-related problems High absenteeism and/or sickness rate 16 40 12 6 17 7 31 Difficulties in finding staff for skilled jobs 22 46 33 42 22 11 31 Difficulties in finding staff for low skilled or unskilled jobs 5 8 6 12 5 1 16 Difficulties in retaining staff 12 22 12 9 12 9 10 A need to reduce staff levels 24 43 7 12 20 26 13 Low motivation of staff 19 34 19 19 28 6 28 Other problems 8 21 16 11 5 6 5 No problems 41 23 26 29 37 53 31 No answer 0 0 1 0 1 Total (Multiple responses) 147 237 133 140 145 119 166



Question ER553: Roughly what proportion of the employees at this workplace is a member of a trade union?Question ER554: Are you yourself a member of a trade union?



Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 349 7 23 104 3 42 50 2 37 1 23 3 3 17 27 10 Proportion of trade union members None 7 7 1 0 8 0 12 17 1 3 5 3 0 Less than 20% 29 31 8 0 40 27 51 52 1 16 26 41 31 13 1 1 5 20% to less than 40% 16 16 9 1 25 0 15 19 0 14 26 22 21 9 3 1 18 40% to less than 60% 12 11 18 5 13 3 8 5 10 28 15 14 14 6 8 4 14 60% to less than 80% 10 9 34 7 8 6 4 3 17 20 13 13 17 11 11 8 19 80% to less than 100% 14 14 20 32 1 21 2 1 50 17 5 2 10 57 56 53 23 All 8 9 5 51 1 36 3 20 4 4 1 1 19 32 13 Don't know 3 3 4 4 3 6 5 2 2 1 5 4 2 1 1 1 3 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Respondent is trade union member Yes 77 76 97 97 67 100 64 67 100 91 64 52 92 100 94 100 100 No 23 24 3 3 33 36 33 9 33 48 8 6 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 38 5 0 2 11 16 3 Proportion of trade union members None 9 19 2 21 3 Less than 20% 17 11 15 23 16 6 20% to less than 40% 16 16 5 16 11 22 7 40% to less than 60% 19 21 11 15 18 21 19 60% to less than 80% 16 20 11 14 16 13 24 80% to less than 100% 18 6 23 31 8 25 32 All 4 7 48 9 3 6 Don't know 1 1 3 4 No answer 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Respondent is trade union member Yes 84 80 94 100 58 100 87 No 16 20 6 42 13 No answer 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100


10

2.2 Employee proportional tables

2.2.1 Management interviews (employee proportional)

Establishment Survey on Working Time and Work-Life Balance 2004 Table MM-EMP 1.01Management Interviews

Country



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Country Belgium 2 3 100 Denmark 2 2 100 Germany 22 25 100 Greece 1 1 100 Spain 8 9 100 France 13 15 100 Ireland 1 1 100 Italy 9 11 100 Luxembourg 0 0 100 Netherlands 5 5 100 Austria 2 2 100 Portugal 2 2 100 Finland 1 1 100 Sweden 2 3 100 United Kingdom 16 18 100 Czech Republic 2 Cyprus 0 Latvia 0 Hungary 2 Poland 7 Slovenia 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

**) EMPLOYEE-PROPORTIONAL ANALYSIS TNS Infratest Sozialforschung 2006 (continued)


Country



Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Country Belgium Denmark Germany Greece Spain France Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Austria Portugal Finland Sweden United Kingdom Czech Republic 20 100 Cyprus 1 100 Latvia 4 100 Hungary 17 100 Poland 56 100 Slovenia 3 100 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

**) EMPLOYEE-PROPORTIONAL ANALYSIS TNS Infratest Sozialforschung 2006


Sector of activity



Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Sector of activity Mining and quarrying (NACE C) 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 Manufacturing industries (NACE D) 26 25 19 19 28 24 30 23 25 31 24 16 24 34 27 20 20 Electricity, gas and water supply (NACE E) 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 Construction (NACE F) 5 5 6 6 5 2 6 4 6 6 14 5 8 7 3 5 4 Retail, repair (NACE G) 17 17 28 13 12 29 17 16 20 13 23 12 23 30 15 9 25 Hotels and restaurants (NACE H) 4 4 3 2 3 8 5 4 3 5 5 1 5 2 2 1 7 Transport, storage and communication (NACE I) 5 5 10 5 4 6 7 8 2 8 7 2 6 6 6 6 3 Financial intermediation (NACE J) 4 5 2 4 6 1 2 2 5 8 12 6 5 1 2 2 4 Real estate, renting and business activities (NACE K) 9 10 15 11 6 7 15 9 15 8 6 15 13 6 13 15 10 Public administration (NACE L) 10 10 13 9 10 17 10 18 8 10 8 9 3 8 16 8 5 Education (NACE M) 6 6 0 11 6 1 1 1 4 4 17 1 1 4 13 9 Health and social work (NACE N) 9 9 2 13 14 3 2 12 8 4 16 4 0 4 15 9 Other community, social and personal services (NACE O) 3 3 3 6 4 1 3 0 3 3 1 0 5 2 5 5 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Sector of activity



Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Sector of activity Mining and quarrying (NACE C) 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 Manufacturing industries (NACE D) 31 39 19 20 29 29 34 Electricity, gas and water supply (NACE E) 3 2 4 4 3 4 Construction (NACE F) 7 6 10 8 5 7 7 Retail, repair (NACE G) 15 17 25 10 21 13 14 Hotels and restaurants (NACE H) 3 6 12 1 3 1 2 Transport, storage and communication (NACE I) 5 7 3 8 8 4 4 Financial intermediation (NACE J) 2 1 7 2 3 2 2 Real estate, renting and business activities (NACE K) 7 7 3 9 11 6 8 Public administration (NACE L) 10 8 17 13 10 10 7 Education (NACE M) 9 3 2 12 1 14 7 Health and social work (NACE N) 4 3 1 5 1 6 5 Other community, social and personal services (NACE O) 4 2 1 6 4 4 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Type of establishment Single site 55 52 55 52 58 60 58 46 75 66 61 50 69 51 55 29 38 Multi-site: headquarters 19 20 29 22 23 32 24 13 14 18 16 23 23 30 23 27 16 Multi-site: subsidiaries 23 24 10 24 18 7 17 25 10 16 18 27 7 18 20 41 45 No answer (MM100) 1 1 6 1 1 7 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 No answer (MM101) 2 2 0 1 0 1 9 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 3 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Type of establishment Single site 75 71 71 70 68 78 72 Multi-site: headquarters 14 21 22 9 19 9 25 Multi-site: subsidiaries 12 8 3 20 13 12 3 No answer (MM100) 0 0 2 1 0 No answer (MM101) 0 0 2 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Number of employees 10 - 19 employees 16 16 10 19 14 39 15 17 16 20 12 13 17 31 15 15 13 20 - 49 employees 21 21 17 23 18 25 19 21 22 23 16 18 23 23 23 22 23 50 - 199 employees 27 27 28 33 27 16 26 25 26 30 24 30 29 20 31 32 28 200 - 499 employees 15 15 17 13 16 11 17 14 17 13 14 17 15 12 13 13 16 500 and more employees 21 21 27 11 25 9 23 23 18 14 33 23 16 15 18 18 20 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Number of employees 10 - 19 employees 18 19 15 13 20 17 17 20 - 49 employees 22 24 21 22 22 21 23 50 - 199 employees 27 24 27 38 25 27 25 200 - 499 employees 15 14 20 15 14 15 14 500 and more employees 19 19 17 11 18 20 20 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Female proportion None at all 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 Less than 20% 25 25 35 23 25 25 30 26 19 32 52 28 35 34 23 20 16 20% to less than 40% 17 17 23 17 17 25 24 13 21 20 15 17 20 20 18 19 13 40% to less than 60% 22 23 20 23 25 27 23 23 28 20 20 20 22 19 19 21 23 60% to less than 80% 18 18 11 20 19 12 11 22 15 12 9 16 12 11 21 17 22 80% to less than 100% 13 13 7 13 11 9 8 14 12 8 1 14 7 11 16 19 19 All 1 1 0 2 2 0 0 1 1 3 0 1 1 0 1 3 1 No answer 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 0 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Skilled jobs None at all 5 5 4 5 1 4 5 2 7 7 0 2 3 5 2 6 14 Less than 20% 15 15 13 13 5 33 23 16 21 21 19 8 13 31 8 15 23 20% to less than 40% 13 13 12 9 10 16 21 14 20 14 15 7 13 17 6 10 15 40% to less than 60% 11 11 16 13 9 13 13 11 14 12 11 6 12 11 9 12 12 60% to less than 80% 14 14 15 12 18 14 9 16 13 12 10 10 14 10 13 16 11 80% to less than 100% 24 24 19 29 37 14 14 24 18 14 17 39 25 16 36 24 13 All 16 15 18 19 19 6 12 15 8 19 22 25 18 7 25 14 8 No answer 2 2 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 6 2 2 2 1 2 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Female proportion None at all 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 Less than 20% 26 25 23 21 26 26 28 20% to less than 40% 17 22 18 13 17 16 22 40% to less than 60% 18 21 27 16 21 16 19 60% to less than 80% 18 18 20 20 18 18 15 80% to less than 100% 18 12 11 27 15 22 14 All 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 No answer 0 1 1 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Skilled jobs None at all 2 1 4 1 2 3 2 Less than 20% 13 10 32 12 10 12 47 20% to less than 40% 10 10 16 9 10 10 19 40% to less than 60% 13 11 14 16 14 12 12 60% to less than 80% 15 14 14 20 14 16 8 80% to less than 100% 27 29 17 32 26 28 11 All 19 23 3 9 24 18 1 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Groups of employees Fixed-term contracts or temporary contracts 73 73 66 58 76 45 80 80 66 60 54 83 42 90 90 86 65 Temporary agency workers 37 41 64 63 32 9 37 49 37 31 44 62 33 16 32 35 51 Freelancers 23 21 20 22 26 30 15 12 22 31 8 28 19 13 22 23 18 None of these 17 17 14 22 17 41 14 11 30 23 31 10 36 8 7 9 21 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 151 152 165 165 151 125 147 153 154 145 138 184 132 128 150 153 155 Employee-related problems High absenteeism and/or sickness rate 23 23 19 22 20 6 25 36 22 17 26 16 17 10 23 22 25 Difficulties in finding staff for skilled jobs 36 37 55 18 31 36 33 55 38 34 34 28 42 16 40 27 37 Difficulties in finding staff for low skilled or unskilled jobs 12 13 19 7 5 12 19 18 21 8 7 7 9 8 7 6 22 Difficulties in retaining staff 10 10 11 5 4 12 10 15 14 10 5 5 6 3 6 5 16 A need to reduce staff levels 22 23 15 27 44 11 7 18 23 13 22 28 14 12 20 28 12 Low motivation of staff 16 17 16 11 16 5 8 29 27 18 24 11 11 10 16 13 15 Other problems 8 8 13 4 14 2 1 14 2 2 5 12 4 4 11 12 2 No problems 33 31 21 43 27 47 38 18 33 40 31 35 37 56 31 34 34 No answer 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 Total (Multiple responses) 160 161 169 138 163 130 141 204 180 142 156 142 141 120 155 147 165






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Groups of employees Fixed-term contracts or temporary contracts 75 95 44 60 55 75 81 Temporary agency workers 11 16 7 12 15 5 60 Freelancers 36 45 37 21 5 45 24 None of these 17 3 43 34 40 14 8 Don't know 0 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 140 159 132 127 114 139 174 Employee-related problems High absenteeism and/or sickness rate 20 34 11 24 17 16 33 Difficulties in finding staff for skilled jobs 31 44 52 58 26 26 36 Difficulties in finding staff for low skilled or unskilled jobs 7 10 21 21 7 3 20 Difficulties in retaining staff 11 14 13 25 9 10 8 A need to reduce staff levels 18 27 14 11 13 17 18 Low motivation of staff 16 20 11 21 11 16 13 Other problems 6 10 11 9 2 6 5 No problems 42 28 23 22 50 46 30 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 151 187 157 191 136 141 162






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Working time agreements Yes 70 73 73 76 85 67 83 85 54 50 63 80 71 51 90 94 55 No 29 26 26 23 15 33 16 15 45 50 36 20 26 48 9 5 41 No answer 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 3 1 0 0 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Working time agreements Yes 44 39 60 51 54 40 79 No 55 60 40 48 46 59 21 No answer 1 1 0 1 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Weekly working hours Less than 30 hours 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 2 0 1 0 2 30 to less than 35 hours 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 6 1 1 0 0 1 0 3 35 hours 14 16 2 1 9 1 6 68 7 1 0 0 12 1 1 11 More than 35 to less than 40 hours 42 47 86 94 58 12 19 26 60 35 15 67 58 10 68 38 57 40 hours 37 30 9 1 25 84 70 1 19 58 83 28 32 76 27 57 18 More than 40 hours 4 4 0 1 5 2 2 2 6 2 2 4 4 2 2 3 8 No answer 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 3 1 1 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 38,3 38,1 37,9 37,1 38,5 39,7 39,2 35,8 38,5 38,5 39,9 37,9 38,9 39,2 38,1 39,3 38,0






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Weekly working hours Less than 30 hours 1 0 0 2 0 1 30 to less than 35 hours 0 1 0 1 0 1 35 hours 1 1 1 1 1 0 More than 35 to less than 40 hours 7 28 71 3 1 2 40 hours 87 63 23 86 95 93 98 More than 40 hours 3 7 5 4 3 2 1 No answer 1 0 0 3 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 39,8 39,5 38,7 39,7 40,0 39,8 40,0






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Economic situation Very good 17 18 21 28 8 24 23 17 32 14 21 12 27 22 19 18 28 Quite good 61 60 65 55 59 62 59 62 60 66 72 70 59 56 64 55 56 Quite bad 12 12 8 11 21 9 6 10 3 13 2 12 7 5 13 19 7 Very bad 2 2 1 3 4 3 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 3 5 1 No answer 7 7 5 3 8 3 11 9 5 4 4 4 6 16 2 2 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Size of workforce Increased 37 37 42 37 21 49 53 43 50 35 42 42 41 35 38 38 44 Decreased 27 26 24 25 39 17 17 22 16 27 24 28 21 28 25 36 18 Stayed about the same 36 35 34 37 39 33 29 35 35 37 34 30 38 36 37 26 36 No answer 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Public sector Yes 28 27 21 36 28 17 17 33 22 23 11 46 9 12 29 42 25 No 71 73 79 63 72 83 82 67 78 77 88 54 90 88 71 58 73 No answer 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Economic situation Very good 17 24 31 6 12 16 14 Quite good 64 64 53 70 61 64 68 Quite bad 11 8 3 19 16 10 12 Very bad 2 1 1 2 4 2 1 No answer 6 2 12 3 7 7 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Size of workforce Increased 33 34 39 37 26 33 43 Decreased 30 28 14 22 28 31 31 Stayed about the same 37 38 47 41 46 35 27 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Public sector Yes 38 37 20 43 15 45 29 No 61 61 80 56 85 53 70 No answer 1 1 0 1 0 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 3053 579 349 301 856 620 348 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 948 187 10 33 220 468 31 Ownership Domestic 78 71 89 77 73 83 82 Foreign 18 25 2 14 23 14 15 Equal parts / no majority ownership 2 3 6 5 4 1 3 Don't know 1 1 0 3 0 1 No answer 0 0 3 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100





Column percent Total Country (EU 6) CZ LV HU PL SI

Base (unweighted) 4080 950 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1507 297 57 259 849 44 Existance before 1989/91 Existed before 1989/91 56 47 55 49 61 64 Newly founded since 1989/91 43 52 44 50 38 36 Don't know 1 0 1 1 1 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Variations of workload Within the same day 19 21 27 42 17 17 16 28 26 11 16 26 9 5 20 29 26 From day to day within a normal working week 31 33 37 44 30 23 28 45 29 23 26 36 19 11 32 47 39 Within a year, e.g. seasonal variations 49 50 60 53 50 62 34 70 54 36 55 42 48 48 56 49 47 None of these 29 27 25 23 24 23 32 19 32 36 37 33 34 35 22 22 28 No answer 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 2 1 0 1 6 1 1 2 Total (Multiple responses) 130 132 149 163 122 125 112 163 142 108 134 136 111 105 130 147 142






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Variations of workload Within the same day 8 10 25 14 6 8 20 From day to day within a normal working week 14 16 26 23 14 12 30 Within a year, e.g. seasonal variations 44 51 64 35 40 43 35 None of these 45 43 21 39 50 47 24 No answer 1 0 0 2 1 1 1 Total (Multiple responses) 112 120 136 112 110 110 110






Base (unweighted) 7420 6368 392 512 608 296 573 717 168 476 131 457 246 180 390 531 691 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 4528 4260 120 108 1014 45 368 779 35 348 6 254 58 37 55 158 874 Foreseeability of daily/weekly workload variations Mostly foreseeable 43 43 42 45 34 60 35 40 51 34 37 48 44 58 54 45 56 Mostly not foreseeable 36 36 38 37 46 34 40 29 30 42 29 37 38 31 24 35 27 Both of equal importance 20 21 21 18 19 6 23 31 17 23 34 14 17 11 23 19 15 No answer 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Arrangements mostly used for coping with daily/weekly workload peaks Asking regular staff to work more hours 67 67 73 71 73 63 40 64 56 68 74 72 71 39 79 66 74 Employing staff on call, agency workers or freelancers 33 34 52 32 29 16 45 42 29 17 28 48 20 10 42 27 31 Outsourcing tasks to other firms 17 17 39 12 18 5 22 19 8 6 31 27 13 10 23 14 15 Employing part-time staff for peak hours or peak days 30 31 23 19 40 13 18 22 29 6 22 33 24 5 29 39 45 Others 16 16 13 15 24 16 1 27 4 8 14 17 11 12 22 20 5 None 5 5 4 5 2 9 9 4 12 9 7 2 3 32 1 3 6 Don't know 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 No answer 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Total (Multiple responses) 169 170 204 154 186 122 141 178 139 114 176 200 143 109 196 169 176






Base (unweighted) 1052 190 151 173 164 152 222 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 268 57 4 18 41 127 20 Foreseeability of daily/weekly workload variations Mostly foreseeable 49 49 71 50 51 50 39 Mostly not foreseeable 32 26 23 29 35 36 29 Both of equal importance 17 25 5 20 12 13 31 No answer 1 0 1 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Arrangements mostly used for coping with daily/weekly workload peaks Asking regular staff to work more hours 66 78 75 54 66 62 71 Employing staff on call, agency workers or freelancers 16 35 18 19 6 6 40 Outsourcing tasks to other firms 16 31 11 14 6 13 13 Employing part-time staff for peak hours or peak days 13 20 19 16 7 13 6 Others 19 23 7 14 22 18 12 None 9 3 9 16 5 13 4 Don't know 0 1 No answer 0 1 1 0 Total (Multiple responses) 139 189 139 133 114 124 146






Base (unweighted) 10153 8171 540 544 749 612 488 1050 250 534 206 421 476 538 571 509 683 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 5932 5265 174 108 1341 93 329 1133 52 407 12 242 117 125 79 147 904 Foreseeability of annual variations Mostly foreseeable 69 69 66 73 65 85 63 62 79 62 56 76 73 79 77 69 80 Mostly not foreseeable 17 17 20 16 23 12 21 14 15 24 13 20 16 11 12 17 10 Both of equal importance 13 14 13 11 11 2 15 24 6 14 31 4 10 10 11 14 9 No answer 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Arrangements mostly used for coping with workload peaks within a year Asking regular staff to work more hours 67 67 62 69 84 62 33 62 57 60 72 72 69 41 72 63 70 Employing staff on call, agency workers or freelancers 36 38 63 33 31 16 53 47 30 22 42 56 30 23 39 34 36 Employing additional staff with fixed-term contracts 43 43 39 29 40 36 37 57 36 27 23 38 22 31 57 62 46 Outsourcing tasks to other firms 19 19 37 15 21 6 17 23 10 9 39 29 11 13 25 19 15 Asking staff to postpone holidays 28 29 31 8 53 8 13 28 13 7 44 21 30 6 35 22 20 Others 15 15 13 11 27 7 1 18 7 6 16 16 13 8 20 18 5 None 3 3 1 4 2 4 5 1 5 5 4 4 2 9 1 2 4 Don't know 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 211 214 245 169 257 138 161 234 158 137 240 236 178 131 249 220 196






Base (unweighted) 1982 479 244 189 423 471 176 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 667 152 8 20 102 369 15 Foreseeability of annual variations Mostly foreseeable 73 74 85 78 64 75 70 Mostly not foreseeable 15 10 10 12 23 16 19 Both of equal importance 11 16 5 10 12 9 10 No answer 0 0 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Arrangements mostly used for coping with workload peaks within a year Asking regular staff to work more hours 64 88 64 56 66 53 69 Employing staff on call, agency workers or freelancers 23 55 24 14 19 12 31 Employing additional staff with fixed-term contracts 38 37 30 35 19 45 38 Outsourcing tasks to other firms 21 35 8 21 13 19 18 Asking staff to postpone holidays 25 32 19 18 22 24 10 Others 12 11 8 11 15 12 6 None 3 1 3 9 4 4 3 Don't know 0 0 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 187 259 157 164 157 168 175






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Part-time proportion None at all 23 22 13 20 10 81 48 19 26 37 24 5 15 82 29 11 15 Less than 20% 49 47 54 54 50 16 44 59 44 52 66 34 63 14 60 57 36 20% to less than 40% 14 15 23 12 23 2 4 14 14 6 7 22 14 1 5 14 15 40% to less than 60% 7 7 4 7 11 1 2 4 6 1 2 15 3 1 3 7 11 60% to less than 80% 5 5 3 3 4 0 1 2 7 1 0 14 2 1 2 5 13 80% to less than 100% 2 2 2 3 2 0 1 1 1 1 9 1 0 1 3 5 All 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 Don't know 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Part-time proportion None at all 30 33 63 39 43 23 44 Less than 20% 61 62 29 51 51 66 54 20% to less than 40% 6 3 7 5 3 8 2 40% to less than 60% 2 1 1 2 1 2 60% to less than 80% 1 1 0 0 1 80% to less than 100% 1 0 0 1 1 1 All 0 0 1 0 0 Don't know 0 1 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13404 10798 779 752 1277 204 726 1087 328 882 208 920 806 193 629 846 1161 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 9293 8229 254 162 2413 29 504 1303 72 703 16 551 205 45 101 265 1606 Forms of part-time work Some fixed hours every day 74 73 74 75 79 68 65 65 70 84 86 71 66 64 41 73 73 Other fixed cycles, e.g. some fixed days of the week in full-time, the other days off 49 52 75 57 58 17 18 62 54 23 59 82 34 19 70 67 45 Flexible working hours which are fixed a few days or hours in advance according to the establishment's needs 31 33 26 21 46 27 13 21 29 9 25 37 33 11 28 31 40 Other forms of part-time work 12 12 18 9 18 1 11 16 14 4 20 14 6 9 30 12 5 Don't know 1 1 0 1 0 4 0 0 1 1 1 3 1 0 2 No answer 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 Total (Multiple responses) 166 172 193 161 202 113 113 164 168 121 191 205 141 106 171 184 164






Base (unweighted) 2606 598 117 319 517 820 235 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1064 200 5 35 147 653 25 Forms of part-time work Some fixed hours every day 74 82 71 49 85 70 82 Other fixed cycles, e.g. some fixed days of the week in full-time, the other days off 21 14 20 27 10 26 3 Flexible working hours which are fixed a few days or hours in advance according to the establishment's needs 16 23 43 36 11 14 12 Other forms of part-time work 7 10 7 7 2 6 7 Don't know 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 No answer 0 0 1 2 0 1 Total (Multiple responses) 118 130 144 123 109 117 105






Base (unweighted) 13404 10798 779 752 1277 204 726 1087 328 882 208 920 806 193 629 846 1161 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 9293 8229 254 162 2413 29 504 1303 72 703 16 551 205 45 101 265 1606 Reasons for introducing part-time work Mainly the needs of the establishment 25 22 10 15 23 64 40 18 22 12 15 8 23 49 26 19 30 Mainly the wishes of the employees 46 48 62 52 44 11 38 59 50 69 66 64 45 19 53 57 30 Both of equal importance 24 25 20 31 31 22 13 16 26 15 16 26 29 24 19 18 35 Mainly because of other reasons 4 3 6 0 2 3 6 7 1 4 2 2 2 7 2 5 2 Don't know 1 1 2 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 3 No answer 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Proportion of male part-timers None at all 40 41 23 49 46 29 36 48 42 56 35 28 50 26 21 33 32 Less than 20% 37 38 49 31 42 38 36 35 30 31 58 43 36 50 24 39 35 20% to less than 40% 7 7 13 5 5 5 5 6 9 3 3 14 4 3 13 8 12 40% to less than 60% 7 6 5 9 3 11 10 4 12 5 3 7 5 7 19 10 11 60% to less than 80% 2 1 4 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 0 1 1 3 5 2 2 80% to less than 100% 2 2 4 1 1 7 3 2 2 1 3 1 4 7 2 1 All 3 2 2 2 1 8 5 2 4 2 1 2 1 4 9 3 1 No answer 2 2 1 3 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 3 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2606 598 117 319 517 820 235 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1064 200 5 35 147 653 25 Reasons for introducing part-time work Mainly the needs of the establishment 47 28 68 42 34 58 13 Mainly the wishes of the employees 29 45 8 32 34 22 32 Both of equal importance 15 20 17 15 24 11 7 Mainly because of other reasons 8 7 7 6 6 7 47 Don't know 1 2 1 1 No answer 0 0 3 1 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Proportion of male part-timers None at all 29 45 19 37 40 21 25 Less than 20% 34 32 44 36 30 36 45 20% to less than 40% 5 4 4 4 5 6 4 40% to less than 60% 13 8 18 9 12 15 7 60% to less than 80% 4 2 1 2 2 5 1 80% to less than 100% 5 2 2 5 4 6 8 All 9 5 7 4 5 11 8 No answer 1 2 5 3 1 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13404 10798 779 752 1277 204 726 1087 328 882 208 920 806 193 629 846 1161 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 9293 8229 254 162 2413 29 504 1303 72 703 16 551 205 45 101 265 1606 Part-timers are ... Mothers with pre-school and school-age children 75 80 81 80 82 41 65 85 82 80 77 89 82 27 57 82 79 Women without children or mothers with grown-up children 55 59 66 71 69 50 29 50 61 32 65 78 44 12 61 71 67 Fathers 31 33 52 28 27 29 23 32 33 17 39 56 18 12 36 50 41 People who take care of elderly, ill or disabled family relatives 20 22 29 14 32 1 10 12 25 13 13 14 9 8 11 14 29 Students or pupils 25 27 16 34 25 37 26 17 48 10 10 31 18 32 41 26 44 Disabled persons or workers with poor health 31 31 24 44 37 3 8 33 28 16 36 41 15 4 28 50 32 Young people early in their working lives 21 23 24 28 16 42 23 17 33 7 27 33 12 17 25 18 41 Others 12 9 19 3 14 4 1 11 1 5 2 9 9 33 28 6 4 Don't know 2 2 1 2 0 1 5 1 1 2 2 1 3 5 2 1 4 No answer 1 1 2 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 3 0 0 1 Total (Multiple responses) 273 287 313 306 304 208 192 257 312 184 271 351 211 153 287 318 342 Change from part-time into full-time He or she usually gets an appr. full-time job quickly 32 32 46 30 15 23 41 48 34 45 40 23 35 29 32 40 36 He or she has to wait for some time 32 34 26 34 41 36 29 30 44 28 28 38 34 21 35 34 32 It would be possible only exceptionally 15 15 7 20 23 15 9 11 9 11 10 13 13 14 18 12 13 There is practically no chance 11 10 10 7 15 7 7 7 5 7 2 15 6 8 9 7 5 Not applicable, has never happened 7 7 11 7 5 19 10 3 7 8 6 9 9 25 5 4 8 No answer 3 3 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 2 13 3 3 2 1 2 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2606 598 117 319 517 820 235 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1064 200 5 35 147 653 25 Part-timers are ... Mothers with pre-school and school-age children 32 56 52 39 41 22 27 Women without children or mothers with grown-up children 24 28 44 20 20 24 10 Fathers 18 12 23 12 15 21 5 People who take care of elderly, ill or disabled family relatives 5 9 2 5 8 4 2 Students or pupils 8 14 37 24 8 6 1 Disabled persons or workers with poor health 28 55 6 7 37 17 81 Young people early in their working lives 12 6 19 14 8 15 3 Others 30 19 11 28 23 36 12 Don't know 4 1 12 3 3 5 No answer 2 0 3 3 1 3 1 Total (Multiple responses) 164 201 209 155 164 153 142 Change from part-time into full-time He or she usually gets an appr. full-time job quickly 29 60 33 38 26 20 16 He or she has to wait for some time 17 13 42 15 14 19 10 It would be possible only exceptionally 18 12 14 13 13 22 12 There is practically no chance 25 10 2 19 17 31 41 Not applicable, has never happened 9 5 6 11 28 6 17 No answer 2 1 3 4 2 2 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Change from full-time into part-time in skilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 30 32 36 31 31 7 24 36 24 20 19 44 26 8 16 39 42 He or she has to wait for some time 24 25 32 27 29 6 19 25 30 28 25 29 26 7 35 34 22 It would be possible only exceptionally 21 20 12 20 24 9 19 20 18 22 18 14 22 11 31 14 17 There is practically no chance 12 11 9 8 12 15 13 14 12 15 18 7 11 20 14 6 5 Not applicable, has never happened 10 10 5 11 4 63 22 4 16 13 8 3 12 52 4 7 8 No answer 2 3 5 2 1 0 3 1 1 2 13 3 2 2 1 1 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from full-time into part-time in unskilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 32 34 46 21 34 9 24 47 27 23 23 30 22 10 31 45 40 He or she has to wait for some time 19 20 20 17 20 9 19 21 27 26 20 20 18 8 31 25 21 It would be possible only exceptionally 14 13 10 17 14 9 16 13 16 17 21 11 17 11 19 8 12 There is practically no chance 12 11 8 8 15 14 12 11 8 13 12 8 16 14 8 3 5 Not applicable, has never happened 19 19 15 32 16 59 26 8 20 18 21 28 24 55 7 17 16 No answer 3 3 1 5 1 0 4 1 2 3 4 3 3 2 4 2 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Change from full-time into part-time in skilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 21 29 10 19 15 21 14 He or she has to wait for some time 15 17 9 17 8 16 11 It would be possible only exceptionally 32 33 23 29 21 36 31 There is practically no chance 17 9 13 18 23 17 27 Not applicable, has never happened 13 11 45 13 31 8 15 No answer 1 1 0 3 1 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from full-time into part-time in unskilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 23 35 9 20 11 24 13 He or she has to wait for some time 12 12 10 15 5 14 11 It would be possible only exceptionally 20 18 16 19 13 22 23 There is practically no chance 19 13 16 18 24 20 25 Not applicable, has never happened 23 20 48 22 43 18 21 No answer 3 2 1 6 4 2 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13404 10798 779 752 1277 204 726 1087 328 882 208 920 806 193 629 846 1161 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 9293 8229 254 162 2413 29 504 1303 72 703 16 551 205 45 101 265 1606 Motivation of part-time workers More motivated 10 11 7 5 17 7 11 7 16 11 6 7 16 9 12 6 9 Less motivated 8 8 10 4 6 18 6 12 13 10 7 8 5 12 19 5 6 No difference 79 79 82 87 76 73 78 80 70 77 83 82 75 74 66 86 81 Don't know 2 2 1 2 1 0 4 1 0 2 3 2 4 4 4 3 2 No answer 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Promotion prospects of part-time workers Better than those of a full-timer with comparable qual. 1 1 2 1 0 2 4 1 1 2 2 0 2 3 1 0 1 About the same 60 59 53 50 45 54 60 75 61 55 49 57 50 59 45 62 72 Slightly worse 22 23 26 27 28 18 25 16 21 29 33 31 28 19 27 22 15 Significantly worse 11 11 14 11 21 19 4 6 9 10 11 6 13 6 20 6 4 Don't know 3 3 3 6 2 4 6 1 6 2 3 2 4 12 4 6 3 No answer 4 3 1 6 4 3 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 1 3 4 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Part-time makes work organisation Easier 17 18 9 16 23 51 16 11 15 9 8 9 23 14 21 17 21 More complicated 35 37 69 26 33 14 31 54 41 39 49 60 24 17 51 38 20 No difference 46 43 21 55 42 35 49 35 42 49 39 30 50 66 25 43 55 Don't know 1 1 0 1 1 3 0 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 1 2 No answer 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2606 598 117 319 517 820 235 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1064 200 5 35 147 653 25 Motivation of part-time workers More motivated 4 5 3 5 5 4 3 Less motivated 8 8 21 15 5 9 18 No difference 84 85 76 77 87 84 71 Don't know 2 2 0 2 2 2 5 No answer 1 1 1 2 0 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Promotion prospects of part-time workers Better than those of a full-timer with comparable qual. 1 1 0 2 1 1 About the same 67 65 31 60 57 71 61 Slightly worse 11 18 21 15 9 9 16 Significantly worse 8 9 22 8 7 7 9 Don't know 7 5 6 7 15 6 3 No answer 5 2 21 7 10 5 10 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Part-time makes work organisation Easier 16 7 82 9 16 19 6 More complicated 18 21 8 33 9 17 53 No difference 65 71 8 54 71 63 35 Don't know 1 1 2 2 0 2 No answer 1 0 2 2 2 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Unusual working hours At night between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. 37 37 40 35 35 26 46 41 33 25 44 31 32 19 36 33 43 On Saturdays 49 50 51 41 48 42 42 60 58 39 60 42 44 29 46 43 61 On Sundays 37 37 37 36 37 29 34 38 36 24 48 31 29 10 40 40 52 None of these 44 43 43 52 47 54 44 33 37 54 34 53 48 58 49 52 33 Don't know 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 3 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 168 167 171 165 167 152 165 173 164 142 188 158 155 121 170 168 189






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Unusual working hours At night between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. 42 42 34 52 32 45 35 On Saturdays 44 47 62 62 36 43 46 On Sundays 38 41 33 57 27 38 37 None of these 48 45 36 32 57 48 47 Don't know 0 0 0 0 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 172 176 164 203 153 174 167






Base (unweighted) 6285 4734 295 355 390 237 543 525 145 342 63 245 276 206 302 282 528 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 4519 3881 116 71 946 40 442 671 32 282 9 179 78 51 51 99 817 Proportion work at night Less than 20% 54 55 65 61 47 70 66 59 55 40 33 57 51 64 42 51 58 20% to less than 40% 22 21 18 13 25 17 16 21 19 20 31 20 24 19 19 23 22 40% to less than 60% 11 11 8 8 19 3 6 10 8 14 29 8 12 7 19 10 6 60% to less than 80% 6 6 6 6 7 7 5 4 9 12 2 7 5 5 11 5 4 80% to less than 100% 3 3 2 4 2 1 3 3 2 4 1 5 5 1 6 6 3 All 2 2 1 5 1 1 2 3 3 8 4 0 1 1 2 2 2 No answer 2 2 1 3 0 1 2 0 3 1 0 3 2 4 1 3 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1551 363 100 253 252 440 143 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 638 126 4 29 84 378 16 Proportion work at night Less than 20% 51 41 62 72 52 52 56 20% to less than 40% 23 23 26 11 21 24 26 40% to less than 60% 12 18 2 8 15 9 11 60% to less than 80% 9 13 8 5 8 8 5 80% to less than 100% 3 3 2 2 4 1 All 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 No answer 1 0 0 2 1 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 8667 6771 422 395 623 356 544 770 282 553 144 373 392 314 393 369 841 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 5917 5252 150 83 1290 63 399 974 56 441 13 245 106 74 65 127 1164 Proportion work on Saturdays Less than 20% 41 40 54 44 36 44 54 42 44 35 36 53 45 51 35 36 32 20% to less than 40% 19 18 19 11 20 21 15 17 20 19 29 17 18 24 22 18 18 40% to less than 60% 13 13 15 9 19 11 9 10 9 10 25 13 15 8 17 12 12 60% to less than 80% 10 10 3 7 11 9 10 8 11 9 2 8 8 6 11 7 12 80% to less than 100% 7 8 4 10 4 8 6 11 6 7 3 6 7 4 8 12 11 All 9 10 4 17 8 6 4 12 8 18 5 1 5 4 6 12 11 No answer 2 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 2 0 2 3 2 1 1 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1896 434 212 317 286 437 210 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 665 141 8 35 92 368 20 Proportion work on Saturdays Less than 20% 49 43 48 61 46 51 52 20% to less than 40% 22 23 9 15 22 22 18 40% to less than 60% 12 16 7 12 15 9 15 60% to less than 80% 9 10 11 6 9 9 5 80% to less than 100% 5 5 8 3 5 5 7 All 2 3 16 1 2 2 1 No answer 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 6133 4617 256 352 428 234 413 443 158 318 93 246 250 101 334 339 652 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 4478 3908 108 74 988 44 323 619 35 267 10 180 71 26 56 118 987 Proportion work on Sundays Less than 20% 44 42 57 47 36 52 57 48 46 38 61 50 49 50 36 36 37 20% to less than 40% 19 19 19 10 20 20 12 17 17 19 8 17 16 25 21 18 22 40% to less than 60% 14 14 16 9 20 10 8 13 9 11 26 13 14 11 18 12 13 60% to less than 80% 9 9 2 7 10 10 9 8 8 11 2 9 5 4 11 8 8 80% to less than 100% 6 6 3 8 5 4 7 7 6 5 2 7 8 2 8 13 7 All 6 7 2 16 6 3 3 6 9 14 1 1 6 7 5 11 9 No answer 2 2 1 3 1 3 2 4 2 3 3 0 1 1 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1516 358 114 288 221 378 157 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 570 122 4 32 71 324 16 Proportion work on Sundays Less than 20% 53 48 46 65 46 55 55 20% to less than 40% 19 21 8 14 24 18 22 40% to less than 60% 11 16 8 9 15 9 12 60% to less than 80% 9 9 19 6 10 10 4 80% to less than 100% 5 4 11 3 3 5 3 All 2 2 6 1 1 2 1 No answer 1 1 0 2 1 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Employees with changing working hours Yes 36 35 37 23 48 28 28 42 21 26 35 25 36 21 48 42 26 No 63 64 62 76 52 72 72 58 79 73 56 75 63 79 52 57 72 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 9 0 1 0 0 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Employees with changing working hours Yes 44 36 25 49 38 48 34 No 56 63 75 50 62 51 66 No answer 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 6309 4701 295 241 575 252 351 558 102 370 72 196 303 220 433 383 350 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 4410 3748 109 47 1292 43 271 682 20 295 8 143 87 54 69 126 504 Proportion with changing working hours Less than 20% 29 30 32 36 28 31 26 28 39 38 20 35 33 6 25 28 33 20% to less than 40% 19 18 23 17 18 27 19 15 10 21 12 21 24 40 19 18 17 40% to less than 60% 18 18 15 17 22 11 15 18 18 8 15 18 16 17 21 16 14 60% to less than 80% 17 17 14 7 18 13 19 20 14 9 13 15 13 17 16 12 15 80% to less than 100% 10 9 11 9 9 13 10 12 8 8 34 8 10 6 12 16 7 All 6 7 5 13 4 6 8 8 10 12 4 4 3 9 7 10 10 No answer 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 5 1 1 4 1 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Notification period Less than 1 day 4 5 8 5 1 3 8 5 8 10 1 8 2 9 0 2 8 1 to 3 days 7 7 18 9 4 10 8 5 10 18 4 8 5 15 2 3 9 4 days to less than 2 weeks 20 21 20 10 19 27 19 25 41 26 48 16 16 13 13 8 24 2 weeks to less than 1 month 19 20 15 10 19 13 8 31 20 8 12 19 21 12 38 12 26 1 month or more 44 42 34 48 56 42 48 31 16 30 33 46 53 40 45 70 19 Don't know 3 3 2 6 1 5 6 1 1 4 0 1 3 9 1 2 8 No answer 2 2 2 11 0 1 2 2 5 5 1 2 2 1 1 3 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from shift to normal working hours He/she gets an appr. job during usual work. hours quickly 7 7 11 7 3 9 8 8 15 12 7 3 11 13 3 9 12 He/she has to wait for some time 22 24 28 23 19 7 27 24 18 21 49 30 28 25 26 29 31 It would be possible only exceptionally 34 33 26 27 45 38 25 33 22 28 9 27 25 19 43 26 20 There is practically no chance 27 26 27 21 30 25 18 31 21 23 19 31 23 15 25 23 15 Not applicable, has never happened 7 7 8 18 1 21 17 5 19 12 10 8 8 26 2 10 14 No answer 2 3 0 4 1 4 1 6 3 5 1 4 2 1 3 8 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1608 335 77 244 302 496 154 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 662 108 3 28 99 409 15 Proportion with changing working hours Less than 20% 27 23 24 49 29 26 28 20% to less than 40% 21 21 28 13 17 22 22 40% to less than 60% 20 23 8 15 22 19 14 60% to less than 80% 18 19 30 12 19 17 20 80% to less than 100% 11 11 6 8 9 13 11 All 3 2 4 1 4 3 5 No answer 1 0 2 2 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Notification period Less than 1 day 1 2 8 3 2 1 4 1 to 3 days 6 6 12 10 6 5 20 4 days to less than 2 weeks 19 19 44 13 21 19 18 2 weeks to less than 1 month 16 18 1 17 13 16 9 1 month or more 55 53 33 53 55 56 45 Don't know 1 1 4 2 1 3 No answer 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from shift to normal working hours He/she gets an appr. job during usual work. hours quickly 8 8 2 8 11 8 6 He/she has to wait for some time 15 17 29 27 11 15 13 It would be possible only exceptionally 35 41 31 22 31 35 39 There is practically no chance 34 29 27 31 29 36 31 Not applicable, has never happened 6 3 11 11 16 4 6 No answer 1 1 2 2 2 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Flexible working time arrangements Yes 53 53 47 60 63 30 45 49 57 42 42 52 62 24 71 72 55 No 46 45 51 39 37 70 54 50 43 58 54 46 37 72 29 27 41 No answer 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 3 1 2 3 0 0 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Flexible working time arrangements Yes 51 55 15 57 42 54 37 No 48 44 84 42 56 45 61 No answer 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 10220 8119 388 596 858 280 670 715 287 620 159 473 582 299 676 693 823 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 6418 5638 136 121 1692 45 433 796 55 476 9 303 150 63 101 216 1044 Proportion flexible working hours Less than 20% 23 20 28 19 15 43 27 22 22 27 41 16 16 8 15 10 22 20% to less than 40% 14 14 19 10 14 23 16 17 18 13 13 11 19 41 19 11 10 40% to less than 60% 9 9 8 9 12 6 7 11 8 8 7 9 11 9 9 7 7 60% to less than 80% 7 7 4 4 8 2 5 7 7 5 2 8 7 5 5 6 8 80% to less than 100% 11 11 10 11 15 7 8 10 8 4 3 17 11 5 14 13 10 All 32 34 30 38 35 19 33 30 33 39 34 34 33 15 38 50 33 No answer 4 4 1 8 0 4 3 4 5 0 5 3 17 0 2 10 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Rationale for introduction of flexible working hours To reduce paid overtime hours 18 20 7 10 34 3 8 18 12 9 21 12 29 8 18 14 13 To make working hours more adaptable to variations in workloads 51 53 42 47 75 35 30 57 42 26 62 37 52 42 55 46 48 To enable employees to better combine work and family or personal life 72 74 85 75 81 76 68 83 79 65 88 73 63 46 74 76 66 To cope with commuting problems 26 24 39 13 37 23 8 19 32 12 36 29 18 8 25 19 19 Other reasons 11 10 10 4 14 4 7 13 5 5 9 14 8 13 14 7 7 Don't know 3 4 1 4 2 0 3 1 2 3 3 4 3 2 9 9 No answer 2 2 1 8 0 0 2 1 2 3 1 3 3 2 1 2 4 Total (Multiple responses) 183 187 185 162 243 142 126 191 173 122 216 171 177 121 188 173 167






Base (unweighted) 2101 531 69 325 399 592 185 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 780 164 2 33 110 455 16 Proportion flexible working hours Less than 20% 47 42 59 41 44 50 30 20% to less than 40% 15 19 10 14 17 13 21 40% to less than 60% 7 9 12 7 9 6 7 60% to less than 80% 4 6 1 5 3 3 5 80% to less than 100% 5 6 1 10 4 4 7 All 18 15 14 15 16 19 29 No answer 4 2 4 9 8 4 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Rationale for introduction of flexible working hours To reduce paid overtime hours 10 13 11 6 10 8 12 To make working hours more adaptable to variations in workloads 36 54 31 29 47 27 60 To enable employees to better combine work and family or personal life 55 66 62 56 48 53 44 To cope with commuting problems 38 54 11 8 20 40 21 Other reasons 13 12 11 15 7 15 27 Don't know 2 1 1 4 7 1 0 No answer 2 2 6 4 2 1 Total (Multiple responses) 157 203 128 124 142 146 165






Base (unweighted) 10220 8119 388 596 858 280 670 715 287 620 159 473 582 299 676 693 823 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 6418 5638 136 121 1692 45 433 796 55 476 9 303 150 63 101 216 1044 Effects of flexible working hours A reduction of paid overtime hours 28 30 17 20 49 5 11 28 25 11 17 22 34 8 46 44 19 A better adaptation of working hours to the workloads 60 61 58 50 80 49 37 69 51 33 73 51 50 49 74 60 52 Lower absenteeism 30 31 31 21 38 34 18 29 41 17 32 35 23 13 22 34 36 Higher degree of job satisfaction 65 67 82 74 83 58 57 62 67 50 74 78 63 41 79 76 49 Other positive effects 22 22 22 31 27 8 9 20 19 7 25 23 24 11 26 30 27 Problems of internal and external communication due to varied working times 12 13 13 7 16 5 3 18 6 3 10 20 6 5 21 16 10 Increased costs 7 7 7 4 9 1 1 12 7 2 17 7 3 1 3 5 7 Other negative effects 5 6 13 6 7 2 0 9 1 1 2 11 2 1 8 8 3 Don't know 5 5 2 7 2 1 5 1 5 7 1 5 6 12 3 10 10 No answer 4 4 2 10 0 2 1 4 3 7 2 4 4 1 1 4 10 Total (Multiple responses) 237 245 248 229 312 164 143 253 224 137 254 256 213 142 283 285 224 Accumulation of hours Yes 72 72 66 83 93 27 50 74 60 48 81 73 91 56 93 90 50 No 26 26 33 9 7 73 47 25 38 49 18 23 8 40 6 8 42 No answer 3 3 1 8 3 1 2 3 1 3 1 4 1 2 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2101 531 69 325 399 592 185 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 780 164 2 33 110 455 16 Effects of flexible working hours A reduction of paid overtime hours 14 21 14 11 14 11 17 A better adaptation of working hours to the workloads 51 73 44 35 57 43 67 Lower absenteeism 24 28 18 25 31 21 18 Higher degree of job satisfaction 54 61 27 46 63 50 55 Other positive effects 18 24 10 17 6 19 21 Problems of internal and external communication due to varied working times 5 8 7 3 0 6 5 Increased costs 2 4 1 0 2 2 Other negative effects 3 3 6 3 0 3 2 Don't know 6 2 21 9 6 7 1 No answer 4 3 10 8 5 3 4 Total (Multiple responses) 181 228 156 158 181 165 192 Accumulation of hours Yes 70 83 40 60 63 67 76 No 27 15 58 31 32 30 22 No answer 3 2 1 8 5 3 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 7143 5693 238 495 789 82 337 517 171 298 124 317 523 172 625 610 395 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 4600 4055 90 100 1573 12 216 591 33 229 7 222 136 36 94 193 523 Accumulated hours for full days off Yes 81 82 76 93 91 15 55 73 87 70 84 79 96 64 78 85 81 No 18 17 23 6 9 85 44 27 13 29 16 20 4 35 22 15 17 No answer 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1450 439 35 199 238 401 138 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 545 136 1 20 69 306 13 Accumulated hours for full days off Yes 76 59 57 75 68 85 80 No 23 41 43 24 32 14 17 No answer 1 0 1 0 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5588 4535 175 459 708 16 186 388 140 207 101 246 498 106 496 507 302 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3747 3334 68 94 1433 2 119 431 29 160 6 177 130 23 73 164 426 Accumulated hours for longer periods of leave Yes 53 55 41 64 61 44 54 47 32 50 54 79 66 31 45 55 38 No 45 44 59 34 39 56 45 53 68 48 45 19 33 65 55 44 57 No answer 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 3 1 2 1 4 0 1 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1053 275 17 144 168 340 109 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 414 81 0 15 47 261 10 Accumulated hours for longer periods of leave Yes 40 33 53 46 38 42 44 No 58 65 47 50 58 57 49 No answer 2 2 4 4 2 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Proportion working overtime Nobody 16 14 17 11 7 37 27 19 8 16 8 16 7 33 8 8 13 Less than 20% 29 28 40 25 23 36 32 36 24 32 53 28 20 29 33 30 19 20% to less than 40% 16 16 18 11 19 16 14 16 17 19 16 18 18 15 21 16 12 40% to less than 60% 12 12 9 13 17 4 8 9 15 11 10 11 16 4 16 15 12 60% to less than 80% 7 8 6 7 10 3 3 5 13 6 4 7 10 4 7 6 11 80% to less than 100% 7 8 2 8 10 2 4 5 7 5 3 4 9 2 6 7 13 All 7 8 4 15 10 2 6 6 10 7 2 4 10 2 5 8 10 Impossible to say, overtime hours are def. by end of year 2 2 1 4 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 3 4 4 1 1 2 Don't know 4 4 3 6 3 1 4 3 4 2 2 9 3 6 3 7 7 No answer 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 3 0 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Proportion working overtime Nobody 27 9 16 41 41 28 16 Less than 20% 36 39 43 31 30 37 44 20% to less than 40% 15 20 17 11 13 14 17 40% to less than 60% 8 13 8 5 5 8 9 60% to less than 80% 4 7 2 3 3 4 3 80% to less than 100% 2 3 6 2 1 2 2 All 2 5 6 2 2 1 4 Impossible to say, overtime hours are def. by end of year 2 1 0 2 3 2 1 Don't know 3 3 0 1 3 3 4 No answer 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 16493 13417 769 907 1364 626 1036 1178 449 1237 307 842 883 710 906 915 1288 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 10097 8991 242 179 2507 95 696 1309 88 943 20 482 218 172 130 270 1640 Forms of overtime work Only exceptionally 60 58 63 50 53 77 84 63 58 69 60 49 36 79 73 65 45 Regularly 21 22 24 30 19 12 8 18 32 17 15 40 35 12 7 15 35 Both forms 17 17 12 18 27 11 6 17 8 13 23 9 28 8 18 17 14 Don't know 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 4 No answer 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 3076 840 288 284 528 742 394 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1106 271 11 33 151 604 36 Forms of overtime work Only exceptionally 73 65 60 72 62 80 78 Regularly 12 9 20 18 18 13 10 Both forms 13 26 18 8 19 6 12 Don't know 1 1 1 1 1 0 No answer 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5717 4847 263 438 605 115 156 408 193 362 100 392 534 149 216 284 632 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3857 3575 87 86 1162 22 98 460 35 283 8 237 137 35 33 89 803 Proportion regular overtime work Practically all 12 12 22 20 10 19 18 15 18 13 9 21 21 8 10 4 9 Most 20 21 34 15 23 29 23 17 18 21 14 27 37 23 16 16 14 Some 30 30 23 24 37 33 30 32 18 33 23 32 28 41 39 36 18 Very few only 29 29 19 24 27 16 19 33 27 24 24 13 10 18 30 37 42 Don't know 3 3 1 4 2 2 10 0 11 3 0 4 3 9 2 4 5 No answer 5 5 2 13 1 1 1 2 8 6 29 3 2 0 3 3 12 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 870 279 89 77 190 146 89 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 281 93 4 9 56 112 8 Proportion regular overtime work Practically all 13 4 24 14 22 15 10 Most 15 13 11 21 20 13 28 Some 31 40 40 20 32 23 29 Very few only 35 41 20 35 22 37 28 Don't know 2 2 1 6 2 3 3 No answer 5 1 4 3 2 9 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 16493 13417 769 907 1364 626 1036 1178 449 1237 307 842 883 710 906 915 1288 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 10097 8991 242 179 2507 95 696 1309 88 943 20 482 218 172 130 270 1640 Choice of overtime workers Selected 20 19 13 16 19 58 24 13 29 29 14 22 19 40 9 20 13 Volunteers 43 45 50 53 42 16 52 40 48 34 47 45 37 24 63 58 57 Both 32 31 33 28 35 25 20 45 17 35 35 23 40 33 22 16 22 Don't know 2 2 2 2 1 0 3 0 4 1 2 4 2 3 2 2 4 No answer 3 3 2 1 2 0 1 2 2 1 1 7 2 1 3 4 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 3076 840 288 284 528 742 394 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1106 271 11 33 151 604 36 Choice of overtime workers Selected 26 22 41 24 24 28 38 Volunteers 25 33 17 32 22 24 17 Both 41 41 38 38 50 40 42 Don't know 3 2 0 2 3 4 1 No answer 3 2 4 4 1 5 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 8781 6702 338 389 729 515 471 661 215 789 144 386 513 486 277 324 465 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 5270 4521 112 79 1356 79 310 756 40 602 10 215 129 125 41 97 572 Refusal of overtime work possible Yes 70 69 63 57 58 76 77 64 74 77 79 70 68 78 84 53 86 No 25 26 29 29 38 22 17 32 20 17 17 21 27 15 13 37 9 Don't know 3 3 7 10 2 2 4 2 5 4 2 4 2 2 3 9 4 No answer 2 2 1 4 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 5 4 5 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2079 513 228 173 368 491 306 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 749 171 9 20 112 408 29 Refusal of overtime work possible Yes 78 87 78 76 50 83 60 No 17 10 20 18 33 14 30 Don't know 4 2 2 4 12 2 5 No answer 2 2 1 2 5 1 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 16493 13417 769 907 1364 626 1036 1178 449 1237 307 842 883 710 906 915 1288 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 10097 8991 242 179 2507 95 696 1309 88 943 20 482 218 172 130 270 1640 Payment or time off for overtime work Paid for 29 29 8 16 6 75 37 19 47 62 25 16 21 51 23 8 55 Compensated with time off 21 22 40 29 42 6 18 19 13 5 13 25 21 8 16 9 8 Both - payment or compensation with time off 46 46 51 52 50 17 38 60 32 32 60 50 56 38 59 83 30 Neither - nor 3 3 1 2 2 1 5 1 8 0 1 9 1 2 0 0 5 No answer 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 3076 840 288 284 528 742 394 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1106 271 11 33 151 604 36 Payment or time off for overtime work Paid for 34 22 64 39 52 34 32 Compensated with time off 14 11 6 14 11 17 11 Both - payment or compensation with time off 50 64 28 43 34 48 56 Neither - nor 1 3 1 2 2 1 1 No answer 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 7425 6015 364 478 660 100 330 676 128 382 141 429 485 247 503 748 344 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 4650 4099 123 93 1248 16 268 789 28 300 12 241 122 66 77 224 491 If both is possible: most common compensation By payment 30 28 9 22 22 34 24 21 37 32 18 35 32 30 43 34 48 By time off 30 31 28 34 54 29 13 21 15 14 25 35 27 11 36 38 9 Both alternatives are of approximately the same importance 39 40 62 42 23 36 62 58 46 54 55 26 39 58 19 23 40 No answer 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 2 0 1 4 2 1 1 5 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1410 520 57 120 169 337 207 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 551 174 3 14 52 287 20 If both is possible: most common compensation By payment 43 38 55 50 49 45 30 By time off 18 10 5 11 4 27 22 Both alternatives are of approximately the same importance 37 50 40 38 47 26 46 No answer 2 2 1 1 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Employees in parental leave Yes 72 73 80 70 78 64 49 78 69 67 83 71 72 54 90 94 75 No 26 26 19 28 22 34 50 22 29 32 17 28 27 45 9 5 21 Don't know 1 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 3 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Employees in parental leave Yes 69 76 62 76 76 65 76 No 30 24 36 24 24 35 24 Don't know 0 0 2 0 0 1 No answer 0 1 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13697 10757 704 670 998 588 575 1071 303 956 229 600 640 617 869 937 1000 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 8775 7721 235 142 2097 97 472 1261 67 761 18 413 174 141 129 281 1434 Men in parental leave Yes 42 45 59 55 31 32 25 35 55 37 73 70 26 59 68 82 67 No 57 54 40 44 68 68 74 65 44 61 27 28 73 38 30 17 31 No answer 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Behaviour after parental leave Resume work to same extent 42 38 49 81 15 68 55 49 56 59 45 31 21 78 73 30 35 Ask for reduced working hours 43 48 43 11 68 27 34 37 34 32 33 59 56 18 14 56 48 Do not return at all 8 7 2 2 14 3 5 6 3 3 5 1 15 0 2 1 6 Don't know 5 4 3 4 2 1 6 6 6 3 13 5 5 4 7 8 5 No answer 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 3 1 3 3 4 2 0 4 5 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2940 674 206 378 667 663 352 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1054 225 8 43 196 549 33 Men in parental leave Yes 18 9 0 22 16 19 69 No 81 90 100 77 84 80 31 No answer 1 1 0 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Behaviour after parental leave Resume work to same extent 74 58 82 71 72 81 85 Ask for reduced working hours 5 10 8 18 6 2 5 Do not return at all 13 20 3 4 15 10 1 Don't know 7 11 7 5 7 6 5 No answer 1 1 1 2 1 0 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13697 10757 704 670 998 588 575 1071 303 956 229 600 640 617 869 937 1000 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 8775 7721 235 142 2097 97 472 1261 67 761 18 413 174 141 129 281 1434 Coping with absence due to parental leave By hiring new staff with fixed-term contracts 60 59 40 41 72 18 70 70 34 51 57 39 50 29 83 77 44 By employing temporary agency workers 18 20 47 53 10 4 12 20 22 14 29 36 9 12 14 12 34 By distributing work among the remaining employees 52 53 66 39 56 84 30 42 66 51 63 78 29 73 55 47 58 By giving work to subcontractors 3 3 7 4 3 1 2 4 4 1 5 5 1 2 6 5 5 By hiring new permanent staff 14 13 23 7 18 4 3 15 8 3 28 8 37 1 7 10 14 Other methods 6 6 10 3 9 1 3 6 6 2 9 12 4 4 6 5 5 Don't know 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 Total (Multiple responses) 154 156 195 148 168 114 121 158 143 123 192 179 133 122 171 155 162 Problems with parental leave Yes 11 11 21 21 11 5 2 12 17 6 21 19 7 5 14 24 10 No 89 88 78 78 89 95 97 88 83 93 79 81 92 94 86 76 88 No answer 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2940 674 206 378 667 663 352 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1054 225 8 43 196 549 33 Coping with absence due to parental leave By hiring new staff with fixed-term contracts 64 71 13 68 53 66 49 By employing temporary agency workers 4 4 6 3 6 3 22 By distributing work among the remaining employees 43 40 79 44 33 45 74 By giving work to subcontractors 2 6 1 1 1 1 2 By hiring new permanent staff 18 33 21 14 34 7 2 Other methods 5 3 3 3 3 6 2 Don't know 1 0 0 1 1 0 No answer 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 Total (Multiple responses) 136 157 123 133 131 129 154 Problems with parental leave Yes 8 8 6 10 19 5 8 No 91 92 94 90 80 95 92 No answer 0 0 1 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1652 1367 139 140 104 27 15 137 42 60 59 110 46 20 117 236 115 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 962 873 49 30 237 5 7 150 11 49 4 77 13 6 18 67 151 Major problems related to parental leave Too many employees are absent because of parental leave 27 28 46 17 34 58 38 13 21 34 25 11 18 19 15 20 Difficulties in finding staff to replace absent workers 48 49 60 53 33 31 19 72 34 53 67 54 36 22 54 58 44 Lack of continuity of work 54 57 67 45 70 61 36 57 39 47 71 67 67 20 20 50 45 Uncertainty if or when persons on parental leave will return 47 49 26 19 80 17 5 63 12 22 32 8 40 9 42 26 48 Difficulties in re-integrating the returning staff 29 29 13 13 64 2 10 33 8 4 23 3 33 2 18 7 17 Other problems 23 23 17 24 42 5 5 12 29 7 20 14 13 22 27 25 17 Don't know 2 2 0 41 1 1 3 46 1 1 3 No answer 1 1 1 1 2 0 3 1 0 1 Total (Multiple responses) 230 237 230 172 323 178 117 276 135 158 247 171 204 138 181 182 194






Base (unweighted) 285 47 20 39 121 33 25 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 89 17 0 4 37 27 3 Major problems related to parental leave Too many employees are absent because of parental leave 15 16 47 23 11 17 36 Difficulties in finding staff to replace absent workers 36 44 36 65 23 38 86 Lack of continuity of work 24 44 32 21 17 18 36 Uncertainty if or when persons on parental leave will return 36 45 25 15 41 29 14 Difficulties in re-integrating the returning staff 21 35 8 13 15 23 7 Other problems 19 21 9 9 20 20 11 Don't know 8 4 16 4 No answer 2 4 7 3 3 1 Total (Multiple responses) 161 208 164 154 146 149 192






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Training programmes for returning people Yes 29 27 14 15 27 25 34 23 31 8 15 15 28 17 40 49 41 No 66 68 80 77 72 72 61 72 61 88 61 79 68 73 56 47 49 Don't know 3 3 3 3 1 1 4 3 6 3 14 3 2 9 3 3 7 No answer 2 2 2 5 0 2 1 1 2 2 11 3 2 1 1 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Paid or unpaid long-term leave If employees have to care for elderly, ill or disabled persons in their families 47 45 61 81 45 31 31 38 61 43 30 66 27 28 70 50 49 For further education 45 44 46 71 46 21 24 62 51 26 43 48 30 18 82 74 40 For any other purpose 32 30 32 43 32 18 22 33 32 23 26 43 19 23 62 43 28 No long-term leaves 29 31 27 10 35 41 49 27 24 27 47 20 48 40 7 18 27 No answer 8 8 4 6 7 9 8 5 8 14 5 3 10 11 6 5 11 Total (Multiple responses) 161 158 170 211 164 121 135 165 177 133 150 181 134 119 228 189 154






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Training programmes for returning people Yes 44 30 23 39 21 58 18 No 50 66 57 56 75 35 79 Don't know 4 2 7 3 2 5 1 No answer 2 1 12 3 1 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Paid or unpaid long-term leave If employees have to care for elderly, ill or disabled persons in their families 60 45 24 28 66 68 33 For further education 56 49 31 53 59 58 48 For any other purpose 47 28 26 33 22 63 29 No long-term leaves 15 26 27 26 15 10 27 No answer 7 10 17 6 7 6 16 Total (Multiple responses) 184 158 125 146 168 204 152






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Employees younger than 30 years None at all 4 4 1 5 4 5 3 3 1 8 1 3 2 3 5 7 3 Less than 20% 34 33 30 47 34 29 27 41 22 36 33 36 20 30 57 49 25 20% to less than 40% 36 36 43 29 43 29 38 32 27 31 43 40 43 33 28 29 32 40% to less than 60% 16 16 15 12 13 19 18 14 28 15 17 12 24 17 5 9 20 60% to less than 80% 6 6 5 3 3 10 6 5 14 6 4 5 7 11 3 2 8 80% to less than 100% 2 2 2 2 1 6 3 2 5 1 1 2 1 4 1 2 3 All 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 3 3 3 2 2 1 4 2 3 2 2 2 4 3 0 3 9 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Employees 50 years or older None at all 6 6 5 5 2 20 8 6 9 11 6 5 8 11 3 3 7 Less than 20% 46 46 57 38 41 57 51 51 58 54 58 43 59 58 26 24 39 20% to less than 40% 31 31 31 36 40 16 24 29 23 19 32 36 23 21 41 34 31 40% to less than 60% 11 11 4 16 12 5 9 11 7 10 2 10 5 6 25 26 12 60% to less than 80% 2 2 1 3 2 2 3 1 1 3 1 4 1 1 4 8 3 80% to less than 100% 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 All 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 3 3 2 2 1 1 3 1 2 2 2 2 4 2 0 3 8 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Employees younger than 30 years None at all 3 3 2 5 3 3 3 Less than 20% 34 30 30 40 31 36 44 20% to less than 40% 36 40 31 35 42 34 32 40% to less than 60% 18 17 29 14 16 19 14 60% to less than 80% 5 7 7 3 4 5 3 80% to less than 100% 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 All 0 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 2 2 0 2 2 2 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Employees 50 years or older None at all 5 4 8 4 4 6 7 Less than 20% 49 47 55 43 46 51 56 20% to less than 40% 29 33 26 26 32 26 25 40% to less than 60% 12 12 9 17 11 12 8 60% to less than 80% 3 2 2 6 3 3 1 80% to less than 100% 1 1 0 2 2 1 1 All 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 1 2 0 2 1 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 19306 15134 920 967 1443 809 1337 1407 441 1307 309 956 890 1009 973 982 1384 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 11386 9941 276 192 2622 121 880 1527 88 1008 20 553 222 231 139 289 1772 Phased retirement offered Yes 46 48 72 58 63 9 26 42 44 11 31 76 61 9 60 49 57 No 46 44 23 32 34 83 62 55 43 77 60 21 31 65 34 44 32 No answer 8 7 6 10 3 7 11 3 13 12 8 3 8 26 7 8 11 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4172 912 343 517 940 1012 448 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1446 287 12 55 249 802 41 Phased retirement offered Yes 30 34 15 33 20 33 12 No 59 52 71 54 68 57 76 No answer 11 13 14 13 12 10 12 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 7157 6062 529 517 815 76 317 487 161 136 71 668 506 81 534 450 714 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 5234 4795 198 111 1648 11 232 639 39 109 6 420 136 20 83 140 1002 Proportion of phased retirement Almost all 7 7 5 11 5 7 4 4 18 3 34 19 5 5 2 4 8 Most 6 6 10 3 7 9 3 6 3 2 2 17 6 5 1 3 Some 38 40 53 32 52 21 29 45 21 24 16 31 49 13 48 41 25 Practically nobody 45 42 29 49 35 60 62 43 55 69 49 30 37 73 40 51 50 Don't know 3 4 2 5 0 3 3 0 3 2 3 2 8 3 2 12 No answer 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Encouraging phased retirement Encourage 18 19 12 16 24 25 26 12 19 6 10 25 11 17 23 17 14 Try to prevent them 6 5 20 1 5 2 4 5 2 28 15 5 7 8 1 3 Neither - nor 74 73 67 80 70 72 70 82 77 62 74 66 79 79 67 79 76 No answer 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 3 3 4 2 2 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1095 308 53 166 170 336 62 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 440 99 2 18 49 267 5 Proportion of phased retirement Almost all 2 1 2 2 4 3 10 Most 2 0 4 2 1 2 7 Some 12 12 39 22 16 10 32 Practically nobody 81 86 51 70 78 81 51 Don't know 1 1 4 3 0 1 No answer 2 1 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Encouraging phased retirement Encourage 8 2 13 9 45 3 10 Try to prevent them 9 1 2 3 1 13 7 Neither - nor 81 96 83 86 49 81 75 No answer 3 1 1 2 6 3 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Possibility of early retirement Yes 58 55 63 62 60 38 55 55 59 15 65 81 37 32 79 42 68 No 33 36 28 27 36 50 33 38 24 70 24 17 47 41 14 49 19 No answer 9 9 9 12 4 12 12 7 17 15 10 2 16 27 7 8 13 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Possibility of early retirement Yes 76 92 46 73 50 82 42 No 17 3 36 18 40 13 40 No answer 7 5 19 9 10 5 18 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 11197 8297 605 603 819 398 769 803 266 215 191 814 354 334 778 387 961 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 6975 5814 184 125 1603 57 526 898 57 171 14 469 90 82 112 126 1299 Basis of early retirement Legal regulations 45 36 29 36 43 82 43 54 21 42 53 20 58 57 58 22 15 Collective agreement 29 34 51 32 30 8 34 21 49 38 27 65 12 12 19 36 40 Both 14 16 13 14 21 6 12 14 8 12 9 12 15 22 16 19 14 Neither - nor 8 9 2 13 5 2 5 9 17 1 5 1 10 8 2 14 19 Don't know 4 5 4 4 1 2 6 3 4 6 4 2 4 1 5 10 11 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Proportion with early retirement Almost all 13 12 31 9 10 0 12 13 2 6 36 39 5 3 9 8 4 Most 9 9 17 8 14 4 12 8 3 5 7 15 9 2 4 5 3 Some 32 33 25 26 47 21 28 32 19 35 17 16 39 20 34 39 25 Practically nobody 29 28 21 28 23 18 20 32 53 39 24 12 37 29 33 34 39 No experience yet 14 15 6 25 5 54 25 15 20 11 11 13 5 42 19 12 22 Don't know 2 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 3 2 5 4 4 4 1 2 6 No answer 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Encouraging early retirement Encourage 21 21 21 6 29 15 24 17 8 24 35 37 9 15 20 15 9 Try to prevent them 7 7 24 6 5 3 5 8 4 13 12 2 9 1 11 1 7 Neither - nor 69 69 53 83 64 75 68 73 86 55 49 56 80 81 66 80 76 No answer 4 4 3 5 1 6 3 2 3 7 4 4 2 3 3 3 8 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2900 857 153 387 435 866 202 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1161 272 6 42 129 694 18 Basis of early retirement Legal regulations 87 81 46 87 88 90 46 Collective agreement 4 4 19 3 3 3 10 Both 5 7 5 5 7 3 35 Neither - nor 3 7 25 3 1 2 3 Don't know 1 1 4 0 1 1 6 No answer 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Proportion with early retirement Almost all 17 1 0 2 19 24 6 Most 9 4 0 1 8 12 5 Some 30 30 27 30 39 28 32 Practically nobody 31 58 40 37 26 20 35 No experience yet 12 6 31 26 5 14 19 Don't know 1 1 1 2 2 1 No answer 0 0 3 1 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Encouraging early retirement Encourage 20 5 14 7 59 18 26 Try to prevent them 7 9 8 14 3 6 3 Neither - nor 71 84 71 77 34 72 68 No answer 3 2 7 2 4 3 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2038 1485 106 32 216 56 165 141 24 49 36 291 31 47 151 58 82 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1430 1203 39 7 469 9 126 153 4 42 5 175 8 12 22 19 113 Encouraging early retirement In order to cope with problems of decreasing productivity or poor health 40 43 46 21 46 28 43 50 20 21 30 46 49 52 47 35 27 In order to reduce the average age of the workforce 25 27 21 35 30 30 27 35 12 32 12 29 22 7 19 25 8 In order to reduce staff 41 41 48 41 65 21 9 33 39 53 64 26 31 23 28 52 11 Other reasons 35 34 30 37 30 32 39 29 24 12 25 38 27 30 39 26 51 Don't know 2 1 4 4 0 3 0 0 2 2 2 4 1 1 6 No answer 2 1 1 2 6 0 1 2 7 Total (Multiple responses) 143 148 150 138 172 113 120 148 101 120 133 142 132 116 134 137 111






Base (unweighted) 553 41 15 28 260 159 50 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 227 14 1 3 76 128 5 Encouraging early retirement In order to cope with problems of decreasing productivity or poor health 22 48 79 41 17 20 51 In order to reduce the average age of the workforce 12 12 81 32 12 11 17 In order to reduce staff 40 38 18 35 44 37 Other reasons 41 36 1 26 37 45 23 Don't know 3 1 2 9 1 No answer 2 1 5 1 Total (Multiple responses) 120 137 162 119 115 121 129






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Support in domestic commitments Company kindergarten or crèche 5 5 4 1 4 7 2 4 7 2 9 20 5 4 1 0 8 Other forms of professional help for childcare, e.g. a company babysitting service 3 4 2 1 0 2 1 2 2 1 1 28 2 1 5 0 7 Professional help for household management, e.g. cleansing or shopping services 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 2 1 1 1 2 3 2 Others 4 4 2 5 3 5 5 5 8 2 11 6 3 5 3 1 7 None 88 87 93 92 93 87 91 89 84 96 79 51 87 83 90 96 78 No answer 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 7 0 0 1 Total (Multiple responses) 102 102 102 101 101 102 101 103 103 100 102 108 101 102 101 101 104 Work-life balance as task of company 0 = It is not at all the task ... 8 7 10 12 10 3 5 12 3 8 9 4 9 3 3 7 2 1 2 2 3 5 2 2 0 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 3 0 2 6 5 5 7 8 2 2 10 6 3 13 3 5 2 3 8 2 3 9 9 11 7 14 3 4 13 5 7 12 7 7 3 8 14 3 4 9 10 11 11 12 3 5 12 10 9 9 10 18 4 11 12 6 5 25 24 25 16 23 22 28 30 15 30 37 20 18 28 18 23 19 6 9 10 12 7 7 9 12 8 12 13 4 16 10 13 11 7 10 7 11 12 11 14 9 13 18 6 17 11 6 19 11 15 20 12 14 8 10 11 9 11 8 22 13 4 13 7 4 13 7 16 20 6 19 9 2 2 0 4 1 5 2 0 6 1 1 1 3 3 3 2 5 10 = The company should definetely ... 7 6 1 4 5 14 7 2 11 5 1 4 8 6 2 4 14 No answer 3 3 2 2 1 2 3 0 1 4 4 1 2 7 2 3 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 5,1 5,2 4,6 4,8 4,6 6,6 5,9 4,1 6,1 5,1 4,1 5,7 5,0 6,1 5,7 4,6 6,6






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Support in domestic commitments Company kindergarten or crèche 2 1 1 6 3 1 1 Other forms of professional help for childcare, e.g. a company babysitting service 1 0 3 1 1 0 0 Professional help for household management, e.g. cleansing or shopping services 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 Others 5 5 4 18 3 5 None 93 93 88 76 93 93 99 No answer 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 101 101 100 102 102 100 100 Work-life balance as task of company 0 = It is not at all the task ... 11 11 7 15 10 12 7 1 3 4 1 2 3 3 2 7 9 7 8 6 7 3 3 11 13 2 11 9 11 10 4 9 11 2 9 8 8 4 5 27 29 15 28 28 27 24 6 6 5 15 7 8 6 8 7 6 5 12 8 7 6 9 8 7 6 20 7 11 5 10 9 1 1 4 0 1 1 5 10 = The company should definetely ... 7 5 12 4 6 9 11 No answer 5 2 3 4 5 5 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 4,6 4,3 6,1 4,3 4,8 4,5 5,5






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Employee representation? Yes 58 61 69 83 66 27 76 66 46 55 84 71 51 27 85 85 40 No 41 39 30 17 34 72 23 34 53 45 14 28 47 71 14 14 58 No answer 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 3 0 2 3 1 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Employee representation? Yes 43 40 44 43 50 40 68 No 56 60 53 55 48 59 28 No answer 1 0 3 2 2 0 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Belgium Conseil d'entreprise / ondernemingsraad (1) 1 1 49 Délégation syndicale / vakbonds-afvaardiging (2) 0 1 19 None at all 1 1 30 No answer 0 0 1 Total 2 3 100 Denmark Tillidsrepraesentanter (1) 1 1 76 Samarbejdsudvalg (2) 0 0 6 None at all 0 0 17 No answer 0 0 0 Total 2 2 100 Germany Betriebsrat 10 11 44 Personalrat 5 6 22 None at all 8 9 34 No answer 0 0 0 Total 22 25 100 Greece Works council (1) 0 0 20 Trade union representative (2) 0 0 8 None at all 1 1 72 No answer 0 0 0

**) EMPLOYEE-PROPORTIONAL ANALYSIS TNS Infratest Sozialforschung 2006(1) First choice(2) Second choice (only asked if 1st choice = "no") (continued)





Total 1 1 100 Spain Comité de empresa 4 5 54 Junta de personal 0 0 2 Delegado de personal 1 2 18 None at all 2 2 23 No answer 0 0 1 (ER-Interview with Union Representative) 0 0 1 Total 8 9 100 France Comité d'entreprise (1) 6 7 47 Délégués syndicaux (2) 2 3 19 None at all 5 5 34 No answer 0 0 1 Total 13 15 100 Ireland Trade unions recognized for collective bargaining purposes 0 0 46 None at all 0 0 53 No answer 0 0 0 Total 1 1 100 Italy Rappresentanza sindacale unitaria 5 6 55 None at all 4 5 45 No answer 0 0 0 Total 9 11 100






Luxembourg Délégation du personnel (1) 0 0 83 Comité mixte d'entreprise (2) 0 0 1 None at all 0 0 14 No answer 0 0 3 Total 0 0 100 Netherlands Ondernemingsraad 3 3 59 Personeelsvertegenwoordiging (PVT) 1 1 12 None at all 1 2 28 No answer 0 0 0 Total 5 5 100 Austria Betriebsrat 1 1 48 Personalvertretung 0 0 3 None at all 1 1 47 No answer 0 0 2 Total 2 2 100 Portugal Delegados sindicais (1) 1 1 25 Comissão de trabalhadores (2) 0 0 2 None at all 2 2 71 No answer 0 0 3 Total 2 2 100 Finland Luottamusmies (1) 1 1 77 Yhteistoiminta-järjestelmä (2) 0 0 8






None at all 0 0 14 No answer 0 0 1 Total 1 1 100 Sweden Facklig förtroendeman 2 2 85 None at all 0 0 14 No answer 0 0 0 Total 2 3 100 United Kingdom Trade unions recognized for collective bargaining purposes 6 7 40 None at all 9 10 58 No answer 0 0 2 Total 16 18 100






Czech Republic Základní odborová organizace (1) 7 36 Rada zamìstnancù (2) 1 4 None at all 12 60 No answer 0 0 Total 20 100 Cyprus Trade union Representative 0 44 None at all 0 53 No answer 0 3 Total 1 100 Latvia






Trade union Representative 2 43 None at all 2 55 No answer 0 2 Total 4 100 Hungary Üzemi tanács (1) 6 37 Üzemi megbízott (1) 1 4 Közalkalmazotti tanács (1) 0 2 Szakszervezeti bizottság vagy szakszervezeti bizalmi (2) 1 8 None at all 8 48 No answer 0 2 Total 17 100 Poland Zakladowa organizacja zwiazkowa 23 40 None at all 33 59 No answer 0 0 Total 56 100 Slovenia Svet delavcev (1) 1 45 Predstavnik sindikata podjetja (2) 1 23 None at all 1 28 No answer 0 4 Total 3 100

**) EMPLOYEE-PROPORTIONAL ANALYSIS TNS Infratest Sozialforschung 2006(1) First choice(2) Second choice (only asked if 1st choice = "no")





Base (unweighted) 10418 8733 450 834 791 185 1020 831 217 760 224 627 435 242 813 836 468 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 7049 6397 200 167 1774 41 717 1064 45 619 18 413 124 69 121 254 769 Employee representation information Information (name and/or telephone number) is given 70 69 65 77 88 74 48 81 57 38 82 79 64 52 90 94 38 Don't know, but OK to interview employee representative 15 15 17 7 5 13 25 7 11 32 9 8 9 41 6 4 34 Refused 14 15 18 15 8 12 27 11 28 30 8 13 26 6 4 1 17 Not asked (No answer in MM604/MM604b/MM604c/MM605/MM613) 1 2 0 1 0 0 4 0 1 2 0 11 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1685 299 133 212 358 394 289 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 652 119 6 24 130 343 30 Employee representation information Information (name and/or telephone number) is given 77 86 64 84 77 73 83 Don't know, but OK to interview employee representative 12 8 22 8 14 13 11 Refused 11 6 13 8 10 14 6 Not asked (No answer in MM604/MM604b/MM604c/MM605/MM613) Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Further contact Yes, agrees 91 91 93 98 95 97 90 89 94 82 93 97 89 98 96 89 86 No, does not agree 8 8 5 1 4 2 8 9 6 17 7 3 7 2 4 1 11 No answer 2 2 2 1 1 0 2 2 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 9 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Further contact Yes, agrees 92 95 97 98 91 90 99 No, does not agree 7 5 3 2 8 9 1 No answer 1 0 0 1 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 16551 1007 1024 1500 1000 1500 1510 502 1500 352 1008 1000 1119 1006 1016 1507 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 10587 292 203 2689 151 961 1619 97 1130 22 580 242 260 142 298 1904 Employee representative interview? Yes 29 30 32 51 47 10 29 31 19 15 45 41 15 10 72 50 7 ER exists, but no interview 30 31 36 31 19 17 47 35 27 40 38 30 36 17 13 35 33 No ER 41 39 30 17 34 72 23 34 53 45 14 28 47 71 14 14 58 No answer 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 3 0 2 3 1 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4480 950 400 542 1000 1088 500 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1520 297 13 57 259 849 44 Employee representative interview? Yes 22 24 31 21 30 18 53 ER exists, but no interview 20 16 13 21 21 22 15 No ER 56 60 53 55 48 59 28 No answer 1 0 3 2 2 0 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100


10

2.2.2 Employee representative interviews (employee proportional)

Establishment Survey on Working Time and Work-Life Balance 2004 Table ER-EMP 1.01Employee Representative Interviews



Column percent Total Country (EU 15) B DK EL F IRL L A P FIN S UK Base (unweighted) 2784 214 502 68 393 73 77 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1195 94 104 15 502 19 10 36 26 103 149 137 ER represents ... Whole workforce 49 42 32 84 70 18 56 50 78 25 26 31 Part only 50 58 66 16 30 82 44 50 22 75 74 68 No answer 0 2 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100





Column percent Total Country (EU 6) CZ CY LV HU PL SI Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 342 71 4 12 77 155 23 ER represents ... Whole workforce 63 75 36 40 87 49 53 Part only 36 25 64 60 13 49 47 No answer 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100





Column percent Total Country (EU 15) B DK EL F IRL L A P FIN S UK Base (unweighted) 1663 156 321 15 120 59 27 59 27 483 346 50 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 597 55 69 2 148 15 4 18 6 77 109 93 Proportion represented Less than 20% 9 11 12 32 12 20 3 1 7 6 7 20% to less than 40% 24 22 22 43 25 15 15 27 12 17 19 36 40% to less than 60% 24 23 30 9 19 36 7 20 29 23 28 25 60% to less than 80% 26 27 20 4 29 24 18 35 18 31 26 20 80% or more 17 17 15 12 15 5 58 14 32 21 20 13 No answer 0 0 1 2 9 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100





Column percent Total Country (EU 6) CZ CY LV HU PL SI Base (unweighted) 394 45 55 65 40 88 101 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 124 18 3 7 10 76 11 Proportion represented Less than 20% 15 22 10 10 25 13 10 20% to less than 40% 43 39 31 30 25 52 16 40% to less than 60% 22 21 34 28 15 21 27 60% to less than 80% 11 12 21 14 17 7 29 80% or more 9 6 4 17 12 7 16 No answer 1 2 5 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 3143 94 104 1265 15 275 502 19 168 10 240 36 26 103 149 137 Part-time workers in establishment Yes 78 80 90 63 93 21 36 81 67 67 51 97 88 25 57 73 80 No 22 20 10 37 7 79 62 19 33 33 49 3 12 75 42 27 20 No answer 0 0 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 342 71 4 12 77 155 23 Part-time workers in establishment Yes 55 64 22 45 50 55 54 No 42 29 78 55 47 42 45 No answer 3 7 0 3 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 3262 2767 172 276 469 13 130 295 41 144 43 336 106 20 346 324 52 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2705 2516 85 66 1178 3 100 407 13 112 5 233 32 6 59 109 110 Reasons for introducing part-time work Mainly the needs of the establishment 18 17 25 13 14 83 46 15 39 18 6 7 11 65 30 21 24 Mainly the wishes of the employees 49 51 45 50 49 34 59 27 63 68 56 57 8 48 60 20 Both of equal importance 28 28 20 30 34 10 14 20 25 14 15 32 30 18 17 11 43 Mainly because of other reasons 4 3 7 4 2 7 5 6 7 3 10 1 8 3 5 Don't know 1 1 4 3 0 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 3 6 No answer 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from part-time into full-time He or she usually gets an appr. full-time job quickly 25 24 29 21 16 33 40 29 37 66 19 28 5 25 35 21 He or she has to wait for some time 37 39 34 37 40 14 36 41 39 27 20 43 43 32 29 36 33 It would be possible only exceptionally 19 19 10 21 26 25 11 9 7 15 1 13 13 7 22 16 19 There is practically no chance 12 11 15 12 13 1 13 5 16 11 8 16 1 48 11 8 1 Not applicable, has never happened 5 5 8 7 4 60 8 4 9 8 3 3 12 8 12 4 5 No answer 2 2 4 2 1 1 1 3 5 2 1 1 21 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 495 109 20 54 100 100 112 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 188 46 1 6 38 85 13 Reasons for introducing part-time work Mainly the needs of the establishment 38 14 70 26 32 58 15 Mainly the wishes of the employees 28 54 32 26 16 26 Both of equal importance 19 19 25 32 35 12 9 Mainly because of other reasons 13 10 5 10 6 12 49 Don't know 2 4 1 2 1 No answer Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from part-time into full-time He or she usually gets an appr. full-time job quickly 29 59 18 38 22 18 15 He or she has to wait for some time 21 17 26 33 21 23 19 It would be possible only exceptionally 19 9 48 8 10 31 13 There is practically no chance 19 3 8 13 21 26 28 Not applicable, has never happened 8 4 4 24 1 19 No answer 3 7 5 1 2 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 3143 94 104 1265 15 275 502 19 168 10 240 36 26 103 149 137 Change from full-time into part-time in skilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 26 27 40 29 26 1 21 31 19 18 13 39 22 3 16 32 32 He or she has to wait for some time 32 34 38 23 38 3 22 36 36 28 34 39 31 15 32 37 28 It would be possible only exceptionally 23 22 10 21 26 7 16 21 10 29 19 12 23 12 29 16 15 There is practically no chance 10 9 6 10 6 15 19 9 15 16 26 8 10 30 11 9 5 Not applicable, has never happened 7 6 4 14 3 74 21 3 19 8 7 1 12 38 11 5 8 No answer 2 2 2 4 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 2 2 1 2 13 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from full-time into part-time in unskilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 33 34 41 23 43 8 21 37 18 24 20 30 19 1 24 31 23 He or she has to wait for some time 26 27 28 14 28 8 18 36 28 30 12 32 28 7 29 25 15 It would be possible only exceptionally 15 14 8 15 14 9 15 14 11 19 32 7 18 16 23 11 13 There is practically no chance 11 9 4 9 7 15 18 7 19 17 27 11 15 33 7 6 2 Not applicable, has never happened 14 13 16 30 8 60 24 4 22 8 7 17 17 38 15 25 22 No answer 3 3 3 9 1 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 4 3 2 24 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 342 71 4 12 77 155 23 Change from full-time into part-time in skilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 19 26 8 18 19 18 10 He or she has to wait for some time 15 19 2 16 12 14 15 It would be possible only exceptionally 33 34 6 35 19 41 24 There is practically no chance 18 7 41 15 19 20 35 Not applicable, has never happened 12 5 43 15 30 6 13 No answer 3 8 2 1 2 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from full-time into part-time in unskilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 18 35 6 22 13 13 8 He or she has to wait for some time 12 8 4 25 10 13 14 It would be possible only exceptionally 20 21 6 16 13 24 22 There is practically no chance 25 10 35 13 23 32 34 Not applicable, has never happened 22 19 47 19 39 15 18 No answer 3 7 2 4 2 3 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 3143 94 104 1265 15 275 502 19 168 10 240 36 26 103 149 137 Climate for changes from full-time to part-time Encouraging 45 46 53 38 49 15 42 61 34 30 56 40 7 16 44 45 31 Discouraging 30 31 28 20 32 48 25 32 28 43 33 34 35 31 34 28 23 Neither - nor (only asked in CZ, CY, LV, HU, PL, SI) 3 No answer 22 23 20 42 20 37 33 6 38 27 11 26 57 53 22 27 46 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Consultation of employee representation for changes Normally 37 38 41 25 59 34 24 17 24 39 42 9 61 12 29 29 23 Sometimes 28 30 27 17 30 8 17 40 30 24 35 31 25 20 32 32 36 Never 20 19 26 23 8 5 21 26 32 25 17 54 6 23 18 24 12 Not applicable, has never happened so far 14 12 5 30 3 54 38 16 12 12 6 5 8 42 19 13 20 Don't know 1 0 0 2 1 2 1 0 0 2 1 2 3 No answer 1 1 3 0 1 1 1 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 342 71 4 12 77 155 23 Climate for changes from full-time to part-time Encouraging 33 24 7 58 21 44 15 Discouraging 22 28 10 10 24 19 19 Neither - nor (only asked in CZ, CY, LV, HU, PL, SI) 35 31 36 23 47 29 45 No answer 11 17 47 9 7 7 21 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Consultation of employee representation for changes Normally 22 22 22 24 25 20 18 Sometimes 17 28 8 22 10 14 18 Never 28 28 4 26 18 35 26 Not applicable, has never happened so far 32 20 42 28 46 30 30 Don't know 1 1 0 2 0 1 No answer 1 0 24 0 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 3262 2767 172 276 469 13 130 295 41 144 43 336 106 20 346 324 52 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2705 2516 85 66 1178 3 100 407 13 112 5 233 32 6 59 109 110 Motivation of part-time workers More motivated 18 19 7 5 29 1 13 10 17 13 50 8 20 3 11 11 8 Less motivated 7 6 7 7 3 40 21 6 27 19 8 6 4 46 17 5 4 No difference 74 73 86 85 67 56 59 84 54 66 41 84 72 47 68 80 88 Don't know 2 2 0 3 1 3 7 0 2 2 1 1 2 4 3 4 No answer 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Promotion prospects of part-time workers Better than those of a full-timer with comparable qual. 0 0 0 0 4 1 1 0 About the same 43 42 36 57 38 17 61 55 57 32 25 44 31 29 33 48 31 Slightly worse 30 30 26 28 30 50 14 30 15 35 58 37 41 24 37 33 27 Significantly worse 19 19 35 7 24 33 10 14 20 27 16 8 22 25 19 7 17 Don't know 5 5 1 3 7 7 1 6 5 5 5 10 7 4 11 No answer 2 2 1 4 0 1 3 1 2 1 6 2 12 2 7 14 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Part-time makes work organization Easier 14 14 14 15 18 31 16 9 11 9 1 9 11 20 8 8 22 More complicated 40 41 60 28 38 12 28 47 38 45 25 60 35 37 42 41 24 No difference 43 42 25 55 41 56 50 43 45 43 73 31 52 33 45 49 48 Don't know 2 2 0 1 2 6 1 2 2 1 10 4 1 No answer 1 1 0 1 1 4 1 1 0 1 1 1 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 495 109 20 54 100 100 112 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 188 46 1 6 38 85 13 Motivation of part-time workers More motivated 5 3 2 2 8 5 Less motivated 13 17 50 18 3 14 23 No difference 79 79 46 73 92 76 60 Don't know 3 1 4 2 3 7 No answer 1 4 2 1 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Promotion prospects of part-time workers Better than those of a full-timer with comparable qual. 0 3 5 About the same 52 42 19 70 55 54 58 Slightly worse 22 28 33 20 22 19 16 Significantly worse 17 23 36 2 6 20 15 Don't know 7 6 13 5 7 No answer 3 0 9 4 4 3 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Part-time makes work organization Easier 13 4 47 4 18 17 5 More complicated 27 32 8 42 18 23 62 No difference 57 61 43 51 61 58 30 Don't know 1 1 2 1 2 No answer 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 3143 94 104 1265 15 275 502 19 168 10 240 36 26 103 149 137 Unusual working hours At night between 10 p.m. and 6.a.m. 44 43 31 29 45 48 53 46 37 26 58 39 43 45 37 37 62 On Saturdays 51 51 40 32 47 80 47 67 51 51 63 49 50 40 43 44 68 On Sundays 41 40 31 31 40 64 41 43 40 25 51 38 34 20 37 43 68 None of these 41 41 47 60 45 20 38 26 46 43 30 48 42 31 45 50 24 Don't know 0 0 12 No answer 0 0 1 2 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 177 175 151 153 176 212 179 182 176 145 201 173 171 147 161 175 222






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 342 71 4 12 77 155 23 Unusual working hours At night between 10 p.m. and 6.a.m. 53 65 39 68 41 53 52 On Saturdays 54 65 51 74 47 52 56 On Sundays 51 64 31 71 42 49 48 None of these 38 24 36 18 47 42 35 Don't know 0 2 0 No answer 0 1 1 Total (Multiple responses) 196 218 158 232 178 195 191






Base (unweighted) 2785 2200 121 203 252 44 198 272 44 126 35 179 68 54 342 211 51 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2061 1849 49 42 700 12 170 370 10 96 7 125 20 15 57 73 104 Negotiations about problems with unusual hours Yes 32 33 22 22 34 50 25 39 13 32 1 27 25 40 64 50 6 No 66 66 78 76 66 50 72 61 87 67 98 73 71 60 34 50 80 No answer 1 1 2 2 1 1 4 1 15 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 585 116 43 87 107 97 135 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 212 54 2 10 40 90 15 Negotiations about problems with unusual hours Yes 30 29 59 53 11 36 25 No 70 70 41 44 88 64 75 No answer 1 1 4 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 928 742 32 46 75 21 39 98 7 36 3 39 17 19 211 96 3 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 667 605 11 9 237 6 43 144 1 31 0 33 5 6 36 37 6 Importance of issue unusual hours Major 60 61 69 46 55 64 63 69 84 50 67 76 74 88 42 59 Minor 37 36 28 43 43 36 28 29 16 44 64 33 20 26 9 53 27 No answer 3 3 3 11 3 9 1 7 36 5 2 6 13 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 186 34 25 47 14 34 32 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 62 16 1 5 4 32 4 Importance of issue unusual hours Major 49 60 67 60 61 38 69 Minor 46 40 32 40 39 53 27 No answer 5 1 9 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 928 742 32 46 75 21 39 98 7 36 3 39 17 19 211 96 3 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 667 605 11 9 237 6 43 144 1 31 0 33 5 6 36 37 6 Most problematic unusual hours Work at night between 10 p.m. and 6.a.m. 32 34 4 37 22 24 42 47 45 29 50 23 63 39 48 Work on Saturdays 18 18 33 5 23 9 7 10 13 52 28 16 11 7 14 87 Work on Sundays 30 29 49 31 31 47 30 33 30 21 28 26 17 8 No answer 20 20 14 26 24 19 21 10 55 27 48 34 37 29 13 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 186 34 25 47 14 34 32 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 62 16 1 5 4 32 4 Most problematic unusual hours Work at night between 10 p.m. and 6.a.m. 16 16 9 18 14 14 33 Work on Saturdays 18 14 4 3 5 25 12 Work on Sundays 39 37 18 13 69 43 29 No answer 27 34 70 67 11 18 26 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 928 742 32 46 75 21 39 98 7 36 3 39 17 19 211 96 3 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 667 605 11 9 237 6 43 144 1 31 0 33 5 6 36 37 6 Issues to negotiate Necessity to work at these hours 42 42 60 36 53 26 24 46 24 25 17 68 32 30 23 27 Selection of employees 34 35 59 13 37 16 8 46 33 32 17 49 2 36 33 Organization of work at these hours 58 59 18 31 64 29 28 76 16 53 24 42 55 48 57 57 Compensation for work at these hours 67 67 73 54 64 95 65 81 59 63 24 66 54 67 48 65 59 Other issues 38 39 13 16 56 16 16 40 3 38 9 35 24 No answer 2 2 9 2 7 2 76 2 3 6 13 Total (Multiple responses) 241 244 222 159 275 184 148 291 132 175 124 180 226 159 208 208 100






Base (unweighted) 186 34 25 47 14 34 32 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 62 16 1 5 4 32 4 Issues to negotiate Necessity to work at these hours 39 73 46 14 12 29 38 Selection of employees 24 37 50 17 51 14 21 Organization of work at these hours 44 55 31 32 26 43 54 Compensation for work at these hours 69 79 72 62 85 66 33 Other issues 30 57 3 16 34 20 23 No answer 4 6 9 11 5 3 Total (Multiple responses) 210 307 210 151 214 176 169






Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 3143 94 104 1265 15 275 502 19 168 10 240 36 26 103 149 137 Employees with changing working hours Yes 49 47 31 21 57 52 45 52 13 29 39 37 52 46 54 53 10 No 51 52 69 79 43 48 55 48 87 71 61 63 48 54 46 47 84 No answer 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 342 71 4 12 77 155 23 Employees with changing working hours Yes 61 62 29 58 57 65 51 No 38 38 71 41 42 34 49 No answer 1 0 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2200 1680 73 109 257 29 144 189 13 61 18 113 62 40 333 231 8 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1693 1484 29 22 722 8 123 260 2 48 4 89 19 12 55 79 13 Change from shift to normal working hours He/she usually gets usual working hours quickly 8 7 15 14 5 14 4 7 9 18 5 10 7 13 5 12 7 He or she has to wait for some time 28 29 31 10 29 13 26 33 25 19 5 31 36 5 29 31 17 It would be possible only exceptionally 38 38 25 28 42 16 25 36 13 30 67 39 33 33 37 33 53 There is practically no chance 22 23 26 42 22 21 34 20 27 24 10 15 17 34 26 20 23 Not applicable, has never happened 4 3 2 6 2 36 11 2 26 7 12 4 7 15 3 4 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 520 99 28 59 118 112 104 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 209 44 1 7 44 100 12 Change from shift to normal working hours He/she usually gets usual working hours quickly 13 11 9 6 26 10 3 He or she has to wait for some time 21 20 11 44 24 20 19 It would be possible only exceptionally 39 49 58 25 24 43 41 There is practically no chance 19 18 17 15 12 21 30 Not applicable, has never happened 7 3 4 6 13 6 6 No answer 1 1 4 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 3143 94 104 1265 15 275 502 19 168 10 240 36 26 103 149 137 Flexible working time arrangements Yes 62 62 47 49 76 23 38 55 60 64 57 68 79 29 45 71 34 No 37 36 53 49 24 77 60 44 36 35 43 32 19 64 55 29 50 No answer 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 2 7 0 16 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 342 71 4 12 77 155 23 Flexible working time arrangements Yes 59 69 14 64 67 55 34 No 39 31 86 32 32 42 65 No answer 2 0 1 4 2 3 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2794 2303 91 249 377 23 131 206 43 144 45 225 97 29 292 330 21 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2165 1963 44 51 962 4 105 275 11 107 6 164 29 8 46 106 47 Rationale for introduction of flexible working hours To reduce paid overtime hours 26 27 22 10 36 24 6 33 18 8 12 15 44 17 17 22 2 To make working hours more adaptable to variations in workloads 57 58 55 47 70 33 26 61 33 27 42 39 56 56 52 50 31 To enable employees to better combine work and family or personal life 73 75 81 69 78 27 66 80 80 67 91 62 69 45 74 73 74 To cope with commuting problems 31 30 50 8 36 10 16 29 31 12 74 29 24 6 35 24 3 Other reasons 21 21 23 5 26 6 5 29 2 6 16 26 10 14 10 Don't know 2 3 12 2 4 1 3 0 4 3 6 6 8 No answer 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 Total (Multiple responses) 211 214 231 151 247 100 123 233 164 122 235 175 210 123 199 185 117






Base (unweighted) 491 107 14 72 129 94 75 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 201 49 1 8 51 85 8 Rationale for introduction of flexible working hours To reduce paid overtime hours 18 23 13 11 20 9 To make working hours more adaptable to variations in workloads 46 57 19 31 61 31 64 To enable employees to better combine work and family or personal life 51 70 46 59 52 41 38 To cope with commuting problems 44 76 9 12 26 42 20 Other reasons 20 35 25 12 7 21 15 Don't know 1 4 1 2 No answer 2 1 7 0 2 Total (Multiple responses) 181 262 100 138 158 157 149






Base (unweighted) 2794 2303 91 249 377 23 131 206 43 144 45 225 97 29 292 330 21 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2165 1963 44 51 962 4 105 275 11 107 6 164 29 8 46 106 47 Effects of flexible working hours A reduction of paid overtime hours 39 41 27 17 54 26 9 38 23 13 21 24 42 44 38 41 15 A better adaptation of working hours to the workloads 69 71 67 48 84 52 29 74 56 39 94 54 61 63 74 64 53 Lower absenteeism 33 34 37 14 40 7 14 38 48 18 25 33 27 35 22 28 30 Higher degree of job satisfaction 70 73 88 71 81 27 58 56 79 57 90 75 63 38 78 82 37 Other positive effects 38 40 29 12 52 1 4 37 43 14 31 31 46 12 46 46 Problems of internal and external communication due to varied working times 21 23 24 8 25 9 0 34 14 2 45 32 10 5 25 24 3 Increased costs 7 7 7 1 7 19 5 14 4 10 13 2 5 Other negative effects 11 12 8 8 15 1 13 6 2 1 16 8 14 9 Don't know 2 2 13 1 6 0 7 2 2 5 1 1 2 5 No answer 1 1 0 1 2 1 3 5 1 0 2 0 1 13 Total (Multiple responses) 293 303 287 193 358 143 127 308 281 152 319 279 263 199 300 302 157






Base (unweighted) 491 107 14 72 129 94 75 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 201 49 1 8 51 85 8 Effects of flexible working hours A reduction of paid overtime hours 23 27 4 14 16 27 7 A better adaptation of working hours to the workloads 56 73 61 39 65 42 67 Lower absenteeism 24 42 18 20 25 15 17 Higher degree of job satisfaction 48 64 43 66 58 33 35 Other positive effects 22 52 19 8 9 16 6 Problems of internal and external communication due to varied working times 8 19 2 7 1 7 8 Increased costs 3 2 3 0 6 5 Other negative effects 3 3 1 2 4 2 Don't know 3 1 3 6 1 6 2 No answer 4 3 22 8 2 6 1 Total (Multiple responses) 196 284 173 174 178 162 149






Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 3143 94 104 1265 15 275 502 19 168 10 240 36 26 103 149 137 Employees with overtime work Yes 85 86 76 85 92 91 70 81 92 88 84 89 95 85 86 90 73 No 13 12 17 11 7 9 29 17 6 11 15 8 4 10 13 9 22 Impossible to say, overtime hours are def. by end of year 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 Don't know 1 1 7 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 3 3 1 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 342 71 4 12 77 155 23 Employees with overtime work Yes 79 92 86 69 62 81 87 No 17 4 14 24 31 16 12 Impossible to say, overtime hours are def. by end of year 1 2 4 0 Don't know 3 3 3 2 3 1 No answer 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4335 3584 171 437 484 54 245 311 66 195 54 310 117 76 570 437 57 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2993 2718 72 91 1168 14 194 411 17 148 8 214 35 22 89 134 100 Forms of overtime work Only exceptionally 47 46 65 56 35 38 71 51 55 56 81 50 38 46 63 50 24 Regularly 25 25 20 21 24 13 16 25 30 25 11 38 24 44 9 37 48 Both forms 28 28 15 21 41 49 12 24 14 18 7 11 37 10 28 13 21 Don't know 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 No answer 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 751 150 61 77 134 142 187 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 275 66 3 9 51 126 20 Forms of overtime work Only exceptionally 58 49 72 51 65 58 70 Regularly 17 8 21 17 15 21 19 Both forms 23 42 7 32 16 18 11 Don't know 1 4 1 No answer 1 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1927 1635 71 184 293 20 71 149 34 80 16 159 69 41 203 204 41 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1570 1460 25 39 753 9 56 201 8 64 1 104 21 12 33 67 68 Proportion of regular overtime work Practically all 8 8 5 31 6 11 14 10 16 9 3 10 9 14 12 7 12 Most 25 25 32 11 29 27 26 17 12 31 30 26 17 21 16 21 16 Some 40 41 50 26 40 46 36 45 17 40 40 53 57 59 42 39 21 Very few only 22 22 10 29 23 16 10 22 41 14 24 10 14 2 29 31 27 Don't know 2 2 1 1 1 13 3 11 2 3 4 3 0 1 1 No answer 3 2 2 2 1 1 4 3 4 1 1 1 22 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 292 79 14 38 47 61 53 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 110 33 1 4 16 49 6 Proportion of regular overtime work Practically all 9 5 31 11 16 9 8 Most 20 15 12 30 22 21 25 Some 32 35 47 21 39 28 32 Very few only 29 34 2 31 18 31 28 Don't know 5 4 4 5 6 4 No answer 5 7 9 3 5 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4335 3584 171 437 484 54 245 311 66 195 54 310 117 76 570 437 57 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2993 2718 72 91 1168 14 194 411 17 148 8 214 35 22 89 134 100 Consultation of employee representation Informed/consulted before overtime hours have to be done 44 44 38 29 63 29 42 29 13 46 53 19 41 23 22 22 21 Informed afterwards only 17 18 20 9 14 12 23 27 13 31 13 17 25 32 38 6 Not informed/consulted at all 37 36 41 58 22 60 35 43 84 39 16 66 37 47 45 38 63 No answer 2 2 1 4 2 1 2 2 0 1 5 6 1 1 10 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 751 150 61 77 134 142 187 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 275 66 3 9 51 126 20 Consultation of employee representation Informed/consulted before overtime hours have to be done 45 63 34 67 55 29 57 Informed afterwards only 9 15 15 5 5 8 7 Not informed/consulted at all 43 22 44 22 37 60 35 No answer 3 1 6 6 3 3 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1640 1250 73 132 297 21 112 96 6 89 29 69 47 21 139 108 11 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1320 1196 28 26 731 4 82 119 2 68 4 41 14 5 20 30 21 Negotiations to avoid/reduce overtime work Yes 67 68 78 56 72 32 71 60 15 67 36 62 41 36 62 71 31 No 32 30 22 43 27 68 26 39 85 31 15 37 55 64 38 29 50 Don't know 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 17 No answer 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 49 2 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Negotiations about organisation of overtime work Yes 63 64 67 43 70 73 53 59 15 65 12 45 54 28 61 61 4 No 36 35 33 56 29 27 47 41 85 34 88 55 46 72 39 39 63 No answer 1 1 1 0 1 2 33 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 390 91 27 51 73 43 105 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 124 41 1 6 28 36 12 Negotiations to avoid/reduce overtime work Yes 51 56 30 57 45 53 42 No 45 43 66 37 44 45 56 Don't know 2 3 7 2 No answer 1 0 4 2 3 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Negotiations about organisation of overtime work Yes 56 72 23 67 37 46 72 No 43 28 77 28 58 54 28 No answer 1 5 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4335 3584 171 437 484 54 245 311 66 195 54 310 117 76 570 437 57 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2993 2718 72 91 1168 14 194 411 17 148 8 214 35 22 89 134 100 Choice of overtime workers Selected 18 17 24 10 17 38 33 15 18 26 10 12 16 57 7 12 4 Volunteers 45 47 48 59 42 15 48 45 58 36 69 56 33 12 62 67 64 Both 33 32 27 27 37 46 16 38 20 33 20 20 47 30 27 21 25 Don't know 2 2 0 2 2 2 1 3 1 2 3 1 4 0 1 No answer 2 2 1 3 0 0 2 4 1 9 1 0 0 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 751 150 61 77 134 142 187 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 275 66 3 9 51 126 20 Choice of overtime workers Selected 26 14 39 9 20 34 33 Volunteers 24 24 6 26 34 20 19 Both 45 55 55 57 42 40 48 Don't know 2 3 6 2 No answer 3 4 1 3 4 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2146 1595 79 158 263 43 125 165 31 114 27 102 73 64 196 140 15 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1539 1343 36 33 640 12 96 217 7 88 2 68 22 19 30 43 28 Refusal of overtime work possible Yes 72 71 64 54 69 76 77 68 97 82 95 75 73 58 93 71 62 No 25 26 36 37 28 24 19 31 13 5 12 24 34 7 24 32 Don't know 3 3 6 3 4 1 2 10 1 6 2 No answer 1 1 3 1 0 3 2 2 2 2 3 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 551 107 55 51 87 105 146 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 196 45 3 6 32 94 17 Refusal of overtime work possible Yes 78 91 86 69 59 81 69 No 19 8 6 23 33 18 26 Don't know 2 1 3 7 3 No answer 1 0 8 5 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4335 3584 171 437 484 54 245 311 66 195 54 310 117 76 570 437 57 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2993 2718 72 91 1168 14 194 411 17 148 8 214 35 22 89 134 100 Payment or time off for overtime work Paid for 14 13 5 15 1 41 41 10 46 38 43 7 23 52 34 7 60 Compensated by time off 23 24 25 36 33 2 13 19 9 5 5 23 19 7 13 8 9 Both - extra-payment or compensation by time off 60 61 67 47 63 57 42 68 42 56 51 64 57 39 52 84 26 Neither - nor 2 2 3 2 2 4 3 2 0 6 1 3 1 1 3 No answer 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 751 150 61 77 134 142 187 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 275 66 3 9 51 126 20 Payment or time off for overtime work Paid for 25 15 66 30 38 24 19 Compensated by time off 13 7 8 17 11 17 18 Both - extra-payment or compensation by time off 60 76 25 49 50 57 61 Neither - nor 2 1 3 2 2 2 No answer Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2429 2029 98 215 300 20 85 209 23 108 25 188 65 33 279 368 13 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1809 1644 48 43 741 8 82 278 7 83 4 136 20 9 46 112 26 If both is possible: most common compensation By payment 24 23 4 18 15 46 35 16 49 40 1 31 41 57 52 41 34 By time off 38 39 52 32 56 0 8 21 3 16 1 37 25 8 32 32 6 Both alternatives are of approximately the same importance 35 36 44 48 27 45 53 61 48 45 97 23 31 35 14 22 60 No answer 3 3 0 2 2 9 3 3 1 9 3 2 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 400 107 13 34 59 78 109 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 165 50 1 4 25 72 12 If both is possible: most common compensation By payment 43 41 78 41 35 49 35 By time off 24 15 12 11 36 29 Both alternatives are of approximately the same importance 30 42 22 47 54 12 34 No answer 2 2 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 3143 94 104 1265 15 275 502 19 168 10 240 36 26 103 149 137 Importance of overtime work issue Major issue 29 30 22 17 40 27 24 25 8 20 19 13 31 22 38 29 13 Minor issue 45 46 36 46 52 33 36 45 37 62 56 31 52 33 47 47 33 Not a topic at all 26 24 40 35 8 41 38 30 55 17 21 54 16 40 15 23 49 No answer 1 1 2 2 0 2 1 4 1 1 5 0 1 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Position of employee representation to overtime work Aims to reduce overtime in general 34 35 30 39 37 26 36 31 7 38 35 28 17 44 37 46 19 Accepts overtime hours to respond to workload peaks 50 51 45 50 59 55 32 41 50 48 36 61 67 34 51 44 41 Welcomes overt. hours as a means to earn some extra money 10 9 14 6 2 18 17 20 36 9 17 4 14 19 7 2 23 No answer 6 6 11 5 2 1 16 8 7 6 12 8 1 3 5 7 17 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 342 71 4 12 77 155 23 Importance of overtime work issue Major issue 19 35 42 37 14 13 19 Minor issue 34 48 32 33 38 25 44 Not a topic at all 44 17 22 29 47 58 37 No answer 2 0 4 1 1 4 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Position of employee representation to overtime work Aims to reduce overtime in general 24 23 16 19 20 28 23 Accepts overtime hours to respond to workload peaks 42 56 61 23 51 31 50 Welcomes overt. hours as a means to earn some extra money 26 17 12 41 18 35 16 No answer 7 4 11 17 10 6 11 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 3143 94 104 1265 15 275 502 19 168 10 240 36 26 103 149 137 Employees aged 50 years or older Yes 97 97 98 94 100 87 94 96 98 96 91 98 99 95 95 98 95 No 2 2 2 6 0 13 6 4 2 4 5 2 1 5 5 2 4 No answer 0 0 0 3 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 342 71 4 12 77 155 23 Employees aged 50 years or older Yes 97 100 90 97 99 95 99 No 3 0 10 3 1 5 1 No answer 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4980 4050 204 468 523 58 337 374 69 214 66 348 121 90 634 475 69 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3396 3063 92 98 1262 13 257 482 18 160 9 236 36 25 98 146 131 Phased retirement offered Yes 45 48 74 51 60 10 13 42 32 5 15 76 67 10 44 35 39 No 50 48 22 45 40 90 79 56 59 86 77 17 30 80 51 57 36 No answer 5 4 4 4 1 0 7 2 9 9 8 7 3 9 5 9 25 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 930 164 64 109 210 163 220 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 332 71 4 12 76 147 23 Phased retirement offered Yes 18 16 6 40 17 18 19 No 69 72 89 48 63 72 73 No answer 12 11 5 11 20 10 8 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1833 1634 135 218 292 9 34 134 19 12 19 240 78 7 258 156 23 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1534 1474 68 50 753 1 34 201 6 8 1 180 24 3 43 51 51 Employer encourages/tries to prevent from phased retirement Encourages 29 29 25 27 30 48 9 32 39 44 35 25 20 23 20 Tries to prevent them 14 14 25 0 17 5 16 4 18 38 8 11 5 4 Neither - nor 55 55 50 72 52 52 78 49 50 62 19 53 63 100 73 69 62 No answer 3 3 0 1 1 8 3 7 20 5 1 2 4 18 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 199 36 4 44 35 30 50 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 60 12 0 5 13 26 4 Employer encourages/tries to prevent from phased retirement Encourages 21 2 42 7 74 5 21 Tries to prevent them 8 5 2 17 4 Neither - nor 66 98 58 82 24 68 74 No answer 5 6 10 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 3143 94 104 1265 15 275 502 19 168 10 240 36 26 103 149 137 Possibility of early retirement Yes 62 60 66 38 69 46 48 59 60 13 79 84 39 54 70 47 57 No 32 34 27 51 31 53 42 35 25 79 10 8 51 33 18 43 15 No answer 6 6 7 11 0 1 10 6 16 9 12 7 9 13 12 10 28 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 342 71 4 12 77 155 23 Possibility of early retirement Yes 80 97 33 84 63 87 49 No 15 1 61 9 25 13 37 No answer 5 1 6 7 12 1 13 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2965 2302 153 186 349 36 162 220 36 28 47 288 46 42 460 208 41 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2169 1894 62 39 868 7 133 297 11 21 8 202 14 14 72 69 77 Employer encourages/tries to prevent from early retirement Encourages 35 34 24 6 36 48 34 34 2 38 44 47 30 53 22 25 7 Tries to prevent them 13 14 27 3 16 1 4 25 2 17 5 5 5 9 6 2 Neither - nor 49 50 47 88 47 50 57 37 86 41 50 45 64 47 65 68 81 No answer 3 3 2 3 2 5 4 10 4 2 4 1 3 1 10 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 663 159 28 92 128 151 105 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 274 69 1 10 49 134 11 Employer encourages/tries to prevent from early retirement Encourages 42 27 8 8 76 40 40 Tries to prevent them 9 17 11 10 5 7 6 Neither - nor 46 50 67 77 17 52 47 No answer 3 6 14 5 2 1 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 909 666 37 10 130 15 45 85 1 11 13 131 14 24 100 48 2 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 753 639 15 2 315 3 45 102 0 8 3 95 4 7 16 17 5 Encouraging early retirement In order to cope with problems of decreasing productivity or poor health 34 35 73 74 33 44 25 43 15 20 36 57 28 45 44 In order to reduce the average age of the workforce 34 37 49 18 35 66 46 47 100 34 19 32 25 51 25 26 In order to reduce staff 55 54 33 8 69 27 15 45 100 16 84 39 28 54 53 56 68 Other reasons 30 30 25 8 20 12 18 54 44 12 46 36 12 25 21 32 Don't know 2 2 17 0 15 2 1 8 No answer 0 1 1 2 0 7 2 Total (Multiple responses) 155 158 180 125 157 149 119 190 200 110 136 155 153 145 155 149 100






Base (unweighted) 243 36 3 6 98 59 41 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 114 19 0 1 37 53 5 Encouraging early retirement In order to cope with problems of decreasing productivity or poor health 27 61 79 16 26 14 32 In order to reduce the average age of the workforce 16 1 79 50 19 17 35 In order to reduce staff 61 83 79 63 54 59 41 Other reasons 33 28 100 34 40 30 29 Don't know 0 2 No answer 0 1 3 Total (Multiple responses) 136 174 337 163 140 120 141






Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 3143 94 104 1265 15 275 502 19 168 10 240 36 26 103 149 137 Initiatives to improve work-life balance A general reduction in weekly working hours 44 45 41 25 41 60 68 52 56 43 73 24 29 59 43 68 36 Introduce or extend flexi-time or working time accounts 53 55 46 32 64 34 50 55 64 51 83 51 37 25 53 41 32 Introduce or extend long-term leave options 41 42 61 44 46 14 33 46 52 15 66 55 20 6 49 51 8 Reduce overtime or introduce time-off in lieu 49 51 54 39 60 13 39 63 39 25 37 47 26 11 46 53 10 Introduce or extend opportunities to work part-time 47 49 79 34 50 9 44 67 50 28 81 55 14 6 43 46 21 Introduce or extend opportunities for phased retirement 61 64 68 60 74 22 58 74 63 23 69 65 45 25 59 76 12 Introduce or extend opportunities for early retirement 62 64 76 42 72 18 50 84 70 26 53 65 33 30 55 70 13 Better possibilities to change to normal working hours 33 33 42 10 33 23 54 25 11 58 39 21 16 33 40 18 Others 9 9 5 4 8 3 3 20 3 1 6 11 4 6 10 7 1 No actions needed 4 4 0 13 4 5 4 0 2 4 3 4 27 2 4 3 4 No answer 2 1 2 0 1 2 1 0 4 2 3 0 1 15 Total (Multiple responses) 406 417 473 304 453 181 373 517 424 227 528 419 257 188 393 456 171






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 342 71 4 12 77 155 23 Initiatives to improve work-life balance A general reduction in weekly working hours 40 56 66 34 46 30 29 Introduce or extend flexi-time or working time accounts 39 57 19 30 42 32 30 Introduce or extend long-term leave options 32 51 41 30 35 24 13 Reduce overtime or introduce time-off in lieu 34 50 53 33 27 32 23 Introduce or extend opportunities to work part-time 23 40 15 21 26 15 18 Introduce or extend opportunities for phased retirement 34 55 24 30 32 28 15 Introduce or extend opportunities for early retirement 51 59 37 30 38 58 30 Better possibilities to change to normal working hours 26 46 2 18 18 23 27 Others 10 18 4 11 7 10 2 No actions needed 7 1 6 15 9 7 8 No answer 4 3 1 4 2 1 28 Total (Multiple responses) 300 436 267 256 284 260 224






Base (unweighted) 3774 3216 201 356 468 30 254 372 67 97 66 283 62 37 470 431 22 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2764 2556 89 74 1144 9 202 479 17 74 9 194 19 10 71 132 33 Most desirable working time initiative A general reduction in weekly working hours 20 20 16 9 15 50 43 21 20 23 14 6 22 57 20 42 22 Introduce or extend flexi-time or working time accounts 29 30 12 15 42 26 24 21 25 33 14 23 22 11 20 17 16 Introduce or extend long-term leave options 4 4 4 7 3 3 3 4 1 28 11 6 5 3 Reduce overtime or introduce time-off in lieu 10 10 11 8 10 7 10 5 11 6 13 10 10 10 7 2 Introduce or extend opportunities to work part-time 7 7 26 6 5 0 6 6 5 15 5 13 3 3 6 4 31 Introduce or extend opportunities for phased retirement 12 12 11 36 15 9 2 7 8 4 24 11 25 8 12 12 8 Introduce or extend opportunities for early retirement 9 9 11 6 8 10 8 13 19 10 7 10 5 7 9 6 3 Better possibilities to change to normal working hours 5 5 6 3 3 2 10 7 3 1 8 4 10 5 18 Others 3 3 2 4 1 5 1 9 4 4 6 3 No answer 1 1 1 6 3 3 1 2 7 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 558 140 52 58 131 93 84 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 208 62 3 6 44 84 10 Most desirable working time initiative A general reduction in weekly working hours 27 31 52 23 37 18 25 Introduce or extend flexi-time or working time accounts 17 22 13 7 17 15 18 Introduce or extend long-term leave options 8 12 7 6 10 5 5 Reduce overtime or introduce time-off in lieu 13 10 6 19 3 20 21 Introduce or extend opportunities to work part-time 3 2 6 1 5 2 0 Introduce or extend opportunities for phased retirement 7 4 2 11 11 8 1 Introduce or extend opportunities for early retirement 12 4 13 18 9 18 15 Better possibilities to change to normal working hours 8 11 1 5 1 9 11 Others 4 4 6 5 4 No answer 1 4 1 2 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 3143 94 104 1265 15 275 502 19 168 10 240 36 26 103 149 137 Work-life balance in the establishment Very easy 9 10 11 33 10 2 9 4 5 7 9 11 20 17 6 8 14 Quite easy 56 56 65 44 53 41 54 63 68 56 26 69 63 32 58 64 46 Quite difficult 26 25 19 16 28 40 23 24 22 30 62 17 9 33 32 24 23 Very difficult 6 6 5 6 7 17 8 7 4 4 1 2 5 17 4 3 6 No answer 3 2 0 2 2 0 4 1 1 3 2 2 4 0 1 1 11 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 342 71 4 12 77 155 23 Work-life balance in the establishment Very easy 7 5 20 5 6 7 9 Quite easy 55 56 49 49 61 53 47 Quite difficult 28 32 23 39 24 27 31 Very difficult 6 4 6 5 3 8 11 No answer 5 3 2 2 5 5 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1580 1248 68 109 173 32 123 125 23 73 22 70 16 46 230 116 22 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1116 999 22 23 453 9 88 159 5 56 6 44 5 13 37 40 40 Reason for difficulties with work-life balance Nature of work 60 59 53 96 63 52 44 41 52 73 47 68 48 46 72 70 57 Employer's attitude 11 12 5 11 24 11 13 5 7 14 5 20 7 13 14 Both of equal importance 26 27 40 3 25 48 30 45 27 16 43 15 40 33 20 14 11 No answer 2 3 2 1 1 2 3 9 6 3 3 8 1 1 3 18 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 332 56 23 48 55 59 91 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 116 25 1 5 21 54 10 Reason for difficulties with work-life balance Nature of work 69 71 49 80 87 62 64 Employer's attitude 7 1 2 1 11 14 Both of equal importance 23 23 51 15 11 27 20 No answer 2 5 2 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 3143 94 104 1265 15 275 502 19 168 10 240 36 26 103 149 137 Work-life balance as task of the company 0 = It is not at all the task ... 1 1 2 2 0 3 2 3 4 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 0 1 2 1 1 0 2 1 0 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 2 2 3 5 4 5 5 6 8 6 1 1 4 4 2 2 6 10 2 4 3 5 25 24 19 22 25 18 19 36 12 24 41 14 19 17 11 26 9 6 12 12 14 7 13 6 10 13 13 12 5 14 12 13 12 10 7 7 17 18 25 17 15 25 17 16 8 19 9 31 21 10 21 18 24 8 20 20 23 17 21 29 20 15 25 19 11 25 13 26 32 23 22 9 3 3 4 8 2 6 2 1 5 3 4 5 9 11 2 3 10 = The company should definitely consider ... 12 12 3 13 13 15 21 9 24 10 7 2 10 20 7 10 25 No answer 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 21 0 2 3 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 6,5 6,6 6,4 6,6 6,6 7,4 7,0 6,1 7,2 6,3 6,0 6,6 6,3 7,6 7,2 6,5 7,4






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 342 71 4 12 77 155 23 Work-life balance as task of the company 0 = It is not at all the task ... 3 1 4 4 2 1 1 4 8 1 1 2 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 4 7 2 3 4 3 6 4 6 10 1 8 4 5 5 5 34 30 14 32 34 37 25 6 11 15 11 7 6 12 6 7 12 7 15 15 15 13 15 8 14 19 17 13 15 10 17 9 2 0 12 3 2 1 3 10 = The company should definitely consider ... 12 7 22 9 8 15 14 No answer 1 1 1 4 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 6,1 5,9 7,3 5,8 6,0 6,1 6,4






Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 3143 94 104 1265 15 275 502 19 168 10 240 36 26 103 149 137 Relationship management - employee representation Very co-operative 25 25 21 59 30 22 12 10 21 11 16 31 36 19 23 37 34 Quite co-operative 54 53 61 32 52 48 54 58 62 52 62 56 54 35 67 51 48 Quite strained 16 16 13 6 15 30 25 24 12 28 0 9 7 26 9 7 9 Very strained 4 4 5 2 3 0 9 6 2 10 1 3 2 12 1 3 2 No answer 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 21 2 1 8 1 2 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Employee-related problems High absenteeism and/or sickness rate 30 30 32 21 26 2 34 42 37 25 15 24 11 15 37 31 53 Difficulties in finding staff for skilled jobs 38 39 61 19 35 33 35 55 47 32 40 35 45 21 33 41 39 Difficulties in finding staff for low skilled or unskilled jobs 10 11 28 6 6 2 12 19 21 10 10 6 7 2 10 9 21 Difficulties in retaining staff 17 17 28 15 6 18 23 35 37 16 11 17 14 11 12 18 37 A need to reduce staff levels 33 33 17 35 47 2 9 28 33 18 31 33 19 16 19 38 12 Low motivation of staff 34 35 35 17 32 23 37 50 54 50 42 25 16 44 23 32 43 Other problems 24 24 18 9 37 0 1 29 2 15 6 26 15 15 23 3 0 No problems 18 17 9 33 15 54 25 10 14 22 18 19 25 17 18 16 20 No answer 0 0 1 1 1 22 2 7 0 Total (Multiple responses) 204 207 228 156 205 134 177 268 246 188 195 184 155 147 176 188 225






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 342 71 4 12 77 155 23 Relationship management - employee representation Very co-operative 29 27 23 21 33 28 25 Quite co-operative 60 63 66 62 58 60 56 Quite strained 9 9 9 12 7 10 12 Very strained 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 No answer 1 2 3 1 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Employee-related problems High absenteeism and/or sickness rate 25 48 9 12 17 16 41 Difficulties in finding staff for skilled jobs 32 53 20 55 30 20 35 Difficulties in finding staff for low skilled or unskilled jobs 7 16 3 15 8 1 13 Difficulties in retaining staff 18 31 11 13 17 13 14 A need to reduce staff levels 31 53 5 16 21 28 26 Low motivation of staff 23 44 38 24 28 9 36 Other problems 17 34 10 9 9 16 6 No problems 27 13 28 21 27 35 19 No answer 0 2 1 0 2 Total (Multiple responses) 179 293 125 165 157 139 191






Base (unweighted) 5232 4263 214 502 526 68 373 393 73 225 77 355 123 97 674 489 74 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 3143 94 104 1265 15 275 502 19 168 10 240 36 26 103 149 137 Proportion of trade union members None 4 4 0 0 3 0 6 10 0 2 2 1 3 Less than 20% 31 33 10 1 38 17 45 56 0 15 12 43 26 10 1 1 6 20% to less than 40% 20 20 14 1 23 1 23 23 2 18 18 29 24 11 2 1 22 40% to less than 60% 16 15 18 4 19 6 10 6 12 29 31 13 9 20 6 5 22 60% to less than 80% 11 10 26 7 11 17 5 2 20 22 8 6 17 23 13 10 20 80% to less than 100% 11 11 24 37 3 29 7 1 43 13 5 1 18 24 63 65 20 All 4 4 5 45 0 29 0 18 2 1 3 0 14 18 7 Don't know 3 3 3 4 3 2 4 2 5 1 3 7 3 5 1 1 3 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 1 21 4 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Respondent is trade union member Yes 82 82 96 98 80 100 76 72 100 96 64 59 94 100 97 100 100 No 17 18 4 2 20 24 27 4 15 41 6 3 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 969 165 81 112 214 174 223 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 342 71 4 12 77 155 23 Proportion of trade union members None 5 9 0 11 1 Less than 20% 13 15 7 18 13 4 20% to less than 40% 24 26 3 21 23 26 10 40% to less than 60% 26 31 5 18 21 28 21 60% to less than 80% 21 16 14 17 17 24 33 80% to less than 100% 9 3 50 28 8 8 24 All 1 1 27 7 0 5 Don't know 1 1 2 2 No answer 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Respondent is trade union member Yes 91 91 96 100 73 100 91 No 9 9 4 27 9 No answer 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100




Tables by NACE

10

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(ESWT 2004/2005)

Tables by NACE

prepared by




10

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10

3

Preface












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This volume contains cross-tabulations showing the distribution of the answers to all questions in the management (MM) and the employee representative (ER) questionnaires of the ESWT. All results are shown in a breakdown by NACE (table head 2). Data are representative for all non-agricultural establishments with 10 or more employees in the countries surveyed.2 This volume of cross-tabulations includes two different sets of cross-tabulations: − The first set shows the survey results in an establishment proportional perspective. The


− The second set shows the survey results in an employee proportional perspective. The table number in the upper right corner is amended by the suffix “-EMP”. These tables were calculated by using the employee proportional weighting factor (“emp_wei”) which redresses the net sample so that the distribution of employees over the 10 cells of the stratification matrix used for sampling (see chapter 3 of the Technical Report) is reproduced. Analyses based on employee proportional weighted data allow to make statements of the following type: “Y % of all employees covered by this survey3 work in establishments which have part-timers among their staff”.4 Since many employees work in large establishments, analyses of this type are more influenced by the situation in larger units than does the establishment proportional analysis.

Many of the questions asked in the ESWT-questionnaire were not addressed to all respondents but to certain subgroups only (e.g. respondents in establishments with part-time work). When interpreting the indicated percentages, it is therefore necessary to carefully check the definition of the group which had to answer a certain question. The definition of the group representing 100% for each question is indicated above each table in the line “base”. Tables are sorted in the order of the questions in the questionnaires.

2 Apart from Agriculture and Fishing (NACE A+B) the survey did not include Private Households


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Table numbers in the upper right corner (e.g. MM-EST 2.01) indicate − whether results refer to the management or the employee representative questionnaire


proportional weighting factor (“-EST” or “–EMP”), − the number of the table heading (the cross tabulation by NACE has the number “2”), − a consecutive number for the table (e.g. “.01”). NACE Codes Industries C 10-14 Mining and quarrying D 15-37 Manufacturing E 40/41 Electricity, gas and water supply F 45 Construction Services G 50-52 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal household goods H 55 Hotels and restaurants I 60-64 Transport, storage and communication J 65-67 Financial intermediation K 70-74 Real estate, renting and business activities L 75 Public administration and defence; compulsory social security M 80 Education N 85 Health and social work O 90-93 Other community, social and personal service activities

2. Tables




Country


Column percent Total Sector of activity NACE C NACE D NACE E NACE F NACE G NACE H NACE I NACE J NACE K NACE L NACE M NACE N NACE O

Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Country Belgium 2 1 1 0 3 3 1 3 1 2 2 0 1 1 Denmark 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 3 1 3 6 4 Germany 21 34 19 15 23 19 18 21 22 19 12 26 24 35 Greece 2 3 2 0 1 4 4 2 1 1 4 0 1 0 Spain 8 7 11 13 11 6 9 7 2 11 17 2 1 5 France 13 10 11 10 10 14 17 25 13 15 21 2 13 1 Ireland 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Italy 11 31 18 5 12 8 8 13 23 7 18 4 2 9 Luxembourg 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Netherlands 4 2 3 4 3 1 2 7 6 2 9 6 0 Austria 2 2 2 1 3 3 3 3 2 3 0 0 1 3 Portugal 3 3 5 2 4 6 1 3 0 1 1 0 0 2 Finland 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 2 Sweden 3 1 4 3 2 1 2 2 3 1 6 7 4 United Kingdom 14 9 3 10 14 27 9 12 15 4 21 30 18 Czech Republic 3 1 4 6 2 3 3 3 0 2 3 2 1 2 Cyprus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Latvia 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 Hungary 2 2 2 16 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 0 0 2 Poland 7 4 8 15 9 6 2 2 4 4 7 22 6 10 Slovenia 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Sector of activity



Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Sector of activity Mining and quarrying (NACE C) 1 100 Manufacturing industries (NACE D) 22 100 Electricity, gas and water supply (NACE E) 0 100 Construction (NACE F) 7 100 Retail, repair (NACE G) 22 100 Hotels and restaurants (NACE H) 6 100 Transport, storage and communication (NACE I) 6 100 Financial intermediation (NACE J) 3 100 Real estate, renting and business activities (NACE K) 10 100 Public administration (NACE L) 7 100 Education (NACE M) 6 100 Health and social work (NACE N) 6 100 Other community, social and personal services (NACE O) 4 100 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Type of establishment Single site 65 65 79 62 85 61 64 57 32 71 54 58 50 57 Multi-site: headquarters 13 11 10 17 7 16 9 14 23 15 13 9 13 20 Multi-site: subsidiaries 20 23 10 18 8 22 26 24 40 13 23 30 33 22 No answer (MM100) 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 2 0 No answer (MM101) 1 0 3 0 0 1 5 5 1 2 2 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Number of employees 10 - 19 employees 54 56 50 28 59 61 59 55 46 57 45 43 42 62 20 - 49 employees 30 29 31 31 29 28 30 29 29 27 30 37 34 26 50 - 199 employees 13 13 15 34 10 9 9 13 19 13 19 19 17 10 200 - 499 employees 2 1 3 4 1 2 1 2 4 2 4 1 4 2 500 and more employees 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 2 1 2 0 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Female proportion None at all 3 15 4 2 9 2 2 5 0 2 2 0 2 Less than 20% 29 61 43 39 73 29 8 47 10 25 9 2 3 12 20% to less than 40% 16 12 20 39 10 23 10 16 15 20 15 5 2 15 40% to less than 60% 19 4 15 10 5 18 36 17 36 24 31 12 10 24 60% to less than 80% 14 2 9 5 1 12 28 8 22 14 28 22 20 21 80% to less than 100% 15 1 7 4 1 11 14 6 13 13 14 46 52 20 All 3 5 2 0 4 1 1 4 1 1 12 13 5 No answer 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Skilled jobs None at all 8 2 7 2 5 11 15 14 3 7 3 1 3 12 Less than 20% 16 31 21 12 16 18 22 22 6 12 17 3 7 13 20% to less than 40% 12 11 15 9 8 13 16 12 7 8 13 5 8 13 40% to less than 60% 11 4 12 16 14 12 14 8 7 7 13 10 14 10 60% to less than 80% 11 7 11 12 14 10 9 6 11 10 14 17 20 10 80% to less than 100% 19 15 16 24 17 16 13 14 27 26 20 35 30 18 All 22 30 17 23 26 20 11 23 37 30 19 29 17 24 No answer 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Groups of employees Fixed-term contracts or temporary contracts 58 41 55 73 49 55 57 63 59 55 71 73 65 58 Temporary agency workers 23 24 30 28 24 21 16 24 25 23 14 17 27 13 Freelancers 17 20 18 19 20 13 16 15 10 24 16 18 14 27 None of these 30 40 31 17 35 33 31 28 32 31 20 20 24 28 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 128 126 134 136 129 123 121 130 127 133 121 128 130 126 Employee-related problems High absenteeism and/or sickness rate 14 10 17 9 11 14 15 15 8 7 13 12 23 14 Difficulties in finding staff for skilled jobs 34 40 40 23 43 35 42 31 21 38 20 21 33 30 Difficulties in finding staff for low skilled or unskilled jobs 13 9 13 6 12 14 32 16 5 12 6 9 13 14 Difficulties in retaining staff 8 7 8 6 7 9 14 10 5 10 6 4 9 9 A need to reduce staff levels 16 17 19 17 17 15 16 16 15 12 14 17 18 21 Low motivation of staff 14 12 15 14 15 15 16 16 10 12 16 8 14 18 Other problems 7 7 6 4 6 8 8 9 2 6 7 5 12 9 No problems 40 46 35 52 38 41 33 39 54 42 49 49 35 39 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 149 148 155 130 149 151 177 152 123 140 130 126 158 153






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Working time agreements Yes 60 49 54 81 56 57 59 67 74 56 67 73 66 60 No 39 51 45 19 43 42 40 32 25 43 32 27 32 39 No answer 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 2 0 1 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Weekly working hours Less than 30 hours 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 9 2 3 30 to less than 35 hours 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 0 0 1 6 4 2 35 hours 12 6 11 8 5 10 6 20 13 15 24 5 15 6 More than 35 to less than 40 hours 35 23 26 33 31 38 29 25 62 33 50 31 55 43 40 hours 45 66 59 57 58 45 47 40 23 46 23 37 21 39 More than 40 hours 5 5 3 1 6 4 14 14 1 4 2 10 1 6 No answer 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 38,6 39,4 39,0 38,8 39,4 38,7 39,7 39,3 38,1 38,6 37,3 37,7 37,1 38,3






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Economic situation Very good 16 19 14 28 14 18 19 13 34 20 13 8 14 12 Quite good 64 65 65 58 71 66 67 68 55 68 50 56 62 64 Quite bad 12 14 15 6 10 10 10 13 7 8 14 18 13 19 Very bad 2 0 2 0 2 2 1 2 1 1 3 6 3 1 No answer 6 2 4 7 2 4 4 3 2 3 20 11 9 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Size of workforce Increased 35 21 30 29 30 37 30 41 28 41 40 34 39 30 Decreased 23 27 29 26 26 21 20 23 29 24 18 20 15 21 Stayed about the same 42 51 40 45 43 41 49 36 41 35 42 46 44 48 No answer 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Public sector Yes 23 5 4 47 6 6 10 21 12 10 95 87 50 36 No 77 95 96 52 94 94 90 78 88 89 4 13 49 63 No answer 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 3053 22 1169 42 293 713 141 166 65 284 28 20 28 82 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 227 1 77 2 23 66 9 9 5 21 2 2 2 7 Ownership Domestic 90 77 88 75 97 90 93 89 62 92 71 100 100 89 Foreign 8 21 10 19 2 8 4 11 34 6 1 7 Equal parts / no majority ownership 2 2 5 1 2 2 0 2 1 0 3 Don't know 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 16 1 No answer 0 0 0 1 12 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4080 20 1176 95 292 702 128 232 77 336 390 320 155 157 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 352 1 86 5 28 77 12 12 7 26 27 43 11 16 Existance before 1989/91 Existed before 1989/91 46 33 36 83 34 25 38 29 75 33 79 84 56 61 Newly founded since 1989/91 54 67 63 14 66 74 59 68 25 67 20 16 44 38 Don't know 1 0 3 1 3 2 0 0 0 1 No answer 0 0 1 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Variations of workload Within the same day 21 11 12 13 13 21 38 29 17 18 25 21 33 24 From day to day within a normal working week 33 26 28 18 27 31 46 43 33 35 30 28 43 32 Within a year, e.g. seasonal variations 47 41 46 46 52 50 59 53 30 46 51 39 32 52 None of these 29 32 30 42 27 27 17 19 42 29 26 43 34 26 No answer 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 Total (Multiple responses) 130 111 118 121 119 131 161 145 123 128 133 131 144 135






Base (unweighted) 7420 32 1953 64 579 1253 373 464 205 737 648 313 560 239 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1074 5 195 3 61 236 91 81 31 115 76 57 80 45 Foreseeability of daily/weekly workload variations Mostly foreseeable 40 34 36 13 33 43 56 36 47 39 33 47 32 48 Mostly not foreseeable 42 49 50 36 48 42 27 44 29 44 37 31 47 33 Both of equal importance 17 17 14 51 19 13 15 19 24 16 28 22 21 18 No answer 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Arrangements mostly used for coping with daily/weekly workload peaks Asking regular staff to work more hours 65 80 71 61 66 64 55 65 60 72 58 53 66 65 Employing staff on call, agency workers or freelancers 24 14 29 49 32 18 28 26 16 25 16 18 26 24 Outsourcing tasks to other firms 17 31 27 21 33 15 10 19 8 17 11 3 6 15 Employing part-time staff for peak hours or peak days 23 11 15 9 11 21 52 23 18 19 11 34 31 29 Others 14 30 12 33 8 15 12 17 14 13 19 21 15 20 None 8 2 6 6 7 9 7 6 13 5 18 11 7 5 Don't know 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 No answer 1 0 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 151 168 161 180 160 143 164 156 128 151 136 139 152 158






Base (unweighted) 10153 52 3166 101 1000 1781 477 553 219 896 826 404 355 322 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1266 6 267 6 99 291 91 84 24 129 96 66 49 57 Foreseeability of annual variations Mostly foreseeable 68 54 59 71 52 76 77 70 77 62 72 87 47 76 Mostly not foreseeable 20 19 29 6 30 14 11 16 11 26 10 8 34 16 Both of equal importance 12 27 11 23 17 9 12 13 11 11 18 5 18 8 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Arrangements mostly used for coping with workload peaks within a year Asking regular staff to work more hours 63 81 68 56 60 64 51 57 59 71 61 59 66 68 Employing staff on call, agency workers or freelancers 29 30 35 28 32 25 38 33 24 31 19 12 29 28 Employing additional staff with fixed-term contracts 32 21 30 35 33 32 43 38 26 30 34 19 39 25 Outsourcing tasks to other firms 18 26 25 22 44 14 8 21 11 17 14 6 8 12 Asking staff to postpone holidays 27 33 26 29 31 25 27 35 26 29 22 11 28 32 Others 14 20 11 21 10 15 15 17 19 13 13 17 13 17 None 5 0 4 10 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 13 7 6 Don't know 0 5 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Total (Multiple responses) 188 217 200 201 213 179 186 206 168 194 168 138 192 187






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Part-time proportion None at all 36 51 46 46 58 39 26 49 26 35 37 7 10 21 Less than 20% 39 46 45 48 39 37 30 40 48 44 39 34 29 34 20% to less than 40% 11 3 7 4 3 9 13 6 17 12 13 25 22 12 40% to less than 60% 6 1 2 0 6 12 2 4 4 7 19 14 13 60% to less than 80% 4 1 0 0 5 12 1 2 2 3 9 13 7 80% to less than 100% 2 0 0 2 6 1 1 2 1 4 10 11 All 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 3 3 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13404 63 3829 139 828 2130 557 602 476 1324 1123 895 981 457 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1700 7 316 7 80 355 115 79 58 182 118 157 138 86 Forms of part-time work Some fixed hours every day 69 69 75 86 68 69 52 58 65 68 74 76 69 68 Other fixed cycles, e.g. some fixed days of the week in full-time, the other days off 38 14 31 28 26 38 35 33 52 43 45 40 48 41 Flexible working hours which are fixed a few days or hours in advance according to the establishment's needs 27 40 22 22 22 25 50 35 25 24 20 15 37 33 Other forms of part-time work 7 2 6 13 4 7 5 11 7 7 11 9 9 7 Don't know 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 142 126 135 149 122 139 142 139 151 143 151 140 164 150






Base (unweighted) 13404 63 3829 139 828 2130 557 602 476 1324 1123 895 981 457 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1700 7 316 7 80 355 115 79 58 182 118 157 138 86 Reasons for introducing part-time work Mainly the needs of the establishment 34 35 29 35 33 35 51 42 14 26 29 42 36 45 Mainly the wishes of the employees 39 37 46 47 38 36 17 40 61 49 41 35 32 27 Both of equal importance 21 27 19 13 20 23 27 13 22 19 19 17 29 20 Mainly because of other reasons 5 1 5 5 8 4 3 5 2 5 8 5 1 5 Don't know 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 2 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Proportion of male part-timers None at all 55 75 60 45 61 58 32 49 64 57 55 50 57 45 Less than 20% 24 12 21 29 19 20 24 18 26 20 28 33 33 29 20% to less than 40% 5 1 3 4 2 6 12 3 2 6 5 5 4 11 40% to less than 60% 7 1 5 11 5 7 21 7 4 7 7 8 3 9 60% to less than 80% 2 2 2 0 1 3 4 2 1 1 1 1 3 80% to less than 100% 2 3 3 6 3 2 2 8 1 3 1 0 0 1 All 5 5 6 5 8 4 3 12 1 7 2 2 2 2 No answer 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13404 63 3829 139 828 2130 557 602 476 1324 1123 895 981 457 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1700 7 316 7 80 355 115 79 58 182 118 157 138 86 Part-timers are ... Mothers with pre-school and school-age children 65 75 58 53 51 66 57 51 77 68 69 69 81 65 Women without children or mothers with grown-up children 51 28 44 54 40 48 47 40 49 46 56 69 71 60 Fathers 21 7 17 21 16 16 26 25 15 21 24 25 26 26 People who take care of elderly, ill or disabled family relatives 9 14 5 8 4 8 6 6 14 6 10 15 20 15 Students or pupils 18 3 11 16 6 24 49 12 12 17 9 12 24 25 Disabled persons or workers with poor health 17 11 17 31 12 15 13 12 15 15 22 19 30 18 Young people early in their working lives 20 1 10 11 11 22 46 17 9 16 13 30 31 27 Others 12 7 13 24 14 11 6 18 7 11 15 12 10 16 Don't know 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 No answer 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 2 2 1 0 0 1 0 Total (Multiple responses) 216 148 177 220 156 212 251 184 202 203 220 252 294 253 Change from part-time into full-time He or she usually gets an appr. full-time job quickly 27 21 34 19 31 26 31 34 35 34 22 14 22 18 He or she has to wait for some time 26 25 20 26 14 26 27 29 31 21 29 32 37 19 It would be possible only exceptionally 18 17 19 23 14 18 20 18 12 19 17 16 17 19 There is practically no chance 18 32 15 11 23 17 12 13 9 14 24 30 16 33 Not applicable, has never happened 9 5 11 18 14 10 7 4 8 9 7 5 6 10 No answer 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 5 3 2 4 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Change from full-time into part-time in skilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 23 10 16 17 11 21 31 19 22 25 29 33 49 31 He or she has to wait for some time 18 17 17 12 11 16 18 19 28 18 21 32 23 19 It would be possible only exceptionally 23 23 27 34 23 24 18 22 20 25 18 16 15 24 There is practically no chance 18 32 22 15 34 19 16 25 13 18 14 7 5 13 Not applicable, has never happened 15 15 16 18 20 18 15 14 13 12 17 8 7 11 No answer 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 5 2 2 4 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from full-time into part-time in unskilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 24 9 21 16 14 21 33 24 23 23 33 24 43 28 He or she has to wait for some time 15 9 15 15 10 14 19 12 22 14 18 18 19 11 It would be possible only exceptionally 16 27 20 20 15 17 14 20 13 15 12 8 11 15 There is practically no chance 17 34 19 14 32 18 14 18 9 13 14 12 7 17 Not applicable, has never happened 25 21 23 33 27 27 16 23 27 32 22 34 18 26 No answer 3 0 2 3 2 3 3 3 6 4 2 5 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13404 63 3829 139 828 2130 557 602 476 1324 1123 895 981 457 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1700 7 316 7 80 355 115 79 58 182 118 157 138 86 Motivation of part-time workers More motivated 10 2 11 7 10 10 10 11 9 13 7 5 11 13 Less motivated 9 0 7 6 7 10 13 8 13 8 9 10 7 9 No difference 79 94 80 86 80 77 76 78 77 77 82 84 78 74 Don't know 1 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 0 1 1 2 1 1 No answer 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Promotion prospects of part-time workers Better than those of a full-timer with comparable qual. 1 1 1 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 About the same 61 44 56 49 55 55 69 70 44 63 74 66 69 63 Slightly worse 16 17 19 27 17 19 15 14 33 15 14 12 11 10 Significantly worse 11 30 13 13 13 12 8 9 18 12 6 7 6 11 Don't know 5 0 5 5 6 6 4 4 3 3 4 3 5 6 No answer 6 8 6 5 7 7 2 3 3 6 2 11 9 8 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Part-time makes work organisation Easier 19 4 14 10 12 23 41 22 8 12 11 17 29 29 More complicated 29 33 31 32 27 22 11 33 48 33 41 40 29 20 No difference 49 64 53 56 59 53 48 43 41 53 46 43 42 48 Don't know 1 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 1 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Unusual working hours At night between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. 19 23 20 50 7 11 50 30 7 14 13 7 52 22 On Saturdays 38 24 24 58 22 46 79 55 20 29 37 15 66 56 On Sundays 24 10 13 54 9 18 74 31 8 18 23 12 60 44 None of these 57 67 66 37 76 50 18 38 78 69 61 83 34 39 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 139 123 123 198 115 126 220 154 114 130 134 117 211 161






Base (unweighted) 6285 52 2354 134 206 591 469 489 76 404 441 153 740 176 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 506 3 114 7 13 62 77 47 6 39 24 12 79 24 Proportion work at night Less than 20% 50 47 53 42 66 57 46 39 76 47 54 80 46 44 20% to less than 40% 21 19 24 32 8 20 9 27 2 21 22 9 28 23 40% to less than 60% 12 21 12 19 8 11 14 17 6 15 11 2 9 4 60% to less than 80% 6 3 6 6 6 5 3 7 9 5 2 7 9 10 80% to less than 100% 4 10 2 1 6 2 7 5 5 3 0 4 10 All 6 2 1 2 20 6 7 5 7 2 3 9 No answer 1 1 1 5 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 8667 47 2222 148 474 1622 640 620 145 624 712 225 822 366 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1025 4 141 8 43 269 123 86 16 79 69 26 101 61 Proportion work on Saturdays Less than 20% 34 37 51 50 55 27 9 32 44 47 55 61 19 27 20% to less than 40% 18 33 22 25 18 17 10 20 13 19 21 8 18 20 40% to less than 60% 13 9 11 18 11 14 17 11 12 11 9 11 13 16 60% to less than 80% 8 12 5 4 6 10 8 8 5 5 3 4 13 6 80% to less than 100% 9 9 4 0 3 11 18 8 7 5 3 2 15 11 All 18 0 6 2 4 20 37 20 18 10 9 13 22 19 No answer 1 1 1 4 1 0 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 6133 26 1506 140 246 780 594 450 80 485 578 176 782 290 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 630 1 73 7 17 107 115 49 7 51 43 20 92 48 Proportion work on Sundays Less than 20% 36 34 56 52 63 39 9 41 47 52 61 66 20 26 20% to less than 40% 18 23 20 26 13 18 12 26 19 17 20 9 17 23 40% to less than 60% 13 13 11 17 4 17 19 10 14 9 7 8 12 14 60% to less than 80% 7 8 5 4 2 8 8 7 8 5 2 3 13 6 80% to less than 100% 9 22 4 1 4 7 16 7 6 6 2 3 16 11 All 15 3 0 6 10 34 9 5 7 7 7 21 20 No answer 2 2 1 8 2 1 1 2 3 1 3 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Employees with changing working hours Yes 23 33 22 42 7 21 45 41 10 16 18 15 43 29 No 76 67 78 58 92 78 54 58 90 84 82 84 56 70 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 6309 51 2245 107 197 871 400 517 89 400 440 189 568 235 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 623 5 129 5 14 125 70 65 8 44 33 25 67 32 Proportion with changing working hours Less than 20% 25 28 28 39 31 24 8 22 32 33 53 48 12 31 20% to less than 40% 19 23 24 35 17 19 14 23 9 20 20 16 9 17 40% to less than 60% 15 26 20 11 16 19 19 10 19 11 5 13 12 12 60% to less than 80% 13 6 15 5 13 11 13 12 13 12 5 4 24 12 80% to less than 100% 12 7 9 8 5 11 16 16 7 9 7 7 20 15 All 15 10 3 0 15 16 28 16 19 15 10 12 22 12 No answer 1 0 1 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Notification period Less than 1 day 7 10 6 1 15 5 5 17 6 18 10 2 2 4 1 to 3 days 10 8 11 5 17 8 8 19 8 17 10 5 3 7 4 days to less than 2 weeks 24 27 26 6 32 23 42 20 15 22 19 20 14 27 2 weeks to less than 1 month 17 10 11 11 12 20 21 15 29 6 17 9 34 19 1 month or more 35 39 41 78 20 37 18 25 39 27 37 58 44 37 Don't know 3 5 3 1 3 2 1 2 3 5 3 3 5 No answer 3 2 3 0 2 4 3 3 0 6 3 3 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from shift to normal working hours He/she gets an appr. job during usual work. hours quickly 10 5 12 6 19 14 12 6 2 18 7 6 3 4 He/she has to wait for some time 15 15 17 21 13 14 13 16 13 13 15 23 13 15 It would be possible only exceptionally 26 20 32 28 24 25 25 22 41 15 32 30 27 19 There is practically no chance 35 42 29 36 23 32 39 45 30 29 26 32 48 47 Not applicable, has never happened 11 18 9 7 20 13 8 10 12 22 16 5 7 11 No answer 2 0 1 3 1 3 3 1 1 2 3 5 3 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Flexible working time arrangements Yes 48 40 45 52 36 43 50 42 56 65 55 42 53 61 No 51 60 54 48 64 55 50 57 43 34 44 57 46 38 No answer 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 10220 46 3000 119 671 1576 342 488 375 1203 1015 479 531 375 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1286 6 260 7 68 254 78 66 45 181 102 71 81 67 Proportion flexible working hours Less than 20% 22 16 28 27 34 22 15 24 16 13 19 31 20 20 20% to less than 40% 12 10 14 10 11 13 13 15 5 9 9 12 11 8 40% to less than 60% 8 7 9 17 10 8 12 6 5 6 11 8 7 7 60% to less than 80% 5 13 5 13 3 6 7 5 5 8 4 3 3 3 80% to less than 100% 8 4 6 5 5 8 4 6 11 10 10 6 10 11 All 41 48 36 26 31 38 40 39 49 50 44 35 44 46 No answer 5 2 4 2 6 5 8 6 9 4 3 5 5 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Rationale for introduction of flexible working hours To reduce paid overtime hours 14 35 16 26 17 17 16 13 8 10 11 10 13 12 To make working hours more adaptable to variations in workloads 47 55 43 51 43 50 59 53 55 45 41 39 52 47 To enable employees to better combine work and family or personal life 68 45 72 68 68 66 61 64 69 68 72 66 67 71 To cope with commuting problems 22 17 23 15 19 23 16 14 21 26 22 26 20 24 Other reasons 9 5 7 16 9 9 10 9 7 10 11 16 8 11 Don't know 3 0 2 1 3 3 3 6 1 3 2 3 5 6 No answer 2 4 2 0 3 4 1 1 4 2 2 3 3 1 Total (Multiple responses) 166 160 165 178 163 172 167 160 165 165 162 165 169 172






Base (unweighted) 10220 46 3000 119 671 1576 342 488 375 1203 1015 479 531 375 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1286 6 260 7 68 254 78 66 45 181 102 71 81 67 Effects of flexible working hours A reduction of paid overtime hours 22 27 23 34 22 25 22 26 20 15 18 17 27 21 A better adaptation of working hours to the workloads 54 68 52 64 52 56 59 58 53 51 54 50 55 53 Lower absenteeism 27 23 28 36 30 25 33 22 28 25 24 26 30 37 Higher degree of job satisfaction 61 54 62 70 57 61 59 59 62 61 62 64 64 65 Other positive effects 20 24 17 29 18 22 25 17 21 20 14 30 20 28 Problems of internal and external communication due to varied working times 10 0 7 10 12 9 8 8 15 12 11 13 15 14 Increased costs 5 1 6 0 8 5 8 8 3 3 4 3 6 9 Other negative effects 4 0 3 19 4 3 5 6 6 3 4 3 5 3 Don't know 5 0 4 2 5 7 4 4 5 6 6 4 5 8 No answer 5 6 4 0 6 4 6 5 7 6 3 5 8 3 Total (Multiple responses) 214 203 206 265 214 216 228 212 221 201 201 216 235 241 Accumulation of hours Yes 67 77 69 71 63 66 60 58 64 66 72 59 78 75 No 30 20 28 28 33 31 38 36 31 31 26 37 19 23 No answer 3 3 3 2 4 3 2 6 6 3 2 3 3 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 7143 34 2134 87 425 1021 203 314 268 816 795 327 420 299 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 861 5 179 5 43 167 47 38 29 120 73 42 63 51 Accumulated hours for full days off Yes 79 83 78 77 84 75 82 80 79 76 78 78 87 82 No 20 17 21 23 16 25 14 20 20 23 22 21 12 17 No answer 1 1 1 0 4 0 1 0 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5588 28 1650 71 352 762 163 240 214 629 601 263 367 248 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 679 4 140 4 36 125 38 31 23 92 57 33 55 41 Accumulated hours for longer periods of leave Yes 51 49 52 45 59 49 63 49 43 54 44 31 57 49 No 47 51 46 51 39 48 33 50 56 44 54 67 41 50 No answer 2 1 4 2 3 4 1 0 2 2 2 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Proportion working overtime Nobody 24 28 23 10 26 28 36 15 28 21 28 24 16 25 Less than 20% 26 16 28 34 23 26 24 25 27 23 33 25 24 20 20% to less than 40% 14 13 14 28 11 13 12 15 14 14 12 14 16 15 40% to less than 60% 10 5 10 10 11 9 7 10 9 11 10 10 9 10 60% to less than 80% 6 12 6 4 6 5 4 7 5 7 4 5 7 8 80% to less than 100% 6 6 6 4 8 5 4 9 5 8 4 6 9 6 All 11 20 10 7 13 11 11 15 9 12 6 12 16 12 Impossible to say, overtime hours are def. by end of year 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 Don't know 2 0 2 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 No answer 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 16493 99 5269 204 1374 2645 531 926 479 1535 1301 743 904 482 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2014 11 446 12 140 421 99 133 57 218 135 129 129 83 Forms of overtime work Only exceptionally 64 56 68 71 66 65 68 54 69 58 66 56 64 68 Regularly 20 15 17 13 19 20 16 29 18 23 15 32 18 17 Both forms 14 29 14 13 14 14 14 16 12 16 17 11 14 13 Don't know 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5717 43 1795 61 473 842 159 415 152 567 454 297 302 157 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 691 5 138 3 46 143 30 60 17 87 44 55 41 25 Proportion regular overtime work Practically all 19 26 18 10 25 18 18 31 12 16 14 24 10 12 Most 20 11 19 22 19 16 16 28 23 25 14 17 12 35 Some 26 26 28 28 21 28 19 19 41 32 31 20 14 28 Very few only 28 33 29 38 24 30 37 17 21 20 35 32 46 14 Don't know 3 3 3 0 5 3 4 3 1 3 3 1 3 8 No answer 5 1 4 1 6 6 5 2 3 5 4 6 15 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 16493 99 5269 204 1374 2645 531 926 479 1535 1301 743 904 482 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2014 11 446 12 140 421 99 133 57 218 135 129 129 83 Choice of overtime workers Selected 23 37 24 35 24 21 21 20 20 20 28 27 15 25 Volunteers 44 36 42 34 43 45 46 42 50 47 40 37 56 42 Both 29 27 31 25 31 29 29 32 23 25 28 26 23 28 Don't know 2 0 2 1 1 2 2 1 3 3 2 3 3 2 No answer 3 0 2 4 1 3 2 4 5 4 3 7 3 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 8781 67 2856 134 736 1371 298 495 240 765 773 387 406 252 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1030 7 245 7 77 214 51 69 24 99 76 68 48 43 Refusal of overtime work possible Yes 71 71 79 59 74 70 68 65 69 66 63 72 65 70 No 24 19 17 36 22 25 30 31 27 27 30 22 33 27 Don't know 3 9 3 4 2 3 1 3 2 4 4 2 1 3 No answer 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 3 3 5 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 16493 99 5269 204 1374 2645 531 926 479 1535 1301 743 904 482 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2014 11 446 12 140 421 99 133 57 218 135 129 129 83 Payment or time off for overtime work Paid for 34 43 44 26 44 35 34 39 17 24 18 33 25 24 Compensated with time off 23 13 16 17 15 23 27 17 24 29 33 27 34 37 Both - payment or compensation with time off 39 36 38 56 39 38 35 41 50 38 46 30 40 36 Neither - nor 4 7 2 0 1 3 2 3 8 8 3 9 1 2 No answer 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 7425 44 2440 129 569 1099 204 398 244 634 688 299 461 215 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 781 4 171 7 55 161 35 55 29 83 62 39 52 30 If both is possible: most common compensation By payment 30 72 36 20 29 31 26 41 21 26 25 29 20 36 By time off 28 11 25 37 27 24 27 21 39 30 28 42 39 32 Both alternatives are of approximately the same importance 41 16 39 43 43 44 46 38 36 44 46 27 40 31 No answer 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 4 1 1 2 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Employees in parental leave Yes 51 24 46 51 33 53 46 46 70 55 55 64 69 49 No 48 76 53 49 66 46 53 54 28 44 44 35 30 50 Don't know 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13697 59 4177 163 829 2281 452 675 500 1303 1220 741 897 400 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1377 4 270 7 64 310 71 72 55 153 103 109 106 54 Men in parental leave Yes 30 28 32 31 60 29 22 45 23 33 31 19 22 23 No 69 72 68 68 40 71 77 55 77 66 68 80 78 77 No answer 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Behaviour after parental leave Resume work to same extent 44 54 46 51 41 42 39 45 35 39 59 47 39 44 Ask for reduced working hours 34 20 28 32 22 34 31 23 53 35 32 44 45 37 Do not return at all 10 12 11 11 8 13 18 10 7 10 2 6 8 5 Don't know 8 7 10 2 15 7 9 14 3 11 4 2 4 10 No answer 5 7 6 4 15 4 2 9 1 5 2 1 4 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13697 59 4177 163 829 2281 452 675 500 1303 1220 741 897 400 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1377 4 270 7 64 310 71 72 55 153 103 109 106 54 Coping with absence due to parental leave By hiring new staff with fixed-term contracts 51 48 46 74 28 45 55 47 40 45 56 82 66 63 By employing temporary agency workers 13 11 19 18 22 12 4 17 10 12 9 8 13 11 By distributing work among the remaining employees 51 51 55 41 64 53 47 50 61 53 56 23 44 46 By giving work to subcontractors 4 2 5 4 10 3 1 6 3 5 2 0 1 1 By hiring new permanent staff 13 20 12 1 8 16 20 10 19 18 5 8 14 8 Other methods 5 1 4 5 6 4 4 6 8 8 5 5 5 8 Don't know 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 No answer 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 138 133 143 143 142 135 132 138 142 142 135 126 144 138 Problems with parental leave Yes 11 8 10 7 10 13 8 11 12 12 9 13 12 11 No 88 91 89 92 90 87 91 89 87 87 91 86 88 89 No answer 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1652 4 501 18 108 260 33 78 67 149 167 101 121 45 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 155 0 28 0 6 41 6 8 7 18 10 14 13 6 Major problems related to parental leave Too many employees are absent because of parental leave 24 21 12 19 26 22 20 42 34 13 15 30 16 Difficulties in finding staff to replace absent workers 57 49 54 49 57 56 54 53 57 67 48 55 65 50 Lack of continuity of work 52 49 52 26 49 43 35 62 59 69 54 62 47 42 Uncertainty if or when persons on parental leave will return 44 48 45 35 31 43 55 47 45 55 20 35 49 65 Difficulties in re-integrating the returning staff 22 48 19 16 11 24 24 35 31 26 10 19 23 10 Other problems 21 51 13 21 23 16 19 14 31 16 24 17 21 Don't know 3 4 4 7 6 2 1 0 3 2 0 No answer 1 2 1 4 0 0 1 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 223 246 210 143 199 222 205 238 248 284 163 213 232 203






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Training programmes for returning people Yes 22 15 14 34 15 21 22 20 34 22 25 40 37 28 No 71 78 78 56 77 71 73 73 59 70 69 54 57 66 Don't know 4 7 4 6 4 5 2 4 6 5 4 4 4 4 No answer 3 1 3 4 4 3 2 2 1 3 2 1 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Paid or unpaid long-term leave If employees have to care for elderly, ill or disabled persons in their families 37 28 31 48 31 31 27 36 44 32 53 60 59 42 For further education 36 26 30 50 31 30 28 40 42 36 47 57 58 39 For any other purpose 26 22 22 34 21 21 18 27 32 24 35 47 36 29 No long-term leaves 37 49 42 23 42 43 44 38 27 38 24 18 21 39 No answer 10 8 12 8 12 12 12 11 11 10 7 7 7 7 Total (Multiple responses) 147 132 137 164 136 137 129 151 155 140 165 187 180 157






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Employees younger than 30 years None at all 8 16 7 7 4 7 4 13 11 7 18 11 9 13 Less than 20% 35 46 37 48 35 30 16 35 32 34 49 50 41 35 20% to less than 40% 29 28 32 35 31 29 21 29 36 27 24 28 31 23 40% to less than 60% 16 5 15 9 22 21 20 15 16 20 6 7 14 17 60% to less than 80% 7 1 6 2 6 9 20 5 2 7 2 2 3 7 80% to less than 100% 3 2 2 0 1 3 16 2 1 4 0 1 1 4 All 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 No answer 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Employees 50 years or older None at all 13 9 11 5 11 18 28 10 10 15 6 9 6 14 Less than 20% 48 58 50 35 50 50 50 47 48 51 42 36 43 41 20% to less than 40% 25 21 25 38 26 22 16 24 26 23 31 30 30 22 40% to less than 60% 10 10 9 16 8 7 4 12 12 7 14 17 15 17 60% to less than 80% 3 0 2 3 3 1 0 5 2 2 5 7 3 4 80% to less than 100% 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 3 All 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 No answer 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 19306 115 6060 218 1657 3179 642 1015 574 1696 1611 958 1031 549 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2325 14 517 12 170 479 113 141 72 238 176 155 144 95 Phased retirement offered Yes 37 13 28 39 25 34 41 35 47 38 36 54 59 43 No 53 77 59 50 63 53 47 58 44 52 59 41 31 46 No answer 11 10 13 10 12 13 12 7 10 11 5 5 10 11 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 7157 19 1986 80 502 1071 222 315 259 656 662 530 619 236 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 854 2 147 5 43 164 46 50 33 90 64 84 85 41 Proportion of phased retirement Almost all 8 35 5 7 3 8 8 5 10 9 4 13 12 5 Most 3 1 2 12 2 3 2 1 3 4 3 7 4 5 Some 25 14 22 26 19 22 29 30 39 22 29 28 24 27 Practically nobody 60 50 67 56 73 63 56 59 45 59 59 50 54 58 Don't know 2 2 2 3 4 1 2 4 1 1 5 2 No answer 2 2 1 2 1 4 2 2 3 1 0 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Encouraging phased retirement Encourage 16 25 16 22 17 17 17 17 21 17 12 17 16 16 Try to prevent them 6 3 6 10 5 7 7 6 4 4 6 7 3 7 Neither - nor 74 72 76 69 74 73 66 75 68 73 78 73 75 74 No answer 4 2 3 3 10 1 7 6 3 3 6 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Possibility of early retirement Yes 48 35 43 58 44 44 39 52 63 43 55 72 61 46 No 38 60 42 33 42 37 42 37 28 40 40 20 29 39 No answer 14 6 16 8 13 18 18 11 9 18 5 8 10 14 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 11197 54 3470 148 880 1680 356 605 370 893 1059 706 653 323 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1288 5 248 8 85 260 61 82 50 119 104 123 94 51 Basis of early retirement Legal regulations 47 62 47 52 44 42 40 48 25 41 68 62 36 52 Collective agreement 27 19 25 20 29 29 31 26 45 29 17 22 37 24 Both 11 18 11 21 11 12 11 15 21 9 11 7 10 7 Neither - nor 9 12 3 10 11 12 5 4 13 3 3 9 14 Don't know 5 1 4 5 5 5 6 4 5 7 2 5 8 4 No answer 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Proportion with early retirement Almost all 8 11 9 18 8 6 1 9 15 7 9 11 9 3 Most 3 20 4 9 2 2 1 4 8 2 5 5 1 4 Some 21 26 22 41 15 17 14 23 28 21 26 28 19 26 Practically nobody 40 33 39 20 47 42 50 37 29 39 36 35 44 44 No experience yet 26 11 25 12 26 31 32 26 16 30 23 20 24 22 Don't know 1 1 0 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 1 1 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Encouraging early retirement Encourage 16 40 17 31 15 15 13 18 24 15 13 18 16 15 Try to prevent them 8 10 9 0 11 7 11 7 7 6 7 6 4 8 Neither - nor 71 50 70 67 68 72 70 69 61 69 77 73 76 72 No answer 5 5 2 6 6 7 6 8 10 3 2 4 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2038 19 692 50 142 281 49 131 99 134 160 119 104 58 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 208 2 42 2 12 39 8 15 12 17 13 22 15 8 Encouraging early retirement In order to cope with problems of decreasing productivity or poor health 42 29 44 13 44 49 36 35 21 35 50 48 44 35 In order to reduce the average age of the workforce 22 37 27 22 15 18 7 31 34 23 23 20 10 23 In order to reduce staff 27 36 32 61 21 39 13 24 47 13 26 11 18 29 Other reasons 38 55 29 28 43 34 42 34 39 51 30 52 37 42 Don't know 2 0 2 2 5 4 1 0 2 2 1 8 No answer 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 Total (Multiple responses) 132 158 137 124 124 147 102 126 140 125 131 131 112 136






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Support in domestic commitments Company kindergarten or crèche 3 0 1 1 1 2 3 1 4 2 5 6 8 4 Other forms of professional help for childcare, e.g. a company babysitting service 2 0 1 2 1 1 2 1 3 2 2 3 6 2 Professional help for household management, e.g. cleansing or shopping services 1 1 0 0 1 1 3 1 0 1 1 0 3 1 Others 3 2 2 5 1 3 4 3 7 3 5 3 7 3 None 92 97 95 92 97 93 90 93 88 92 87 88 81 90 No answer 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 Total (Multiple responses) 101 100 100 100 100 101 103 100 103 101 102 101 105 102 Work-life balance as task of company 0 = It is not at all the task ... 9 10 11 5 13 10 11 13 4 8 8 6 8 5 1 1 0 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 5 6 6 9 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 6 4 7 3 8 12 9 8 8 9 8 9 11 7 6 7 7 4 4 8 4 8 10 7 7 5 10 9 8 7 10 5 9 5 26 24 26 30 27 26 22 26 26 23 28 26 27 27 6 9 10 8 4 8 7 11 7 8 12 11 9 7 11 7 10 6 11 12 10 10 11 9 13 12 8 11 13 11 8 11 18 9 7 10 11 11 13 11 13 12 12 13 13 9 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 10 = The company should definetely ... 8 7 6 7 8 8 10 5 7 9 8 8 9 8 No answer 3 2 3 1 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 5,2 5,1 4,9 5,1 5,0 5,1 5,3 4,8 5,3 5,6 5,3 5,4 5,5 5,5






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Employee representation? Yes 32 32 30 70 25 19 14 31 48 26 57 71 45 36 No 67 68 69 30 74 80 85 68 52 74 42 29 53 64 No answer 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






This differentiation does not produce meaningful results and is therefore omitted.

TNS Infratest Sozialforschung 2006





Base (unweighted) 10418 70 3345 190 716 1123 254 519 390 783 1163 794 756 314 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 864 5 175 9 47 110 22 49 38 72 107 121 70 39 Employee representation information Information (name and/or telephone number) is given 64 62 63 85 57 62 55 65 67 65 66 62 70 68 Don't know, but OK to interview employee representative 17 13 17 9 20 19 18 10 14 15 22 17 14 14 Refused 17 25 20 7 22 17 25 25 18 18 11 17 10 15 Not asked (No answer in MM604/MM604b/MM604c/MM605/MM613) 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 4 6 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Further contact Yes, agrees 91 97 91 91 93 92 92 91 89 92 91 89 91 92 No, does not agree 7 2 8 5 6 7 7 7 10 7 8 9 6 7 No answer 1 0 1 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 15 582 13 191 584 156 157 79 278 187 169 153 110 Employee representative interview? Yes 14 14 13 39 8 8 4 12 26 11 32 31 21 16 ER exists, but no interview 18 18 17 31 17 11 10 19 22 15 26 40 25 20 No ER 67 68 69 30 74 80 85 68 52 74 42 29 53 64 No answer 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100


10






Base (unweighted) 3753 17 1262 84 226 405 74 198 117 268 457 265 262 118 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 182 0 32 3 8 29 4 13 7 17 20 25 17 7 ER represents ... Whole workforce 51 74 50 64 62 60 70 60 65 53 50 28 50 33 Part only 49 26 49 36 38 39 30 40 35 45 49 72 47 67 No answer 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 3 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2057 6 692 42 118 202 29 99 36 148 284 187 147 67 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 88 0 16 1 3 11 1 5 2 7 10 18 8 5 Proportion represented Less than 20% 11 10 30 17 12 5 12 8 15 19 5 5 18 20% to less than 40% 23 35 17 9 19 23 31 35 35 27 25 14 37 20 40% to less than 60% 25 27 26 48 26 20 10 5 10 21 18 37 24 41 60% to less than 80% 22 2 24 10 18 29 46 36 12 18 18 20 17 9 80% or more 19 35 22 2 19 15 3 13 34 17 19 23 16 11 No answer 1 1 0 4 2 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 2 78 5 15 49 7 19 21 31 59 52 32 17 Part-time workers in establishment Yes 67 76 53 72 29 63 50 58 84 68 65 82 91 72 No 33 24 46 28 71 37 50 42 16 32 35 18 9 28 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 3262 16 980 59 93 328 61 140 171 242 454 282 341 95 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 258 2 42 4 4 31 3 11 18 21 39 43 29 13 Reasons for introducing part-time work Mainly the needs of the establishment 25 67 21 19 26 30 31 39 3 17 22 30 30 24 Mainly the wishes of the employees 48 9 54 44 43 41 39 46 64 58 50 47 34 39 Both of equal importance 22 19 17 34 17 22 27 12 29 22 20 21 27 32 Mainly because of other reasons 4 5 8 2 11 5 3 3 3 2 4 2 7 2 Don't know 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 1 1 3 0 2 3 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from part-time into full-time He or she usually gets an appr. full-time job quickly 23 10 28 21 34 22 33 16 49 36 25 15 11 8 He or she has to wait for some time 32 6 26 28 17 42 36 28 28 29 28 37 36 38 It would be possible only exceptionally 18 73 15 21 18 14 12 29 14 19 17 17 20 25 There is practically no chance 18 15 25 24 11 16 15 4 7 19 25 29 20 Not applicable, has never happened 8 12 13 6 6 8 3 8 4 8 9 5 4 9 No answer 1 2 1 3 3 0 1 1 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 2 78 5 15 49 7 19 21 31 59 52 32 17 Change from full-time into part-time in skilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 24 1 16 24 15 24 19 26 27 25 28 26 42 18 He or she has to wait for some time 28 42 20 30 21 24 26 23 29 27 23 44 34 35 It would be possible only exceptionally 23 45 28 16 19 22 7 31 29 26 22 19 15 24 There is practically no chance 14 7 21 14 23 17 25 10 9 13 13 6 4 13 Not applicable, has never happened 10 5 14 16 20 12 24 9 6 8 13 5 3 7 No answer 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from full-time into part-time in unskilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 26 10 22 23 20 29 43 21 34 25 32 12 38 34 He or she has to wait for some time 23 33 19 25 17 21 18 29 26 26 22 28 28 29 It would be possible only exceptionally 15 20 17 14 18 16 7 26 16 19 14 8 10 13 There is practically no chance 14 30 22 16 14 16 6 6 8 13 14 10 8 10 Not applicable, has never happened 20 8 18 22 29 15 26 17 15 16 17 38 13 9 No answer 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 5 3 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 2 78 5 15 49 7 19 21 31 59 52 32 17 Climate for changes from full-time to part-time Encouraging 43 16 31 35 33 45 49 43 47 44 43 49 61 36 Discouraging 29 40 40 29 29 31 9 29 37 30 29 18 14 29 Neither - nor (only asked in CZ, CY, LV, HU, PL, SI) 3 4 3 18 1 2 17 3 0 3 4 6 1 2 No answer 25 40 26 18 37 22 25 25 16 23 24 27 25 33 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Consultation of employee representation for changes Normally 33 64 35 42 23 30 31 36 42 24 31 37 29 34 Sometimes 23 7 17 17 9 25 10 21 28 30 26 20 32 27 Never 21 23 19 20 24 20 23 13 18 18 24 26 25 15 Not applicable, has never happened so far 22 6 28 21 42 24 34 28 11 26 19 17 12 23 Don't know 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 No answer 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 3262 16 980 59 93 328 61 140 171 242 454 282 341 95 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 258 2 42 4 4 31 3 11 18 21 39 43 29 13 Motivation of part-time workers More motivated 14 20 12 21 13 12 11 14 10 14 14 13 25 Less motivated 10 33 9 7 4 7 17 17 8 7 10 15 5 6 No difference 75 47 74 69 79 78 79 71 77 81 74 70 81 68 Don't know 2 4 2 3 2 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 No answer 0 0 2 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Promotion prospects of part-time workers Better than those of a full-timer with comparable qual. 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 About the same 49 26 43 60 49 49 52 59 35 49 46 54 60 53 Slightly worse 25 11 29 18 18 24 34 11 29 31 30 19 24 21 Significantly worse 15 63 19 7 29 22 10 17 26 12 17 8 7 10 Don't know 7 0 7 6 2 3 1 7 9 6 6 13 4 10 No answer 3 2 10 1 2 5 1 1 1 5 3 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Part-time makes work organization Easier 14 33 11 19 8 26 3 10 13 6 8 14 24 14 More complicated 40 6 38 30 41 19 29 37 34 44 51 56 30 47 No difference 44 61 49 50 51 53 67 50 51 47 38 29 45 39 Don't know 1 1 1 0 2 3 1 2 3 0 0 No answer 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 2 78 5 15 49 7 19 21 31 59 52 32 17 Unusual working hours At night between 10 p.m. and 6.a.m. 23 30 36 60 19 13 57 34 7 20 14 6 56 16 On Saturdays 37 35 33 60 24 49 81 49 15 33 39 12 64 48 On Sundays 25 26 21 55 11 20 73 30 6 26 23 9 62 43 None of these 57 62 53 35 72 46 14 39 83 61 60 86 32 50 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 143 152 143 210 125 128 225 152 112 140 135 113 214 157






Base (unweighted) 2785 21 1050 76 76 311 85 172 46 157 303 85 309 94 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 166 1 37 3 4 27 6 12 4 12 24 7 21 9 Negotiations about problems with unusual hours Yes 25 21 22 13 11 20 17 37 12 36 27 16 32 31 No 74 79 77 87 83 80 83 62 87 60 72 79 68 69 No answer 1 2 5 0 1 0 4 0 5 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100




Base: Respondents with problems related to work at night or in the weekend (ER251)


Base (unweighted) 928 8 346 21 18 83 29 75 8 58 117 22 109 34 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 41 0 8 0 0 5 1 4 0 4 6 1 7 3 IImportance of issue unusual hours Major 56 75 62 73 40 83 83 67 96 46 49 31 47 21 Minor 41 25 34 25 55 15 16 23 4 54 49 69 52 72 No answer 3 4 2 5 1 1 10 0 2 1 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 928 8 346 21 18 83 29 75 8 58 117 22 109 34 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 41 0 8 0 0 5 1 4 0 4 6 1 7 3 Most problematic unusual hours Work at night between 10 p.m. and 6.a.m. 34 26 29 52 37 15 59 51 81 28 33 26 53 3 Work on Saturdays 12 23 21 20 28 17 1 14 5 5 16 12 7 2 Work on Sundays 39 35 32 9 11 58 25 22 14 61 39 31 23 79 No answer 14 17 18 18 25 9 16 13 7 12 31 17 17 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 928 8 346 21 18 83 29 75 8 58 117 22 109 34 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 41 0 8 0 0 5 1 4 0 4 6 1 7 3 Issues to negotiate Necessity to work at these hours 39 46 44 14 29 42 29 36 12 28 24 68 42 60 Selection of employees 36 13 43 3 37 25 38 54 66 24 31 13 32 54 Organization of work at these hours 51 59 48 24 31 53 48 53 66 47 58 39 48 61 Compensation for work at these hours 63 62 63 65 59 67 57 59 71 65 64 68 61 67 Other issues 25 21 36 24 33 16 21 36 18 21 19 17 28 11 No answer 3 3 7 3 1 1 0 1 7 3 7 Total (Multiple responses) 216 203 238 136 190 205 194 239 234 185 198 212 215 260






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 2 78 5 15 49 7 19 21 31 59 52 32 17 Employees with changing working hours Yes 31 56 39 56 14 31 50 51 8 20 22 27 50 29 No 69 43 61 43 86 69 46 49 92 80 77 72 50 71 No answer 0 1 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2200 20 893 60 50 206 69 145 31 110 200 104 243 69 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 120 1 31 3 2 15 3 10 2 6 13 14 16 5 Change from shift to normal working hours He/she usually gets usual working hours quickly 9 3 10 7 36 15 3 4 44 8 8 12 3 3 He or she has to wait for some time 22 3 23 24 13 22 17 31 14 29 24 14 17 30 It would be possible only exceptionally 35 39 32 38 42 35 37 30 23 37 37 40 41 30 There is practically no chance 26 54 27 27 5 22 31 27 9 13 23 25 39 30 Not applicable, has never happened 7 1 7 3 3 6 13 8 10 13 6 8 1 7 No answer 1 1 1 1 0 2 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 2 78 5 15 49 7 19 21 31 59 52 32 17 Flexible working time arrangements Yes 53 46 48 60 37 49 56 46 62 65 74 35 51 69 No 45 54 51 40 56 50 43 54 37 32 24 63 49 31 No answer 2 1 0 7 1 1 0 1 3 2 2 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2794 12 910 64 116 243 40 125 146 239 459 155 185 100 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 206 1 37 3 6 24 4 9 13 20 44 18 16 12 Rationale for introduction of flexible working hours To reduce paid overtime hours 20 23 27 22 12 16 13 22 29 20 14 14 28 24 To make working hours more adaptable to variations in workloads 54 25 59 57 49 66 35 71 57 48 41 46 63 59 To enable employees to better combine work and family or personal life 71 39 70 76 68 64 76 77 74 67 80 58 73 71 To cope with commuting problems 28 20 31 25 23 29 36 26 25 31 23 29 26 31 Other reasons 16 11 17 17 12 12 49 13 25 12 14 20 12 21 Don't know 3 51 2 1 2 3 1 3 5 4 1 1 7 No answer 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 192 169 207 196 168 189 211 209 213 184 175 169 204 213






Base (unweighted) 2794 12 910 64 116 243 40 125 146 239 459 155 185 100 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 206 1 37 3 6 24 4 9 13 20 44 18 16 12 Effects of flexible working hours A reduction of paid overtime hours 31 71 39 41 27 23 19 31 43 31 25 23 35 31 A better adaptation of working hours to the workloads 63 17 68 58 50 63 53 78 66 66 57 52 67 69 Lower absenteeism 30 18 31 28 27 26 26 19 29 32 31 25 32 44 Higher degree of job satisfaction 68 36 71 74 53 54 66 63 61 72 76 70 70 68 Other positive effects 29 30 30 43 20 22 33 18 24 29 31 34 30 35 Problems of internal and external communication due to varied working times 19 19 17 6 12 19 19 14 15 18 24 28 48 Increased costs 7 8 2 2 7 23 13 14 3 3 2 12 4 Other negative effects 8 3 7 12 5 5 9 18 10 12 5 6 14 14 Don't know 3 2 1 2 3 2 3 0 7 4 1 7 4 4 No answer 2 2 7 2 0 3 3 0 2 4 3 0 Total (Multiple responses) 259 178 276 277 200 215 250 262 270 264 250 246 294 316






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 2 78 5 15 49 7 19 21 31 59 52 32 17 Employees with overtime work Yes 79 76 79 92 75 77 67 78 86 77 83 75 83 90 No 18 24 21 3 23 22 25 20 14 19 16 20 15 8 Impossible to say, overtime hours are def. by end of year 1 0 0 0 1 8 0 2 0 0 Don't know 1 1 5 1 0 2 3 1 3 2 1 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4335 26 1499 100 230 429 74 207 179 296 552 285 332 126 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 310 2 62 5 11 38 5 15 18 24 49 40 26 16 Forms of overtime work Only exceptionally 55 40 57 47 60 71 60 63 51 47 55 37 59 52 Regularly 23 19 20 21 19 16 21 26 22 31 17 35 22 23 Both forms 22 42 23 31 20 13 8 11 27 21 28 26 19 25 Don't know 0 0 1 1 10 0 0 0 0 1 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1927 14 665 44 85 146 22 105 91 138 257 148 157 55 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 138 1 26 2 4 11 1 6 9 12 22 25 11 8 Proportion of regular overtime work Practically all 14 6 10 18 30 5 24 25 6 11 10 22 19 9 Most 23 56 18 19 27 12 19 26 27 33 21 29 21 25 Some 35 18 45 27 27 43 39 35 41 30 33 24 37 37 Very few only 24 21 24 30 14 36 18 13 21 23 33 20 20 14 Don't know 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 5 0 1 No answer 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 0 3 13 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4335 26 1499 100 230 429 74 207 179 296 552 285 332 126 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 310 2 62 5 11 38 5 15 18 24 49 40 26 16 Consultation of employee representation Informed/consulted before overtime hours have to be done 40 77 54 53 34 34 49 36 46 33 35 44 20 49 Informed afterwards only 13 5 12 9 14 17 16 22 10 20 10 5 20 13 Not informed/consulted at all 45 18 33 36 51 47 35 41 40 45 54 48 59 36 No answer 2 1 2 1 2 0 1 4 2 1 3 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1640 15 709 36 77 149 35 72 69 88 170 101 71 48 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 125 1 33 3 4 13 2 5 8 8 17 17 5 8 Negotiations to avoid/reduce overtime work Yes 56 45 58 42 49 55 42 75 68 45 53 57 56 52 No 42 55 41 45 48 43 58 18 32 54 44 40 40 46 Don't know 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 No answer 2 0 1 13 1 1 0 7 1 2 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Negotiations about organisation of overtime work Yes 59 33 60 37 42 68 49 57 77 58 54 58 33 69 No 41 67 40 63 55 31 51 42 23 42 45 40 67 31 No answer 1 0 2 1 1 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4335 26 1499 100 230 429 74 207 179 296 552 285 332 126 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 310 2 62 5 11 38 5 15 18 24 49 40 26 16 Choice of overtime workers Selected 21 13 20 21 27 14 15 26 17 20 29 21 14 28 Volunteers 48 40 47 37 34 63 58 43 42 54 41 44 57 41 Both 26 47 31 41 38 18 21 27 37 18 26 25 24 23 Don't know 2 1 0 0 0 5 2 2 3 2 5 2 7 No answer 3 2 0 1 4 1 2 3 5 2 5 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2146 13 739 70 119 194 39 119 98 140 286 138 126 65 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 147 1 31 3 7 12 2 8 10 9 27 19 10 8 Refusal of overtime work possible Yes 73 37 84 66 89 78 46 66 68 66 69 71 66 77 No 23 63 13 31 11 14 48 25 27 31 28 24 31 21 Don't know 3 1 3 1 7 6 9 4 1 2 1 3 2 No answer 1 1 0 2 0 0 2 1 4 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4335 26 1499 100 230 429 74 207 179 296 552 285 332 126 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 310 2 62 5 11 38 5 15 18 24 49 40 26 16 Payment or time off for overtime work Paid for 19 29 26 9 33 20 34 18 13 19 13 22 4 17 Compensated by time off 25 38 15 5 10 15 18 20 34 33 24 30 44 36 Both - extra-payment or compensation by time off 52 30 57 84 56 61 42 56 53 42 61 31 50 48 Neither - nor 4 3 1 2 1 2 5 6 0 5 2 17 1 0 No answer 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2429 13 893 73 127 231 33 120 103 154 318 117 188 59 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 162 0 35 4 6 23 2 9 9 10 30 13 13 8 If both is possible: most common compensation By payment 28 24 30 27 28 33 19 29 24 22 27 28 26 16 By time off 36 8 32 29 27 35 11 29 36 27 37 52 44 62 Both alternatives are of approximately the same importance 34 68 36 38 44 31 70 38 38 48 34 17 26 21 No answer 2 2 6 1 1 5 2 2 2 3 4 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 2 78 5 15 49 7 19 21 31 59 52 32 17 Importance of overtime work issue Major issue 18 22 21 20 13 16 22 35 16 16 15 17 20 11 Minor issue 45 72 43 48 47 39 36 43 52 47 55 37 43 58 Not a topic at all 35 6 34 32 38 43 42 21 31 36 30 43 35 31 No answer 2 2 1 3 2 1 0 1 1 1 3 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Position of employee representation to overtime work Aims to reduce overtime in general 28 48 24 20 27 23 17 33 42 21 32 31 32 32 Accepts overtime hours to respond to workload peaks 50 23 56 73 51 54 41 39 47 54 53 40 50 48 Welcomes overt. hours as a means to earn some extra money 12 6 13 5 15 11 31 22 8 12 9 13 5 13 No answer 9 24 7 2 7 12 11 6 3 13 6 16 13 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 2 78 5 15 49 7 19 21 31 59 52 32 17 Employees aged 50 years or older Yes 93 98 93 99 93 87 79 91 98 93 95 92 95 96 No 7 2 7 1 7 12 21 9 2 7 5 7 5 4 No answer 0 0 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4980 28 1695 107 259 505 87 225 197 350 658 344 379 146 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 360 2 73 5 14 43 5 18 21 29 56 48 30 17 Phased retirement offered Yes 37 14 25 47 24 30 25 38 40 35 34 63 54 37 No 55 85 70 51 63 61 61 59 54 55 59 29 40 55 No answer 7 1 5 3 13 9 14 3 6 10 7 8 6 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1833 6 514 39 72 157 23 82 85 132 274 206 197 46 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 135 0 18 2 3 13 1 7 8 10 19 30 16 6 Employer encourages/tries to prevent from phased retirement Encourages 31 46 32 40 26 28 50 44 34 19 35 32 26 21 Tries to prevent them 13 21 13 17 6 10 16 7 1 4 14 16 8 40 Neither - nor 53 33 52 43 66 55 34 48 64 71 47 47 63 37 No answer 4 3 2 6 1 1 7 5 5 3 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 2 78 5 15 49 7 19 21 31 59 52 32 17 Possibility of early retirement Yes 52 43 45 69 48 46 67 65 68 47 46 60 57 48 No 38 55 45 31 35 39 15 26 26 39 48 26 33 39 No answer 11 2 9 16 14 17 9 5 14 6 14 10 13 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2965 17 966 81 138 278 61 163 128 197 401 222 224 89 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 200 1 35 4 7 23 4 12 14 15 27 31 18 8 Employer encourages/tries to prevent from early retirement Encourages 31 21 40 46 28 29 50 37 39 26 22 24 25 37 Tries to prevent them 13 62 10 13 16 10 11 24 6 5 15 9 24 24 Neither - nor 52 17 45 39 52 57 30 37 55 66 57 63 49 39 No answer 4 5 2 4 3 9 1 0 2 6 4 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 909 7 374 31 34 79 22 51 49 52 83 52 54 21 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 62 0 14 2 2 7 2 5 6 4 6 8 4 3 Encouraging early retirement In order to cope with problems of decreasing productivity or poor health 32 38 36 4 51 20 47 46 26 61 28 24 25 25 In order to reduce the average age of the workforce 32 9 34 18 30 39 37 32 25 22 39 36 37 11 In order to reduce staff 48 48 52 58 16 53 12 37 67 57 49 32 54 68 Other reasons 33 4 26 62 23 28 39 17 36 35 40 44 46 16 Don't know 2 2 2 3 1 3 1 0 13 No answer 1 2 0 2 Total (Multiple responses) 148 100 152 143 123 142 134 133 157 174 157 136 162 133






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 2 78 5 15 49 7 19 21 31 59 52 32 17 Initiatives to improve work-life balance A general reduction in weekly working hours 42 44 44 47 46 41 46 52 38 38 39 40 42 36 Introduce or extend flexi-time or working time accounts 51 32 49 48 40 52 37 49 62 56 59 39 52 53 Introduce or extend long-term leave options 36 11 33 32 30 32 41 48 46 36 33 37 42 40 Reduce overtime or introduce time-off in lieu 41 36 45 42 42 37 57 53 40 49 32 36 50 38 Introduce or extend opportunities to work part-time 39 10 39 44 31 38 45 35 46 41 41 26 47 45 Introduce or extend opportunities for phased retirement 56 34 58 48 47 55 62 66 55 58 47 53 70 63 Introduce or extend opportunities for early retirement 57 66 59 48 57 48 57 73 58 53 48 60 69 56 Better possibilities to change to normal working hours 20 12 26 21 5 22 41 35 10 15 16 8 31 18 Others 7 5 9 8 7 34 10 3 6 5 6 10 8 No actions needed 6 3 7 12 9 9 1 1 3 4 4 7 4 6 No answer 2 2 3 1 1 1 2 0 1 1 5 0 1 Total (Multiple responses) 355 247 368 353 315 343 422 425 360 356 327 317 417 362






Base (unweighted) 3774 19 1342 73 193 376 66 182 159 246 468 230 315 105 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 283 1 58 4 10 34 5 17 17 22 39 36 27 14 Most desirable working time initiative A general reduction in weekly working hours 19 8 22 15 16 22 28 23 14 18 14 23 16 13 Introduce or extend flexi-time or working time accounts 28 7 28 34 25 25 8 29 35 29 35 25 24 36 Introduce or extend long-term leave options 4 0 4 4 4 12 2 5 6 2 5 5 5 Reduce overtime or introduce time-off in lieu 10 2 12 10 5 7 16 18 6 16 7 9 15 3 Introduce or extend opportunities to work part-time 7 3 5 13 10 10 14 4 8 8 9 3 4 6 Introduce or extend opportunities for phased retirement 13 3 12 9 20 14 1 5 14 10 14 18 12 22 Introduce or extend opportunities for early retirement 12 74 12 4 16 13 13 8 17 7 14 10 13 9 Better possibilities to change to normal working hours 4 4 4 4 5 4 10 3 3 3 3 5 Others 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 2 3 0 No answer 1 0 9 1 0 1 2 1 1 0 5 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 2 78 5 15 49 7 19 21 31 59 52 32 17 Work-life balance in the establishment Very easy 11 0 10 19 20 9 6 8 8 13 10 12 9 21 Quite easy 59 41 60 70 42 59 46 53 61 60 66 55 56 59 Quite difficult 23 29 21 9 28 25 23 31 25 22 18 23 27 16 Very difficult 6 28 6 1 8 6 14 8 3 4 3 6 7 3 No answer 2 2 3 1 2 1 12 1 3 0 3 5 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1580 13 554 18 75 174 48 101 44 103 143 111 151 45 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 109 1 21 1 5 15 2 7 6 8 13 15 11 3 Reason for difficulties with work-life balance Nature of work 67 52 59 30 73 63 62 63 64 66 65 79 73 76 Employer's attitude 9 2 12 4 14 11 6 4 6 12 11 6 5 4 Both of equal importance 22 44 25 63 13 24 26 33 27 22 20 11 20 20 No answer 3 2 3 4 0 3 7 0 3 0 4 4 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 2 78 5 15 49 7 19 21 31 59 52 32 17 Work-life balance as task of the company 0 = It is not at all the task ... 2 1 3 2 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 4 1 1 4 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 5 0 0 0 2 8 1 2 2 2 0 3 4 2 6 2 3 1 0 4 6 4 8 3 7 4 5 3 4 2 6 3 9 8 6 8 3 9 4 6 5 25 33 26 39 31 28 11 28 28 21 28 18 26 26 6 11 13 11 14 9 11 8 10 14 14 12 10 10 11 7 17 3 15 13 16 20 6 18 15 15 17 22 20 13 8 18 41 19 13 17 16 21 19 14 20 19 18 19 15 9 3 3 3 1 2 4 2 4 2 2 5 3 4 1 10 = The company should definitely consider ... 11 15 6 14 11 32 9 9 10 7 7 11 15 No answer 1 2 1 0 8 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 6,4 6,4 6,6 5,8 6,4 6,5 7,5 6,4 5,9 6,3 6,3 6,1 6,6 6,3






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 2 78 5 15 49 7 19 21 31 59 52 32 17 Relationship management - employee representation Very co-operative 27 26 20 19 28 26 22 15 22 23 19 52 38 25 Quite co-operative 53 37 58 68 49 58 60 62 51 63 53 38 44 53 Quite strained 15 36 15 8 19 12 16 16 21 11 24 8 13 15 Very strained 4 1 7 5 2 2 2 8 5 2 5 1 4 3 No answer 1 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Employee-related problems High absenteeism and/or sickness rate 21 8 24 12 12 19 10 26 16 12 20 22 30 24 Difficulties in finding staff for skilled jobs 35 62 44 33 46 39 27 39 27 40 23 31 34 30 Difficulties in finding staff for low skilled or unskilled jobs 11 24 14 9 16 13 20 16 9 9 8 9 6 13 Difficulties in retaining staff 15 8 18 6 18 20 21 20 11 17 13 7 18 7 A need to reduce staff levels 24 35 23 22 15 18 7 24 37 23 23 21 30 39 Low motivation of staff 28 38 38 33 23 27 16 33 35 24 31 14 23 30 Other problems 16 10 16 15 11 11 11 16 33 13 18 12 18 14 No problems 27 32 18 30 32 28 41 21 15 25 33 40 27 20 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 177 218 197 160 172 175 152 197 184 164 168 156 187 177






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 2 78 5 15 49 7 19 21 31 59 52 32 17 Proportion of trade union members None 7 8 7 7 8 6 4 4 13 5 6 4 14 Less than 20% 29 4 32 22 25 34 43 37 41 33 22 17 34 29 20% to less than 40% 16 30 16 20 13 11 18 17 21 15 18 22 14 10 40% to less than 60% 12 18 13 13 7 15 12 13 6 7 18 11 8 9 60% to less than 80% 10 37 12 22 8 7 9 10 13 6 12 11 5 6 80% to less than 100% 14 6 11 10 20 12 9 11 8 13 16 21 18 15 All 8 5 6 5 17 7 1 5 5 8 6 11 12 16 Don't know 3 1 3 4 2 3 2 4 2 1 4 2 No answer 0 0 1 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Respondent is trade union member Yes 77 99 78 88 75 74 70 80 75 64 83 83 77 71 No 23 1 22 12 25 26 30 20 25 36 17 17 23 28 No answer 0 0 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100


10




Country



Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Country Belgium 2 1 2 1 3 4 2 4 1 4 3 0 1 3 Denmark 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 Germany 22 40 24 17 21 16 16 16 33 15 21 23 35 33 Greece 1 1 1 0 1 2 2 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 Spain 8 14 9 6 10 8 11 11 4 13 8 1 2 7 France 13 5 12 13 10 13 14 20 8 14 23 3 19 1 Ireland 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 Italy 9 24 11 3 11 7 11 13 18 8 9 6 4 9 Luxembourg 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Netherlands 5 3 4 5 3 1 2 7 8 4 13 9 0 Austria 2 2 2 1 3 3 3 2 2 3 1 0 1 4 Portugal 2 3 3 1 3 4 1 3 0 1 2 0 0 1 Finland 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 Sweden 2 2 2 2 1 1 3 1 4 2 5 4 4 United Kingdom 16 13 9 11 23 29 10 16 16 8 23 16 15 Czech Republic 2 0 4 6 3 2 3 3 1 2 2 1 1 2 Cyprus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Latvia 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 Hungary 2 2 2 10 2 3 2 3 1 2 2 0 0 3 Poland 7 5 8 20 10 6 2 5 3 5 7 17 4 10 Slovenia 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Sector of activity



Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Sector of activity Mining and quarrying (NACE C) 1 100 Manufacturing industries (NACE D) 26 100 Electricity, gas and water supply (NACE E) 1 100 Construction (NACE F) 5 100 Retail, repair (NACE G) 17 100 Hotels and restaurants (NACE H) 4 100 Transport, storage and communication (NACE I) 5 100 Financial intermediation (NACE J) 4 100 Real estate, renting and business activities (NACE K) 9 100 Public administration (NACE L) 10 100 Education (NACE M) 6 100 Health and social work (NACE N) 9 100 Other community, social and personal services (NACE O) 3 100 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Type of establishment Single site 55 43 60 53 74 48 53 53 38 58 54 58 52 57 Multi-site: headquarters 19 38 19 21 13 20 12 20 37 24 19 13 16 22 Multi-site: subsidiaries 23 19 20 18 13 31 35 22 23 17 17 27 27 20 No answer (MM100) 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 7 1 4 0 No answer (MM101) 2 1 8 0 1 1 5 2 1 2 2 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Number of employees 10 - 19 employees 16 16 13 5 25 24 26 18 10 19 9 14 8 25 20 - 49 employees 21 17 18 11 27 25 32 22 14 21 14 28 16 25 50 - 199 employees 27 24 26 39 29 24 27 28 27 30 26 40 23 27 200 - 499 employees 15 5 18 16 10 15 8 14 20 13 18 7 18 14 500 and more employees 21 38 26 30 9 12 7 18 29 17 32 11 34 8 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Female proportion None at all 1 6 2 1 6 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 Less than 20% 25 73 40 41 75 25 8 44 6 24 7 2 1 11 20% to less than 40% 17 12 23 43 11 22 12 20 12 20 15 7 1 16 40% to less than 60% 22 5 20 9 6 22 37 19 46 25 34 21 10 31 60% to less than 80% 18 1 9 4 1 17 27 9 24 16 31 27 35 21 80% to less than 100% 13 0 5 2 1 10 13 4 8 12 10 39 48 17 All 1 2 1 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 4 4 2 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 3 1 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Skilled jobs None at all 5 1 3 1 3 9 12 9 2 5 1 1 2 7 Less than 20% 15 24 17 6 15 22 24 21 5 15 12 3 7 14 20% to less than 40% 13 11 18 7 11 15 18 11 9 9 12 5 6 12 40% to less than 60% 11 12 13 14 14 12 12 10 7 8 12 8 10 12 60% to less than 80% 14 7 14 17 15 10 12 9 14 11 16 20 24 15 80% to less than 100% 24 17 20 36 21 16 12 21 38 27 28 38 41 21 All 16 28 13 17 19 15 9 19 21 24 15 24 10 19 No answer 2 0 2 2 1 2 0 1 3 1 5 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Groups of employees Fixed-term contracts or temporary contracts 73 54 72 78 60 67 64 73 78 71 83 80 84 71 Temporary agency workers 37 47 52 46 36 33 28 36 42 38 23 23 34 23 Freelancers 23 18 26 23 25 14 17 18 25 30 20 23 29 32 None of these 17 22 16 10 25 24 25 19 14 18 12 14 10 18 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 151 142 165 157 146 139 134 145 160 157 139 140 155 144 Employee-related problems High absenteeism and/or sickness rate 23 27 26 11 16 23 19 24 13 17 21 13 35 19 Difficulties in finding staff for skilled jobs 36 38 39 32 44 35 41 31 26 40 31 23 44 30 Difficulties in finding staff for low skilled or unskilled jobs 12 6 12 9 11 14 28 14 7 13 5 9 10 12 Difficulties in retaining staff 10 5 9 9 7 12 16 11 8 15 7 5 9 11 A need to reduce staff levels 22 36 25 29 18 17 15 22 25 14 28 24 27 25 Low motivation of staff 16 23 17 20 15 17 17 19 12 17 17 11 18 16 Other problems 8 11 8 8 7 6 8 9 5 8 9 7 14 8 No problems 33 27 30 33 34 34 32 32 45 35 31 42 24 35 No answer 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 Total (Multiple responses) 160 173 167 152 151 159 175 163 143 160 149 134 182 156






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Working time agreements Yes 70 73 70 87 63 63 62 71 77 62 73 78 81 71 No 29 27 29 12 36 35 37 28 23 37 26 22 18 28 No answer 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Weekly working hours Less than 30 hours 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 10 1 2 30 to less than 35 hours 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 6 2 1 35 hours 14 7 17 13 7 11 6 16 14 14 20 6 18 6 More than 35 to less than 40 hours 42 25 34 38 31 46 29 30 66 38 54 35 61 44 40 hours 37 65 45 46 54 38 51 42 18 43 20 32 17 40 More than 40 hours 4 3 2 1 6 3 9 10 1 3 4 8 1 5 No answer 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 38,3 39,1 38,4 38,4 39,3 38,5 39,3 39,2 37,9 38,4 37,6 37,1 37,4 38,5






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Economic situation Very good 17 21 18 27 16 22 20 16 31 24 9 9 10 15 Quite good 61 64 63 61 68 64 66 66 60 62 45 55 60 61 Quite bad 12 13 13 6 10 8 8 10 6 8 18 19 17 16 Very bad 2 0 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 4 6 4 2 No answer 7 1 4 5 3 5 5 5 3 5 24 11 9 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Size of workforce Increased 37 29 31 22 34 42 31 43 36 45 36 36 41 31 Decreased 27 42 34 42 27 22 19 25 34 23 27 22 21 24 Stayed about the same 36 28 34 34 38 35 49 31 30 30 37 42 37 45 No answer 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Public sector Yes 28 3 4 50 7 7 11 22 17 15 95 87 62 38 No 71 97 96 49 93 93 89 76 82 84 4 12 37 61 No answer 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 3053 22 1169 42 293 713 141 166 65 284 28 20 28 82 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 948 6 417 18 80 200 26 48 18 86 9 6 7 28 Ownership Domestic 78 73 71 54 94 86 86 72 65 85 66 100 91 76 Foreign 18 23 24 31 6 12 7 26 33 13 5 12 Equal parts / no majority ownership 2 3 9 1 2 6 1 1 1 9 9 Don't know 1 4 1 6 0 0 1 0 1 5 3 No answer 0 1 0 0 24 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4080 20 1176 95 292 702 128 232 77 336 390 320 155 157 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1507 7 464 44 98 230 37 79 30 109 148 140 65 57 Existance before 1989/91 Existed before 1989/91 56 56 50 87 41 34 45 52 75 41 78 86 79 70 Newly founded since 1989/91 43 44 50 12 59 65 54 47 25 59 19 14 21 30 Don't know 1 0 1 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Variations of workload Within the same day 19 6 11 17 11 22 33 27 14 19 22 20 32 21 From day to day within a normal working week 31 20 27 27 24 32 45 38 26 34 32 24 39 31 Within a year, e.g. seasonal variations 49 33 49 47 54 53 59 52 37 47 59 43 33 54 None of these 29 44 31 39 28 27 18 23 41 28 25 40 32 23 No answer 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 Total (Multiple responses) 130 104 118 132 119 136 156 141 120 129 138 128 137 130






Base (unweighted) 7420 32 1953 64 579 1253 373 464 205 737 648 313 560 239 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 4528 18 946 34 173 825 263 304 156 454 452 225 538 140 Foreseeability of daily/weekly workload variations Mostly foreseeable 43 25 38 32 37 50 57 43 53 39 41 51 34 53 Mostly not foreseeable 36 63 40 37 44 32 25 36 28 42 28 30 44 31 Both of equal importance 20 12 21 31 19 18 17 20 17 18 30 19 23 15 No answer 1 1 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Arrangements mostly used for coping with daily/weekly workload peaks Asking regular staff to work more hours 67 83 74 87 66 67 58 65 60 66 68 64 66 63 Employing staff on call, agency workers or freelancers 33 42 42 34 43 25 35 34 24 34 29 21 31 33 Outsourcing tasks to other firms 17 16 29 38 36 12 12 19 10 21 14 3 7 19 Employing part-time staff for peak hours or peak days 30 4 18 10 13 36 53 27 38 27 19 27 47 31 Others 16 12 14 22 7 15 14 14 11 14 23 18 22 12 None 5 2 4 5 4 5 5 5 9 4 7 11 4 4 Don't know 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 No answer 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 169 158 182 197 171 162 178 165 152 166 160 144 178 161






Base (unweighted) 10153 52 3166 101 1000 1781 477 553 219 896 826 404 355 322 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 5932 25 1506 52 337 1073 285 342 194 531 727 311 355 193 Foreseeability of annual variations Mostly foreseeable 69 62 60 76 55 79 79 72 75 64 73 88 56 75 Mostly not foreseeable 17 16 24 6 29 11 10 13 12 24 8 6 27 17 Both of equal importance 13 22 16 17 16 9 10 15 12 11 19 5 17 8 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Arrangements mostly used for coping with workload peaks within a year Asking regular staff to work more hours 67 85 71 57 62 67 52 58 64 67 71 62 72 66 Employing staff on call, agency workers or freelancers 36 36 51 27 41 29 40 41 26 39 23 16 33 34 Employing additional staff with fixed-term contracts 43 42 42 43 40 42 45 42 36 42 51 25 53 43 Outsourcing tasks to other firms 19 38 27 39 44 12 8 20 15 20 17 9 8 13 Asking staff to postpone holidays 28 48 30 31 34 26 24 29 22 29 32 10 35 26 Others 15 13 15 23 10 12 16 13 21 13 14 15 20 16 None 3 0 2 4 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 12 4 4 Don't know 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Total (Multiple responses) 211 265 238 223 234 192 188 206 186 213 209 151 225 203






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Part-time proportion None at all 23 29 30 26 47 26 19 36 13 22 17 6 4 15 Less than 20% 49 69 62 64 50 43 36 53 53 49 47 39 31 43 20% to less than 40% 14 1 6 7 2 10 14 7 24 14 23 23 29 17 40% to less than 60% 7 2 2 0 7 11 2 5 5 9 18 16 9 60% to less than 80% 5 0 0 0 9 12 0 2 4 2 10 10 6 80% to less than 100% 2 0 0 2 7 1 0 3 0 3 7 7 All 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 Don't know 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13404 63 3829 139 828 2130 557 602 476 1324 1123 895 981 457 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 9293 52 2183 82 330 1493 391 423 450 871 1016 682 1018 302 Forms of part-time work Some fixed hours every day 74 77 77 81 70 73 58 71 72 72 76 75 74 72 Other fixed cycles, e.g. some fixed days of the week in full-time, the other days off 49 42 45 40 37 41 35 42 59 48 64 48 64 46 Flexible working hours which are fixed a few days or hours in advance according to the establishment's needs 31 27 25 26 21 28 51 28 41 29 34 20 42 39 Other forms of part-time work 12 11 11 17 5 9 7 12 12 10 16 12 19 11 Don't know 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 0 0 1 1 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 166 157 158 164 134 152 151 154 187 160 189 156 199 168






Base (unweighted) 13404 63 3829 139 828 2130 557 602 476 1324 1123 895 981 457 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 9293 52 2183 82 330 1493 391 423 450 871 1016 682 1018 302 Reasons for introducing part-time work Mainly the needs of the establishment 25 20 18 21 25 31 49 34 11 24 16 34 24 39 Mainly the wishes of the employees 46 58 55 58 51 35 19 42 54 51 54 39 42 31 Both of equal importance 24 21 22 14 17 28 28 20 32 19 23 21 31 23 Mainly because of other reasons 4 1 4 5 6 4 3 4 2 5 5 4 2 7 Don't know 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 No answer 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Proportion of male part-timers None at all 40 47 49 28 54 43 27 36 37 41 29 36 34 35 Less than 20% 37 39 30 43 27 30 26 29 46 34 53 43 54 37 20% to less than 40% 7 1 5 7 2 9 14 6 7 8 7 9 6 9 40% to less than 60% 7 2 6 13 6 9 23 9 3 8 5 8 2 12 60% to less than 80% 2 3 2 1 1 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 4 80% to less than 100% 2 3 3 4 3 2 2 7 1 2 1 0 1 1 All 3 5 4 4 6 3 2 8 0 4 1 1 1 1 No answer 2 2 0 0 3 4 2 5 2 3 1 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13404 63 3829 139 828 2130 557 602 476 1324 1123 895 981 457 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 9293 52 2183 82 330 1493 391 423 450 871 1016 682 1018 302 Part-timers are ... Mothers with pre-school and school-age children 75 79 71 66 57 74 63 65 89 75 82 74 88 70 Women without children or mothers with grown-up children 55 35 48 52 43 54 50 42 60 50 64 69 70 59 Fathers 31 15 24 35 19 29 30 37 30 33 41 37 37 30 People who take care of elderly, ill or disabled family relatives 20 24 16 18 5 18 8 15 30 14 30 20 34 19 Students or pupils 25 4 17 11 11 36 51 22 24 24 16 18 33 31 Disabled persons or workers with poor health 31 33 31 36 16 29 16 23 30 26 40 28 45 27 Young people early in their working lives 21 2 11 13 13 29 44 23 11 19 17 30 30 27 Others 12 5 12 20 14 10 6 15 8 11 13 13 14 14 Don't know 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 4 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 273 200 232 254 181 283 271 247 284 256 308 291 353 282 Change from part-time into full-time He or she usually gets an appr. full-time job quickly 32 19 36 27 35 30 34 33 37 39 32 16 27 18 He or she has to wait for some time 32 21 27 27 19 32 27 36 37 25 36 39 47 27 It would be possible only exceptionally 15 33 16 21 14 16 20 17 13 15 12 16 12 21 There is practically no chance 11 23 9 7 17 11 9 8 4 9 14 21 9 22 Not applicable, has never happened 7 4 9 16 11 8 6 4 6 9 5 4 2 9 No answer 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Change from full-time into part-time in skilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 30 24 21 30 14 28 33 25 35 30 43 41 52 30 He or she has to wait for some time 24 24 24 18 17 22 22 23 27 22 25 32 31 22 It would be possible only exceptionally 21 20 28 30 25 22 18 21 20 22 13 13 11 24 There is practically no chance 12 16 14 9 25 13 13 18 7 12 8 5 2 11 Not applicable, has never happened 10 15 11 11 16 13 13 12 7 11 9 6 3 10 No answer 2 1 2 2 3 3 1 2 5 4 2 4 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from full-time into part-time in unskilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 32 22 26 26 18 30 37 31 33 29 48 30 50 33 He or she has to wait for some time 19 13 20 19 13 19 20 16 24 17 19 21 25 16 It would be possible only exceptionally 14 23 20 16 17 15 13 16 13 13 8 7 8 13 There is practically no chance 12 16 14 10 26 13 11 13 8 10 8 9 5 14 Not applicable, has never happened 19 26 17 24 24 20 16 21 17 27 15 29 11 20 No answer 3 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 4 2 4 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13404 63 3829 139 828 2130 557 602 476 1324 1123 895 981 457 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 9293 52 2183 82 330 1493 391 423 450 871 1016 682 1018 302 Motivation of part-time workers More motivated 10 12 10 11 10 10 12 8 10 12 12 7 11 12 Less motivated 8 1 6 11 7 8 11 8 9 7 8 10 7 8 No difference 79 84 82 78 79 79 75 82 77 77 77 81 78 77 Don't know 2 1 2 0 3 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 No answer 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 1 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Promotion prospects of part-time workers Better than those of a full-timer with comparable qual. 1 1 2 2 1 4 1 1 2 1 0 1 2 About the same 60 29 53 48 55 59 65 61 45 60 72 65 66 62 Slightly worse 22 53 25 31 18 21 16 20 37 21 19 16 20 15 Significantly worse 11 16 15 12 14 11 9 12 13 10 5 8 6 12 Don't know 3 0 3 4 5 4 3 5 3 3 2 3 2 5 No answer 4 1 3 3 6 4 2 2 2 4 1 8 4 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Part-time makes work organisation Easier 17 13 10 14 9 26 39 21 11 12 9 15 27 26 More complicated 35 31 38 41 30 21 12 37 45 34 51 42 36 28 No difference 46 56 50 44 59 50 47 39 41 52 38 42 35 44 Don't know 1 2 1 2 0 2 3 1 1 0 1 1 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Unusual working hours At night between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. 37 51 46 67 15 25 56 49 15 26 29 12 79 33 On Saturdays 49 40 41 73 29 53 82 64 29 39 47 22 85 63 On Sundays 37 27 30 70 16 29 77 46 17 30 38 17 82 52 None of these 44 42 43 25 68 41 15 27 69 57 50 74 14 32 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 168 160 162 235 129 149 231 186 130 152 165 126 260 181






Base (unweighted) 6285 52 2354 134 206 591 469 489 76 404 441 153 740 176 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 4519 38 1435 74 95 514 271 325 80 294 351 89 836 118 Proportion work at night Less than 20% 54 53 48 52 76 66 58 49 85 55 67 82 45 56 20% to less than 40% 22 17 26 35 8 20 11 21 6 18 19 13 25 17 40% to less than 60% 11 27 13 7 5 6 13 13 4 11 5 2 14 9 60% to less than 80% 6 2 8 5 4 4 3 7 3 7 3 1 9 8 80% to less than 100% 3 1 2 0 3 2 4 4 4 2 1 4 5 All 2 1 2 1 11 3 1 3 1 1 1 4 No answer 2 2 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 8667 47 2222 148 474 1622 640 620 145 624 712 225 822 366 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 5917 30 1283 81 178 1077 395 420 148 440 575 163 904 225 Proportion work on Saturdays Less than 20% 41 41 52 56 62 29 13 37 63 53 63 70 19 34 20% to less than 40% 19 23 21 29 17 17 11 19 13 16 21 7 23 17 40% to less than 60% 13 27 12 7 9 13 18 11 7 9 6 9 21 15 60% to less than 80% 10 6 8 6 3 12 11 13 8 7 3 4 16 10 80% to less than 100% 7 2 3 0 2 13 16 7 1 5 2 3 10 10 All 9 0 3 1 2 14 29 11 4 6 3 6 9 13 No answer 2 2 2 4 1 1 2 3 4 2 2 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 6133 26 1506 140 246 780 594 450 80 485 578 176 782 290 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 4478 20 936 78 99 590 374 301 85 340 472 122 874 186 Proportion work on Sundays Less than 20% 44 43 57 57 73 41 13 42 65 58 66 75 19 34 20% to less than 40% 19 38 19 29 13 21 15 21 15 13 19 9 23 17 40% to less than 60% 14 12 11 6 4 18 20 11 6 8 6 7 22 15 60% to less than 80% 9 5 7 6 1 8 9 11 7 7 3 3 16 9 80% to less than 100% 6 2 2 0 3 6 15 6 1 6 2 3 11 11 All 6 2 0 2 4 26 5 2 4 2 2 9 12 No answer 2 3 2 5 2 2 3 4 4 3 1 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Employees with changing working hours Yes 36 47 43 58 13 29 48 51 18 24 33 18 63 43 No 63 53 56 42 86 70 51 49 82 76 67 81 36 56 No answer 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 6309 51 2245 107 197 871 400 517 89 400 440 189 568 235 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 4410 35 1348 64 82 590 232 334 94 270 404 130 674 152 Proportion with changing working hours Less than 20% 29 36 25 51 49 28 10 25 61 34 67 55 10 29 20% to less than 40% 19 9 23 29 18 20 13 18 12 22 16 16 11 23 40% to less than 60% 18 24 24 10 14 17 21 13 13 13 3 15 22 15 60% to less than 80% 17 19 18 5 9 13 19 18 5 13 4 3 33 14 80% to less than 100% 10 9 8 2 3 11 15 14 3 8 5 6 16 11 All 6 2 1 1 6 10 21 10 5 9 2 6 8 8 No answer 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Notification period Less than 1 day 4 3 3 1 10 5 5 9 4 8 3 1 2 3 1 to 3 days 7 29 7 4 10 6 9 14 7 15 5 4 2 3 4 days to less than 2 weeks 20 20 22 15 29 22 41 22 21 20 16 25 11 19 2 weeks to less than 1 month 19 6 12 13 12 27 24 13 16 9 22 20 34 23 1 month or more 44 38 51 66 35 36 17 36 47 38 47 45 50 47 Don't know 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 6 8 3 3 1 3 No answer 2 2 3 0 1 2 2 4 1 3 3 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from shift to normal working hours He/she gets an appr. job during usual work. hours quickly 7 6 8 7 10 11 10 5 8 9 7 6 3 4 He/she has to wait for some time 22 16 24 29 20 22 15 25 34 31 26 26 16 15 It would be possible only exceptionally 34 41 37 29 43 28 26 25 29 21 39 29 43 29 There is practically no chance 27 31 25 30 17 26 37 35 10 21 19 29 32 40 Not applicable, has never happened 7 7 5 5 10 10 10 8 14 13 7 6 4 7 No answer 2 0 1 1 0 3 3 2 4 5 2 3 3 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Flexible working time arrangements Yes 53 53 51 57 40 48 47 46 68 62 68 48 48 64 No 46 46 47 42 60 50 53 52 31 37 31 51 50 36 No answer 1 1 1 0 1 2 0 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 10220 46 3000 119 671 1576 342 488 375 1203 1015 479 531 375 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 6418 39 1594 63 245 976 226 301 350 701 832 350 514 227 Proportion flexible working hours Less than 20% 23 38 26 27 34 23 18 35 11 14 13 31 34 21 20% to less than 40% 14 18 20 9 14 14 14 19 5 10 11 11 17 12 40% to less than 60% 9 7 12 17 7 8 9 6 8 7 8 7 10 8 60% to less than 80% 7 8 5 9 3 6 9 5 4 7 13 5 4 8 80% to less than 100% 11 14 8 12 9 9 4 4 16 12 19 10 10 9 All 32 15 26 22 27 34 39 27 51 44 34 32 22 37 No answer 4 1 3 4 7 5 7 4 4 5 2 4 3 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Rationale for introduction of flexible working hours To reduce paid overtime hours 18 52 22 28 17 20 17 13 19 11 14 14 23 18 To make working hours more adaptable to variations in workloads 51 45 50 47 45 53 58 54 62 44 50 42 61 51 To enable employees to better combine work and family or personal life 72 60 72 74 69 68 61 66 79 70 80 69 76 72 To cope with commuting problems 26 30 26 30 22 25 17 22 27 27 31 24 23 28 Other reasons 11 2 9 13 10 8 10 9 10 10 12 16 16 12 Don't know 3 2 4 2 2 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 No answer 2 1 2 0 4 3 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 1 Total (Multiple responses) 183 193 185 195 169 182 167 170 201 168 191 171 204 187






Base (unweighted) 10220 46 3000 119 671 1576 342 488 375 1203 1015 479 531 375 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 6418 39 1594 63 245 976 226 301 350 701 832 350 514 227 Effects of flexible working hours A reduction of paid overtime hours 28 35 33 38 25 28 23 27 33 18 25 21 34 23 A better adaptation of working hours to the workloads 60 74 60 54 56 60 57 57 62 52 62 57 66 58 Lower absenteeism 30 6 32 35 30 29 31 25 27 27 32 29 37 35 Higher degree of job satisfaction 65 70 65 76 60 59 58 61 72 62 70 70 73 64 Other positive effects 22 21 20 27 19 22 22 14 27 21 21 31 26 24 Problems of internal and external communication due to varied working times 12 2 9 17 11 11 7 7 14 11 16 13 19 20 Increased costs 7 1 6 4 7 6 5 7 6 4 10 4 7 7 Other negative effects 5 0 6 17 3 5 4 5 6 3 6 4 7 3 Don't know 5 2 5 7 4 6 4 5 4 7 4 5 4 5 No answer 4 7 3 0 4 5 7 4 3 6 2 4 5 3 Total (Multiple responses) 237 219 239 274 219 231 218 211 254 211 249 238 277 242 Accumulation of hours Yes 72 81 74 72 63 63 58 62 79 66 81 68 84 79 No 26 18 24 25 34 33 40 35 19 31 18 29 15 20 No answer 3 1 2 3 3 4 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 7143 34 2134 87 425 1021 203 314 268 816 795 327 420 299 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 4600 32 1177 45 155 613 132 185 277 466 672 237 429 179 Accumulated hours for full days off Yes 81 77 81 86 82 79 83 78 84 75 83 86 87 85 No 18 23 19 14 18 21 14 21 16 24 17 14 13 15 No answer 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5588 28 1650 71 352 762 163 240 214 629 601 263 367 248 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3747 24 953 39 127 486 109 145 232 351 556 203 372 151 Accumulated hours for longer periods of leave Yes 53 60 58 53 55 51 65 42 52 52 51 40 58 48 No 45 40 41 46 44 46 31 57 48 47 48 58 41 52 No answer 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 0 1 1 2 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Proportion working overtime Nobody 16 13 14 7 21 19 31 10 15 17 15 19 9 17 Less than 20% 29 38 29 36 24 26 24 27 31 26 36 32 30 26 20% to less than 40% 16 16 16 25 14 14 12 17 17 16 17 14 19 17 40% to less than 60% 12 7 13 14 12 12 10 13 11 12 9 10 13 11 60% to less than 80% 7 14 8 6 8 8 6 9 6 7 4 5 8 8 80% to less than 100% 7 3 7 3 7 7 6 9 6 7 7 6 6 8 All 7 6 6 4 10 9 9 10 4 9 4 7 7 8 Impossible to say, overtime hours are def. by end of year 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 Don't know 4 1 4 3 2 4 2 4 6 4 6 4 5 3 No answer 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 16493 99 5269 204 1374 2645 531 926 479 1535 1301 743 904 482 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 10097 64 2653 102 489 1619 333 587 434 926 1048 584 962 294 Forms of overtime work Only exceptionally 60 65 62 65 61 61 61 54 62 56 61 55 57 65 Regularly 21 16 19 13 20 22 18 27 21 28 16 29 20 17 Both forms 17 19 18 19 19 14 18 18 16 14 22 14 19 15 Don't know 1 1 1 0 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 No answer 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5717 43 1795 61 473 842 159 415 152 567 454 297 302 157 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3857 22 978 33 188 588 120 261 158 389 397 248 382 92 Proportion regular overtime work Practically all 12 10 11 10 18 13 13 22 7 12 10 16 7 14 Most 20 12 20 22 22 16 18 23 26 30 15 19 18 29 Some 30 47 30 38 27 29 21 25 31 30 39 23 31 39 Very few only 29 23 33 26 21 32 35 24 28 18 33 34 33 14 Don't know 3 6 3 0 6 3 7 3 5 5 1 2 4 3 No answer 5 2 4 4 6 7 7 2 2 5 3 6 8 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 16493 99 5269 204 1374 2645 531 926 479 1535 1301 743 904 482 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 10097 64 2653 102 489 1619 333 587 434 926 1048 584 962 294 Choice of overtime workers Selected 20 30 18 39 26 18 23 17 18 19 24 26 15 22 Volunteers 43 42 44 25 37 48 42 43 47 44 36 35 48 42 Both 32 27 34 34 34 31 32 34 28 28 35 29 33 31 Don't know 2 0 1 1 2 2 1 3 3 4 2 4 2 2 No answer 3 0 2 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 3 7 2 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 8781 67 2856 134 736 1371 298 495 240 765 773 387 406 252 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 5270 37 1399 74 295 784 183 300 202 438 623 319 460 155 Refusal of overtime work possible Yes 70 75 74 57 72 73 75 68 63 68 66 70 60 74 No 25 19 21 39 23 22 23 27 30 23 28 24 37 23 Don't know 3 5 3 3 3 3 1 3 5 5 4 2 2 2 No answer 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 5 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 16493 99 5269 204 1374 2645 531 926 479 1535 1301 743 904 482 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 10097 64 2653 102 489 1619 333 587 434 926 1048 584 962 294 Payment or time off for overtime work Paid for 29 33 33 22 42 37 36 38 20 27 14 29 16 21 Compensated with time off 21 6 14 14 15 18 29 16 22 25 30 26 35 33 Both - payment or compensation with time off 46 59 51 63 41 42 32 43 53 38 54 37 48 43 Neither - nor 3 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 3 7 1 8 1 3 No answer 1 0 0 0 2 0 2 2 1 1 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 7425 44 2440 129 569 1099 204 398 244 634 688 299 461 215 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 4650 38 1358 64 201 676 108 255 229 355 567 213 461 125 If both is possible: most common compensation By payment 30 53 33 35 28 35 24 35 22 29 26 29 17 28 By time off 30 20 27 31 28 23 26 19 44 29 30 34 45 40 Both alternatives are of approximately the same importance 39 26 39 34 44 41 50 45 31 40 42 33 37 31 No answer 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 4 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Employees in parental leave Yes 72 64 72 79 47 69 62 65 87 71 81 77 89 68 No 26 35 27 21 52 29 38 34 12 27 18 22 11 31 Don't know 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13697 59 4177 163 829 2281 452 675 500 1303 1220 741 897 400 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 8775 47 2229 88 291 1396 297 431 448 811 990 558 945 243 Men in parental leave Yes 42 33 42 37 53 40 28 50 46 44 46 39 39 34 No 57 67 57 62 47 59 71 49 53 54 53 59 61 66 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Behaviour after parental leave Resume work to same extent 42 32 44 53 42 42 44 50 26 43 43 46 37 46 Ask for reduced working hours 43 39 38 40 29 41 32 29 66 40 51 46 56 37 Do not return at all 8 13 10 6 10 10 15 8 6 8 1 5 4 9 Don't know 5 13 5 1 11 4 7 8 1 6 3 2 2 6 No answer 3 3 3 1 9 3 1 5 1 3 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13697 59 4177 163 829 2281 452 675 500 1303 1220 741 897 400 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 8775 47 2229 88 291 1396 297 431 448 811 990 558 945 243 Coping with absence due to parental leave By hiring new staff with fixed-term contracts 60 55 58 60 39 52 62 52 48 52 64 79 78 70 By employing temporary agency workers 18 10 28 27 25 16 7 18 17 18 13 11 9 11 By distributing work among the remaining employees 52 40 56 52 61 52 45 49 61 56 57 33 41 46 By giving work to subcontractors 3 0 5 7 7 2 1 4 5 5 3 1 1 2 By hiring new permanent staff 14 7 14 3 10 18 20 14 21 18 7 7 15 9 Other methods 6 2 5 6 5 4 3 5 11 7 8 7 7 8 Don't know 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 154 114 166 156 149 147 139 142 164 157 153 139 151 146 Problems with parental leave Yes 11 4 10 7 9 11 8 13 10 11 12 13 14 10 No 89 94 90 93 90 89 91 87 90 88 88 86 86 90 No answer 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1652 4 501 18 108 260 33 78 67 149 167 101 121 45 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 962 2 219 6 27 148 25 55 46 93 114 72 129 25 Major problems related to parental leave Too many employees are absent because of parental leave 27 19 4 24 29 18 32 39 29 33 15 39 11 Difficulties in finding staff to replace absent workers 48 65 38 23 55 51 46 42 51 57 52 46 57 31 Lack of continuity of work 54 65 47 51 50 50 33 54 65 62 56 67 58 49 Uncertainty if or when persons on parental leave will return 47 62 52 27 40 43 58 48 57 52 29 41 57 50 Difficulties in re-integrating the returning staff 29 62 34 11 24 26 14 29 49 31 19 25 27 27 Other problems 23 35 26 18 22 13 20 19 29 19 19 27 20 Don't know 2 4 4 6 5 0 1 1 1 0 3 No answer 1 1 6 6 1 0 2 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 230 288 220 126 224 227 182 228 280 261 209 214 265 191






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Training programmes for returning people Yes 29 28 24 48 20 30 27 27 37 25 37 34 35 27 No 66 70 71 47 73 64 68 69 58 69 59 62 62 67 Don't know 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 No answer 2 0 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Paid or unpaid long-term leave If employees have to care for elderly, ill or disabled persons in their families 47 27 40 57 35 41 30 42 52 43 66 59 66 49 For further education 45 30 40 56 34 38 32 45 46 41 58 57 66 47 For any other purpose 32 24 28 44 25 27 23 33 38 31 43 45 45 33 No long-term leaves 29 45 34 18 37 34 40 31 23 32 14 17 14 31 No answer 8 12 9 5 10 9 12 9 7 8 5 7 6 7 Total (Multiple responses) 161 138 150 179 142 149 137 159 166 154 186 185 197 166






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Employees younger than 30 years None at all 4 7 2 1 2 4 3 6 4 3 6 7 3 6 Less than 20% 34 41 35 51 34 25 16 31 23 29 46 52 36 34 20% to less than 40% 36 45 39 41 37 34 22 36 47 33 36 29 43 29 40% to less than 60% 16 3 15 6 20 23 22 17 17 20 6 6 13 16 60% to less than 80% 6 1 4 0 4 9 19 6 3 7 2 1 3 9 80% to less than 100% 2 1 1 0 1 2 14 2 1 4 0 1 0 3 All 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 No answer 3 1 3 0 2 3 2 3 5 4 4 4 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Employees 50 years or older None at all 6 4 4 1 6 10 20 6 4 9 2 3 2 8 Less than 20% 46 54 48 27 49 52 57 49 52 51 31 32 43 43 20% to less than 40% 31 26 33 50 30 26 16 27 29 25 42 33 35 28 40% to less than 60% 11 15 10 17 9 8 5 12 8 8 17 20 15 16 60% to less than 80% 2 1 2 2 2 1 0 3 2 2 5 7 2 3 80% to less than 100% 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 All 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 3 2 1 2 3 1 2 4 4 4 3 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 19306 115 6060 218 1657 3179 642 1015 574 1696 1611 958 1031 549 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 11386 71 2970 110 581 1831 385 621 499 1033 1207 705 1044 330 Phased retirement offered Yes 46 25 38 46 30 44 44 38 53 42 55 57 68 51 No 46 70 54 49 58 45 46 54 41 47 41 38 27 41 No answer 8 6 9 5 11 11 10 7 6 10 3 4 5 8 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 7157 19 1986 80 502 1071 222 315 259 656 662 530 619 236 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 5234 18 1120 51 177 808 169 239 264 437 669 403 714 168 Proportion of phased retirement Almost all 7 11 6 7 3 7 8 3 6 7 3 13 8 5 Most 6 1 5 21 3 4 4 6 10 7 3 10 6 8 Some 38 62 38 28 31 31 32 32 46 29 50 36 45 33 Practically nobody 45 26 47 44 59 50 47 55 33 51 39 39 37 49 Don't know 3 2 3 6 5 3 4 5 3 1 4 2 No answer 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 0 1 0 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Encouraging phased retirement Encourage 18 42 21 32 22 15 17 18 23 16 15 21 13 21 Try to prevent them 6 9 6 5 9 6 10 6 6 4 5 7 5 6 Neither - nor 74 49 72 63 67 76 68 74 68 75 77 70 78 71 No answer 3 1 3 4 5 1 3 4 3 3 4 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Possibility of early retirement Yes 58 44 57 74 49 55 44 57 66 51 65 73 62 52 No 33 53 34 23 41 32 39 35 29 36 33 21 33 38 No answer 9 4 9 3 11 14 17 8 5 13 2 6 5 10 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 11197 54 3470 148 880 1680 356 605 370 893 1059 706 653 323 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 6975 33 1774 82 301 1106 211 377 340 577 804 531 655 185 Basis of early retirement Legal regulations 45 66 43 49 45 35 40 50 21 40 64 55 44 51 Collective agreement 29 27 29 29 27 33 32 27 55 31 15 25 33 23 Both 14 6 16 18 13 13 11 13 14 10 16 14 14 12 Neither - nor 8 9 1 10 11 9 5 7 14 3 2 5 12 Don't know 4 0 3 3 4 7 8 4 2 4 2 5 4 2 No answer 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Proportion with early retirement Almost all 13 24 16 21 12 9 4 14 18 12 10 12 12 6 Most 9 17 13 20 6 5 3 12 14 6 12 9 4 8 Some 32 39 32 38 23 26 18 26 36 29 43 34 38 33 Practically nobody 29 16 24 15 39 35 41 30 18 31 24 28 32 35 No experience yet 14 4 12 5 19 21 28 18 8 19 9 14 11 17 Don't know 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 4 2 2 2 3 1 No answer 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Encouraging early retirement Encourage 21 57 24 43 21 16 12 25 30 17 15 19 18 21 Try to prevent them 7 3 7 1 10 7 8 7 8 6 7 6 5 6 Neither - nor 69 39 66 54 64 73 75 63 59 70 76 72 74 68 No answer 4 3 3 5 4 5 4 3 7 2 3 4 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2038 19 692 50 142 281 49 131 99 134 160 119 104 58 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1430 19 433 35 64 177 26 96 103 98 122 102 117 40 Encouraging early retirement In order to cope with problems of decreasing productivity or poor health 40 31 41 14 48 47 29 29 25 36 40 42 56 22 In order to reduce the average age of the workforce 25 15 34 25 26 22 8 19 21 24 23 22 14 27 In order to reduce staff 41 44 51 58 29 37 14 36 65 21 45 23 29 47 Other reasons 35 38 28 25 32 39 50 33 28 39 39 49 32 56 Don't know 2 0 1 1 3 4 1 0 5 1 2 5 No answer 2 15 2 2 1 5 0 2 Total (Multiple responses) 143 143 157 123 136 151 105 119 139 129 148 136 135 156






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Support in domestic commitments Company kindergarten or crèche 5 0 2 3 2 2 2 2 6 5 7 9 13 4 Other forms of professional help for childcare, e.g. a company babysitting service 3 0 2 7 2 2 2 2 5 4 5 5 6 2 Professional help for household management, e.g. cleansing or shopping services 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 Others 4 2 4 9 2 4 4 4 7 4 6 3 6 3 None 88 95 91 82 94 91 90 91 84 87 83 83 77 91 No answer 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 Total (Multiple responses) 102 100 101 101 101 101 102 101 103 102 103 102 105 101 Work-life balance as task of company 0 = It is not at all the task ... 8 11 9 4 12 7 8 13 4 7 7 5 5 9 1 2 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 6 14 7 8 5 5 5 8 5 4 4 5 7 6 3 9 7 10 16 9 8 8 9 10 7 10 7 11 7 4 9 3 10 9 8 8 6 11 9 8 10 11 11 8 5 25 39 24 24 25 24 24 23 24 24 26 26 25 24 6 9 6 9 5 9 8 11 8 10 12 12 10 7 11 7 11 7 11 11 10 12 12 11 12 12 11 11 10 10 8 10 7 8 10 10 12 11 9 11 12 10 11 11 14 9 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 2 1 2 3 10 = The company should definetely ... 7 2 5 6 8 9 8 4 6 8 5 7 7 7 No answer 3 2 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 5,1 4,3 4,8 4,9 4,9 5,4 5,3 4,6 5,3 5,5 5,2 5,4 5,2 5,3






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Employee representation? Yes 58 71 62 89 42 40 30 53 68 48 78 79 75 53 No 41 29 37 11 57 59 69 46 31 51 21 20 25 47 No answer 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 10418 70 3345 190 716 1123 254 519 390 783 1163 794 756 314 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 7049 52 1920 99 258 808 144 352 354 544 957 579 793 189 Employee representation information Information (name and/or telephone number) is given 70 67 71 79 62 61 57 68 73 63 76 63 78 74 Don't know, but OK to interview employee representative 15 18 13 11 16 19 20 11 10 20 14 18 11 12 Refused 14 16 15 10 21 19 22 21 15 15 8 15 9 13 Not asked (No answer in MM604/MM604b/MM604c/MM605/MM613) 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 4 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Further contact Yes, agrees 91 92 92 92 91 90 89 90 89 91 91 87 90 93 No, does not agree 8 8 7 6 7 8 10 7 10 8 7 10 8 6 No answer 2 0 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 121 6472 221 1814 3648 802 1085 615 1930 1663 996 1059 604 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 74 3101 111 619 2028 483 659 517 1135 1229 729 1063 357 Employee representative interview? Yes 29 35 33 47 16 18 9 22 38 20 47 33 38 25 ER exists, but no interview 30 36 29 42 26 22 20 31 31 28 31 47 37 28 No ER 41 29 37 11 57 59 69 46 31 51 21 20 25 47 No answer 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100


10






Base (unweighted) 3753 17 1262 84 226 405 74 198 117 268 457 265 262 118 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1537 5 424 30 46 212 25 101 51 107 248 108 144 35 ER represents ... Whole workforce 52 66 55 55 54 52 63 51 62 53 55 27 55 42 Part only 47 34 44 45 46 48 37 47 38 47 44 72 44 57 No answer 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2057 6 692 42 118 202 29 99 36 148 284 187 147 67 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 722 2 187 13 21 101 9 48 19 50 110 78 63 20 Proportion represented Less than 20% 10 7 18 13 12 21 17 2 10 11 10 9 8 20% to less than 40% 27 79 21 37 29 27 36 33 43 24 34 17 33 24 40% to less than 60% 24 6 23 34 23 18 10 17 7 28 25 34 22 43 60% to less than 80% 23 12 31 5 16 27 30 21 38 17 15 25 19 9 80% or more 15 3 17 5 19 15 1 11 9 21 15 14 16 15 No answer 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 26 1022 52 98 358 46 148 196 230 577 237 405 91 Part-time workers in establishment Yes 78 85 71 68 50 70 70 68 93 75 84 86 92 78 No 22 15 28 31 50 29 30 32 7 24 16 14 7 22 No answer 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 3262 16 980 59 93 328 61 140 171 242 454 282 341 95 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2705 22 729 35 49 251 32 100 181 172 484 204 374 70 Reasons for introducing part-time work Mainly the needs of the establishment 18 10 14 16 12 25 29 33 5 18 13 26 25 27 Mainly the wishes of the employees 49 29 56 45 47 39 36 40 52 51 53 44 45 40 Both of equal importance 28 56 24 37 32 29 32 19 38 22 28 26 28 30 Mainly because of other reasons 4 4 6 1 7 3 2 3 3 8 4 2 1 1 Don't know 1 0 0 2 3 0 5 1 1 1 2 1 1 No answer 0 1 1 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from part-time into full-time He or she usually gets an appr. full-time job quickly 25 35 29 30 21 21 31 27 35 33 24 16 14 10 He or she has to wait for some time 37 43 33 29 33 39 35 24 31 35 40 36 52 32 It would be possible only exceptionally 19 16 19 23 29 20 20 23 17 17 16 20 19 31 There is practically no chance 12 10 15 13 11 10 15 10 9 12 17 12 16 Not applicable, has never happened 5 6 6 3 4 6 3 8 4 5 3 8 2 10 No answer 2 2 0 3 4 3 1 4 4 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 26 1022 52 98 358 46 148 196 230 577 237 405 91 Change from full-time into part-time in skilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 26 0 16 25 19 27 28 25 19 27 37 33 40 28 He or she has to wait for some time 32 67 28 35 24 29 27 30 42 32 30 42 40 26 It would be possible only exceptionally 23 23 30 21 25 23 16 21 30 22 16 14 14 22 There is practically no chance 10 5 15 11 18 12 12 12 5 12 6 5 3 11 Not applicable, has never happened 7 5 8 8 13 7 15 10 3 5 7 6 2 8 No answer 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 3 2 1 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from full-time into part-time in unskilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 33 27 23 21 23 31 41 28 34 27 49 22 47 34 He or she has to wait for some time 26 24 25 24 20 23 27 28 37 28 22 30 27 23 It would be possible only exceptionally 15 15 22 8 20 18 11 15 13 17 7 5 9 17 There is practically no chance 11 11 16 25 15 11 7 13 5 10 7 6 4 13 Not applicable, has never happened 14 23 12 21 19 11 13 13 7 17 12 32 11 9 No answer 3 2 0 2 7 4 3 1 4 5 2 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 26 1022 52 98 358 46 148 196 230 577 237 405 91 Climate for changes from full-time to part-time Encouraging 45 44 32 33 35 45 57 42 44 46 57 51 60 39 Discouraging 30 42 44 29 35 31 11 23 40 31 17 16 19 33 Neither - nor (only asked in CZ, CY, LV, HU, PL, SI) 3 7 4 14 2 3 10 4 0 3 3 4 1 6 No answer 22 7 20 24 29 21 22 31 15 19 23 29 19 22 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Consultation of employee representation for changes Normally 37 50 41 39 35 32 38 43 42 24 36 34 30 40 Sometimes 28 24 25 24 15 30 19 19 32 33 27 25 43 31 Never 20 21 17 19 26 20 20 16 17 23 22 27 21 12 Not applicable, has never happened so far 14 5 16 19 22 18 22 18 5 19 13 13 5 17 Don't know 1 0 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 No answer 1 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 3262 16 980 59 93 328 61 140 171 242 454 282 341 95 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2705 22 729 35 49 251 32 100 181 172 484 204 374 70 Motivation of part-time workers More motivated 18 17 21 25 8 13 12 24 12 14 13 24 27 Less motivated 7 7 6 6 3 9 13 10 7 10 7 10 4 4 No difference 74 76 71 68 86 76 86 77 69 78 76 75 71 68 Don't know 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 3 1 1 1 No answer 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Promotion prospects of part-time workers Better than those of a full-timer with comparable qual. 0 0 1 0 10 1 0 0 0 0 0 About the same 43 77 33 59 42 45 35 52 24 41 54 46 49 46 Slightly worse 30 11 34 23 31 28 39 20 35 35 26 25 30 26 Significantly worse 19 10 24 13 23 19 15 17 35 20 12 15 15 13 Don't know 5 1 7 2 2 4 1 1 4 3 6 9 4 12 No answer 2 1 2 0 4 9 0 1 1 6 2 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Part-time makes work organization Easier 14 7 9 10 4 26 3 23 11 6 7 12 32 20 More complicated 40 13 39 31 47 24 30 32 44 45 53 48 34 40 No difference 43 81 50 57 47 49 67 43 44 42 37 36 32 39 Don't know 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 8 2 1 1 No answer 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 4 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 26 1022 52 98 358 46 148 196 230 577 237 405 91 Unusual working hours At night between 10 p.m. and 6.a.m. 44 76 59 73 22 32 55 57 17 32 22 17 82 38 On Saturdays 51 63 48 68 24 56 79 66 24 47 45 25 87 59 On Sundays 41 57 38 67 17 32 80 53 16 35 34 18 86 51 None of these 41 15 33 25 71 37 14 24 74 49 54 74 11 37 Don't know 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Total (Multiple responses) 177 211 178 233 134 157 228 201 131 164 156 134 266 186






Base (unweighted) 2785 21 1050 76 76 311 85 172 46 157 303 85 309 94 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2061 22 686 38 28 226 39 111 51 117 263 61 362 56 Negotiations about problems with unusual hours Yes 32 38 35 19 30 23 33 35 17 32 33 29 36 37 No 66 62 65 81 68 75 67 61 76 65 66 69 64 63 No answer 1 0 3 2 4 7 3 1 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 928 8 346 21 18 83 29 75 8 58 117 22 109 34 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 667 8 237 7 8 52 13 39 9 38 87 18 132 21 IImportance of issue unusual hours Major 60 73 65 63 51 80 37 79 80 49 48 17 60 23 Minor 37 27 29 23 48 18 52 16 20 50 51 83 39 70 No answer 3 6 15 1 1 12 5 1 1 1 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 928 8 346 21 18 83 29 75 8 58 117 22 109 34 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 667 8 237 7 8 52 13 39 9 38 87 18 132 21 Most problematic unusual hours Work at night between 10 p.m. and 6.a.m. 32 7 26 22 62 22 46 42 12 39 33 27 41 16 Work on Saturdays 18 12 25 26 27 16 5 16 24 3 28 41 8 2 Work on Sundays 30 78 26 19 5 52 19 31 64 33 29 25 23 60 No answer 20 3 23 33 6 10 31 12 24 11 7 29 22 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 928 8 346 21 18 83 29 75 8 58 117 22 109 34 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 667 8 237 7 8 52 13 39 9 38 87 18 132 21 Issues to negotiate Necessity to work at these hours 42 82 53 13 26 45 32 39 62 36 37 46 26 31 Selection of employees 34 2 35 2 18 26 19 43 15 34 38 36 33 54 Organization of work at these hours 58 73 53 43 50 59 48 62 12 71 64 66 60 59 Compensation for work at these hours 67 73 67 81 89 66 73 60 37 77 61 90 69 69 Other issues 38 56 44 39 13 14 34 34 8 32 49 38 38 24 No answer 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 3 Total (Multiple responses) 241 287 255 181 195 210 207 238 133 251 253 278 226 240






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 26 1022 52 98 358 46 148 196 230 577 237 405 91 Employees with changing working hours Yes 49 82 61 63 23 36 65 58 22 32 33 34 79 43 No 51 18 39 37 77 63 33 42 76 68 67 65 21 57 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2200 20 893 60 50 206 69 145 31 110 200 104 243 69 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1693 21 624 32 23 130 30 86 43 73 191 81 320 39 Change from shift to normal working hours He/she usually gets usual working hours quickly 8 0 6 15 24 12 1 7 13 14 9 8 5 2 He or she has to wait for some time 28 22 31 34 38 24 35 26 29 26 20 21 27 36 It would be possible only exceptionally 38 60 37 31 25 37 36 34 45 35 44 43 37 33 There is practically no chance 22 17 22 17 9 17 19 27 8 19 23 22 28 27 Not applicable, has never happened 4 1 3 2 5 5 8 5 4 7 4 5 3 2 No answer 1 0 1 5 1 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 26 1022 52 98 358 46 148 196 230 577 237 405 91 Flexible working time arrangements Yes 62 76 62 68 40 50 42 54 79 70 78 47 54 68 No 37 24 37 30 57 49 57 45 18 30 21 50 46 32 No answer 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 3 1 2 3 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2794 12 910 64 116 243 40 125 146 239 459 155 185 100 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2165 20 638 35 40 177 19 80 154 160 449 111 219 62 Rationale for introduction of flexible working hours To reduce paid overtime hours 26 35 35 20 21 17 18 39 23 23 19 12 35 20 To make working hours more adaptable to variations in workloads 57 60 63 43 43 59 51 53 62 52 46 58 62 52 To enable employees to better combine work and family or personal life 73 66 72 78 64 69 67 73 68 71 80 73 68 76 To cope with commuting problems 31 31 32 28 36 26 22 31 30 31 33 34 26 38 Other reasons 21 70 20 23 11 15 28 18 17 20 24 24 25 13 Don't know 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 4 4 2 1 5 No answer 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 211 266 224 193 178 188 187 214 203 202 208 202 217 205






Base (unweighted) 2794 12 910 64 116 243 40 125 146 239 459 155 185 100 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2165 20 638 35 40 177 19 80 154 160 449 111 219 62 Effects of flexible working hours A reduction of paid overtime hours 39 34 50 36 40 28 27 33 36 31 34 28 45 37 A better adaptation of working hours to the workloads 69 81 73 53 59 63 68 64 67 68 67 66 80 71 Lower absenteeism 33 30 40 30 35 34 26 20 35 39 31 18 25 40 Higher degree of job satisfaction 70 44 70 74 54 56 63 59 80 76 76 70 67 78 Other positive effects 38 82 42 41 27 25 39 17 33 31 41 39 43 44 Problems of internal and external communication due to varied working times 21 20 17 9 17 22 22 15 21 28 28 18 33 Increased costs 7 7 1 3 10 15 8 11 1 7 2 10 7 Other negative effects 11 6 12 9 13 7 12 13 10 11 9 15 15 5 Don't know 2 1 1 2 1 1 6 2 3 5 2 2 1 3 No answer 1 2 6 0 1 3 0 0 1 4 1 1 Total (Multiple responses) 293 279 317 262 248 239 279 240 291 284 296 273 305 318






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 26 1022 52 98 358 46 148 196 230 577 237 405 91 Employees with overtime work Yes 85 95 87 92 83 81 78 84 90 84 85 78 89 90 No 13 5 12 3 16 18 18 14 8 12 12 18 9 8 Impossible to say, overtime hours are def. by end of year 0 0 0 0 1 4 0 2 0 1 Don't know 1 1 4 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 1 No answer 0 0 2 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4335 26 1499 100 230 429 74 207 179 296 552 285 332 126 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2993 24 890 48 82 292 38 125 176 195 491 189 361 83 Forms of overtime work Only exceptionally 47 20 49 52 48 62 52 46 41 47 49 37 35 42 Regularly 25 67 22 17 16 19 22 33 26 28 18 33 35 27 Both forms 28 13 29 31 35 16 21 21 33 24 33 27 29 31 Don't know 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 No answer 1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1927 14 665 44 85 146 22 105 91 138 257 148 157 55 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1570 20 451 23 42 104 16 67 104 102 249 112 231 48 Proportion of regular overtime work Practically all 8 2 6 6 18 6 9 11 9 10 4 16 12 11 Most 25 28 22 18 29 17 39 23 21 31 20 19 41 20 Some 40 39 44 37 37 41 41 43 54 38 36 33 33 47 Very few only 22 31 23 35 13 29 7 17 16 16 33 26 12 17 Don't know 2 1 1 2 5 0 3 4 5 0 2 No answer 3 4 3 1 3 4 5 0 1 2 1 2 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4335 26 1499 100 230 429 74 207 179 296 552 285 332 126 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2993 24 890 48 82 292 38 125 176 195 491 189 361 83 Consultation of employee representation Informed/consulted before overtime hours have to be done 44 80 60 49 43 40 44 37 54 34 39 38 18 43 Informed afterwards only 17 4 15 8 16 15 28 23 19 18 13 14 30 16 Not informed/consulted at all 37 16 23 42 41 42 27 39 26 46 46 44 49 40 No answer 2 2 1 1 3 0 1 2 2 2 4 3 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1640 15 709 36 77 149 35 72 69 88 170 101 71 48 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1320 20 538 23 35 118 17 46 95 65 192 71 64 36 Negotiations to avoid/reduce overtime work Yes 67 68 67 43 50 69 61 82 68 57 70 61 67 69 No 32 32 31 55 47 27 39 17 32 42 29 34 30 31 Don't know 1 1 2 3 0 1 1 1 1 No answer 1 0 1 2 1 0 0 1 1 3 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Negotiations about organisation of overtime work Yes 63 56 60 41 46 60 58 62 76 57 75 69 58 76 No 36 44 40 59 52 36 42 30 24 43 25 28 42 24 No answer 1 0 2 4 8 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4335 26 1499 100 230 429 74 207 179 296 552 285 332 126 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2993 24 890 48 82 292 38 125 176 195 491 189 361 83 Choice of overtime workers Selected 18 12 15 23 19 18 27 18 22 22 23 21 11 28 Volunteers 45 38 48 30 40 54 39 43 35 46 43 35 46 41 Both 33 50 34 45 39 24 21 35 39 26 31 35 39 29 Don't know 2 1 0 1 1 10 2 1 3 2 4 2 2 No answer 2 1 2 1 3 3 3 3 3 1 5 3 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2146 13 739 70 119 194 39 119 98 140 286 138 126 65 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1539 15 442 32 47 122 18 65 107 94 264 105 180 47 Refusal of overtime work possible Yes 72 88 82 77 87 77 43 69 59 69 64 83 54 69 No 25 12 15 21 13 19 50 28 32 29 33 14 41 22 Don't know 3 1 1 0 3 6 3 9 1 2 1 4 9 No answer 1 2 1 2 2 0 1 1 2 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4335 26 1499 100 230 429 74 207 179 296 552 285 332 126 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2993 24 890 48 82 292 38 125 176 195 491 189 361 83 Payment or time off for overtime work Paid for 14 9 18 9 26 23 31 22 8 14 8 19 3 12 Compensated by time off 23 25 14 8 15 16 32 17 22 23 28 32 39 34 Both - extra-payment or compensation by time off 60 65 67 81 59 58 35 59 66 57 62 39 56 54 Neither - nor 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 5 1 11 1 0 No answer 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2429 13 893 73 127 231 33 120 103 154 318 117 188 59 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1809 16 595 39 48 169 13 73 117 111 306 73 204 44 If both is possible: most common compensation By payment 24 8 30 23 36 30 30 28 26 20 19 25 13 14 By time off 38 11 30 32 20 28 13 25 47 39 44 50 55 53 Both alternatives are of approximately the same importance 35 80 38 38 44 40 57 42 26 39 34 22 26 30 No answer 3 2 6 0 2 4 1 3 3 3 6 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 26 1022 52 98 358 46 148 196 230 577 237 405 91 Importance of overtime work issue Major issue 29 54 37 20 22 24 18 30 28 26 17 26 37 13 Minor issue 45 40 41 50 43 40 36 45 55 43 53 36 44 68 Not a topic at all 26 5 21 26 34 35 44 24 16 31 30 36 18 18 No answer 1 1 4 1 2 2 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Position of employee representation to overtime work Aims to reduce overtime in general 34 23 30 29 25 31 32 35 45 23 34 34 47 39 Accepts overtime hours to respond to workload peaks 50 67 56 59 58 44 39 39 49 57 48 41 45 50 Welcomes overt. hours as a means to earn some extra money 10 8 10 8 13 16 21 19 3 12 10 10 4 8 No answer 6 3 4 4 4 9 8 7 3 9 8 15 4 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 26 1022 52 98 358 46 148 196 230 577 237 405 91 Employees aged 50 years or older Yes 97 100 98 100 97 95 93 94 99 96 98 96 99 98 No 2 0 2 0 2 5 7 6 1 4 2 3 1 2 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4980 28 1695 107 259 505 87 225 197 350 658 344 379 146 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3396 26 1004 51 96 339 43 139 194 221 565 229 401 88 Phased retirement offered Yes 45 60 37 45 27 37 38 40 49 40 57 60 59 29 No 50 39 60 50 63 55 56 52 48 54 38 32 38 65 No answer 5 1 4 5 10 8 6 8 3 6 6 8 3 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1833 6 514 39 72 157 23 82 85 132 274 206 197 46 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1534 15 368 23 26 127 16 55 94 89 321 137 237 26 Employer encourages/tries to prevent from phased retirement Encourages 29 8 35 40 36 29 27 19 37 19 28 30 20 30 Tries to prevent them 14 31 13 18 14 11 37 18 10 12 13 17 11 33 Neither - nor 55 60 50 43 49 55 36 60 52 65 55 50 66 37 No answer 3 2 1 5 3 1 5 4 3 3 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 26 1022 52 98 358 46 148 196 230 577 237 405 91 Possibility of early retirement Yes 62 69 62 77 58 55 72 67 74 53 60 66 65 66 No 32 31 34 23 35 34 19 25 22 37 34 24 31 28 No answer 6 0 4 8 11 10 8 4 9 6 10 4 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2965 17 966 81 138 278 61 163 128 197 401 222 224 89 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2169 18 631 40 57 198 33 99 144 123 347 156 264 60 Employer encourages/tries to prevent from early retirement Encourages 35 40 42 50 39 28 46 35 45 31 22 35 30 29 Tries to prevent them 13 31 12 9 18 10 16 17 8 10 16 6 19 22 Neither - nor 49 29 44 39 41 59 33 43 47 56 58 56 48 49 No answer 3 2 1 1 3 5 5 0 3 5 3 3 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 909 7 374 31 34 79 22 51 49 52 83 52 54 21 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 753 7 268 20 22 56 15 35 65 37 77 55 78 17 Encouraging early retirement In order to cope with problems of decreasing productivity or poor health 34 9 39 3 50 20 67 39 29 62 27 35 27 11 In order to reduce the average age of the workforce 34 2 36 10 48 42 40 38 22 31 36 31 33 30 In order to reduce staff 55 86 57 71 37 44 18 49 77 30 48 55 56 82 Other reasons 30 3 26 39 7 34 18 41 23 35 35 35 44 23 Don't know 2 2 0 1 5 2 1 0 4 No answer 0 1 0 1 Total (Multiple responses) 155 100 161 124 143 146 144 168 153 159 145 156 159 150






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 26 1022 52 98 358 46 148 196 230 577 237 405 91 Initiatives to improve work-life balance A general reduction in weekly working hours 44 23 46 50 44 43 41 50 39 36 45 47 46 39 Introduce or extend flexi-time or working time accounts 53 64 51 52 42 51 34 48 57 57 57 43 61 65 Introduce or extend long-term leave options 41 31 39 37 32 37 38 41 52 44 42 38 45 49 Reduce overtime or introduce time-off in lieu 49 36 51 46 44 42 59 54 57 54 42 34 65 51 Introduce or extend opportunities to work part-time 47 31 48 41 28 47 51 39 52 52 49 33 52 47 Introduce or extend opportunities for phased retirement 61 26 65 51 55 56 70 61 62 59 55 54 75 64 Introduce or extend opportunities for early retirement 62 43 67 55 59 52 63 70 64 62 56 59 71 58 Better possibilities to change to normal working hours 33 49 41 27 10 35 40 41 12 23 24 14 51 35 Others 9 8 12 11 8 22 10 7 6 7 9 14 9 No actions needed 4 18 4 11 5 6 2 1 1 4 5 6 1 3 No answer 2 1 2 1 3 2 0 1 1 1 5 1 1 Total (Multiple responses) 406 321 422 385 329 379 421 414 406 398 383 343 482 420






Base (unweighted) 3774 19 1342 73 193 376 66 182 159 246 468 230 315 105 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2764 17 833 36 72 255 34 122 171 180 439 164 366 77 Most desirable working time initiative A general reduction in weekly working hours 20 6 21 24 17 20 26 28 20 15 18 25 21 13 Introduce or extend flexi-time or working time accounts 29 34 28 32 29 23 13 20 31 27 35 23 32 49 Introduce or extend long-term leave options 4 0 4 4 4 8 3 4 10 4 4 3 2 Reduce overtime or introduce time-off in lieu 10 1 13 11 8 8 24 14 10 14 4 7 11 8 Introduce or extend opportunities to work part-time 7 1 5 6 5 12 6 6 17 9 8 5 2 4 Introduce or extend opportunities for phased retirement 12 27 12 17 14 12 2 7 7 9 13 15 11 13 Introduce or extend opportunities for early retirement 9 17 10 2 16 9 9 10 9 6 12 11 5 6 Better possibilities to change to normal working hours 5 13 5 3 9 2 9 4 5 3 7 4 Others 3 2 3 7 2 10 3 3 1 6 7 1 No answer 1 0 2 0 1 0 2 2 1 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 26 1022 52 98 358 46 148 196 230 577 237 405 91 Work-life balance in the establishment Very easy 9 4 7 19 11 9 11 6 7 14 15 11 6 13 Quite easy 56 35 58 63 52 54 34 53 62 51 67 53 43 58 Quite difficult 26 36 27 14 29 27 29 30 24 28 13 25 38 22 Very difficult 6 6 6 3 7 7 21 9 5 6 2 5 13 7 No answer 3 18 2 1 1 3 6 2 2 1 4 5 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1580 13 554 18 75 174 48 101 44 103 143 111 151 45 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1116 11 335 9 35 120 23 58 56 79 86 72 206 26 Reason for difficulties with work-life balance Nature of work 60 83 56 19 72 55 69 73 40 59 54 81 64 68 Employer's attitude 11 3 11 24 7 16 10 5 9 16 18 7 9 9 Both of equal importance 26 14 31 55 21 26 18 22 36 24 23 8 27 23 No answer 2 0 2 2 1 3 2 0 15 1 4 4 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 26 1022 52 98 358 46 148 196 230 577 237 405 91 Work-life balance as task of the company 0 = It is not at all the task ... 1 1 2 3 0 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 0 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 2 5 0 0 6 1 3 0 1 2 1 0 3 3 1 3 6 3 1 2 4 3 4 5 2 7 4 5 5 5 2 6 4 7 7 5 7 2 8 4 7 5 25 26 24 39 34 25 19 20 24 23 26 18 28 25 6 12 24 13 17 7 8 10 12 17 12 13 10 10 13 7 17 5 17 14 20 19 8 20 18 18 15 20 19 10 8 20 35 19 13 14 20 8 19 17 22 28 20 13 17 9 3 0 2 1 2 4 3 2 1 2 2 2 5 2 10 = The company should definitely consider ... 12 14 5 8 13 33 16 8 9 7 11 15 16 No answer 1 1 1 0 4 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 6,5 6,2 6,7 5,9 6,1 6,6 7,0 6,8 6,2 6,4 6,5 6,4 6,6 6,4






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 26 1022 52 98 358 46 148 196 230 577 237 405 91 Relationship management - employee representation Very co-operative 25 7 22 27 22 27 23 18 29 24 27 40 27 17 Quite co-operative 54 75 58 57 58 55 62 63 51 57 49 44 48 50 Quite strained 16 17 15 8 14 13 12 15 17 14 19 11 19 25 Very strained 4 1 5 8 5 2 3 4 3 4 3 3 5 2 No answer 1 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 1 2 0 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Employee-related problems High absenteeism and/or sickness rate 30 46 33 14 15 32 24 41 13 19 27 23 45 23 Difficulties in finding staff for skilled jobs 38 71 40 34 50 37 34 39 29 43 30 37 48 25 Difficulties in finding staff for low skilled or unskilled jobs 10 6 10 11 20 13 25 15 10 10 8 10 7 7 Difficulties in retaining staff 17 8 17 9 13 25 24 20 13 20 17 8 19 12 A need to reduce staff levels 33 32 32 27 21 22 11 26 43 30 39 33 35 47 Low motivation of staff 34 17 38 30 33 36 25 36 37 30 34 22 34 29 Other problems 24 42 26 23 15 13 13 17 35 17 24 18 33 20 No problems 18 7 15 25 29 23 33 16 14 18 19 30 12 18 No answer 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 Total (Multiple responses) 204 230 212 174 197 202 187 211 195 187 199 180 232 182






Base (unweighted) 5232 29 1768 108 281 546 98 240 205 370 681 363 389 154 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 26 1022 52 98 358 46 148 196 230 577 237 405 91 Proportion of trade union members None 4 3 2 4 6 11 4 4 6 2 3 2 7 Less than 20% 31 3 24 18 32 33 40 22 45 47 28 24 47 37 20% to less than 40% 20 27 20 20 15 22 16 15 21 14 26 22 21 8 40% to less than 60% 16 18 21 21 15 16 17 14 8 8 16 14 11 18 60% to less than 80% 11 14 16 27 8 6 7 22 11 8 11 11 3 5 80% to less than 100% 11 37 11 10 15 9 7 16 8 10 12 15 8 12 All 4 1 3 2 9 3 1 4 1 4 3 8 3 8 Don't know 3 1 1 5 1 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 No answer 0 0 1 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Respondent is trade union member Yes 82 100 85 95 75 79 80 84 79 68 87 84 81 73 No 17 0 14 5 25 21 20 16 21 32 13 16 19 23 No answer 0 0 0 0 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100




Tables by size-class

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(ESWT 2004/2005)

Tables by size-class

prepared by




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Preface












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This volume contains cross-tabulations showing the distribution of the answers to all questions in the management (MM) and the employee representative (ER) questionnaires of the ESWT. All results are shown in a breakdown by size-class (table head 3). Data are representative for all non-agricultural establishments with 10 or more employees in the countries surveyed.2 This volume of cross-tabulations includes two different sets of cross-tabulations: − The first set shows the survey results in an establishment proportional perspective. The


− The second set shows the survey results in an employee proportional perspective. The table number in the upper right corner is amended by the suffix “-EMP”. These tables were calculated by using the employee proportional weighting factor (“emp_wei”) which redresses the net sample so that the distribution of employees over the 10 cells of the stratification matrix used for sampling (see chapter 3 of the Technical Report) is reproduced. Analyses based on employee proportional weighted data allow to make statements of the following type: “Y % of all employees covered by this survey3 work in establishments which have part-timers among their staff”.4 Since many employees work in large establishments, analyses of this type are more influenced by the situation in larger units than does the establishment proportional analysis.

Many of the questions asked in the ESWT-questionnaire were not addressed to all respondents but to certain subgroups only (e.g. respondents in establishments with part-time work). When interpreting the indicated percentages, it is therefore necessary to carefully check the definition of the group which had to answer a certain question. The definition of the group representing 100% for each question is indicated above each table in the line “base”. Tables are sorted in the order of the questions in the questionnaires.

2 Apart from Agriculture and Fishing (NACE A+B) the survey did not include Private Households


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Table numbers in the upper right corner (e.g. MM-EST 3.01) indicate − whether results refer to the management or the employee representative questionnaire


proportional weighting factor (“-EST” or “–EMP”), − the number of the table heading (the cross tabulation by size-class has the number “3”), − a consecutive number for the table (e.g. “.01”).

2. Tables




Country


Column percent Total Number of employees 10 - 19 20 - 49 50 - 99 100 - 149 150 - 199 200 - 249 250 - 299 300 - 399 400 - 499 500 +

Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Country Belgium 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 Denmark 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 Germany 21 20 20 20 26 22 27 21 22 23 27 Greece 2 3 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 Spain 8 8 8 7 7 10 8 7 9 6 7 France 13 13 13 13 12 10 8 14 16 15 13 Ireland 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Italy 11 12 11 10 10 14 11 8 6 7 7 Luxembourg 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Netherlands 4 3 4 5 3 3 3 3 6 4 4 Austria 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Portugal 3 4 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 Finland 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 Sweden 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 United Kingdom 14 13 15 17 15 17 15 15 16 23 15 Czech Republic 3 3 3 2 2 1 3 3 2 1 3 Cyprus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Latvia 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 Hungary 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Poland 7 7 8 8 7 6 7 11 7 5 7 Slovenia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Sector of activity



Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Sector of activity Mining and quarrying (NACE C) 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 Manufacturing industries (NACE D) 22 20 23 22 26 30 27 35 28 31 30 Electricity, gas and water supply (NACE E) 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Construction (NACE F) 7 8 7 6 5 5 5 3 2 4 2 Retail, repair (NACE G) 22 25 20 15 14 16 17 15 16 18 10 Hotels and restaurants (NACE H) 6 6 6 4 3 4 3 3 1 1 2 Transport, storage and communication (NACE I) 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 7 5 4 5 Financial intermediation (NACE J) 3 3 3 3 6 5 8 4 5 4 6 Real estate, renting and business activities (NACE K) 10 11 10 10 10 9 8 9 10 6 8 Public administration (NACE L) 7 6 7 11 9 7 11 9 13 16 16 Education (NACE M) 6 5 8 11 6 6 3 3 2 3 3 Health and social work (NACE N) 6 5 7 7 9 9 10 8 14 9 15 Other community, social and personal services (NACE O) 4 5 4 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Type of establishment Single site 65 70 64 54 50 48 47 47 46 43 47 Multi-site: headquarters 13 10 13 18 26 26 26 23 25 23 27 Multi-site: subsidiaries 20 18 21 24 22 24 25 27 25 30 22 No answer (MM100) 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 1 2 2 2 No answer (MM101) 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 2 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Number of employees 10 - 19 employees 54 100 20 - 49 employees 30 100 50 - 199 employees 13 100 100 100 200 - 499 employees 2 100 100 100 100 500 and more employees 1 100 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Female proportion None at all 3 4 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Less than 20% 29 30 30 29 24 25 22 24 18 18 18 20% to less than 40% 16 16 16 16 17 21 18 21 17 24 18 40% to less than 60% 19 18 19 20 26 24 26 23 31 25 27 60% to less than 80% 14 13 14 17 19 19 21 21 19 23 24 80% to less than 100% 15 14 17 17 12 10 11 9 13 7 10 All 3 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Skilled jobs None at all 8 9 7 4 2 3 3 4 2 2 1 Less than 20% 16 15 18 18 16 15 14 13 15 12 10 20% to less than 40% 12 11 12 13 14 15 15 16 12 13 13 40% to less than 60% 11 11 11 12 12 12 11 14 11 12 10 60% to less than 80% 11 10 12 13 14 19 14 17 16 18 19 80% to less than 100% 19 17 20 23 28 23 29 23 30 27 31 All 22 26 19 16 13 12 11 11 11 11 11 No answer 1 0 1 1 2 2 3 2 3 4 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Groups of employees Fixed-term contracts or temporary contracts 58 51 60 73 83 82 83 86 87 87 88 Temporary agency workers 23 16 25 36 41 48 43 46 49 53 52 Freelancers 17 15 18 20 24 28 24 29 28 30 32 None of these 30 37 27 16 9 7 10 6 6 5 6 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 128 119 130 146 157 166 160 168 170 176 179 Employee-related problems High absenteeism and/or sickness rate 14 10 15 20 23 29 24 33 35 36 33 Difficulties in finding staff for skilled jobs 34 34 34 36 37 43 31 40 35 38 39 Difficulties in finding staff for low skilled or unskilled jobs 13 14 13 14 10 14 9 12 9 10 9 Difficulties in retaining staff 8 8 8 10 9 11 10 12 10 11 11 A need to reduce staff levels 16 14 17 19 23 23 23 20 27 32 33 Low motivation of staff 14 13 15 18 20 20 12 20 17 15 19 Other problems 7 7 7 7 6 8 7 9 9 8 11 No problems 40 44 39 33 32 26 34 30 25 20 24 No answer 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 Total (Multiple responses) 149 144 149 157 161 174 152 175 168 172 179






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Working time agreements Yes 60 55 61 69 71 72 76 77 76 78 83 No 39 44 37 30 28 27 23 23 24 19 16 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Weekly working hours Less than 30 hours 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 30 to less than 35 hours 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 35 hours 12 11 11 13 13 15 9 17 20 15 18 More than 35 to less than 40 hours 35 33 35 41 47 45 50 46 46 55 49 40 hours 45 47 45 38 35 36 34 36 29 26 28 More than 40 hours 5 6 5 4 4 2 4 0 2 2 2 No answer 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 38,6 38,8 38,5 38,2 38,3 38,0 38,3 38,0 37,9 37,9 37,9






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Economic situation Very good 16 15 17 17 15 21 15 17 19 17 21 Quite good 64 65 65 59 66 59 63 59 57 60 54 Quite bad 12 13 11 13 11 11 9 12 11 9 15 Very bad 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 No answer 6 5 5 9 5 7 9 10 9 11 8 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Size of workforce Increased 35 32 37 39 36 38 34 38 36 40 37 Decreased 23 23 21 24 28 27 34 30 29 29 35 Stayed about the same 42 44 41 36 35 34 31 31 34 30 28 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Public sector Yes 23 20 24 31 30 25 28 21 30 35 37 No 77 80 76 69 70 74 71 78 68 63 62 No answer 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 3053 921 775 390 198 114 118 87 112 53 285 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 227 127 67 14 8 4 2 1 1 1 2 Ownership Domestic 90 92 90 88 74 78 75 68 55 54 56 Foreign 8 6 9 9 17 17 20 26 37 41 39 Equal parts / no majority ownership 2 1 1 2 7 4 4 4 3 2 Don't know 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 4 2 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4080 1109 985 636 253 128 175 126 169 74 425 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 352 187 110 28 11 5 2 2 2 1 3 Existance before 1989/91 Existed before 1989/91 46 40 50 57 54 46 61 67 60 69 74 Newly founded since 1989/91 54 59 50 42 46 54 38 32 38 31 25 Don't know 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 No answer 0 0 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Variations of workload Within the same day 21 21 21 18 16 18 17 19 24 21 18 From day to day within a normal working week 33 34 32 29 28 29 29 31 33 33 29 Within a year, e.g. seasonal variations 47 47 47 48 51 49 51 54 53 55 49 None of these 29 28 30 31 29 32 29 27 25 28 31 No answer 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 Total (Multiple responses) 130 131 130 128 125 129 127 132 136 139 128






Base (unweighted) 7420 2006 2100 1129 456 249 277 173 295 174 561 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1074 602 319 76 30 17 6 4 8 4 7 Foreseeability of daily/weekly workload variations Mostly foreseeable 40 38 41 48 45 52 49 43 42 48 42 Mostly not foreseeable 42 45 39 34 40 27 30 29 28 33 32 Both of equal importance 17 16 20 18 15 21 21 28 30 20 25 No answer 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Arrangements mostly used for coping with daily/weekly workload peaks Asking regular staff to work more hours 65 63 66 64 71 66 73 69 71 78 70 Employing staff on call, agency workers or freelancers 24 19 26 34 36 36 34 42 42 51 40 Outsourcing tasks to other firms 17 16 18 16 16 16 17 13 14 18 20 Employing part-time staff for peak hours or peak days 23 20 23 29 29 39 38 34 31 40 39 Others 14 13 16 17 14 10 14 8 18 15 19 None 8 10 6 5 2 4 5 4 2 1 3 Don't know 0 1 0 0 0 0 No answer 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 151 144 156 165 169 173 181 172 179 203 192






Base (unweighted) 10153 2510 2671 1642 716 398 415 276 431 250 844 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1266 675 374 103 47 25 9 6 10 7 10 Foreseeability of annual variations Mostly foreseeable 68 67 69 71 70 69 70 76 70 73 68 Mostly not foreseeable 20 22 18 15 17 18 15 13 16 14 16 Both of equal importance 12 11 13 13 13 12 14 11 14 13 16 No answer 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Arrangements mostly used for coping with workload peaks within a year Asking regular staff to work more hours 63 62 63 65 68 66 73 62 71 77 71 Employing staff on call, agency workers or freelancers 29 25 31 38 37 36 37 44 40 45 43 Employing additional staff with fixed-term contracts 32 27 33 40 45 48 46 53 55 63 54 Outsourcing tasks to other firms 18 17 20 19 17 20 17 18 16 26 21 Asking staff to postpone holidays 27 26 27 25 31 27 25 32 30 33 32 Others 14 14 13 12 13 15 12 12 17 15 18 None 5 6 4 3 3 2 3 1 0 0 2 Don't know 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Total (Multiple responses) 188 178 191 202 215 215 213 221 229 261 242






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Part-time proportion None at all 36 45 31 21 17 19 16 13 11 11 10 Less than 20% 39 32 43 54 57 57 53 61 56 53 54 20% to less than 40% 11 11 10 10 13 12 17 14 15 19 20 40% to less than 60% 6 6 6 7 7 4 6 5 7 5 8 60% to less than 80% 4 3 5 4 3 4 4 4 8 9 4 80% to less than 100% 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 All 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 Don't know 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13404 2550 3321 2309 1035 589 646 401 681 385 1487 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1700 796 547 168 77 40 15 10 17 10 19 Forms of part-time work Some fixed hours every day 69 67 68 74 76 79 78 81 76 78 75 Other fixed cycles, e.g. some fixed days of the week in full-time, the other days off 38 36 36 43 47 50 55 57 59 62 61 Flexible working hours which are fixed a few days or hours in advance according to the establishment's needs 27 25 28 25 28 26 33 31 31 34 38 Other forms of part-time work 7 6 7 9 10 10 16 13 16 15 18 Don't know 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Total (Multiple responses) 142 134 140 152 161 165 182 182 183 191 194






Base (unweighted) 13404 2550 3321 2309 1035 589 646 401 681 385 1487 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1700 796 547 168 77 40 15 10 17 10 19 Reasons for introducing part-time work Mainly the needs of the establishment 34 39 34 27 24 24 18 20 22 15 16 Mainly the wishes of the employees 39 35 38 47 48 49 51 48 54 47 50 Both of equal importance 21 20 21 21 22 24 25 24 20 33 30 Mainly because of other reasons 5 5 5 4 5 2 4 5 2 3 3 Don't know 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Proportion of male part-timers None at all 55 61 55 46 46 35 33 32 29 26 19 Less than 20% 24 18 24 30 35 40 41 43 47 48 56 20% to less than 40% 5 5 4 7 5 8 8 8 9 11 9 40% to less than 60% 7 6 8 8 8 9 9 8 8 9 5 60% to less than 80% 2 1 2 2 1 3 1 2 1 2 2 80% to less than 100% 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 All 5 6 4 4 2 2 3 2 1 0 1 No answer 1 0 0 1 1 1 3 3 2 3 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13404 2550 3321 2309 1035 589 646 401 681 385 1487 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1700 796 547 168 77 40 15 10 17 10 19 Part-timers are ... Mothers with pre-school and school-age children 65 59 66 70 78 75 84 79 86 88 84 Women without children or mothers with grown-up children 51 49 53 53 54 52 59 56 59 61 59 Fathers 21 17 20 29 24 33 36 36 37 39 45 People who take care of elderly, ill or disabled family relatives 9 6 9 12 15 19 19 24 27 37 38 Students or pupils 18 15 19 22 25 27 28 28 32 32 29 Disabled persons or workers with poor health 17 11 18 22 28 32 36 44 38 46 49 Young people early in their working lives 20 20 21 21 18 21 21 22 23 25 22 Others 12 13 11 12 11 10 13 9 13 8 14 Don't know 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 4 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 Total (Multiple responses) 216 191 219 243 255 271 298 300 318 340 346 Change from part-time into full-time He or she usually gets an appr. full-time job quickly 27 25 28 28 35 32 34 36 36 36 36 He or she has to wait for some time 26 23 26 29 31 32 31 37 41 39 42 It would be possible only exceptionally 18 19 17 18 17 15 16 14 13 13 12 There is practically no chance 18 22 18 14 8 10 10 7 4 4 4 Not applicable, has never happened 9 9 9 8 7 10 7 5 5 6 3 No answer 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Change from full-time into part-time in skilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 23 20 25 31 31 29 35 32 33 39 39 He or she has to wait for some time 18 16 20 23 26 26 25 27 31 30 32 It would be possible only exceptionally 23 23 23 23 23 21 22 21 21 17 17 There is practically no chance 18 22 16 11 8 11 8 9 6 7 4 Not applicable, has never happened 15 17 14 10 9 9 7 9 6 5 5 No answer 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from full-time into part-time in unskilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 24 20 26 32 33 30 37 39 41 45 43 He or she has to wait for some time 15 13 16 19 21 24 19 21 24 22 25 It would be possible only exceptionally 16 16 16 14 16 17 17 12 13 11 11 There is practically no chance 17 20 15 11 10 10 10 12 8 9 6 Not applicable, has never happened 25 28 24 21 17 17 13 14 11 11 12 No answer 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 2 3 3 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13404 2550 3321 2309 1035 589 646 401 681 385 1487 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1700 796 547 168 77 40 15 10 17 10 19 Motivation of part-time workers More motivated 10 11 9 8 11 9 11 12 11 10 13 Less motivated 9 10 9 9 9 8 5 7 6 6 7 No difference 79 77 80 81 77 80 81 80 81 82 77 Don't know 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 1 3 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Promotion prospects of part-time workers Better than those of a full-timer with comparable qual. 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 About the same 61 61 62 60 58 57 57 61 57 60 58 Slightly worse 16 14 16 19 24 26 26 23 28 24 28 Significantly worse 11 11 10 12 11 11 12 11 9 10 10 Don't know 5 5 5 4 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 No answer 6 7 6 4 4 3 2 1 2 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Part-time makes work organisation Easier 19 20 20 20 15 15 16 14 19 15 15 More complicated 29 28 28 31 36 35 37 42 38 41 42 No difference 49 50 50 48 46 48 45 43 42 42 40 Don't know 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 2 1 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Unusual working hours At night between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. 19 12 21 28 38 48 48 54 57 56 66 On Saturdays 38 35 39 41 46 56 52 55 61 63 69 On Sundays 24 19 25 29 35 48 40 45 52 53 60 None of these 57 61 56 52 45 34 38 33 31 30 22 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 139 129 141 151 165 185 179 187 200 202 218






Base (unweighted) 6285 622 1117 1001 565 372 395 277 460 274 1202 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 506 175 165 61 35 24 9 6 11 7 14 Proportion work at night Less than 20% 50 41 52 62 58 57 57 66 51 52 52 20% to less than 40% 21 20 20 21 25 19 19 18 25 26 21 40% to less than 60% 12 13 12 8 8 11 12 9 10 9 14 60% to less than 80% 6 6 6 4 6 8 7 5 9 5 7 80% to less than 100% 4 6 4 3 1 3 2 1 2 4 3 All 6 12 5 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 No answer 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 0 2 4 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 8667 1651 2009 1288 638 407 416 276 489 292 1201 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1025 508 309 87 43 28 9 6 12 7 15 Proportion work on Saturdays Less than 20% 34 29 36 44 43 42 37 46 38 44 45 20% to less than 40% 18 18 15 18 20 19 22 17 19 21 20 40% to less than 60% 13 13 13 11 14 14 13 10 11 9 15 60% to less than 80% 8 7 8 6 10 12 14 10 18 10 11 80% to less than 100% 9 10 10 9 5 6 6 12 8 8 5 All 18 23 17 11 6 4 5 3 4 3 2 No answer 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 4 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 6133 905 1256 910 483 336 324 228 400 242 1049 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 630 272 197 63 33 24 7 5 10 6 13 Proportion work on Sundays Less than 20% 36 30 37 45 46 47 39 52 38 50 47 20% to less than 40% 18 18 16 16 24 17 25 20 21 20 19 40% to less than 60% 13 13 13 12 11 15 13 11 14 11 17 60% to less than 80% 7 7 7 6 9 9 11 7 15 11 10 80% to less than 100% 9 10 10 9 4 6 7 6 5 3 4 All 15 20 16 8 5 4 3 1 2 1 2 No answer 2 2 1 3 1 3 2 3 4 5 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Employees with changing working hours Yes 23 18 25 29 37 44 41 47 51 46 58 No 76 82 74 70 62 55 57 53 48 53 41 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 6309 897 1308 999 520 349 338 239 404 233 1022 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 623 259 204 63 34 22 8 5 10 5 12 Proportion with changing working hours Less than 20% 25 21 26 31 31 28 28 37 29 32 30 20% to less than 40% 19 19 18 19 19 23 16 18 20 19 19 40% to less than 60% 15 16 14 15 16 15 24 17 18 15 22 60% to less than 80% 13 10 13 14 17 22 19 16 22 19 19 80% to less than 100% 12 11 14 10 13 9 10 8 8 7 7 All 15 21 13 10 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 4 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Notification period Less than 1 day 7 10 7 6 3 2 3 5 2 1 2 1 to 3 days 10 11 10 10 11 4 5 6 5 5 4 4 days to less than 2 weeks 24 25 25 23 23 23 22 19 20 15 15 2 weeks to less than 1 month 17 16 17 20 19 16 19 22 22 25 20 1 month or more 35 32 36 34 40 49 49 43 48 51 54 Don't know 3 2 3 4 3 4 1 2 2 2 2 No answer 3 4 2 3 1 1 2 4 1 2 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from shift to normal working hours He/she gets an appr. job during usual work. hours quickly 10 12 10 9 7 5 7 6 9 7 4 He/she has to wait for some time 15 11 15 18 25 22 22 27 22 29 29 It would be possible only exceptionally 26 22 25 30 31 40 35 40 32 31 41 There is practically no chance 35 37 39 31 27 26 28 18 33 25 18 Not applicable, has never happened 11 14 11 9 7 7 7 5 3 5 5 No answer 2 3 2 3 3 0 1 3 1 3 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Flexible working time arrangements Yes 48 47 47 48 55 55 56 52 61 64 62 No 51 52 53 51 43 42 42 46 37 33 37 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 3 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 10220 2399 2546 1591 740 403 452 257 484 281 1067 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1286 683 372 103 51 28 10 6 12 8 13 Proportion flexible working hours Less than 20% 22 19 25 26 27 27 21 35 23 20 21 20% to less than 40% 12 11 11 12 13 18 14 12 19 15 19 40% to less than 60% 8 8 9 9 8 7 11 8 12 8 10 60% to less than 80% 5 6 4 6 6 6 5 2 8 12 10 80% to less than 100% 8 6 8 9 12 9 12 18 11 13 13 All 41 44 39 33 31 27 35 23 24 26 24 No answer 5 5 4 6 4 6 3 1 3 6 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Rationale for introduction of flexible working hours To reduce paid overtime hours 14 12 14 13 21 23 21 18 23 25 24 To make working hours more adaptable to variations in workloads 47 46 46 45 56 52 61 58 51 58 57 To enable employees to better combine work and family or personal life 68 68 67 67 73 74 71 68 73 78 80 To cope with commuting problems 22 20 23 25 27 30 25 31 33 29 29 Other reasons 9 9 9 10 8 9 12 9 12 12 13 Don't know 3 3 3 4 3 5 4 3 3 4 3 No answer 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 Total (Multiple responses) 166 161 165 168 190 195 196 189 196 206 207






Base (unweighted) 10220 2399 2546 1591 740 403 452 257 484 281 1067 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1286 683 372 103 51 28 10 6 12 8 13 Effects of flexible working hours A reduction of paid overtime hours 22 20 21 23 33 30 31 28 32 35 36 A better adaptation of working hours to the workloads 54 52 54 56 64 64 65 62 62 59 67 Lower absenteeism 27 25 29 30 31 29 27 32 32 35 33 Higher degree of job satisfaction 61 60 61 63 67 68 66 67 65 66 71 Other positive effects 20 21 19 20 20 21 27 20 20 21 27 Problems of internal and external communication due to varied working times 10 9 11 13 15 9 12 10 10 13 14 Increased costs 5 5 5 6 5 5 7 6 4 9 9 Other negative effects 4 3 4 4 5 4 5 6 6 5 8 Don't know 5 6 5 5 5 7 4 4 3 5 4 No answer 5 5 5 4 4 3 5 4 5 5 2 Total (Multiple responses) 214 206 214 225 249 239 249 239 238 253 270 Accumulation of hours Yes 67 66 67 69 72 74 77 76 70 76 78 No 30 31 31 29 26 24 20 22 28 21 19 No answer 3 4 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 7143 1594 1710 1076 534 306 339 197 344 207 836 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 861 448 248 70 37 21 8 4 8 6 10 Accumulated hours for full days off Yes 79 78 79 79 83 84 85 88 82 83 84 No 20 22 20 20 17 16 15 12 18 17 16 No answer 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5588 1229 1325 828 429 246 272 160 266 161 672 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 679 348 196 56 30 17 7 4 7 5 9 Accumulated hours for longer periods of leave Yes 51 51 51 48 52 53 52 52 56 52 58 No 47 47 48 50 46 45 47 48 42 48 42 No answer 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Proportion working overtime Nobody 24 29 22 16 11 12 11 9 8 7 7 Less than 20% 26 23 28 30 30 29 29 38 29 30 32 20% to less than 40% 14 13 14 16 17 18 14 15 19 17 19 40% to less than 60% 10 8 10 11 14 13 16 12 13 14 13 60% to less than 80% 6 5 7 7 10 11 13 10 7 8 7 80% to less than 100% 6 5 7 8 8 6 6 7 9 9 7 All 11 14 10 7 5 4 4 3 4 3 3 Impossible to say, overtime hours are def. by end of year 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 3 3 Don't know 2 1 2 3 4 4 3 3 5 7 8 No answer 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 16493 3608 4254 2724 1237 700 721 467 749 435 1598 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2014 1013 622 179 82 44 16 10 18 11 19 Forms of overtime work Only exceptionally 64 67 63 58 57 59 54 60 59 54 59 Regularly 20 19 21 23 22 21 19 19 22 22 21 Both forms 14 13 15 17 18 18 23 20 17 21 19 Don't know 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5717 1081 1403 994 463 256 285 161 272 179 623 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 691 321 219 72 33 17 7 4 7 5 8 Proportion regular overtime work Practically all 19 24 16 14 10 6 8 9 10 6 8 Most 20 19 20 21 26 14 15 18 17 21 22 Some 26 23 26 31 29 34 34 31 38 27 34 Very few only 28 26 29 26 29 41 36 37 30 38 27 Don't know 3 4 1 2 3 2 5 3 3 5 4 No answer 5 4 7 7 3 3 3 1 3 3 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 16493 3608 4254 2724 1237 700 721 467 749 435 1598 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2014 1013 622 179 82 44 16 10 18 11 19 Choice of overtime workers Selected 23 23 23 23 20 19 16 20 15 14 16 Volunteers 44 45 42 43 42 40 42 42 47 45 42 Both 29 27 29 28 33 34 38 34 35 36 39 Don't know 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 1 No answer 3 3 3 4 2 3 1 1 1 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 8781 1831 2223 1460 686 383 391 260 410 230 907 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1030 507 326 91 44 24 9 5 9 5 11 Refusal of overtime work possible Yes 71 70 72 68 71 70 75 65 71 69 69 No 24 25 23 25 23 23 21 30 26 26 26 Don't know 3 3 3 4 5 4 2 3 3 3 3 No answer 2 2 2 3 1 3 2 2 1 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 16493 3608 4254 2724 1237 700 721 467 749 435 1598 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2014 1013 622 179 82 44 16 10 18 11 19 Payment or time off for overtime work Paid for 34 34 35 32 28 26 28 31 22 26 23 Compensated with time off 23 25 22 19 23 16 23 16 24 21 21 Both - payment or compensation with time off 39 36 38 45 46 54 49 52 52 51 53 Neither - nor 4 4 4 3 2 3 0 1 2 1 2 No answer 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 7425 1356 1686 1247 586 361 373 250 407 240 919 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 781 364 237 80 38 24 8 5 9 5 10 If both is possible: most common compensation By payment 30 31 29 32 24 33 28 31 29 28 28 By time off 28 27 28 29 31 31 36 26 28 24 32 Both alternatives are of approximately the same importance 41 41 42 37 43 35 35 41 40 46 38 No answer 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Employees in parental leave Yes 51 40 56 74 81 84 89 89 92 90 95 No 48 59 43 25 17 14 10 9 7 7 4 Don't know 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13697 2245 3194 2407 1156 655 737 456 757 432 1658 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1377 577 449 158 75 43 16 10 18 11 20 Men in parental leave Yes 30 27 28 32 36 43 42 43 48 50 60 No 69 72 72 67 62 55 57 56 52 49 39 No answer 1 0 1 0 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Behaviour after parental leave Resume work to same extent 44 44 45 42 41 48 39 43 41 34 43 Ask for reduced working hours 34 29 33 39 46 34 50 48 52 56 49 Do not return at all 10 10 11 10 7 11 7 6 4 5 4 Don't know 8 10 7 5 4 3 3 2 2 3 2 No answer 5 6 4 3 2 4 1 1 1 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13697 2245 3194 2407 1156 655 737 456 757 432 1658 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1377 577 449 158 75 43 16 10 18 11 20 Coping with absence due to parental leave By hiring new staff with fixed-term contracts 51 46 51 57 61 64 62 63 66 64 68 By employing temporary agency workers 13 10 13 16 17 17 21 21 19 27 22 By distributing work among the remaining employees 51 51 51 49 47 52 56 53 52 51 54 By giving work to subcontractors 4 4 3 4 2 1 4 2 2 3 4 By hiring new permanent staff 13 11 16 15 13 15 15 17 14 13 13 Other methods 5 5 5 4 5 8 8 3 4 9 8 Don't know 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 No answer 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 Total (Multiple responses) 138 130 139 146 145 157 166 159 157 169 169 Problems with parental leave Yes 11 12 12 10 12 9 11 9 10 13 11 No 88 88 88 89 87 90 89 91 90 86 88 No answer 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1652 282 400 248 140 56 92 49 98 60 227 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 155 67 52 16 9 4 2 1 2 1 2 Major problems related to parental leave Too many employees are absent because of parental leave 24 23 27 18 18 23 24 24 40 27 32 Difficulties in finding staff to replace absent workers 57 59 57 61 55 39 42 53 54 36 33 Lack of continuity of work 52 49 56 49 57 47 58 50 52 39 58 Uncertainty if or when persons on parental leave will return 44 41 48 40 43 50 56 51 47 50 49 Difficulties in re-integrating the returning staff 22 23 18 26 23 23 33 37 23 26 37 Other problems 21 26 15 15 17 26 32 24 19 24 32 Don't know 3 4 2 1 1 9 1 2 5 1 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 1 Total (Multiple responses) 223 226 224 210 215 216 246 239 241 205 242






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Training programmes for returning people Yes 22 20 23 27 28 32 33 31 33 36 40 No 71 72 70 68 68 65 62 66 64 59 57 Don't know 4 5 5 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 2 No answer 3 4 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Paid or unpaid long-term leave If employees have to care for elderly, ill or disabled persons in their families 37 33 37 46 47 51 52 53 54 59 61 For further education 36 33 37 46 44 45 50 51 52 55 57 For any other purpose 26 23 26 31 34 30 36 46 37 40 43 No long-term leaves 37 41 36 29 27 27 24 20 22 16 18 No answer 10 11 11 8 8 7 8 6 5 6 4 Total (Multiple responses) 147 141 147 160 159 160 170 176 170 177 184






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Employees younger than 30 years None at all 8 12 5 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 Less than 20% 35 35 38 37 30 30 31 23 29 25 31 20% to less than 40% 29 26 30 35 40 42 42 53 41 45 43 40% to less than 60% 16 16 17 16 20 16 17 12 19 16 13 60% to less than 80% 7 7 7 6 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 80% to less than 100% 3 4 3 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 All 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 1 0 1 2 3 5 4 5 5 7 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Employees 50 years or older None at all 13 19 8 3 2 1 2 2 0 1 1 Less than 20% 48 44 53 51 47 46 41 45 45 39 40 20% to less than 40% 25 23 23 28 35 35 41 36 37 43 37 40% to less than 60% 10 9 10 12 12 11 10 12 13 9 14 60% to less than 80% 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 80% to less than 100% 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 All 0 0 0 No answer 1 0 1 2 3 4 3 3 3 6 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 19306 4275 5162 3264 1428 799 823 508 837 474 1736 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2325 1164 733 207 91 50 18 11 19 12 21 Phased retirement offered Yes 37 33 38 43 47 46 51 52 58 61 56 No 53 56 51 49 47 47 42 45 38 33 40 No answer 11 11 12 9 6 7 7 4 4 6 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 7157 1301 1708 1207 563 318 342 230 399 244 845 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 854 379 276 88 43 23 9 6 11 7 12 Proportion of phased retirement Almost all 8 8 9 6 5 6 5 5 5 6 6 Most 3 3 3 5 5 4 4 6 7 11 9 Some 25 19 22 33 41 39 42 42 53 48 51 Practically nobody 60 65 62 52 45 48 45 43 31 31 29 Don't know 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 No answer 2 2 2 1 2 2 0 1 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Encouraging phased retirement Encourage 16 15 17 18 17 17 16 16 17 25 19 Try to prevent them 6 6 6 7 5 6 4 6 9 5 6 Neither - nor 74 74 73 72 75 75 79 76 73 68 74 No answer 4 5 4 3 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Possibility of early retirement Yes 48 43 52 57 57 59 63 62 67 69 68 No 38 40 36 33 35 35 33 35 29 27 28 No answer 14 17 13 9 7 5 5 3 4 4 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 11197 2303 2785 1905 829 475 513 329 567 325 1166 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 1288 617 412 123 53 30 11 7 13 8 14 Basis of early retirement Legal regulations 47 47 45 48 52 54 38 52 46 36 43 Collective agreement 27 27 28 25 28 26 34 28 25 29 32 Both 11 10 12 13 12 11 18 12 15 22 16 Neither - nor 9 10 9 9 5 8 6 5 10 7 6 Don't know 5 5 6 5 2 2 3 3 4 7 3 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Proportion with early retirement Almost all 8 6 8 10 13 13 17 13 14 13 17 Most 3 1 3 7 10 8 9 12 10 14 18 Some 21 16 21 30 36 37 43 36 42 41 43 Practically nobody 40 42 42 35 29 29 21 25 23 20 13 No experience yet 26 33 24 17 10 9 8 9 8 8 3 Don't know 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 5 2 3 5 No answer 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Encouraging early retirement Encourage 16 15 15 18 20 22 22 21 22 23 26 Try to prevent them 8 8 7 8 9 4 6 5 6 5 5 Neither - nor 71 70 73 70 70 72 70 69 70 69 66 No answer 5 7 5 3 2 2 2 5 2 3 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2038 328 436 337 173 100 115 69 136 61 283 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 208 94 62 22 10 6 2 1 3 2 4 Encouraging early retirement In order to cope with problems of decreasing productivity or poor health 42 46 35 44 48 43 42 35 32 41 37 In order to reduce the average age of the workforce 22 20 23 20 26 28 26 25 30 46 24 In order to reduce staff 27 22 23 36 39 52 43 39 40 64 56 Other reasons 38 36 44 38 31 25 28 37 34 36 30 Don't know 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 5 0 2 No answer 1 1 1 2 0 5 2 1 1 Total (Multiple responses) 132 128 128 140 145 150 146 140 139 187 150






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Support in domestic commitments Company kindergarten or crèche 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 7 5 10 Other forms of professional help for childcare, e.g. a company babysitting service 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 4 5 6 Professional help for household management, e.g. cleansing or shopping services 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 Others 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 3 5 6 6 None 92 92 92 91 91 91 89 91 84 82 80 No answer 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 Total (Multiple responses) 101 101 101 102 101 100 101 101 104 102 104 Work-life balance as task of company 0 = It is not at all the task ... 9 10 9 9 7 6 5 8 4 5 7 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 5 5 5 5 5 8 7 6 6 7 6 3 8 7 9 9 11 9 10 13 10 11 10 4 8 7 8 9 10 8 11 9 11 14 12 5 26 26 26 25 28 22 22 25 21 22 23 6 9 9 8 8 9 11 11 10 12 10 10 7 10 10 11 10 11 12 12 11 10 10 12 8 11 12 11 10 9 8 10 10 14 10 8 9 2 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 1 3 2 10 = The company should definetely ... 8 8 8 7 6 7 7 3 5 4 6 No answer 3 3 3 4 2 4 3 3 3 2 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 5,2 5,2 5,2 5,1 5,0 5,2 5,2 4,9 5,2 5,0 5,0






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Employee representation? Yes 32 20 36 58 69 76 76 78 84 82 88 No 67 79 64 41 31 23 23 21 15 17 11 No answer 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 10418 1189 2078 1936 975 598 619 399 703 381 1540 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 864 287 284 124 63 38 14 9 16 10 19 Employee representation information Information (name and/or telephone number) is given 64 60 63 66 71 66 76 72 72 72 73 Don't know, but OK to interview employee representative 17 19 17 17 13 17 11 11 13 15 13 Refused 17 19 18 15 15 15 13 16 15 11 12 Not asked (No answer in MM604/MM604b/MM604c/MM605/MM613) 2 2 2 2 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Further contact Yes, agrees 91 92 91 90 92 89 89 91 90 90 90 No, does not agree 7 7 7 8 6 9 9 6 8 9 8 No answer 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 2677 1438 800 214 92 51 18 11 20 12 21 Employee representative interview? Yes 14 9 15 27 35 35 40 38 40 43 48 ER exists, but no interview 18 12 20 32 33 40 36 40 44 39 41 No ER 67 79 64 41 31 23 23 21 15 17 11 No answer 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100


10






Base (unweighted) 3753 409 692 692 360 214 215 149 257 136 629 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 182 57 58 29 14 8 3 2 4 2 4 ER represents ... Whole workforce 51 52 50 49 49 52 50 54 56 54 53 Part only 49 47 49 50 50 47 49 46 43 45 47 No answer 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2057 201 366 410 207 114 126 81 140 83 329 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 88 27 29 15 7 4 1 1 2 1 2 Proportion represented Less than 20% 11 11 12 12 12 10 9 1 9 17 9 20% to less than 40% 23 20 22 22 21 37 32 18 28 30 33 40% to less than 60% 25 25 27 23 29 18 26 43 22 15 22 60% to less than 80% 22 17 23 25 29 19 23 28 30 17 21 80% or more 19 26 16 19 9 16 11 10 10 19 16 No answer 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 124 122 57 32 18 7 4 8 5 10 Part-time workers in establishment Yes 67 59 64 70 77 70 80 83 81 89 85 No 33 41 35 30 22 30 19 17 17 11 14 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 3262 272 521 580 327 191 225 137 252 158 599 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 258 73 79 39 25 13 6 3 6 5 9 Reasons for introducing part-time work Mainly the needs of the establishment 25 31 26 23 16 15 18 20 16 12 15 Mainly the wishes of the employees 48 44 46 48 53 57 47 61 55 44 47 Both of equal importance 22 16 23 24 26 19 30 8 23 39 33 Mainly because of other reasons 4 6 3 3 4 7 4 4 4 5 4 Don't know 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from part-time into full-time He or she usually gets an appr. full-time job quickly 23 19 22 29 29 26 20 27 26 24 23 He or she has to wait for some time 32 30 35 28 28 34 38 40 38 43 42 It would be possible only exceptionally 18 17 18 17 20 17 18 13 23 18 21 There is practically no chance 18 24 17 15 14 13 17 11 9 10 7 Not applicable, has never happened 8 10 6 9 6 10 6 2 4 2 3 No answer 1 0 2 2 2 0 1 6 0 3 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 124 122 57 32 18 7 4 8 5 10 Change from full-time into part-time in skilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 24 23 24 24 27 19 30 31 21 31 29 He or she has to wait for some time 28 25 28 28 28 34 30 28 32 38 36 It would be possible only exceptionally 23 23 23 24 24 25 23 22 30 16 22 There is practically no chance 14 15 15 13 12 10 9 11 8 7 7 Not applicable, has never happened 10 14 10 9 8 10 7 7 8 4 4 No answer 1 1 0 2 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from full-time into part-time in unskilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 26 20 26 28 37 23 37 27 34 43 37 He or she has to wait for some time 23 22 23 22 25 33 21 15 28 27 28 It would be possible only exceptionally 15 15 14 17 14 13 15 17 17 13 14 There is practically no chance 14 16 14 13 12 10 12 16 8 6 7 Not applicable, has never happened 20 24 21 17 10 18 12 17 9 8 10 No answer 2 1 2 3 2 3 3 7 4 3 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 124 122 57 32 18 7 4 8 5 10 Climate for changes from full-time to part-time Encouraging 43 39 45 43 42 44 42 38 48 51 48 Discouraging 29 29 27 30 29 35 30 30 32 24 30 Neither - nor (only asked in CZ, CY, LV, HU, PL, SI) 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 6 4 1 4 No answer 25 28 25 24 26 17 25 26 16 23 19 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Consultation of employee representation for changes Normally 33 33 31 29 35 40 42 40 31 44 43 Sometimes 23 17 23 23 29 22 26 29 40 31 32 Never 21 18 24 23 20 21 22 16 19 18 17 Not applicable, has never happened so far 22 30 21 23 16 17 10 14 9 7 8 Don't know 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 No answer 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 3262 272 521 580 327 191 225 137 252 158 599 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 258 73 79 39 25 13 6 3 6 5 9 Motivation of part-time workers More motivated 14 13 13 11 15 12 16 16 21 16 22 Less motivated 10 14 8 7 7 9 7 6 8 7 5 No difference 75 71 77 79 76 78 76 72 71 75 72 Don't know 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 4 0 2 1 No answer 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Promotion prospects of part-time workers Better than those of a full-timer with comparable qual. 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 About the same 49 54 51 53 41 39 34 45 41 38 40 Slightly worse 25 19 26 23 33 29 35 26 32 35 30 Significantly worse 15 13 12 16 21 23 22 23 19 17 22 Don't know 7 10 8 5 3 6 6 5 8 9 5 No answer 3 3 3 3 1 4 2 1 1 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Part-time makes work organization Easier 14 15 13 15 13 13 17 12 14 17 15 More complicated 40 39 42 42 36 35 40 32 35 48 41 No difference 44 44 44 41 48 51 43 55 49 34 40 Don't know 1 2 1 2 2 0 0 1 3 1 2 No answer 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 124 122 57 32 18 7 4 8 5 10 Unusual working hours At night between 10 p.m. and 6.a.m. 23 12 19 27 34 40 44 51 53 52 63 On Saturdays 37 31 34 40 43 48 45 49 60 53 65 On Sundays 25 17 21 27 32 36 35 32 49 49 58 None of these 57 66 61 53 50 42 46 37 31 37 26 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 143 126 135 148 159 166 170 169 194 191 212






Base (unweighted) 2785 189 412 456 268 179 190 121 235 135 600 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 166 42 48 26 16 10 4 3 5 3 7 Negotiations about problems with unusual hours Yes 25 20 26 22 29 27 19 29 26 44 39 No 74 78 72 78 71 73 80 66 73 55 59 No answer 1 2 2 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 928 47 129 128 83 58 47 38 78 62 258 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 41 8 13 6 5 3 1 1 1 1 3 IImportance of issue unusual hours Major 56 38 56 65 60 82 57 70 62 43 60 Minor 41 57 41 31 39 16 41 30 34 57 36 No answer 3 5 2 5 0 2 1 4 0 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 928 47 129 128 83 58 47 38 78 62 258 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 41 8 13 6 5 3 1 1 1 1 3 Most problematic unusual hours Work at night between 10 p.m. and 6.a.m. 34 31 34 39 41 34 38 40 24 25 30 Work on Saturdays 12 6 6 14 20 19 10 36 13 15 18 Work on Sundays 39 54 46 28 31 31 33 14 33 50 26 No answer 14 9 13 19 8 16 19 10 31 10 25 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 928 47 129 128 83 58 47 38 78 62 258 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 41 8 13 6 5 3 1 1 1 1 3 Issues to negotiate Necessity to work at these hours 39 43 41 25 36 38 34 45 47 33 45 Selection of employees 36 31 39 25 40 41 25 45 51 58 30 Organization of work at these hours 51 45 49 50 44 59 54 66 57 65 63 Compensation for work at these hours 63 69 54 61 69 81 65 44 63 73 68 Other issues 25 19 22 21 34 27 32 28 36 19 45 No answer 3 0 5 3 1 1 3 0 0 1 2 Total (Multiple responses) 216 207 210 184 224 248 213 228 254 247 253






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 124 122 57 32 18 7 4 8 5 10 Employees with changing working hours Yes 31 21 29 31 38 52 46 50 59 54 65 No 69 78 70 68 62 48 54 50 41 46 34 No answer 0 0 1 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2200 130 297 333 209 165 158 98 188 108 514 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 120 27 35 18 12 9 3 2 5 3 7 Change from shift to normal working hours He/she usually gets usual working hours quickly 9 11 11 10 4 6 6 12 10 6 7 He or she has to wait for some time 22 19 17 23 26 27 24 27 26 33 30 It would be possible only exceptionally 35 30 33 41 35 40 38 35 42 33 39 There is practically no chance 26 30 29 22 30 20 25 25 18 19 20 Not applicable, has never happened 7 9 8 4 6 6 6 2 2 8 2 No answer 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 124 122 57 32 18 7 4 8 5 10 Flexible working time arrangements Yes 53 51 48 54 59 66 67 64 56 68 70 No 45 47 51 44 39 33 30 33 43 31 29 No answer 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2794 267 453 505 264 175 192 114 182 124 518 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 206 63 59 31 19 12 5 3 4 3 7 Rationale for introduction of flexible working hours To reduce paid overtime hours 20 14 18 18 37 26 22 24 20 40 31 To make working hours more adaptable to variations in workloads 54 48 51 51 69 72 54 61 56 68 55 To enable employees to better combine work and family or personal life 71 70 69 75 72 69 80 63 72 82 73 To cope with commuting problems 28 24 27 32 28 25 35 38 31 45 31 Other reasons 16 14 15 20 14 18 27 13 15 21 24 Don't know 3 4 3 2 3 1 1 1 2 2 3 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 192 174 183 198 223 212 218 200 196 259 217






Base (unweighted) 2794 267 453 505 264 175 192 114 182 124 518 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 206 63 59 31 19 12 5 3 4 3 7 Effects of flexible working hours A reduction of paid overtime hours 31 22 28 28 47 50 33 56 40 47 40 A better adaptation of working hours to the workloads 63 52 65 64 74 75 63 68 66 69 75 Lower absenteeism 30 25 28 37 39 29 34 22 34 29 34 Higher degree of job satisfaction 68 66 67 75 70 65 75 69 64 76 70 Other positive effects 29 26 23 34 31 31 45 41 34 48 43 Problems of internal and external communication due to varied working times 19 18 19 17 23 22 27 29 16 34 20 Increased costs 7 5 7 6 6 10 7 5 9 13 6 Other negative effects 8 9 6 7 13 6 8 11 13 11 13 Don't know 3 3 3 2 2 3 1 1 2 1 2 No answer 2 4 1 2 3 1 3 0 2 1 1 Total (Multiple responses) 259 229 247 272 309 291 295 301 279 329 305






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 124 122 57 32 18 7 4 8 5 10 Employees with overtime work Yes 79 74 79 83 85 82 86 84 85 88 90 No 18 24 19 15 13 14 11 14 13 11 8 Impossible to say, overtime hours are def. by end of year 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Don't know 1 2 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 1 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4335 412 758 790 441 255 279 170 313 171 746 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 310 92 98 47 28 15 6 4 7 5 9 Forms of overtime work Only exceptionally 55 61 55 53 47 62 37 51 43 37 42 Regularly 23 22 24 19 23 15 34 16 27 23 27 Both forms 22 17 20 27 30 23 29 32 29 39 30 Don't know 0 0 1 1 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1927 140 292 333 196 100 154 73 153 94 392 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 138 36 43 22 15 6 4 2 4 3 5 Proportion of regular overtime work Practically all 14 22 15 11 7 9 8 3 3 6 7 Most 23 27 21 20 26 21 25 27 24 18 29 Some 35 20 41 36 38 51 45 35 48 52 38 Very few only 24 27 20 29 26 13 22 30 23 21 19 Don't know 2 3 3 2 1 0 0 1 0 3 No answer 2 4 1 1 1 5 1 4 1 3 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4335 412 758 790 441 255 279 170 313 171 746 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 310 92 98 47 28 15 6 4 7 5 9 Consultation of employee representation Informed/consulted before overtime hours have to be done 40 43 36 37 42 46 53 45 42 47 49 Informed afterwards only 13 10 11 13 21 20 15 18 17 22 20 Not informed/consulted at all 45 45 51 47 36 33 30 37 42 30 28 No answer 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 0 0 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1640 167 251 295 170 98 114 65 119 63 298 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 125 40 35 18 12 7 3 2 3 2 4 Negotiations to avoid/reduce overtime work Yes 56 45 58 53 68 66 72 69 65 68 73 No 42 52 39 43 31 33 26 31 35 32 25 Don't know 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 No answer 2 2 1 3 0 0 2 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Negotiations about organisation of overtime work Yes 59 47 65 55 69 65 69 66 75 71 62 No 41 53 34 43 31 35 31 34 25 29 36 No answer 1 0 1 2 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4335 412 758 790 441 255 279 170 313 171 746 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 310 92 98 47 28 15 6 4 7 5 9 Choice of overtime workers Selected 21 22 20 27 18 16 21 18 16 12 15 Volunteers 48 51 50 43 45 46 47 38 43 40 43 Both 26 21 24 26 33 34 29 37 35 46 39 Don't know 2 2 2 1 3 3 3 5 4 0 1 No answer 3 3 3 3 1 1 0 2 2 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2146 179 340 399 221 129 146 93 151 91 397 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 147 40 44 25 14 7 3 2 3 3 5 Refusal of overtime work possible Yes 73 72 77 73 68 81 71 78 72 63 72 No 23 23 19 25 28 18 26 22 25 24 24 Don't know 3 3 3 1 3 0 3 3 8 3 No answer 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 0 5 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4335 412 758 790 441 255 279 170 313 171 746 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 310 92 98 47 28 15 6 4 7 5 9 Payment or time off for overtime work Paid for 19 24 17 20 13 18 11 10 17 13 11 Compensated by time off 25 24 27 20 26 26 28 20 13 23 23 Both - extra-payment or compensation by time off 52 46 50 57 59 56 59 68 69 61 64 Neither - nor 4 5 5 3 2 0 2 2 1 1 1 No answer 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2429 197 391 420 244 140 164 111 191 97 474 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 162 42 49 27 16 8 4 2 5 3 6 If both is possible: most common compensation By payment 28 32 28 25 24 30 22 27 27 22 23 By time off 36 35 38 36 35 32 40 38 32 39 40 Both alternatives are of approximately the same importance 34 32 32 35 39 37 35 36 39 38 35 No answer 2 1 3 4 2 1 4 2 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 124 122 57 32 18 7 4 8 5 10 Importance of overtime work issue Major issue 18 13 15 20 29 26 29 25 31 33 38 Minor issue 45 45 45 43 47 50 50 50 41 53 44 Not a topic at all 35 40 38 36 24 24 21 25 27 13 17 No answer 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Position of employee representation to overtime work Aims to reduce overtime in general 28 31 24 24 28 38 36 30 35 33 42 Accepts overtime hours to respond to workload peaks 50 44 55 52 55 51 52 50 48 57 45 Welcomes overt. hours as a means to earn some extra money 12 12 11 16 12 5 7 14 8 8 9 No answer 9 13 9 8 5 6 5 6 9 3 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 124 122 57 32 18 7 4 8 5 10 Employees aged 50 years or older Yes 93 87 93 96 99 96 99 100 99 99 99 No 7 12 7 4 1 3 1 0 1 1 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4980 489 884 931 507 298 320 193 357 191 810 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 360 108 114 54 32 17 7 4 8 5 10 Phased retirement offered Yes 37 31 39 39 39 36 45 37 48 57 51 No 55 60 53 57 54 61 48 58 46 41 45 No answer 7 9 8 5 7 3 7 5 5 2 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1833 143 310 326 188 98 121 72 155 89 331 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 135 33 45 21 13 6 3 2 4 3 5 Employer encourages/tries to prevent from phased retirement Encourages 31 25 33 39 28 29 32 37 27 35 22 Tries to prevent them 13 11 14 12 11 17 10 13 16 8 14 Neither - nor 53 58 50 47 60 46 55 45 56 56 61 No answer 4 7 3 2 1 8 3 5 1 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 124 122 57 32 18 7 4 8 5 10 Possibility of early retirement Yes 52 44 50 56 62 55 66 61 67 70 69 No 38 42 38 36 32 40 31 32 28 27 28 No answer 11 14 12 8 6 6 3 7 5 2 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2965 254 497 515 310 164 206 123 225 124 547 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 200 54 61 32 20 10 5 3 5 4 7 Employer encourages/tries to prevent from early retirement Encourages 31 25 32 33 27 48 32 32 38 41 35 Tries to prevent them 13 13 11 14 17 17 16 15 6 11 13 Neither - nor 52 59 52 49 55 31 50 50 51 48 49 No answer 4 3 5 4 1 4 3 3 4 0 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 909 50 130 152 95 71 66 40 72 44 189 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 62 13 20 11 5 5 2 1 2 1 2 Encouraging early retirement In order to cope with problems of decreasing productivity or poor health 32 35 29 34 29 31 35 43 36 36 35 In order to reduce the average age of the workforce 32 29 36 22 24 47 31 32 35 47 34 In order to reduce staff 48 34 52 49 47 65 64 40 46 49 61 Other reasons 33 38 24 34 48 33 37 42 47 27 19 Don't know 2 3 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 No answer 1 0 2 1 1 1 Total (Multiple responses) 148 139 144 142 150 177 166 160 165 159 150






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 124 122 57 32 18 7 4 8 5 10 Initiatives to improve work-life balance A general reduction in weekly working hours 42 40 42 39 38 51 41 48 48 43 48 Introduce or extend flexi-time or working time accounts 51 44 53 50 61 56 59 43 60 52 53 Introduce or extend long-term leave options 36 32 35 37 44 41 42 30 45 56 42 Reduce overtime or introduce time-off in lieu 41 36 39 42 48 55 51 47 49 52 57 Introduce or extend opportunities to work part-time 39 30 38 47 43 42 46 41 50 63 50 Introduce or extend opportunities for phased retirement 56 52 56 56 59 63 65 63 62 62 66 Introduce or extend opportunities for early retirement 57 53 56 59 61 59 62 63 64 65 68 Better possibilities to change to normal working hours 20 11 19 20 28 29 30 33 43 38 44 Others 7 5 7 11 6 9 6 6 9 5 10 No actions needed 6 9 5 4 4 2 3 5 3 3 4 No answer 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 0 1 Total (Multiple responses) 355 314 352 368 395 409 407 381 438 439 441






Base (unweighted) 3774 365 660 705 385 232 235 150 262 153 627 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 283 83 89 43 26 14 6 3 6 4 8 Most desirable working time initiative A general reduction in weekly working hours 19 19 21 17 14 16 17 29 21 19 23 Introduce or extend flexi-time or working time accounts 28 26 30 27 30 32 31 23 32 36 30 Introduce or extend long-term leave options 4 5 4 5 3 3 8 2 2 2 4 Reduce overtime or introduce time-off in lieu 10 10 7 13 14 12 12 13 12 8 7 Introduce or extend opportunities to work part-time 7 6 6 10 6 2 4 3 4 15 7 Introduce or extend opportunities for phased retirement 13 15 13 13 12 18 11 7 8 11 11 Introduce or extend opportunities for early retirement 12 14 12 10 14 6 10 15 8 4 7 Better possibilities to change to normal working hours 4 2 4 3 5 7 7 6 9 5 6 Others 1 0 2 2 1 2 0 2 0 6 No answer 1 2 1 1 0 1 0 2 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 124 122 57 32 18 7 4 8 5 10 Work-life balance in the establishment Very easy 11 11 12 9 12 10 14 9 8 8 8 Quite easy 59 62 55 62 54 57 55 57 57 62 52 Quite difficult 23 19 25 22 25 25 25 26 24 20 31 Very difficult 6 6 5 5 5 6 4 5 8 5 8 No answer 2 1 3 3 3 1 2 3 4 6 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1580 134 260 270 168 102 90 71 121 58 306 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 109 31 36 15 10 6 2 1 2 1 4 Reason for difficulties with work-life balance Nature of work 67 83 63 55 57 58 61 49 58 83 62 Employer's attitude 9 2 9 15 12 22 14 20 16 4 9 Both of equal importance 22 15 25 23 29 19 25 31 26 13 27 No answer 3 1 4 6 2 1 0 1 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 124 122 57 32 18 7 4 8 5 10 Work-life balance as task of the company 0 = It is not at all the task ... 2 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 0 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 1 3 0 3 0 1 2 1 3 4 5 3 3 7 4 2 0 3 9 1 4 5 4 7 5 6 3 7 2 6 5 4 5 25 27 26 25 23 22 17 30 24 22 27 6 11 9 11 15 11 14 11 11 10 15 11 7 17 18 17 16 19 15 19 26 20 15 16 8 18 18 17 19 20 17 23 16 20 16 22 9 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 5 2 4 2 10 = The company should definitely consider ... 11 10 11 12 6 18 14 7 12 12 13 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 6,4 6,3 6,4 6,5 6,1 6,7 6,7 6,6 6,5 6,4 6,7






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 124 122 57 32 18 7 4 8 5 10 Relationship management - employee representation Very co-operative 27 31 26 23 24 26 27 21 21 26 27 Quite co-operative 53 49 56 53 56 50 57 57 53 46 54 Quite strained 15 14 14 17 16 18 12 20 21 22 14 Very strained 4 4 3 5 3 5 5 1 4 3 4 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 3 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Employee-related problems High absenteeism and/or sickness rate 21 12 23 23 23 28 26 44 29 37 37 Difficulties in finding staff for skilled jobs 35 30 37 39 41 34 43 47 33 44 38 Difficulties in finding staff for low skilled or unskilled jobs 11 9 14 11 14 8 11 11 9 13 9 Difficulties in retaining staff 15 14 14 15 17 18 18 20 15 20 18 A need to reduce staff levels 24 17 23 26 30 33 38 32 27 37 42 Low motivation of staff 28 20 27 32 36 38 37 41 38 42 36 Other problems 16 9 16 20 22 16 25 18 27 15 31 No problems 27 38 25 23 18 18 11 9 20 16 12 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 177 150 179 190 200 193 210 223 198 223 224






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 1000) *) 387 124 122 57 32 18 7 4 8 5 10 Proportion of trade union members None 7 9 7 7 5 4 1 0 3 1 1 Less than 20% 29 26 26 36 39 27 36 25 34 31 28 20% to less than 40% 16 11 18 18 19 19 19 24 24 26 22 40% to less than 60% 12 11 13 9 13 20 23 23 11 12 20 60% to less than 80% 10 9 11 10 10 10 7 10 12 12 13 80% to less than 100% 14 18 14 12 9 13 9 9 9 10 12 All 8 13 8 5 3 4 3 3 2 3 1 Don't know 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 6 4 5 2 No answer 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Respondent is trade union member Yes 77 76 77 74 76 82 83 84 85 85 91 No 23 24 23 26 24 18 17 16 15 13 9 No answer 0 0 0 3 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100


10




Country



Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Country Belgium 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 Denmark 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 Germany 22 20 19 20 26 22 27 21 22 23 27 Greece 1 3 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 Spain 8 7 7 7 7 10 9 8 9 7 9 France 13 14 13 13 12 10 8 13 16 15 15 Ireland 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Italy 9 12 10 10 10 13 11 8 6 7 6 Luxembourg 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Netherlands 5 4 4 6 4 4 4 4 8 5 5 Austria 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Portugal 2 4 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 Finland 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 Sweden 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 United Kingdom 16 13 18 16 14 16 15 15 15 22 15 Czech Republic 2 3 3 2 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 Cyprus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Latvia 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 Hungary 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 Poland 7 7 7 8 6 6 7 10 7 5 7 Slovenia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



Sector of activity



Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Sector of activity Mining and quarrying (NACE C) 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 Manufacturing industries (NACE D) 26 20 22 22 27 31 27 36 28 31 32 Electricity, gas and water supply (NACE E) 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Construction (NACE F) 5 8 7 6 5 5 5 3 2 4 2 Retail, repair (NACE G) 17 25 20 15 14 15 16 15 16 18 9 Hotels and restaurants (NACE H) 4 6 6 4 3 4 3 3 1 1 1 Transport, storage and communication (NACE I) 5 6 6 6 6 5 5 7 5 4 5 Financial intermediation (NACE J) 4 3 3 3 6 5 8 4 5 4 6 Real estate, renting and business activities (NACE K) 9 11 10 11 10 9 8 9 10 6 7 Public administration (NACE L) 10 6 7 11 9 7 11 9 13 16 16 Education (NACE M) 6 5 8 11 6 6 3 3 2 3 3 Health and social work (NACE N) 9 5 7 7 9 9 10 8 14 9 14 Other community, social and personal services (NACE O) 3 5 4 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Type of establishment Single site 55 71 63 55 50 48 47 47 46 44 46 Multi-site: headquarters 19 10 13 18 26 27 26 23 25 23 27 Multi-site: subsidiaries 23 18 22 24 22 24 25 27 25 30 23 No answer (MM100) 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 1 2 2 2 No answer (MM101) 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Number of employees 10 - 19 employees 16 100 20 - 49 employees 21 100 50 - 199 employees 27 100 100 100 200 - 499 employees 15 100 100 100 100 500 and more employees 21 100 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Female proportion None at all 1 4 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Less than 20% 25 30 30 29 25 25 22 24 18 18 19 20% to less than 40% 17 16 16 16 17 21 18 21 17 24 18 40% to less than 60% 22 18 19 20 26 24 25 23 31 24 27 60% to less than 80% 18 13 15 17 19 19 21 21 19 23 24 80% to less than 100% 13 14 17 16 12 10 11 9 13 7 10 All 1 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 1 0 0 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Skilled jobs None at all 5 9 8 4 2 3 3 4 2 2 1 Less than 20% 15 15 18 18 16 15 14 13 15 12 11 20% to less than 40% 13 11 12 13 14 14 15 16 12 13 13 40% to less than 60% 11 11 11 12 12 12 11 14 11 12 10 60% to less than 80% 14 10 12 13 14 19 14 17 16 18 18 80% to less than 100% 24 17 20 23 28 23 29 23 31 28 31 All 16 26 18 16 13 12 11 11 11 11 11 No answer 2 0 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 4 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Groups of employees Fixed-term contracts or temporary contracts 73 51 60 73 83 82 83 87 87 88 88 Temporary agency workers 37 16 26 37 42 48 43 46 50 53 54 Freelancers 23 15 18 20 24 28 24 29 28 30 33 None of these 17 37 27 16 9 7 10 6 6 5 6 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 151 119 130 146 157 166 160 168 171 176 181 Employee-related problems High absenteeism and/or sickness rate 23 10 15 20 23 29 24 33 35 36 33 Difficulties in finding staff for skilled jobs 36 34 34 36 37 43 31 40 35 38 39 Difficulties in finding staff for low skilled or unskilled jobs 12 14 13 14 10 14 9 12 9 10 9 Difficulties in retaining staff 10 8 9 10 9 11 10 11 10 11 11 A need to reduce staff levels 22 14 17 19 23 23 24 20 27 32 33 Low motivation of staff 16 13 15 18 20 20 12 19 17 14 18 Other problems 8 7 7 7 6 8 7 9 9 8 11 No problems 33 43 39 33 32 26 34 30 26 20 23 No answer 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 Total (Multiple responses) 160 145 149 157 161 173 152 174 167 171 180






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Working time agreements Yes 70 55 61 70 72 72 76 77 76 78 83 No 29 44 37 30 28 27 22 23 23 19 16 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Weekly working hours Less than 30 hours 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 30 to less than 35 hours 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 35 hours 14 12 12 13 13 15 9 17 20 14 19 More than 35 to less than 40 hours 42 33 35 41 47 44 49 45 46 55 48 40 hours 37 47 44 38 34 36 34 36 30 27 28 More than 40 hours 4 6 5 4 4 2 4 0 3 2 2 No answer 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 38,3 38,8 38,5 38,2 38,3 38,0 38,3 38,1 37,9 38,0 37,9






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Economic situation Very good 17 15 17 17 15 21 15 17 19 17 21 Quite good 61 65 65 59 66 59 63 59 57 60 54 Quite bad 12 13 11 13 11 11 9 12 11 9 14 Very bad 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 No answer 7 5 5 9 5 7 10 10 9 11 8 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Size of workforce Increased 37 32 38 39 35 38 34 38 37 40 38 Decreased 27 23 21 24 28 27 34 30 29 29 34 Stayed about the same 36 44 41 36 35 34 31 31 33 30 28 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Public sector Yes 28 20 24 31 29 25 28 22 31 35 37 No 71 80 75 69 70 74 71 78 68 63 63 No answer 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 3053 921 775 390 198 114 118 87 112 53 285 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 948 179 201 132 73 40 45 37 41 19 181 Ownership Domestic 78 92 90 88 74 77 75 68 55 54 56 Foreign 18 6 9 9 17 18 20 26 37 42 40 Equal parts / no majority ownership 2 1 1 1 8 4 4 4 3 2 Don't know 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 4 2 No answer 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4080 1109 985 636 253 128 175 126 169 74 425 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1507 265 332 252 99 49 68 56 67 30 288 Existance before 1989/91 Existed before 1989/91 56 40 50 57 54 47 61 67 60 69 73 Newly founded since 1989/91 43 59 50 42 46 53 38 32 38 31 26 Don't know 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 No answer 0 0 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Variations of workload Within the same day 19 22 21 18 16 18 17 19 24 21 18 From day to day within a normal working week 31 34 33 30 28 29 29 31 34 33 29 Within a year, e.g. seasonal variations 49 47 47 48 51 49 51 54 52 55 50 None of these 29 28 29 31 29 32 29 27 25 28 30 No answer 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 Total (Multiple responses) 130 131 131 128 125 129 127 132 136 138 128






Base (unweighted) 7420 2006 2100 1129 456 249 277 173 295 174 561 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 4528 816 1011 708 279 160 190 118 249 131 865 Foreseeability of daily/weekly workload variations Mostly foreseeable 43 38 41 48 45 52 49 44 42 48 41 Mostly not foreseeable 36 45 38 34 40 27 30 29 28 32 32 Both of equal importance 20 16 20 18 15 21 21 27 30 20 26 No answer 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Arrangements mostly used for coping with daily/weekly workload peaks Asking regular staff to work more hours 67 64 66 64 71 66 73 69 71 77 70 Employing staff on call, agency workers or freelancers 33 19 26 34 37 37 34 42 43 51 42 Outsourcing tasks to other firms 17 16 17 16 17 17 17 13 14 17 21 Employing part-time staff for peak hours or peak days 30 20 24 29 29 39 37 34 31 40 41 Others 16 14 16 17 14 10 14 8 18 15 19 None 5 10 6 5 2 3 5 4 2 1 3 Don't know 0 1 0 0 0 0 No answer 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 Total (Multiple responses) 169 144 156 165 170 173 180 172 179 203 196






Base (unweighted) 10153 2510 2671 1642 716 398 415 276 431 250 844 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 5932 923 1176 958 430 227 280 180 311 194 1253 Foreseeability of annual variations Mostly foreseeable 69 67 69 71 70 69 70 76 70 73 67 Mostly not foreseeable 17 22 18 15 17 18 15 13 16 14 16 Both of equal importance 13 11 12 13 13 12 14 11 14 12 17 No answer 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Arrangements mostly used for coping with workload peaks within a year Asking regular staff to work more hours 67 62 64 65 68 66 73 62 71 77 71 Employing staff on call, agency workers or freelancers 36 25 31 38 38 36 37 44 40 45 44 Employing additional staff with fixed-term contracts 43 28 33 40 45 47 46 52 55 63 55 Outsourcing tasks to other firms 19 17 20 20 17 20 17 18 15 25 22 Asking staff to postpone holidays 28 26 26 25 31 27 25 31 30 33 32 Others 15 14 13 13 13 15 12 12 17 15 18 None 3 5 4 3 3 2 3 1 0 0 1 Don't know 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Total (Multiple responses) 211 179 191 202 215 216 213 220 229 259 245






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Part-time proportion None at all 23 44 31 21 16 19 17 14 11 11 10 Less than 20% 49 32 43 54 57 57 53 61 55 52 54 20% to less than 40% 14 11 11 10 13 12 17 14 15 19 20 40% to less than 60% 7 6 6 7 7 4 6 5 8 5 8 60% to less than 80% 5 3 6 4 3 4 4 4 8 9 4 80% to less than 100% 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 All 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Don't know 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 1 2 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13404 2550 3321 2309 1035 589 646 401 681 385 1487 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 9293 1087 1736 1562 706 372 455 289 526 307 2253 Forms of part-time work Some fixed hours every day 74 66 68 74 76 79 78 81 76 78 76 Other fixed cycles, e.g. some fixed days of the week in full-time, the other days off 49 36 36 43 47 50 55 57 59 62 62 Flexible working hours which are fixed a few days or hours in advance according to the establishment's needs 31 25 29 25 28 25 33 31 31 34 39 Other forms of part-time work 12 6 7 9 10 10 16 13 16 15 19 Don't know 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Total (Multiple responses) 166 135 141 153 162 165 183 182 183 191 197






Base (unweighted) 13404 2550 3321 2309 1035 589 646 401 681 385 1487 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 9293 1087 1736 1562 706 372 455 289 526 307 2253 Reasons for introducing part-time work Mainly the needs of the establishment 25 39 34 26 24 24 18 20 22 15 15 Mainly the wishes of the employees 46 36 38 47 48 49 51 48 54 47 51 Both of equal importance 24 20 22 21 22 24 25 24 20 33 30 Mainly because of other reasons 4 5 5 4 5 2 4 5 2 3 3 Don't know 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Proportion of male part-timers None at all 40 61 55 46 46 35 33 32 29 26 20 Less than 20% 37 18 24 30 35 40 41 43 47 48 56 20% to less than 40% 7 5 4 7 5 8 8 8 9 11 9 40% to less than 60% 7 6 8 8 8 9 9 8 8 9 5 60% to less than 80% 2 1 2 2 1 3 1 2 1 2 2 80% to less than 100% 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 All 3 6 4 4 2 2 3 2 1 0 1 No answer 2 0 0 1 2 1 3 3 2 3 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13404 2550 3321 2309 1035 589 646 401 681 385 1487 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 9293 1087 1736 1562 706 372 455 289 526 307 2253 Part-timers are ... Mothers with pre-school and school-age children 75 59 67 70 78 75 84 80 86 88 85 Women without children or mothers with grown-up children 55 49 53 53 54 52 59 56 59 62 60 Fathers 31 17 20 29 24 33 36 36 38 39 46 People who take care of elderly, ill or disabled family relatives 20 6 9 12 15 18 19 24 27 37 38 Students or pupils 25 15 20 22 25 27 28 28 33 33 30 Disabled persons or workers with poor health 31 11 18 22 28 32 36 44 38 46 50 Young people early in their working lives 21 20 22 21 18 20 21 22 24 25 21 Others 12 13 11 11 11 10 12 9 13 8 14 Don't know 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 4 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 Total (Multiple responses) 273 192 222 244 255 271 298 300 320 340 349 Change from part-time into full-time He or she usually gets an appr. full-time job quickly 32 25 28 28 35 32 34 35 35 36 36 He or she has to wait for some time 32 23 26 29 31 32 30 37 41 39 42 It would be possible only exceptionally 15 19 17 18 17 14 16 14 13 13 12 There is practically no chance 11 22 18 14 8 10 10 7 4 4 4 Not applicable, has never happened 7 9 9 8 7 10 7 5 5 6 4 No answer 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Change from full-time into part-time in skilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 30 20 25 31 31 29 34 32 33 39 39 He or she has to wait for some time 24 16 20 23 26 27 25 27 31 30 32 It would be possible only exceptionally 21 23 23 23 23 21 22 21 21 16 17 There is practically no chance 12 22 16 11 8 11 8 9 6 7 4 Not applicable, has never happened 10 17 14 10 9 10 8 9 6 5 5 No answer 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from full-time into part-time in unskilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 32 20 26 32 33 30 37 38 41 44 43 He or she has to wait for some time 19 13 16 19 21 24 19 21 24 22 25 It would be possible only exceptionally 14 16 16 14 16 17 17 12 13 10 11 There is practically no chance 12 20 15 11 10 10 10 12 8 9 6 Not applicable, has never happened 19 28 24 21 17 17 13 14 11 11 12 No answer 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 2 3 3 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13404 2550 3321 2309 1035 589 646 401 681 385 1487 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 9293 1087 1736 1562 706 372 455 289 526 307 2253 Motivation of part-time workers More motivated 10 11 9 8 11 9 11 12 11 10 12 Less motivated 8 10 8 9 9 8 5 6 7 6 7 No difference 79 77 80 81 77 80 81 80 81 82 78 Don't know 2 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 1 3 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Promotion prospects of part-time workers Better than those of a full-timer with comparable qual. 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 About the same 60 62 62 60 58 57 57 61 57 60 58 Slightly worse 22 14 16 19 24 26 26 23 28 24 28 Significantly worse 11 10 10 12 11 11 12 11 9 10 10 Don't know 3 5 4 4 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 No answer 4 7 6 4 4 3 1 1 2 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Part-time makes work organisation Easier 17 20 20 19 15 15 16 14 19 15 15 More complicated 35 28 28 31 37 35 37 42 38 41 43 No difference 46 50 50 47 46 48 45 43 42 42 40 Don't know 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 2 1 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Unusual working hours At night between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. 37 12 21 28 38 48 48 54 56 56 67 On Saturdays 49 35 39 41 46 55 51 55 61 62 69 On Sundays 37 19 25 29 35 48 40 45 51 52 60 None of these 44 61 56 52 45 34 38 34 31 30 22 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 168 129 142 151 165 185 179 187 200 201 218






Base (unweighted) 6285 622 1117 1001 565 372 395 277 460 274 1202 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 4519 239 523 558 325 221 266 179 335 197 1677 Proportion work at night Less than 20% 54 41 51 62 58 57 57 66 51 52 52 20% to less than 40% 22 20 20 21 25 19 19 18 25 26 22 40% to less than 60% 11 13 12 8 8 11 12 9 10 9 13 60% to less than 80% 6 6 6 4 6 8 8 5 8 5 7 80% to less than 100% 3 6 4 3 1 3 2 1 2 4 3 All 2 12 5 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 No answer 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 0 2 4 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 8667 1651 2009 1288 638 407 416 276 489 292 1201 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 5917 691 989 804 391 258 283 183 360 220 1739 Proportion work on Saturdays Less than 20% 41 29 36 44 44 42 38 46 38 44 46 20% to less than 40% 19 18 15 18 20 19 22 16 19 21 20 40% to less than 60% 13 13 13 11 14 14 13 10 11 9 15 60% to less than 80% 10 7 8 6 10 12 14 10 18 10 10 80% to less than 100% 7 10 10 9 5 6 6 12 7 8 5 All 9 23 17 11 6 4 5 3 4 3 2 No answer 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 4 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 6133 905 1256 910 483 336 324 228 400 242 1049 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 4478 370 637 575 298 222 221 149 304 185 1517 Proportion work on Sundays Less than 20% 44 30 37 46 46 48 39 53 39 50 48 20% to less than 40% 19 18 16 16 24 16 25 20 21 19 19 40% to less than 60% 14 13 14 12 11 15 13 10 14 11 16 60% to less than 80% 9 7 6 6 9 9 11 7 15 11 9 80% to less than 100% 6 10 10 9 4 6 7 6 5 3 4 All 6 20 16 8 5 3 3 1 2 1 2 No answer 2 2 1 3 1 3 2 3 4 6 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Employees with changing working hours Yes 36 18 25 29 37 44 41 47 51 46 58 No 63 82 74 70 62 55 58 53 49 53 41 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 6309 897 1308 999 520 349 338 239 404 233 1022 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 4410 353 640 576 317 205 227 156 301 162 1472 Proportion with changing working hours Less than 20% 29 21 26 31 31 28 28 37 29 32 31 20% to less than 40% 19 19 17 19 19 23 16 18 20 19 18 40% to less than 60% 18 16 14 15 16 15 24 17 18 15 22 60% to less than 80% 17 10 14 14 17 21 19 16 22 19 18 80% to less than 100% 10 11 15 10 13 9 10 8 8 7 7 All 6 21 14 10 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 4 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Notification period Less than 1 day 4 10 7 6 3 2 3 5 2 1 2 1 to 3 days 7 11 10 10 11 4 5 6 5 5 4 4 days to less than 2 weeks 20 25 25 23 22 23 22 19 20 15 16 2 weeks to less than 1 month 19 16 17 21 19 16 18 22 22 25 20 1 month or more 44 32 35 34 40 50 49 44 48 51 53 Don't know 3 2 3 4 3 4 1 2 2 2 2 No answer 2 4 2 3 1 1 2 4 1 2 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from shift to normal working hours He/she gets an appr. job during usual work. hours quickly 7 12 10 9 7 5 7 6 8 7 5 He/she has to wait for some time 22 11 15 18 24 22 22 27 22 29 29 It would be possible only exceptionally 34 22 25 30 31 40 36 40 32 31 41 There is practically no chance 27 37 38 31 27 26 28 19 33 25 18 Not applicable, has never happened 7 14 11 9 7 7 7 5 3 5 4 No answer 2 3 2 3 3 0 1 3 1 3 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Flexible working time arrangements Yes 53 48 47 48 55 55 56 52 61 64 62 No 46 51 52 51 43 42 42 47 37 33 37 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 3 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 10220 2399 2546 1591 740 403 452 257 484 281 1067 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 6418 930 1179 949 468 256 309 173 363 224 1566 Proportion flexible working hours Less than 20% 23 19 25 26 27 27 21 34 23 20 20 20% to less than 40% 14 11 11 12 13 18 14 12 19 15 19 40% to less than 60% 9 8 9 9 8 7 11 9 12 8 10 60% to less than 80% 7 6 4 6 6 6 5 2 8 12 10 80% to less than 100% 11 6 8 9 12 9 13 19 11 14 14 All 32 44 39 33 31 27 35 23 24 26 24 No answer 4 5 4 6 4 6 3 1 3 6 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Rationale for introduction of flexible working hours To reduce paid overtime hours 18 12 14 13 21 23 21 19 22 25 24 To make working hours more adaptable to variations in workloads 51 46 46 45 56 52 61 58 51 57 57 To enable employees to better combine work and family or personal life 72 68 67 67 73 73 71 69 72 78 80 To cope with commuting problems 26 20 23 26 27 30 24 31 33 29 28 Other reasons 11 10 9 10 8 9 12 9 12 12 13 Don't know 3 3 3 4 3 5 4 2 3 3 3 No answer 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 Total (Multiple responses) 183 162 165 168 190 196 196 190 196 206 206






Base (unweighted) 10220 2399 2546 1591 740 403 452 257 484 281 1067 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 6418 930 1179 949 468 256 309 173 363 224 1566 Effects of flexible working hours A reduction of paid overtime hours 28 20 21 23 33 30 31 29 31 34 36 A better adaptation of working hours to the workloads 60 52 54 56 65 64 65 62 61 59 67 Lower absenteeism 30 25 29 31 31 29 27 32 32 35 34 Higher degree of job satisfaction 65 60 61 63 67 68 66 67 66 66 71 Other positive effects 22 21 19 20 20 21 27 20 20 21 26 Problems of internal and external communication due to varied working times 12 9 11 13 15 10 12 9 10 13 14 Increased costs 7 5 5 6 5 5 7 6 4 9 9 Other negative effects 5 3 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 8 Don't know 5 6 5 5 5 7 4 4 3 5 4 No answer 4 5 5 4 4 3 5 4 5 5 2 Total (Multiple responses) 237 207 215 225 250 239 249 240 237 252 271 Accumulation of hours Yes 72 66 66 69 73 74 77 76 70 76 79 No 26 31 31 29 25 23 21 22 29 21 19 No answer 3 4 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 7143 1594 1710 1076 534 306 339 197 344 207 836 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 4600 611 776 651 340 190 238 133 253 171 1237 Accumulated hours for full days off Yes 81 78 79 79 82 84 85 87 82 83 84 No 18 21 20 20 18 16 15 13 18 17 16 No answer 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5588 1229 1325 828 429 246 272 160 266 161 672 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3747 476 612 514 280 159 201 115 208 141 1041 Accumulated hours for longer periods of leave Yes 53 50 51 49 52 53 52 52 57 52 59 No 45 47 48 50 46 45 47 48 42 47 41 No answer 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Proportion working overtime Nobody 16 29 22 16 11 12 11 9 8 7 7 Less than 20% 29 23 28 30 30 29 28 37 29 30 31 20% to less than 40% 16 13 13 16 17 18 14 15 19 17 20 40% to less than 60% 12 8 10 11 14 13 16 12 13 14 13 60% to less than 80% 7 5 7 7 10 11 13 10 7 8 7 80% to less than 100% 7 5 7 8 8 6 6 7 9 9 6 All 7 14 10 7 5 4 4 3 5 3 3 Impossible to say, overtime hours are def. by end of year 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 3 3 Don't know 4 1 2 3 4 4 3 3 5 7 8 No answer 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 16493 3608 4254 2724 1237 700 721 467 749 435 1598 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 10097 1376 1959 1655 751 406 480 302 540 322 2304 Forms of overtime work Only exceptionally 60 67 62 58 57 59 55 60 59 54 58 Regularly 21 19 21 23 22 20 19 19 22 22 21 Both forms 17 13 15 17 18 18 23 20 17 21 19 Don't know 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5717 1081 1403 994 463 256 285 161 272 179 623 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3857 440 699 671 299 157 203 118 208 138 923 Proportion regular overtime work Practically all 12 24 16 14 10 6 8 10 10 6 7 Most 20 19 20 21 26 14 14 18 17 20 22 Some 30 23 25 31 29 34 34 31 38 27 34 Very few only 29 26 30 26 29 40 36 36 30 38 28 Don't know 3 4 1 2 3 3 5 3 3 5 4 No answer 5 4 7 7 3 3 3 1 3 3 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 16493 3608 4254 2724 1237 700 721 467 749 435 1598 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 10097 1376 1959 1655 751 406 480 302 540 322 2304 Choice of overtime workers Selected 20 23 23 23 20 20 16 21 16 14 16 Volunteers 43 45 42 43 42 40 42 42 47 45 43 Both 32 27 29 28 33 34 38 34 35 36 38 Don't know 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 1 No answer 3 3 3 4 2 3 1 1 1 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 8781 1831 2223 1460 686 383 391 260 410 230 907 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 5270 687 1017 845 401 219 257 164 273 163 1245 Refusal of overtime work possible Yes 70 70 73 68 71 70 75 65 70 69 69 No 25 25 23 26 23 23 21 30 26 26 26 Don't know 3 3 3 4 5 4 2 3 3 3 4 No answer 2 2 2 3 1 3 2 2 1 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 16493 3608 4254 2724 1237 700 721 467 749 435 1598 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 10097 1376 1959 1655 751 406 480 302 540 322 2304 Payment or time off for overtime work Paid for 29 35 36 31 28 26 28 31 21 26 22 Compensated with time off 21 25 22 19 23 16 23 16 25 22 20 Both - payment or compensation with time off 46 36 38 45 46 54 49 52 51 51 55 Neither - nor 3 4 4 3 2 3 0 1 2 1 2 No answer 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 7425 1356 1686 1247 586 361 373 250 407 240 919 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 4650 496 737 741 349 220 234 157 277 164 1273 If both is possible: most common compensation By payment 30 31 30 32 24 33 28 31 29 28 29 By time off 30 27 27 30 31 31 36 26 28 24 32 Both alternatives are of approximately the same importance 39 41 42 37 43 35 35 41 40 46 38 No answer 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Employees in parental leave Yes 72 40 57 74 81 84 89 89 92 90 94 No 26 59 42 25 17 15 10 9 7 8 4 Don't know 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13697 2245 3194 2407 1156 655 737 456 757 432 1658 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 8775 787 1423 1457 690 392 488 297 546 318 2377 Men in parental leave Yes 42 28 29 32 36 43 42 43 48 50 60 No 57 72 71 67 62 56 57 56 52 50 39 No answer 1 0 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Behaviour after parental leave Resume work to same extent 42 44 44 42 41 48 39 43 40 34 42 Ask for reduced working hours 43 29 34 40 46 34 50 48 52 56 50 Do not return at all 8 10 11 10 7 11 7 6 4 5 5 Don't know 5 10 7 5 4 4 3 2 2 3 2 No answer 3 6 4 4 2 4 1 1 1 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 13697 2245 3194 2407 1156 655 737 456 757 432 1658 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 8775 787 1423 1457 690 392 488 297 546 318 2377 Coping with absence due to parental leave By hiring new staff with fixed-term contracts 60 46 50 57 61 64 62 63 66 64 68 By employing temporary agency workers 18 11 14 16 17 17 20 21 19 26 23 By distributing work among the remaining employees 52 51 51 49 48 52 55 53 52 51 54 By giving work to subcontractors 3 5 3 4 2 1 4 2 2 3 4 By hiring new permanent staff 14 11 16 15 13 15 15 17 14 13 13 Other methods 6 5 5 4 5 8 8 3 4 9 7 Don't know 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 No answer 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 Total (Multiple responses) 154 130 140 147 145 157 166 159 157 168 170 Problems with parental leave Yes 11 12 12 10 12 9 11 9 10 13 11 No 89 88 88 89 87 90 89 91 90 87 88 No answer 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1652 282 400 248 140 56 92 49 98 60 227 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 962 93 165 147 83 35 52 26 54 40 268 Major problems related to parental leave Too many employees are absent because of parental leave 27 24 27 18 18 23 23 24 40 26 36 Difficulties in finding staff to replace absent workers 48 59 56 61 54 40 41 53 54 35 33 Lack of continuity of work 54 50 56 49 58 47 58 49 54 39 58 Uncertainty if or when persons on parental leave will return 47 41 49 39 44 51 56 50 46 50 52 Difficulties in re-integrating the returning staff 29 23 18 26 23 23 34 36 22 27 40 Other problems 23 26 15 14 17 25 31 23 20 25 31 Don't know 2 4 2 2 1 9 1 2 5 1 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 1 Total (Multiple responses) 230 227 224 210 216 218 246 238 240 204 252






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Training programmes for returning people Yes 29 20 23 27 28 32 33 31 32 36 40 No 66 72 70 68 68 66 62 66 65 59 57 Don't know 3 5 5 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 2 No answer 2 4 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Paid or unpaid long-term leave If employees have to care for elderly, ill or disabled persons in their families 47 33 38 46 47 51 52 54 54 59 61 For further education 45 33 37 46 44 45 50 51 51 54 57 For any other purpose 32 24 26 31 34 30 36 46 36 40 43 No long-term leaves 29 40 36 29 27 28 24 20 21 17 19 No answer 8 11 11 8 7 7 8 5 5 6 4 Total (Multiple responses) 161 142 147 160 159 160 169 176 169 176 184






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Employees younger than 30 years None at all 4 12 5 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 Less than 20% 34 35 38 37 31 30 31 23 29 25 31 20% to less than 40% 36 26 29 35 40 42 42 53 41 46 44 40% to less than 60% 16 16 17 16 20 16 17 12 19 16 12 60% to less than 80% 6 7 7 6 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 80% to less than 100% 2 4 3 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 All 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 3 0 1 2 3 5 4 5 5 7 7 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Employees 50 years or older None at all 6 19 8 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 Less than 20% 46 44 53 51 47 46 41 45 45 39 40 20% to less than 40% 31 23 23 28 35 35 41 36 37 43 38 40% to less than 60% 11 9 10 12 11 11 10 12 13 9 13 60% to less than 80% 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 80% to less than 100% 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 All 0 0 0 No answer 3 0 1 2 3 4 3 3 3 6 6 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 19306 4275 5162 3264 1428 799 823 508 837 474 1736 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 11386 1582 2299 1914 832 460 541 327 591 350 2490 Phased retirement offered Yes 46 33 38 43 47 46 51 52 58 61 56 No 46 56 50 48 47 47 42 45 38 33 39 No answer 8 11 12 9 6 7 7 4 4 6 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 7157 1301 1708 1207 563 318 342 230 399 244 845 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 5234 519 880 826 393 212 275 169 343 213 1403 Proportion of phased retirement Almost all 7 8 9 6 5 6 5 5 5 6 6 Most 6 3 3 6 5 4 4 6 7 11 9 Some 38 20 22 33 41 39 42 42 52 47 51 Practically nobody 45 65 62 52 45 48 45 42 31 31 29 Don't know 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 No answer 1 2 2 1 2 2 0 1 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Encouraging phased retirement Encourage 18 15 17 19 18 17 16 16 18 25 19 Try to prevent them 6 6 6 7 5 6 4 6 8 5 5 Neither - nor 74 74 73 72 75 75 79 76 73 68 74 No answer 3 5 4 3 3 2 1 2 2 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Possibility of early retirement Yes 58 43 52 58 58 59 63 62 67 69 69 No 33 40 35 33 35 35 33 35 29 28 28 No answer 9 17 13 9 7 5 5 3 4 4 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 11197 2303 2785 1905 829 475 513 329 567 325 1166 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 6975 846 1303 1142 488 276 346 207 397 242 1729 Basis of early retirement Legal regulations 45 47 44 47 51 54 38 51 46 36 41 Collective agreement 29 28 28 26 29 26 34 29 26 29 33 Both 14 10 12 13 12 11 18 12 15 22 17 Neither - nor 8 10 9 8 5 8 6 5 10 7 6 Don't know 4 5 6 5 2 2 3 2 4 7 3 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Proportion with early retirement Almost all 13 6 8 10 14 14 18 14 15 14 18 Most 9 1 3 7 11 8 9 12 10 14 18 Some 32 16 20 30 36 37 42 35 41 40 42 Practically nobody 29 42 43 34 29 28 21 25 23 20 12 No experience yet 14 33 24 17 10 9 8 9 9 8 3 Don't know 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 4 2 3 5 No answer 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Encouraging early retirement Encourage 21 15 15 19 20 22 22 22 23 23 27 Try to prevent them 7 8 7 8 8 4 6 5 6 5 5 Neither - nor 69 70 72 70 69 72 70 69 69 69 65 No answer 4 7 5 3 2 2 2 5 2 3 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2038 328 436 337 173 100 115 69 136 61 283 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1430 129 194 214 98 61 76 45 91 57 465 Encouraging early retirement In order to cope with problems of decreasing productivity or poor health 40 46 34 44 47 43 43 35 33 41 37 In order to reduce the average age of the workforce 25 20 22 20 26 28 26 24 30 46 25 In order to reduce staff 41 22 22 35 38 52 43 38 39 63 54 Other reasons 35 36 45 37 32 26 27 38 33 37 31 Don't know 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 0 2 No answer 2 1 1 2 0 5 2 0 2 Total (Multiple responses) 143 129 128 139 144 149 145 139 138 187 151






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Support in domestic commitments Company kindergarten or crèche 5 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 8 5 11 Other forms of professional help for childcare, e.g. a company babysitting service 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 5 5 6 Professional help for household management, e.g. cleansing or shopping services 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 Others 4 3 3 4 4 4 5 4 5 6 6 None 88 92 92 90 90 91 89 91 84 82 78 No answer 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 Total (Multiple responses) 102 101 101 102 101 100 101 101 104 102 104 Work-life balance as task of company 0 = It is not at all the task ... 8 10 9 9 6 6 5 8 4 6 7 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 6 5 5 5 5 8 7 6 6 7 6 3 9 7 9 9 11 9 10 13 10 10 9 4 9 7 8 9 10 8 11 9 11 14 12 5 25 26 26 25 28 22 22 25 21 22 23 6 9 9 8 9 9 11 11 10 12 10 10 7 11 10 11 10 11 12 12 11 11 10 12 8 10 12 11 10 9 8 9 10 14 10 8 9 2 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 1 2 2 10 = The company should definetely ... 7 8 8 7 6 7 7 3 5 4 6 No answer 3 3 3 4 2 4 3 2 3 2 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 5,1 5,2 5,2 5,1 5,0 5,2 5,2 4,9 5,3 5,0 5,1






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Employee representation? Yes 58 20 35 58 69 76 76 78 84 82 89 No 41 80 64 41 30 23 23 21 15 17 10 No answer 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 10418 1189 2078 1936 975 598 619 399 703 381 1540 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 7049 385 877 1154 583 352 416 260 498 290 2233 Employee representation information Information (name and/or telephone number) is given 70 60 63 66 71 67 75 71 71 73 74 Don't know, but OK to interview employee representative 15 19 17 17 13 16 12 11 13 15 13 Refused 14 19 18 15 15 15 13 17 15 11 12 Not asked (No answer in MM604/MM604b/MM604c/MM605/MM613) 1 2 2 2 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Further contact Yes, agrees 91 92 91 90 92 89 89 91 90 90 90 No, does not agree 8 7 8 8 6 9 9 6 8 9 8 No answer 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 21031 5294 5655 3387 1455 810 838 517 842 477 1756 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 12107 1952 2513 1982 848 465 550 334 594 353 2516 Employee representative interview? Yes 29 9 15 27 35 36 40 38 40 43 48 ER exists, but no interview 30 11 20 32 33 40 36 40 44 39 41 No ER 41 80 64 41 30 23 23 21 15 17 10 No answer 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100


10






Base (unweighted) 3753 409 692 692 360 214 215 149 257 136 629 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1537 80 180 266 128 74 77 67 117 64 484 ER represents ... Whole workforce 52 52 51 50 50 53 50 55 56 54 54 Part only 47 47 49 49 50 46 49 45 42 45 46 No answer 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2057 201 366 410 207 114 126 81 140 83 329 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 722 38 88 132 64 34 37 30 49 29 221 Proportion represented Less than 20% 10 11 12 12 12 10 9 1 9 17 9 20% to less than 40% 27 20 22 22 21 37 31 18 28 30 33 40% to less than 60% 24 25 28 23 29 18 26 43 23 15 21 60% to less than 80% 23 17 22 25 29 19 23 28 30 17 21 80% or more 15 27 15 19 9 16 11 10 10 19 15 No answer 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 166 373 533 301 166 220 126 238 153 1208 Part-time workers in establishment Yes 78 60 65 70 78 70 80 82 81 89 85 No 22 40 35 30 22 30 19 18 17 11 14 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 3262 272 521 580 327 191 225 137 252 158 599 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2705 99 242 374 233 116 176 103 193 137 1030 Reasons for introducing part-time work Mainly the needs of the establishment 18 31 26 23 16 15 18 20 16 12 15 Mainly the wishes of the employees 49 44 46 48 53 56 47 61 55 44 47 Both of equal importance 28 16 23 24 26 19 30 8 23 38 33 Mainly because of other reasons 4 6 3 3 4 7 4 4 4 5 3 Don't know 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from part-time into full-time He or she usually gets an appr. full-time job quickly 25 19 22 29 29 26 20 27 26 24 23 He or she has to wait for some time 37 29 35 28 28 35 38 41 38 43 43 It would be possible only exceptionally 19 17 18 17 20 16 18 14 23 18 20 There is practically no chance 12 25 17 15 14 13 17 11 9 10 7 Not applicable, has never happened 5 10 6 9 6 10 6 2 4 2 3 No answer 2 0 2 2 2 0 1 6 0 3 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 166 373 533 301 166 220 126 238 153 1208 Change from full-time into part-time in skilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 26 24 24 25 27 19 30 30 21 31 29 He or she has to wait for some time 32 25 28 28 28 33 30 28 32 38 37 It would be possible only exceptionally 23 23 23 24 24 24 23 22 30 16 21 There is practically no chance 10 15 15 13 12 10 9 11 8 6 7 Not applicable, has never happened 7 13 10 9 8 10 7 7 8 4 4 No answer 2 1 0 2 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Change from full-time into part-time in unskilled jobs He or she usually gets an appr. part-time job quickly 33 20 26 28 38 23 36 26 35 43 37 He or she has to wait for some time 26 22 23 22 25 33 22 15 27 27 29 It would be possible only exceptionally 15 15 14 16 14 13 15 17 16 13 14 There is practically no chance 11 16 14 13 12 10 12 17 8 6 7 Not applicable, has never happened 14 25 21 17 10 18 12 18 9 9 10 No answer 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 7 4 3 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 166 373 533 301 166 220 126 238 153 1208 Climate for changes from full-time to part-time Encouraging 45 39 45 43 42 44 42 37 48 51 47 Discouraging 30 29 27 30 29 35 31 30 32 24 31 Neither - nor (only asked in CZ, CY, LV, HU, PL, SI) 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 6 4 1 3 No answer 22 28 25 24 26 17 25 27 16 23 18 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Consultation of employee representation for changes Normally 37 33 30 29 35 39 42 39 31 44 41 Sometimes 28 17 24 23 29 21 26 29 39 31 33 Never 20 18 24 24 20 21 22 16 20 18 17 Not applicable, has never happened so far 14 29 21 23 16 17 10 14 9 7 8 Don't know 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 No answer 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 3262 272 521 580 327 191 225 137 252 158 599 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2705 99 242 374 233 116 176 103 193 137 1030 Motivation of part-time workers More motivated 18 13 13 11 16 12 16 17 21 16 23 Less motivated 7 14 8 7 7 9 7 6 8 7 5 No difference 74 71 77 79 76 78 76 72 71 75 70 Don't know 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 4 0 2 1 No answer 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Promotion prospects of part-time workers Better than those of a full-timer with comparable qual. 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 About the same 43 55 51 53 41 39 34 46 41 38 40 Slightly worse 30 19 26 23 32 29 36 26 32 36 32 Significantly worse 19 13 12 16 21 23 22 23 19 17 21 Don't know 5 9 8 5 3 6 6 5 8 9 5 No answer 2 3 3 3 1 4 2 1 1 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Part-time makes work organization Easier 14 15 13 15 13 14 17 12 13 17 14 More complicated 40 39 42 42 36 36 40 32 35 49 41 No difference 43 44 44 40 48 50 43 54 49 34 41 Don't know 2 1 1 2 2 0 0 1 3 1 3 No answer 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 166 373 533 301 166 220 126 238 153 1208 Unusual working hours At night between 10 p.m. and 6.a.m. 44 12 19 27 34 40 44 51 53 51 64 On Saturdays 51 31 34 39 43 48 45 49 60 53 66 On Sundays 41 17 22 27 32 36 35 32 50 48 59 None of these 41 66 61 53 50 42 46 37 31 37 25 Don't know 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 177 126 135 147 159 167 170 169 194 190 214






Base (unweighted) 2785 189 412 456 268 179 190 121 235 135 600 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2061 56 146 246 151 96 118 79 164 96 908 Negotiations about problems with unusual hours Yes 32 20 27 22 28 27 19 29 26 44 40 No 66 78 72 78 71 73 80 67 74 56 58 No answer 1 2 2 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 928 47 129 128 83 58 47 38 78 62 258 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 667 11 39 54 43 26 23 23 43 42 363 IImportance of issue unusual hours Major 60 38 57 65 61 83 58 70 62 43 60 Minor 37 57 41 30 39 15 41 30 35 56 36 No answer 3 4 2 5 0 2 1 4 0 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 928 47 129 128 83 58 47 38 78 62 258 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 667 11 39 54 43 26 23 23 43 42 363 Most problematic unusual hours Work at night between 10 p.m. and 6.a.m. 32 33 35 40 41 34 38 39 24 25 31 Work on Saturdays 18 6 6 15 21 19 11 36 13 15 20 Work on Sundays 30 52 46 27 31 32 33 15 32 50 26 No answer 20 8 13 18 8 15 18 10 31 10 24 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 928 47 129 128 83 58 47 38 78 62 258 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 667 11 39 54 43 26 23 23 43 42 363 Issues to negotiate Necessity to work at these hours 42 45 41 25 37 38 34 45 46 32 46 Selection of employees 34 31 39 25 41 42 24 44 50 58 28 Organization of work at these hours 58 44 50 49 44 59 54 66 56 65 61 Compensation for work at these hours 67 69 54 61 68 81 65 45 64 73 70 Other issues 38 19 22 22 34 28 31 29 35 19 48 No answer 2 0 5 3 1 1 3 0 0 1 2 Total (Multiple responses) 241 209 212 184 225 249 212 230 252 247 256






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 166 373 533 301 166 220 126 238 153 1208 Employees with changing working hours Yes 49 22 29 31 38 52 46 49 59 53 66 No 51 78 70 69 62 48 54 51 41 47 33 No answer 0 0 1 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2200 130 297 333 209 165 158 98 188 108 514 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1693 36 107 165 114 87 100 62 140 82 800 Change from shift to normal working hours He/she usually gets usual working hours quickly 8 11 11 10 4 6 6 12 10 7 7 He or she has to wait for some time 28 19 18 23 26 27 24 27 26 33 31 It would be possible only exceptionally 38 30 33 41 35 40 39 35 42 33 38 There is practically no chance 22 31 29 22 30 20 25 25 18 19 21 Not applicable, has never happened 4 8 8 4 6 6 6 2 2 8 2 No answer 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 166 373 533 301 166 220 126 238 153 1208 Flexible working time arrangements Yes 62 51 48 55 59 66 67 64 56 68 71 No 37 47 50 44 39 33 31 33 43 31 28 No answer 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2794 267 453 505 264 175 192 114 182 124 518 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2165 85 181 291 179 110 148 81 133 105 854 Rationale for introduction of flexible working hours To reduce paid overtime hours 26 14 18 18 37 26 22 24 20 39 31 To make working hours more adaptable to variations in workloads 57 48 51 50 69 72 54 60 55 68 55 To enable employees to better combine work and family or personal life 73 70 69 75 72 69 79 63 71 82 73 To cope with commuting problems 31 24 27 31 28 25 35 38 31 45 31 Other reasons 21 14 15 21 14 18 27 13 15 21 26 Don't know 2 4 3 2 3 1 1 1 3 2 3 No answer 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 211 175 183 198 224 211 218 200 194 258 218






Base (unweighted) 2794 267 453 505 264 175 192 114 182 124 518 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2165 85 181 291 179 110 148 81 133 105 854 Effects of flexible working hours A reduction of paid overtime hours 39 22 28 28 47 50 32 56 39 47 42 A better adaptation of working hours to the workloads 69 52 65 64 73 74 63 68 65 68 75 Lower absenteeism 33 25 29 36 39 29 34 21 34 29 35 Higher degree of job satisfaction 70 66 66 75 70 65 75 69 64 76 70 Other positive effects 38 26 23 34 31 31 45 40 34 48 44 Problems of internal and external communication due to varied working times 21 18 19 17 24 22 27 29 16 35 21 Increased costs 7 6 8 6 6 10 7 5 9 13 6 Other negative effects 11 9 6 7 13 6 8 11 13 11 14 Don't know 2 3 3 2 2 3 1 1 2 1 2 No answer 1 4 0 2 3 1 3 0 2 1 1 Total (Multiple responses) 293 230 248 271 310 290 295 300 279 329 309






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 166 373 533 301 166 220 126 238 153 1208 Employees with overtime work Yes 85 74 79 83 85 81 86 85 85 88 90 No 13 24 18 15 13 15 11 14 13 11 8 Impossible to say, overtime hours are def. by end of year 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Don't know 1 2 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 1 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4335 412 758 790 441 255 279 170 313 171 746 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2993 124 300 446 258 135 190 107 203 136 1093 Forms of overtime work Only exceptionally 47 61 54 52 47 62 37 50 44 38 42 Regularly 25 22 25 20 23 15 34 16 27 23 28 Both forms 28 17 20 27 30 23 29 32 29 39 30 Don't know 0 0 1 1 0 0 No answer 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1927 140 292 333 196 100 154 73 153 94 392 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1570 48 133 208 136 52 119 51 112 83 627 Proportion of regular overtime work Practically all 8 22 15 11 7 9 8 4 2 6 7 Most 25 27 21 20 26 22 25 27 25 18 27 Some 40 20 41 37 37 51 45 35 48 52 39 Very few only 22 28 20 29 26 12 22 31 23 21 19 Don't know 2 3 3 2 1 0 0 1 0 3 No answer 3 4 1 1 1 5 1 4 1 3 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4335 412 758 790 441 255 279 170 313 171 746 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2993 124 300 446 258 135 190 107 203 136 1093 Consultation of employee representation Informed/consulted before overtime hours have to be done 44 43 35 37 42 46 53 46 41 47 48 Informed afterwards only 17 10 11 13 21 20 15 18 17 22 20 Not informed/consulted at all 37 45 52 48 36 32 30 36 42 30 29 No answer 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 0 0 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1640 167 251 295 170 98 114 65 119 63 298 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1320 53 106 165 108 62 100 49 83 64 530 Negotiations to avoid/reduce overtime work Yes 67 45 58 53 68 66 72 69 65 68 73 No 32 53 39 43 31 34 25 31 34 32 25 Don't know 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 No answer 1 2 1 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Negotiations about organisation of overtime work Yes 63 47 65 54 69 65 68 66 75 71 62 No 36 53 34 43 31 35 32 34 25 29 37 No answer 1 0 1 2 1 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4335 412 758 790 441 255 279 170 313 171 746 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2993 124 300 446 258 135 190 107 203 136 1093 Choice of overtime workers Selected 18 22 20 27 18 16 21 18 16 12 15 Volunteers 45 51 50 43 45 46 47 38 43 41 44 Both 33 22 24 26 33 34 28 37 34 46 39 Don't know 2 2 2 1 3 3 3 5 4 0 1 No answer 2 3 3 3 1 1 0 2 2 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2146 179 340 399 221 129 146 93 151 91 397 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1539 54 134 235 132 68 94 58 103 79 583 Refusal of overtime work possible Yes 72 72 76 73 68 81 71 77 73 63 70 No 25 23 19 25 28 18 25 23 25 24 26 Don't know 3 3 3 1 3 0 3 2 8 2 No answer 1 3 1 1 0 1 1 0 4 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4335 412 758 790 441 255 279 170 313 171 746 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2993 124 300 446 258 135 190 107 203 136 1093 Payment or time off for overtime work Paid for 14 23 17 20 12 18 11 10 17 13 11 Compensated by time off 23 24 27 20 26 26 28 20 14 23 22 Both - extra-payment or compensation by time off 60 46 50 57 59 55 59 68 69 61 65 Neither - nor 2 6 5 4 2 0 2 2 1 1 1 No answer 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2429 197 391 420 244 140 164 111 191 97 474 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1809 57 150 255 151 75 112 72 140 83 715 If both is possible: most common compensation By payment 24 31 28 25 24 29 22 27 27 22 23 By time off 38 35 38 36 35 32 40 38 32 40 40 Both alternatives are of approximately the same importance 35 32 32 35 39 37 34 35 38 37 35 No answer 3 1 3 4 2 1 4 3 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 166 373 533 301 166 220 126 238 153 1208 Importance of overtime work issue Major issue 29 12 15 19 29 25 29 25 31 33 39 Minor issue 45 45 45 43 46 49 50 50 41 53 43 Not a topic at all 26 40 39 37 24 25 21 25 27 13 18 No answer 1 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Position of employee representation to overtime work Aims to reduce overtime in general 34 31 24 24 29 38 35 30 35 33 42 Accepts overtime hours to respond to workload peaks 50 44 55 52 55 51 52 50 48 57 46 Welcomes overt. hours as a means to earn some extra money 10 12 11 16 12 5 7 14 8 8 8 No answer 6 13 10 8 5 6 5 6 9 3 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 166 373 533 301 166 220 126 238 153 1208 Employees aged 50 years or older Yes 97 87 93 96 99 96 99 100 99 99 99 No 2 12 7 4 1 3 1 0 1 1 1 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 4980 489 884 931 507 298 320 193 357 191 810 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3396 145 347 512 299 160 217 126 236 151 1201 Phased retirement offered Yes 45 32 40 39 40 36 45 37 48 57 52 No 50 59 52 56 54 60 48 58 46 41 44 No answer 5 9 8 5 7 3 7 5 5 2 4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1833 143 310 326 188 98 121 72 155 89 331 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1534 46 138 202 119 58 98 47 114 87 626 Employer encourages/tries to prevent from phased retirement Encourages 29 25 33 39 29 29 32 37 27 35 23 Tries to prevent them 14 10 14 12 11 17 11 12 16 8 15 Neither - nor 55 58 49 47 59 46 55 46 56 56 59 No answer 3 7 4 2 1 8 3 5 1 1 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 166 373 533 301 166 220 126 238 153 1208 Possibility of early retirement Yes 62 44 50 57 62 55 66 62 67 70 69 No 32 42 37 36 32 39 31 31 28 28 28 No answer 6 15 12 8 6 5 3 7 5 3 3 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 2965 254 497 515 310 164 206 123 225 124 547 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2169 72 188 302 187 92 146 78 160 107 837 Employer encourages/tries to prevent from early retirement Encourages 35 24 32 34 27 49 32 32 38 41 36 Tries to prevent them 13 13 11 14 17 17 15 15 6 11 13 Neither - nor 49 59 52 49 54 30 50 50 51 47 49 No answer 3 4 5 4 1 4 2 3 4 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 909 50 130 152 95 71 66 40 72 44 189 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 753 18 61 102 51 45 47 25 61 44 301 Encouraging early retirement In order to cope with problems of decreasing productivity or poor health 34 35 30 34 29 31 35 44 36 37 35 In order to reduce the average age of the workforce 34 29 37 22 24 46 31 33 35 47 35 In order to reduce staff 55 34 52 49 46 64 63 39 46 48 62 Other reasons 30 39 24 35 49 32 36 41 47 27 21 Don't know 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 No answer 0 0 2 1 1 1 Total (Multiple responses) 155 140 145 142 150 175 166 159 165 159 155






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 166 373 533 301 166 220 126 238 153 1208 Initiatives to improve work-life balance A general reduction in weekly working hours 44 40 42 39 38 51 41 49 48 43 48 Introduce or extend flexi-time or working time accounts 53 44 53 50 61 56 59 43 60 52 53 Introduce or extend long-term leave options 41 32 35 37 44 41 42 30 46 56 43 Reduce overtime or introduce time-off in lieu 49 36 39 42 48 56 51 46 49 52 56 Introduce or extend opportunities to work part-time 47 31 38 47 43 42 46 41 50 63 51 Introduce or extend opportunities for phased retirement 61 53 56 56 60 64 65 64 62 62 65 Introduce or extend opportunities for early retirement 62 54 56 59 61 59 62 62 64 65 67 Better possibilities to change to normal working hours 33 11 20 20 29 29 30 33 43 37 45 Others 9 5 7 10 6 9 6 6 9 5 11 No actions needed 4 9 5 4 4 2 3 5 3 3 4 No answer 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 0 1 Total (Multiple responses) 406 315 353 368 396 410 407 379 437 440 445






Base (unweighted) 3774 365 660 705 385 232 235 150 262 153 627 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 2764 112 270 404 241 133 176 103 187 129 1009 Most desirable working time initiative A general reduction in weekly working hours 20 19 21 17 14 15 17 30 21 18 23 Introduce or extend flexi-time or working time accounts 29 26 29 27 30 32 31 23 32 36 29 Introduce or extend long-term leave options 4 5 4 5 3 4 7 2 2 2 4 Reduce overtime or introduce time-off in lieu 10 10 8 13 14 12 12 13 12 8 8 Introduce or extend opportunities to work part-time 7 6 7 10 6 2 4 3 4 15 7 Introduce or extend opportunities for phased retirement 12 16 13 12 12 18 11 7 8 11 11 Introduce or extend opportunities for early retirement 9 14 12 9 15 6 10 15 8 4 7 Better possibilities to change to normal working hours 5 2 4 3 5 7 7 6 9 5 6 Others 3 0 2 2 1 2 0 2 0 6 No answer 1 2 1 1 0 2 0 1 2 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 166 373 533 301 166 220 126 238 153 1208 Work-life balance in the establishment Very easy 9 11 12 9 12 10 14 9 8 7 7 Quite easy 56 63 55 62 55 57 55 57 56 62 52 Quite difficult 26 19 25 21 25 25 25 26 24 20 30 Very difficult 6 6 5 5 5 6 4 5 8 5 8 No answer 3 1 3 3 3 1 2 3 4 6 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 1580 134 260 270 168 102 90 71 121 58 306 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 1116 41 111 139 90 51 65 39 75 38 466 Reason for difficulties with work-life balance Nature of work 60 82 63 55 57 57 61 49 58 83 59 Employer's attitude 11 2 8 16 13 23 14 19 16 5 8 Both of equal importance 26 15 25 23 29 19 25 30 26 12 30 No answer 2 1 4 6 2 1 0 1 1 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 166 373 533 301 166 220 126 238 153 1208 Work-life balance as task of the company 0 = It is not at all the task ... 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 2 1 3 0 3 0 1 2 1 3 3 5 3 3 7 4 2 0 3 9 1 4 5 4 7 5 6 3 7 2 6 4 4 5 25 27 26 25 23 22 17 30 24 22 26 6 12 10 11 14 11 14 11 10 11 15 11 7 17 18 17 16 19 16 19 26 20 15 16 8 20 18 17 19 20 17 23 17 20 16 22 9 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 5 2 4 2 10 = The company should definitely consider ... 12 9 11 11 6 18 14 7 12 12 14 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mean 6,5 6,3 6,4 6,5 6,1 6,7 6,7 6,6 6,6 6,4 6,7






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 166 373 533 301 166 220 126 238 153 1208 Relationship management - employee representation Very co-operative 25 32 26 23 24 26 27 21 21 26 26 Quite co-operative 54 49 56 53 56 50 56 57 54 47 54 Quite strained 16 14 14 17 16 18 12 20 21 22 14 Very strained 4 4 3 5 3 5 5 1 4 3 4 No answer 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 3 1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Employee-related problems High absenteeism and/or sickness rate 30 12 24 23 23 28 26 44 29 36 38 Difficulties in finding staff for skilled jobs 38 30 36 39 41 34 43 48 33 44 38 Difficulties in finding staff for low skilled or unskilled jobs 10 9 13 11 13 8 11 12 9 12 8 Difficulties in retaining staff 17 14 14 15 17 18 18 20 15 20 19 A need to reduce staff levels 33 17 23 26 30 33 38 31 26 37 41 Low motivation of staff 34 20 27 32 36 38 37 41 38 42 35 Other problems 24 9 16 20 22 16 25 18 27 15 32 No problems 18 38 25 23 18 18 11 9 20 16 13 No answer 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Total (Multiple responses) 204 150 179 190 200 193 209 223 197 221 225






Base (unweighted) 5232 565 971 978 515 307 324 195 360 196 821 Base (weighted in 10.000) **) 3485 166 373 533 301 166 220 126 238 153 1208 Proportion of trade union members None 4 9 8 7 5 4 2 0 3 1 1 Less than 20% 31 26 26 37 39 27 36 25 35 32 29 20% to less than 40% 20 11 18 18 19 19 19 24 24 26 22 40% to less than 60% 16 11 13 8 13 20 23 22 11 11 20 60% to less than 80% 11 9 11 10 10 10 7 10 11 11 13 80% to less than 100% 11 19 14 12 8 13 8 8 9 9 11 All 4 13 8 4 3 4 2 3 2 3 1 Don't know 3 2 3 3 1 3 2 6 4 5 2 No answer 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Respondent is trade union member Yes 82 76 77 73 76 82 83 84 84 84 90 No 17 24 23 27 24 18 17 16 16 13 9 No answer 0 0 0 3 0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100


establishment survey on working time and work-life balance

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