estimating co 2 emissions reduction by example

CD4CDM

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Estimating CO2 Emissions Reduction

by example

Climate Change Information Center

November 6, 2003

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On Emissions from Power Plants:

Power Generation (MWh)

Emission Factor (Tons CO2/MWh)

X=CO2 Emissions (tons CO2)

=

X

44g/moleCO2

12g/moleC

X1 ton C

1 kgC

TJvol unit of fuel X

kgCTJ

Xvol fuel

consumedMwh output

conversion factors

Plant based- actual data

Carbon emission factor, per fuel type - IPCC

Net calorific value, country specific, per fuel type - IPCC


GHG = EFA X

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X=CO2 Emissions (tons CO2)

On Emissions from Power Plants :


=Installe

d Capacit

y (MW)

XPlant

Capacity

(%)

8760 hours in a year

X

On Emissions from a Power Grid :

Total CO2 Emissions (tons

CO2)

= t Op * Pt*CEFt

Emission factor for specific technology and

or fuel type(tons CO2/MWh)

Total electricity generation output of grid (MWh)

Percentage contribution to

grid (%)

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On Emissions from a Power Grid :

Total CO2 Emissions

= t Op * Pt*CEFt

= Op t Pt*CEFt

= Op* CEFwt.ave

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Module

Submodule

WorksheetSheet

Year

Fuel Typekg CO2/

kWh

Generation Mix , %

EF (kgCO2/kWh)

Oil-based 0.798 11.58 0.09Diesel 0.764 9.18 0.07Hydro 0 10.29 0.00Geothermal 0 21.68 0.00Coal 0.94 47.22 0.44Natural Gas 0.581 0.05 0.00

1000.61

Energy

CO2 Emissions from Total Electricity

Consumption per city/municipality

1-A Supplementary - Worksheet to

compute for CO2 Emission Factor

(kgCO2/kWH)1 of 12000

Step 1 - Calculate for Weighted CO2 Emission Factor

Total PercentageWeighted EF

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Module

Submodule Worksheet

SheetYear

A B C D

City/MunicipalityEmission Factor (kg CO2/kWh)

Electricity Consumption

(MWh)

CO2

Emissions (Gg CO2)

From 1-1 A D = B x C*10-3

City A 0.61 164,346 99.70

Step 2 - Calculate for CO2 emissions

EnergyCO2 Emissions from Electricity

Consumption1-11 of 12000

Total CO2 Emissions

= Op* CEFwt.ave

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Conversion Factors

1 kiloton = 1000 tons = 1,000,000 kg

1000 tons = 1 kiloton = 1 Gigagram

1 GWh = 1000 MWh = 1,000,000 kWh

1 ton = 1000 kg = 1,000,000 g

Kilo = 103

Mega = 106

Giga = 109

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Project boundary

• Shall encompass all anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases under the control of the participants that are reasonably attributable to the CDM Project activity

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Leakage

• Defined as the net change of anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) which is measurable and attributable to the CDM project activity.

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Example 1: Aquarius Hydroelectric Project(Small Scale Project)

Description of the project activity:

• Host country: Brazil

• generate electricity using hydroelectric resources to sell to the power grid.

• Hydroelectric power with 4.2 MW installed capacity = 25,755 MWh/year

• categorized as I-D (Renewable Energy Project - renewable electricity for a grid)

• baseline methodology - baseline is average of “operating margin” and “build margin”

• crediting period is 7 years

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Aquarius Hydroelectric Project

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Sources On-Site Off-Site Direct - CO2 emissions during

project construction - excluded - emissions during operation (production of electricity from hydro power) – negligible = 0

- One-step upstream: emissions due to transport of construction materials and equipment to project site- excluded

- Downstream: Transmissions and distribution losses

Indirect (leakage)

None are expected

Emissions from manufacture of parts, supplies and machinery required for building the project – excluded.

emissions at the national grid that would be displaced by providing renewable power – baseline emissions

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Step 1. Determine expected annual electricity production of project

Step 2. Determine expected project emissions

Step 3. Determine baseline emissions

i) determine baseline methodology

ii) compute for emission factors

iii) compute for baseline emissions

Step 4. Determine annual emissions reduction

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Step 1. Determine expected annual electricity production of project

XPlant

Capacity Factor (%)

Annual Plant Electricity

Output (MWh/yr)

=Installed

Plant Capacity (MW)

X Hours year

XPlant

Capacity Factor (%)

= 4.2 MW X 70% X 8760Hours year

= 25,755 MWh/year

Annual Plant Electricity

Output

• how much electricity the hydropower project will deliver annually

• how much electricity will be displaced from the grid

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Step 2. Determine expected project emissions

Power Generatio

n (MWh/year)


X=Annual

CO2 Emissions (tons CO2)

= 25,755 MWh/year

X Zero (0)

Zero project emissions

=Annual CO2 Emissions (tons CO2)

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“operating margin” - grid mix of all generating sources serving the system, excluding hydro, geothermal, wind, low-cost biomass, nuclear and solar generation

“build margin” - grid mix of recent capacity additions (newly installed plants) defined as lower of most recent 20% of plants built or the 5 most recently built plants

EFbase = (EFoperating + EFbuild)/2

Step 3. Determine baseline emissionsi) determine baseline methodology

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GRID

Hydro

Diesel

Coal

Wind

Geothermal

Nat Gas

Solar

Priority Source Dispatched to GridSources most likely to be displaced by Project

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Generation with diesel

199.3 GWh Actual (SIESEE)

Diesel consumption

72,236 Million liters/year

Actual (SIESEE)

Specific consumption

363 Liter/MWh* calculated

Calorific value (Diesel)

10,700 Kcal/liter Reference value

Diesel EF 20.0 Tons C/TJ Reference value

Emission factor 1.190 KgCO2/kWH Calculated

EF = Calorific value

X Carbon EFXSpecific consumption

X Conversion factors

* page 30 of Aquarius PDD (Liter/MWh)

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operating margin -mix composed of diesel-fueled (199.3 GWh) and natural gas-fueled (420.5GWh) power plants

• diesel EF = 1.190 kg CO2/kWh (32%)• nat gas EF = 0.690 kgCO2/kWh (68%)• weighted EF = 0.851 kgCO2/kWh

build marginrecent mix composed of two natural gas-fueled (718

GWh) and three hydroelectric (883 GWh) power plants• nat gas EF = 0.690 kgCO2/kWh (45%)• hydro EF = 0 kgCO2/kWh (55%)• weighted EF = 0.310 kgCO2/kWh

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EFbase = (EFoperating + EFbuild)/2

= (0.851 + 0.310)/2

EFbase = 0.580 kgCO2/kWh


iii) compute for baseline emissions (annual)

0.580 kgCO2/kWhX

25,755MWh=

Annual CO2

Emissions (tons CO2) X

1000kWh1MWh X

1tonCO2

1000kgCO2

= 14,942 tons CO2

Annual CO2 Emissions (tons CO2)

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Step 4. Determine annual emissions reduction

Eredn = Ebase - Eproject

=14, 942 tons CO2 - 0

= 14,942 tons CO2

Emissions reductions1 year 14,942 tons CO2

7 years 104,594 tons CO2



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Thank you!

Climate Change Information CenterManila ObservatoryAteneo de Manila Campus Loyola Heights, Quezon CityTel. No. 426-5921Email: [email protected]

estimating co 2 emissions reduction by example

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