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Appendix B

ETAP Software


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Appendix C [ETAP SOFTWARE]

5 Stars Hotel Page 425

1. Select new to create a new project, the dialogue box at fi g(1) will appear, you

have to enter the project name and select your unit system then press (OK),

a er that a dialogue box will appear as shown at fi g(2), you enter the user

name, password is optional if you need security at your project.

fig (1)

fig (2)


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2. A er press (OK), the main so ware screen will appear at fi g(3)

fi g (3)

3. Select different elements from software library, you can select (AC) elements as

shown at fi g(6) such as power grid, generators, induc on machines,

synchronous machines and different types of loads also protective devices and

contactors, beside that it contains filters for harmonics and capacitor which

helps you to do a power factor correction for a given system.

Also it contains measuring elements such as voltmeters and ammeters, also it

contains current and potential transformers, and protective devices such as

over current relay, reverse power relay, frequency relay and all you need for protection.

Library provides selection of (DC) elements such as dc machines, dc loads, UPS,

inverters, battery chargers and buses.


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fi g (4)

4. Select items from library and drag them in the work sheet, and build your

system as shown at fi g(5), here you are at “edit mode”

fi g (5)

5. Use the button to make zoom in and increase the scale of diagram, also

you can use the button to make zoom out to decrease the scale, so you can

move freely through the diagram, also use to make auto scale which will

make all the diagram appear at work sheet, however it is very small as shown

at fi g(5).


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6. Enter data for each element of the network, for utility, double lift click on it at

the network, a window will appear, enters data on it at rating options. This

data we obtain it from utility, you can see at fi g(6).

fi g (6)

7. For each transformer, enter primary and secondary voltages, also enter MVA

ra ng (2 MVA), you change units from MVA to KVA by lift click of mouse on the

button MVA, after that press on the button (Typical Z&X/R) to give you their

values automa cally according to standards. This shown in fi g(7)

fi g (7)


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8. To enter data for buses, double click by mouse button on the bus then a window

will appear as shown at fi g(8), you have to enter nominal voltage of bus in units

of KV, you can also change its name like all components. you can also enter

values for minimum and maximum values for load diversity factors.

For nominal bus voltage, enter it as 0.38 KV for low voltage buses, but for

medium voltage buses you have to enter it as 11 KV.

fi g (8)

9. To enter data for loads, this can be shown at fi g(9), you can enter KW or KVA,

also enter pf and the value of current will be calculated automatically.

fi g (9)


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10.To enter data for motors, double click on the selected motor, a window will

appear as shown at fi g(10), you have to enter data a er you press ’Nameplate’

button to open rating window for you, you can enter data in form of ‘HP’ or

‘KW’ by one lift click on the button ‘ HP’, after a second window as shown at

fi g(11) will give you data of selected rating according to NEC, press the button(select) to fi ll other data of motor that isn’t completed at fi g(10), this can be

shown at fi g(12) with complete data of motor according to manufacturing

standards.

fi g (10)


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fi g (11)

fi g (12)


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11.At motors you can also select load type, such as fan load, pump load, closed

valve load, open valve load and many categories of loads, for example to select

load type for the previous motor, press on the button (Start Dev) at the previous

window shown at fi g(13), you can also enter the value of motor iner a and

acceleration time at no load and at full load, press on the button ”Load Model Lib” as shown at fi g(14), another window will appear and ask you to select your

load type from the sliding window and a graph of load will appear.

fi g (13)

fi g (14)


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12.To enter data for lamped loads, double click on selected lamped load, a window

will appear as shown in fi g(15), select “nameplate” then choose value of (KVA)

or (MVA) as you prefer, then choose value of power factor in percentage.

fi g(15)

13.To enter data for cables, double click on the selected cable, a window will

appear as shown in fi g(16). Select length of cable, press on the bu on “Library”

another window will appear as shown in fi g(17). At this window you can select

size of your cable, system frequency and type of insulation.

fi g (16)


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fi g (17)

14.There is another method if you didn’t find your desired cable in the program

library at the window shown in fig(16), select cable length then press on the

bu on “impedance” as shown in fi g(18), then a window will appear you can

enter cable impedance through that window. This is shown at fi g(19).

fig (18)


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fig (19)

15.The soft ware allows user to set load flow analysis, short circuit calculation,

motor starting analysis, harmonic analysis, transient stability analysis, relay

coordination and DC calculations, this can be selected from icons as shown at

fi g(20).

fig (20)


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16.Select to perform the load flow analysis to find system flows such as KW,

KVAR, KVA, current and power factor. This is shown at fi g(21), here they are in

terms of “kw + j kvar “ and value of bus voltage in percentage. Fig(21) shows

sec on at transformer 1.

fig (21)


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17.Press the button the window as shown at fi g(22) will appear which allow

you to select data that appears on the diagram after calculation of load flow.

Now select “Amp” and “%Pf.” and press (OK).

fig (22)


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18.Press the button to detect if there are any warnings or alarms that will

happen, this can be shown at fi g(23), it will be helpful to determine if there are

under voltage or over voltages through the network.

fig (23)

19.This values are acceptable and not represent any problems, but if you need to

cancel them we can increase the value if secondary voltage by increasing

tapping ratio, double click on the transformer, a window will appear as shown

in fi g(24), increase tapping value from 0.38 Kv to 0.39 Kv, do it for the twotransformers.

fig (24)


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20.To perform short circuit calculation press on the icon different types of

calcula ons will appear as shown at fi g(25).

fig (25)

21.Bus 3 is selected to be the faulty bus at fi g(26).

fi g(26)

22. Press on the button to view all calculations or report, you can save it as pdf

format, or word format, some of “Report Manager” for calculations are shown

at chapter of short circuit calculations.

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