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ETAP PowerStation 4.0 User Guide Copyright 2001 Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved This manual has copyrights by Operation Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Operation Technology, Inc. The Licensee may copy portions of this documentation only for the exclusive use of Licensee. Any reproduction shall include the copyright notice. This exception does not allow copies to be made for other persons or entities, whether or not sold. Under this law, copying includes translating into another language. Certain names and/or logos used in this document may constitute trademarks, service marks, or trade names of Operation Technology, Inc. or other entities. Access, Excel, ODBC, SQL Server, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows Me, Windows 98, Windows XP, and Microsoft Word are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. AutoCad is a registered trademark of Autodesk. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation. PowerPlot is a registered trademark of Jackson & Associates. Crystal Reports is a registered trademark of Seagate Software. MATLAB and Simulink are registered trademarks of MathWorks Screen shot(s) reprinted by permission from Microsoft Corporation. Operation Technology, Inc. believes that the information contained herein is accurate as of its publication date, and such information is subject to change without notice. This information is provided “as is” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non- infringement. Operation Technology, Inc. assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this publication or any other documents referenced in this publication. Operation Technology, Inc. Southern California (949) 462-0100 Sales (949) 462-0400 Fax (949) 462-0400 User Support

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Page 1: ETAP PowerStation 4 - ISI Academy PDF/Chapter 29 - Panel...ETAP PowerStation ... To add a panel to a one-line diagram, click on the panel symbol from the AC Edit Toolbar, which

ETAP PowerStation 4.0

User Guide

Copyright 2001 Operation Technology, Inc.

All Rights Reserved This manual has copyrights by Operation Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Operation Technology, Inc. The Licensee may copy portions of this documentation only for the exclusive use of Licensee. Any reproduction shall include the copyright notice. This exception does not allow copies to be made for other persons or entities, whether or not sold. Under this law, copying includes translating into another language. Certain names and/or logos used in this document may constitute trademarks, service marks, or trade names of Operation Technology, Inc. or other entities. • Access, Excel, ODBC, SQL Server, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows Me, Windows

98, Windows XP, and Microsoft Word are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. • AutoCad is a registered trademark of Autodesk. • Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation. • PowerPlot is a registered trademark of Jackson & Associates. • Crystal Reports is a registered trademark of Seagate Software. • MATLAB and Simulink are registered trademarks of MathWorks • Screen shot(s) reprinted by permission from Microsoft Corporation. Operation Technology, Inc. believes that the information contained herein is accurate as of its publication date, and such information is subject to change without notice. This information is provided “as is” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement. Operation Technology, Inc. assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this publication or any other documents referenced in this publication.

Operation Technology, Inc. Southern California

(949) 462-0100 Sales (949) 462-0400 Fax (949) 462-0400 User Support

Page 2: ETAP PowerStation 4 - ISI Academy PDF/Chapter 29 - Panel...ETAP PowerStation ... To add a panel to a one-line diagram, click on the panel symbol from the AC Edit Toolbar, which

Chapter 29

Panel Systems

Panel Systems are an integral part of ETAP PowerStation used for representing power and lighting panels in electrical systems. PowerStation provides a comprehensive model for designing and scheduling AC panel systems including 3-Phase and 1-Phase panels. 3-Phase panels can be either 3-Wire or 4-Wire panels. 1-Phase panels can be set up as 2-Wire or 3-Wire. A panel is a collection of branch circuits feeding system loads. PowerStation supports an unlimited number of circuits within a panel. A branch circuit in a panel is modeled with complete details, which includes connected load information, protective device ratings, and feeder data. The PowerStation panel model is supported by a comprehensive breaker, fuse, and cable libraries. Default and typical data are provided to save you time and money when designing and scheduling panels. PowerStation allows you to graphically connect sub-panels to upstream panels. There is no limit. In PowerStation, a panel branch circuit load can be modeled as an internal or external load. If the load is connected physically to a panel on the one-line diagram, for example the motor BLR-MTR in the diagram below, it is known as an external load. Loads that are not connected physically to the panel are referred as Internal Loads. The total load fed by branches connected to a panel circuit are calculated and displayed on the panel schedule. Note that the system connected to a panel circuit may itself represent a complete sub-system with all PowerStation elements. For example, in the diagram below, one of the Main-Panel circuits is connected to the Panel-67 through a cable and a transformer. In this case, PowerStation calculates the total load of the Panel-67 and displays it on the corresponding circuit in the Main-Panel schedule. PowerStation performs the calculation to include all downstream loads. Connections forming loops between branches emanating from panel circuits are not allowed.

Operation Technology, Inc. 29-1 ETAP PowerStation 4.0

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Panel Systems Introduction

-2 ETAP PowerStation 4.0

PowerStation maintains the electrical integrity of the system while allowing you to make panel connections. For example, PowerStation will not allow connection of a 3-Phase 4-Wire panel to a panel circuit that is 1-Phase.

Operation Technology, Inc. 29

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Panel Systems Graphical User Interface (GUI)

29.1 Graphical User Interface (GUI) PowerStation provides a fully Graphical User Interface (GUI) for adding a panel to your one-line diagram. Here, you can graphically add, delete, relocate, connect elements, zoom in or out, display grid on or off, change element size, change element orientation, change symbols, hide or show protective devices, enter properties, set operating status, etc.

29.1.1 Add Panels To add a panel to a one-line diagram, click on the panel symbol from the AC Edit Toolbar, which changes the cursor shape to a panel’s picture. Now you can drop the panel at any position on the one-line diagram by clicking the mouse. After dropping the panel, the cursor goes back to its original arrow shape. If you double-click on the Edit Toolbar, you can place multiple copies of the panel in the one-line diagram.

29.1.2 Panel Pins Each panel has one or more (5, 9, 13, 17, 21 or 24) pins. A pin is a graphical tool (represented by a small, red square indicating the connection point) to connect elements together. You can right click on a panel in the one-line diagram to select the number of pins (external connections) allowed from a panel as shown below. The program allows up to 24 external load connections. The default is four external connections.

The figure below shows the panel pin assignment. The pin assignments are not necessarily the same as the panel circuit numbers. Pin 0 is the top pin of the panel. This pin is used to connect the panel to its source element. The top pin of a panel can be connected only to a bus or to any pin other than the top pin of another panel. The connection may include protective devices.

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Panel Systems Graphical User Interface (GUI)

External loads including a sub-panel can be connected to Pins 1 through 24 of a Panel. These pins can be connected to all PowerStation elements excluding dc elements, three-winding transformer, power grid, synchronous generator, and composite motor.

29.1.3 Panel Connections PowerStation maintains electrical integrity while making connections in the one-line diagram. The panel top pin can be connected to a bus or another panel circuit (through an external load pin) only when the connection is electrically feasible. Following are the rules of connecting the top pin of a panel to a bus or another panel circuit. Connecting a panel refers to connecting the top pin of the panel.

3-Phase Panels • A 3-Phase 3-Wire or 3-Phase 4-Wire panel can be connected to a 3-Phase bus. It cannot be connected

to a 1-Phase bus. • A 3-Phase 3-Wire or 3-Phase 4-Wire panel can be connected to a panel circuit with 3 poles. It cannot

be connected to Panel circuits with 1 or 2 poles.

1-Phase 3-Wire Panels • A 1-Phase 3-Wire panel can be connected to a 1-Phase 3-Wire bus. It cannot be connected to a 3-

Phase or 1-Phase 2-Wire bus. • A 1-Phase 3-Wire panel cannot be connected directly to a panel circuit.

1-Phase 2-Wire Panels • A 1-Phase 2-Wire panel can be connected to a 3-Phase, 1-Phase 3-Wire or 1-Phase 2-Wire bus. • A 1-Phase 2-Wire panel can be connected to a panel circuit with 1 or 2 poles. It cannot be connected

directly to a panel circuit with 3 poles.

Operation Technology, Inc. 29-4 ETAP PowerStation 4.0

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This should be removed.
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Discuss this
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Panel Systems Graphical User Interface (GUI)

29.1.4 External & Internal Loads There are two types of loads linked to PowerStation Panels: External and Internal loads. PowerStation provides these two options to make data entry easier and system representation more concise. There is no physical difference between internal and external loads. External loads are graphically connected to a panel through external pin on the one-line diagram. PowerStation’s graphical representation of a panel allows for up to 24 connections externally. For example, in the diagram below, AC, Mtr9 and Panel-15 are the external loads connected to Panel-21.

Internal loads are embedded in the panel editor and are not graphically connected to the panel on the one-line diagram. For example, in the diagram below, Load1, Load2, Main-Pump, Load5, and Load6 are internal loads in the panel.

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Panel Systems Graphical User Interface (GUI)

29.1.5 The Panel Editor The panel editor provides a user-friendly graphical interface with a lot of suitable default values and built-in electrical intelligence. The editor fields are designed in a manner to minimize data entry errors while eliminating the repetitive task in completing panel schedules. The properties associated with a panel can be entered in the panel editor. The Panel Editor contains six pages. • Info Page – for entering Panel ID, Phase Connection, Status of Main Disconnect • Rating Page -- for entering Panel Rating, Main Disconnect Rating, # of Circuits • Schedule Page -- for entering Rating / Loading / PD / Feeder of individual circuits • Summary Page -- for entering Loading Summary, total connected, continuous, non-continuous and

code demand load • Remarks Page -- for entering remarks and other user information • Comment Page -- for entering text comment The Header on each page of a panel editor displays the rated kV and rated Amps of the panel.

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Info Page

29.2 Panel Editor - Info Page Within the Info Page, specify the panel ID, connected Bus ID, In/Out of Service, Equipment FDR (feeder) Tag, load Priority, Name and Description, Data Type, Configuration Status, Main Disconnect Status, Phase Connection, and Phase Arrangement.

Info

ID Enter a unique ID with up to 25 alphanumeric characters. PowerStation automatically assigns a unique ID to each panel. The assigned IDs consist of default panel ID plus an integer, starting with the number one and increasing as the number of panels increase. The default panel ID (Pnl) can be changed from the Defaults Menu in the menu bar or from the Project View.

Bus / Element This is the ID of the connecting bus or upstream element for the panel. If the terminal is not connected to any bus, a blank entry will be shown for the bus ID. To connect or reconnect a panel to a bus, select a bus from the list box. The one-line diagram will be updated to show the new connection after you click on OK. Note that you can only connect to buses that reside in the same view where the panel resides. For example, you cannot connect to a bus that resides in the Dumpster or in another composite network. If a panel is connected to a bus through a number of protective devices, reconnection of the panel to a new bus from this editor will reconnect the last existing protective device to the new bus, as shown below where Aux-Loads is reconnected from Bus4 to Bus5.

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Info Page

Next to the bus ID, PowerStation displays the nominal kV of the bus for your convenience. A panel can also be connected to another panel as shown below. In this case, PowerStation displays the ID of the upstream panel.

In/Out of Service: The operating condition of a panel can be selected by choosing either the In-Service or Out-of-Service options. The properties of an Out-of-Service panel can be edited like an In-Service panel; however, an Out-of-Service panel will not be included in any system studies. When the continuity check is activated, an Out-of-Service panel automatically becomes dimmed in the one-line diagram.

Configuration

Main Disconnect Status You can change the status of the panel main disconnect (for the selected configuration) by clicking on the Close or Open options. Once a configuration status is selected for a one-line presentation, any subsequent manipulation of the status will be saved under the specified configuration. If the Main Disconnect on the Rating Page is set to None (Lugs Only), the status is set to close and disabled (grayed out). Note that status is not a part of the panel engineering properties. For this reason, the name of the configuration status is shown above the Main Disconnect Status of the panel to indicate that this is the main disconnect status under the specific configuration.

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Info Page

For example, you can have different operating status under different configurations. In the following example, status of a panel is shown as Close under Normal configuration and Open under Emergency configuration.

Equipment

FDR Tag Enter the feeder tag in this field, up to 25 alphanumeric characters.

Name Enter equipment name, up to 50 alphanumeric characters.

Description Enter equipment description, up to 100 alphanumeric characters.

Data Type This field provides a convenient way to track data entry. Select one of the data types (such as estimate, typical, vendor, final, etc.) from the list box. As the data is updated, this field can be changed to reflect the source of the latest data. There are a total of 10 load types. Their names can be changed from the Project Menu under Settings and Data Type.

Priority Select the load priority of this panel from the list box. This field can be used for load priority, operating priority, load-shedding priority, etc. Ten different priorities are provided to select from. Priorities may be chosen from the Project Menu under Settings and Load Priority.

Connection PowerStation classifies panels into 4 types depending on their connection. 3-Phase 4-Wire Panel 3-Phase 3-Wire Panel 1-Phase 3-Wire Panel 1-Phase 2-Wire Panel PowerStation has built-in electrical intelligence that allows a panel to be connected to buses or elements that have compatible phase connections. For example, a 3-Phase 4-Wire panel cannot be connected to a 1-Phase bus. Note that a 1-Phase 3-Wire panel cannot be connected to a 3-Phase bus. Panel connection can be changed only if there are no external connections from the panel. When panel connection is changed the data for all circuits on the Schedule Page is reset.

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Info Page

Phase This is the phase connection of the panel. Select either 1-Phase or 3-Phase connection.

Wire For a 3-Phase panel select 3 Wires or 4 Wires. For a 1-Phase panel select 2 Wires or 3 Wires.

1-Phase 2-Wire Phase When a 1-Phase 2-Wire Panel is connected to a 1-Phase 3-Wire bus, the options for panel connection are: • L1 • L2 • LL When a 1-Phase 2-Wire Panel is connected to a 3-Phase bus, the options for panel connection are: • A • B • C

• AB • BC • CA

This option is not displayed for any other type of panel connection.

Upstream Connection For a 1-Phase 3-Wire Panel connected to a 1-Phase 3-Wire bus, or a 1-Phase 2-Wire Panel connected to a 1-Phase 2-Wire bus, the Upstream Connection display box displays the connection phase type of the upstream element. If the panel is not connected to an upstream element the display box shows “Unknown”. For a 3-Phase panel and 1-Phase 2-Wire panel connected to a 3-Phase bus the display box is not shown.

Phase Arrangement Select from the following phase arrangements for a 3-Phase panel: • ABC • CBA • NEC If NEC is selected, the phase arrangement shall be on A, B, C from top to bottom or left to right from the front of the panel. Also, for this option phase B shall be the highest voltage (LG) on a 3-phase, 4-wire delta connected system (midpoint grounded).

1st Ckt Select the following phase designation of the first circuit in the panel: • A • B • C If NEC phase arrangement is selected, this option is disabled (grayed out).

Operation Technology, Inc. 29-10 ETAP PowerStation 4.0

Alok
Delete if the upstream connection is also shown for 1 Phase 2 Wire panel. Presently this is not the case.
Alok
Delete if the upstream connection is also shown for 1 Phase 2 Wire panel. Presently this is not the case.
Alok
Delete if the upstream connection is also shown for 1 Phase 2 Wire panel. Presently this is not the case.
Alok
Delete if the upstream connection is also shown for 1 Phase 2 Wire panel. Presently this is not the case.
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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Rating Page

29.3 Panel Editor - Rating Page On this page, you can specify the panel Rated kV, Rated Amps, ANSI, or IEC Standard, number of Branch Circuits, Layout, and Main Disconnect information.

Rating

Rated kV Enter the rated voltage of the panel in kV. The panel rated voltage can also be selected from the list box. If this is a three-phase panel, kV is the line-to-line voltage. For single-phase panels, the rated voltage must be consistent with the way this panel is connected to the system. For example,, if the bus nominal kV is 4.16 and this load is connected between phase A and neutral, then the rated voltage of the panel must be in the neighborhood of 2.4 kV (4.16/1.73). If the bus nominal kV is 4.16 and this panel is connected between phase A and phase B, then the rated voltage of the panel must be in the neighborhood of 4.16 kV.

If a 3-Phase panel is connected to a 3-Phase bus or another 3-Phase panel, the default rated voltage of the panel is set to the nominal kV of the upstream bus. For example, if a 3-Phase panel is connected to another 3-Phase panel that is connected to a 3-Phase bus having a nominal voltage equal to 0.48 kV, the default rated kV of both the panels is set to 0.48 kV. The default rated voltage of a 1-Phase panel connected to a 3-Phase bus is set to the line to neutral kV of the bus. For example, if a 1-Phase panel is connected to a 3-Phase bus having a nominal voltage equal to 0.48 kV, the default rated kV of the panel is set to (0.48/1.732 =) 0.277 kV. Panel rated voltage is used to determine the current flow in the panel circuits.

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Rating Page

Amps Enter the continuous current rating of the panel in Amperes. The rated amps can also be selected from the list box.

Standard Click on either the ANSI or IEC option to select that standard. If ANSI is selected, all the applicable libraries within the panel are based on ANSI standard. If IEC is selected, all the applicable libraries within the panel are set to IEC standard.

Layout

Layout Type Select Standard or Column layout. Standard layout has its protective devices on both sides (1,3,5,7… and 2,4,6,8…).Column layout has its protective devices on one-side only (1,2,3,4,5…).The circuits on the Schedule Page are arranged per the selected layout. The layout of a panel having externally connected branches or loads cannot be changed. Data on the Schedule Page is reset, if the panel layout is changed.

Mounting Enter mounting type of the panel in this field, up to 12 alphanumeric characters. Alternatively, select one of the following options: • Flush • Surface • Switchboard The default mounting type is Flush.

Feed Enter panel incoming feed location in this field, up to 12 alphanumeric characters. Alternatively, select one of the following options: • Top • Bottom • Left • Right The Default panel incoming feed location is Top.

Enclosure Enter panel enclosure in this field, up to 10 alphanumeric characters. Alternatively, select one of the following options:

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Rating Page

For ANSI Standard the options are:

• NEMA 1 • NEMA 3R • NEMA 3S • NEMA 4 • NEMA 4X • NEMA 5 • NEMA 12

For IEC Standard the options are:

• IP10 • IP11• IP14 • IP52• IP54 • IP67

Branch Circuits

# of Circuits Select a panel circuit size from the list or enter the total number of circuits (panel size). Panel size should be an even integer. If an odd number is entered, panel size is reset to the next largest even number. The number of circuits in a panel cannot be decreased for panels with external connections. The data on Schedule Page is deleted if the number of circuits in a panel is reduced.

Main Disconnect Select the type of main disconnect for the panel from the following options:

None Select this option if a panel is connected to a bus or an element through lugs only.

Breaker Select this option if a panel is connected to a bus or an element through a circuit breaker.

Fusible Switch Select this option if a panel is connected to a bus or an element through a fuse. The default option is None when the panel is connected to a bus or an element through lugs only. If the option None is selected, the Main Disconnect Status on the Info page is set to Close and disabled (grayed out).

Library Button To access ANSI standard library data, click on the ANSI selection and then click on the Library button. Use the same procedure for accessing IEC standard library data. As you change the standard from ANSI to IEC, the data fields change accordingly. To select a circuit breaker or a fuse from the corresponding Libraries, click on the Library button and the Library Quick Pick - LV Circuit Breaker (Molded Case, with Thermal Magnetic Trip Device) or the Library Quick Pick – Fuse will appear depending on the type of Main Disconnected selected. If the type of Main Disconnect is None, the Library button is disabled (grayed out).

Operation Technology, Inc. 29-13 ETAP PowerStation 4.0

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Rating Page

From the Library Quick Pick, select a circuit breaker or a fuse by highlighting the manufacturer name and model/class ID. Then click on the OK button to retrieve the selected data from the library and transfer it to the editor. Note that upon selection of library data, the manufacturer's name and model number is displayed in the fields adjacent to the Library button.

Breaker Rating, ANSI Standard Click on ANSI Standard and Main Disconnect – Breaker to enter the ratings for this circuit breaker in accordance with the ANSI/IEEE standards.

Rated kV Enter the rated voltage of the low voltage circuit breaker in kV or select the rating from the list box.

Continuous Amp Enter the continuous current rating of the low voltage circuit breaker in amperes or select the rating from the list box.

Interrupting Enter the rated interrupting capability in rms kA, or select the rating from the list box.

Test PF This is the power factor of test equipment on which the rating of the circuit breaker has been established.

Breaker Rating, IEC Standard Click on IEC Standard and Main Disconnect Breaker to enter the ratings for this circuit breaker in accordance with the IEC standards.

Rated kV Enter the rated voltage of the low voltage circuit breaker in kV or select the rating from the list box.

Rated Amps Enter the rated normal current of the low voltage circuit breaker in amperes or select the rating from the list box.

AC Breaking Enter the rated breaking capacity of the low voltage circuit breaker in kA or select the rating from the list box.

Making Enter the rated making capacity of the low voltage circuit breaker in peak kA or select the rating from the list box. The rated making capacity for a circuit breaker is determined by evaluation of the maximum possible peak value of the short-circuit current at the point of application of the circuit breaker.

Min. Delay Enter the minimum time delay, including the circuit breaker and relays, in seconds, or select the rating from the list box.

Operation Technology, Inc. 29-14 ETAP PowerStation 4.0

Alok
This is not happening presently.
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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Rating Page

Fuse Rating, ANSI Standard Click on ANSI Standard and Main Disconnect – Fusible Switch to enter the fuse ratings according to the ANSI standards.

kV Enter the rated voltage of the fuse in kV or select the rating from the list box.

Rated Amp Enter the current rating of the fuse in amperes or select the rating from the list box.

Interrupting Enter the rated interrupting capability of the fuse in symmetrical rms kA or select the rating from the list box.

Test PF Enter the power factor of test equipment on which the rating of the fuse has been established.

Fuser Rating, IEC Standard Click on IEC to enter the fuse ratings according to the IEC standards.

kV Enter the rated voltage of the fuse in kV or select the rating from the list box.

Rated Amps Enter the rated normal current in amperes or select the rating from the list box.

AC Breaking Enter the rated breaking capacity of the fuse in kA or select the rating from the list box.

TRV Enter the transient recovery voltage of the fuse in kV.

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Schedule Page

29.4 Panel Editor - Schedule Page The properties associated with each circuit in the panel can be entered on the Schedule Page. The Schedule Page contains the following six tabs of properties: • Description • Rating • Loading • Protective Device • Feeder Some properties of a panel circuit are shown on all the tabs for easy reference.

Ckt # Indicates the panel circuit number. Circuits (rows) in the Panel Schedule page are analogous to the slots in a physical panel board. The order of circuit numbers is based on the panel layout type, Standard or Column. This is not editable. For a panel with Standard Layout, the odd circuit numbers are laid out first followed by the even circuit numbers. Panel circuit numbers for Standard and Column Layouts are shown in the below figure.

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Schedule Page

Circuit Numbers with Standard Layout

Circuit Numbers with Column Layout

Phase This represents the phase of the circuit. This column is not shown for 1-Phase, 2-Wire connection. For 1-Phase, 3-Wire connection this column may have one of the following values, depending on the number of poles: Poles Phase 1 L1 or L2 2 LL

L1 or L2 phase connection implies that the circuit is connected between the center tap and one of the lines. LL phase connection implies that the circuit is connected between the two lines. For 3-Phase, 3-Wire and 3-Phase, 4-Wire panels, the value for this column is determined using the Phase Arrangement and 1st Circuit information from the Info Page. For example, if the Phase Arrangement is CBA and the 1st Ckt is C, the phase for the first circuit will be C, followed by B and A for the consecutive circuits. This phase order will be repeated for other circuits.

Pole Specify number of poles for the circuit. PowerStation uses the built in electrical intelligence to determine the number of poles for a circuit. For example, the last row of a panel circuit is not allowed to have a number of poles greater than 1.

The number of poles for a circuit depends on the phase of the load connected to the circuit. If a 3-Phase load is connected to a panel circuit, the number of poles for this circuit will be 3. For a load connected between two phases of a 3-Phase system, the number of poles will be 2. For a load connected between one of the phases of a 3 Phase system and the neutral wire, the pole is set to 1

Name Enter load name (ID), up to 25 alphanumeric characters.

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Schedule Page

Link Select from the following options: • Internal • Ext-# • Spare • Unusable (row is blocked) • Space (row is blank and blocked) The default option set is Space (blank)

Internal These are loads specified internally and not connected externally to the panel on the one-line diagram. Loads for which Link is set to Internal are referred as Internal Loads.

External External loads are those connected to the panel externally via the one-line. Sub panels are considered external loads to the upstream panel. In calculations, PowerStation will include loads connected externally. Once the link option is set to External (for example Ext. 1), placing the mouse cursor over the external pin displays the pin number and phase connection. When an external load is connected to a panel: • Data is automatically updated on the Rating Tab and Loading Tab of the Schedule page, from the

external load editor. • A protective device can be specified on the Protective Device Tab of the Schedule page • On the Description Tab a Load Description can be entered. The Load Type and Status fields are

blocked. • The fields on Feeder Tab are blocked. When an external load is deleted from a pin, the load type assignment is changed to Space and the external connection is removed.

Spare A panel circuit with link option set to Spare is intended to be used as a spare circuit. Protective device data can be entered on the Protective Device Tab of the Schedule Page. Other than this, data cannot be entered for fields on other tabs of the Schedule page.

Unusable A circuit may become unusable depending upon phase connection and number of poles. In this case, data cannot be entered on any tab of the Schedule page. For example, in case of 3-Phase 3-Wire connection, if Pole = 1, the Link is set to “Unusable” and cannot be changed. This is because in case of 3-Phase 3-Wire panel a single-phase load cannot be connected.

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Schedule Page

Space A blank circuit in a panel, that is a circuit to which a load has not yet been assigned and has Link option set to Space. This is the default value for Link option. In this case, data cannot be entered on any tab of the Schedule page.

Changing Links If link is changed to Spare, data is blanked on Description, Rating, Loading, and Feeder pages. If link is changed to Unusable or Space, data is blanked on Description, Rating, Loading, Protective Device, and Feeder pages. If link is changed to Ext.#, data is blanked on Description (except Load Description field), Rating, Loading, and Feeder pages. When link is set to Ext.# and an external connection exists, the link cannot be changed to any other type before deleting the external connection.

State Specify the state (status) of the circuit. This also applies to the state of the protective device for the given circuit. Click on the button to change the state. Note that the state of the protective device is not related to the Status Configuration. The default state of a circuit is ON.

29.4.1 Description Tab Within the Description tab enter data for Load Type, Status and Load Description of a panel circuit.

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Schedule Page

Load Type Select load type from the list. The first 15 load items in the list are based on NEC 1999. The next 10 items in the list are user definable. You can specify the last 10 load types in the Panel Code Factor Table. The Panel Code Factor table can be edited from the Project Menu under Settings and Panel Code Factors. Load Type is used to determine the Code Factors used in calculating the total panel load. Load Type options are available for internal links only. External loads are classified as motor load or static load according to the element types.

Load Status This field is enabled only for internal loads, that is, for circuits whose Link field is Internal. There are two options available: • Continuous • Non-Continuous

For the purpose of panel code demand calculations, all circuits in a panel maintain the same Load Status for a particular Load Type. For example, consider a panel having three circuits (say 1, 7 and 9) with Load Type being Hospital and Load Status being Continuous. If the Load Status for circuit 1 is changed to Non-Continuous, the Load Status for circuits 7 and 9 will also be changed to Non-Continuous. The load status is used for the panel load calculations. For external links the load status is determined from the connected load’s demand factor status.

Load Description Enter the load description, up to 50 alphanumeric characters.

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Schedule Page

29.4.2 Rating (Connected Load) Tab Within the Rating Tab specify the connected load ratings for each panel circuit.

VA, W, A Enter the connected load for an internal load in VA, Watts, or Amperes. PowerStation calculates the fields accordingly based on the %PF and Panel voltage. For external load, these fields only display the total connected load. For internal loads, the values can be entered in Watts, VA, or Amperes. A 3-phase load that has Pole = 3, is represented by three panel circuits. Enter per phase VA, W, or Amperes for this load. For example, if total Watts for a 3-phase load are 1200, enter W as 400 (=1200/3). The next two rows after a row with Pole = 3 on the Rating Tab of the Schedule page in a panel are disabled (grayed out) and have VA, W, A and %PF values same as the Row with Pole = 3. The row next to a row with Pole = 2, on the Rating Tab of the Schedule page in a panel is blocked.

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Schedule Page

The Amp value for a panel circuit depends on the panel connection and number of poles. The relations used to calculate the amp value for a panel circuit are summarized below.

Panel Connection

Number of Poles

Amps

3-Phase 3 or 1 Panel Circuit VA per phase / (Panel Rated kV 3 1000 / (√3)) 3-Phase 2 Panel Circuit VA per phase / (Panel Rated kV 3 1000) 1-Phase 3-Wire 1 Panel Circuit VA per phase / (Panel Rated kV 3 1000 / 2) 1-Phase 3-Wire 2 Panel Circuit VA per phase / (Panel Rated kV 3 1000) 1-Phase 2-Wire 1 Panel Circuit VA per phase / (Panel Rated kV 3 1000)

For external loads, the Amp values are also calculated based on panel rated voltage.

%PF For internal loads, enter the percent power factor for the selected circuit. This power factor applies to all three phases of the circuit. The default value of %PF is 100. For external loads, this is the calculated power factor of the connected external loads and is disabled (grayed out).

QTY Enter the quantity of internal load. This is used to calculate the total connected load. For external loads this is blocked.

29.4.3 Loading Tab This Tab is used to assign a percent loading to each one of the 10 loading categories for the loading of each panel circuit, that is each panel circuit can be set to have a different operating loading level for each loading category. Note that you can select any of these loading categories when conducting AC load flow studies.

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Schedule Page

Loading Category Select the desired loading category (up to 10 loading categories) from the drop down box on the top of the Schedule Page. These are the same loading categories used by other loads in PowerStation. To edit the loading category names, select Loading Category from the Project menu.

% Loading For external load this field is blank and cannot be edited. For internal loads, enter the % loading for the selected loading category.

VA, W, A, %PF These display columns show the total calculated loading in VA, W, and A, including the % loading and QTY (on Rating Tab) for both external and internal loads. For external load, the PF column displays the rated % PF (at 100% load for motors). For internal loads, the %PF displayed is the same as entered in the Rating Tab of the Schedule page. VA operating (Loading Tab) = Connected VA (Rated VA Rating Page) 3 QTY 3 %Loading For Example, if Connected VA = 500, QTY = 3, % Loading = 90,

VA operating = 500 3 3 3 90% = 1,350 VA For both internal and external loads, Amp values are calculated based on terminal bus nominal kV.

29.4.4 Protective Device Tab Within the protective device tab enter information about the protective device used with each panel circuit.

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Schedule Page

Lock If this box is checked, then breaker / fuse sizing will not be allowed for this circuit. This feature is not currently available . It will be available in future releases of PowerStation.

Type Select the type of PD for the selected circuit from a drop down menu from the following options: • Fuse • Breaker

Lib Button To select a circuit breaker or a fuse from the corresponding Libraries, click on the Library button and the Library Quick Pick - LV Circuit Breaker (Molded Case, with Thermal Magnetic Trip Device) or the Library Quick Pick – Fuse will appear depending on the Type of protective device selected. From the Library Quick Pick, select a circuit breaker or a fuse by highlighting the manufacturer name and model/class ID. Then click on the OK button to retrieve the selected data from the library and transfer it to the editor. Note that upon selection of library data, the manufacturer's name and model number are displayed in the fields MFR and Model, respectively.

MFR Displays the protective device manufacturer. This field is filled out based on the selected library manufacturer.

Model Displays the protective device model. This field is filled out based on the selected library model.

Ratting (A) Select from a list of ratings or enter a value. Default is set per the selected library continuous amp rating.

Interrupting kA Select from a list of values or enter a value. Default is set per the selected interrupting rating of the device based on the library selection.

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Schedule Page

29.4.5 Feeder Tab Within the feeder tab enter Feeder Tag, Type, #/Phase, Size and Length of cables feeding each panel circuit with internal loads. Feeder information for external loads is entered in the external load editor. For circuits with external loads, the row in Feeder Tab is blocked.

Lib Button To select cables from the Cable Library, click on the Lib button at the top of the Schedule page and the Cable Library Quick Pick will appear. From the Library Quick Pick select the Cable Library type and size at the same time. Note that the selected Cable Library type, size, and parameters are transferred to the Feeder Tab.

Length Unit Select the unit for cable length from the following options: • feet • meter

FDR Tag Enter or change Cable ID – Up to 25 Characters.

Size Displays the cable size selected from the library.

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Schedule Page

Insulation Displays the cable insulation type selected from the library.

Length Enter the cable length.

#/Phase Enter the number of conductors per phase.

Vd Display the % voltage drop for internal loads based on the cable data.

Cable Z Button Click on this button on the top of the Schedule Page to launch an editor for viewing and editing the cable impedance data. The default values impedance values displayed are based on the cable selected from the library. Note: Base temperature for the cable resistance is displayed next to the impedance (static). Default is 75 degrees Celsius. The impedances are adjusted based on the system frequency.

Cable Header This information is displayed on top of the Cable Impedance Data Editor to reflect the cable type and size selected from the Cable Library. This is a partial list of the library header which includes the library source name (ICEA, NEC), rated voltage (0.6, 5, 15 kV), voltage class (100%, 133%), # of conductors per cable (1/C, 3/C), conductor type (CU, AL), insulation type (Rubber, XLPE), installation type (Magnetic/Non-Mag.), and cable size (350 kcmil, 180 mm2). The unit for cable sizes will be in AWG/kcmil for English unit cables and mm2 for Metric unit cables.

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Schedule Page

Impedance (per conductor)

Positive and Zero Sequence Resistances (R & R0) Enter positive and zero sequence resistances at the base temperature, in ohms or ohms per unit length, per conductor. This is for each line or cable, not the total resistance per phase. PowerStation corrects these resistances for different studies based on the specified temperature limits.

Positive and Zero Sequence Reactances (X & X0) Enter positive and zero sequence reactances, in ohms or ohms per unit length, per conductor. This is for each line or cable, not the total reactance per phase. These reactances must be entered at the system operating frequency specified for this data file. When data is recalled from English (60 Hz) or Metric (50 Hz) libraries, PowerStation automatically corrects for the system operating frequency. After this value is entered here, PowerStation will not make any adjustment to this value.

Base Temperature Enter the conductor base temperature (in degrees Celsius) at which the cable resistances are entered.

Units Select impedance units as ohms per unit length or ohms. With the selection of ohms per unit length, a length should also be designated, including a unit from the list box. Units available are: feet, miles, meters, and kilometers.

Action Buttons PowerStation provides action buttons to facilitate data entry on the Schedule page. These options can be used to copy, paste and erase rows on the Schedule page of the Panel Editor.

Copy Copy the content of the selected row to clipboard. Circuit number, Phase, Pole, Load Name, Link and State are not copied.

Paste Paste the entire content (of the copied row) in the selected row. This will work when the Link Type is other than space or unusable, and only for fields which are not blocked.

Erase Blank out the contents of the entire selected row

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Summary Page

29.5 Summary Page The Summary page displays information pertaining to panel loading. The information is divided into two sections. The first section on the left side shows the continuous and non-continuous load on each phase, total continuous load, total non-continuous load, connected load on each phase, total connected load, code demand load on each phase, total continuous code demand load, total non-continuous code demand load and total code demand load. The second section on the right side of the Summary page shows the operating load of the panel for all the 10 loading categories.

Connected Load Connected load for a panel circuit is the rated load specified on the Rating Tab of the Schedule Page.

Continuous – A / Continuous B / Continuous – C Displays the total connected VA, W, A and %PF for phase A / B / C for internal loads with Load Status on the Description Tab of the Schedule page set to Continuous and for external loads connected to the panel with Status on the Info page set to Continuous. Loads in OFF state are not included. These fields are displayed for 3-Phase panels.

Continuous – L1 / Continuous L2 / Continuous – LL Displays the total connected VA, W, A and %PF for phase L1 / L2 / LL for internal loads with Load Status on the Description Tab of the Schedule page set to Continuous and for external loads connected to the panel with Status on the Info page set to Continuous. Loads in OFF state are not included. These fields are displayed for 1-Phase 3-Wire panels.

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Summary Page

Total Continuous Displays the total connected VA, W, A and %PF for continuous loads connected to all the phases. Loads in OFF state are not included. This field is displayed for 1-Phase and 3-Phase panels.

Non-Continuous – A / Non-Continuous B / Non-Continuous – C Displays the total connected VA, W, A and %PF for phase A / B / C for internal loads with Load Status on the Description Tab of the Schedule page set to Non-Continuous and for external loads connected to the panel with Status on the Info page set to Intermittent / Spare. Loads in OFF state are not included. These fields are displayed for 3-Phase panels

Non-Continuous – L1 / Non-Continuous L2 / Non-Continuous – LL Displays the total connected VA, W, A and %PF for phase L1 / L2 / LL for internal loads with Load Status on the Description Tab of the Schedule page set to Non-Continuous and for external loads connected to the panel with Status on the Info page set to Intermittent / Spare. Loads in OFF state are not included. These fields are displayed for 1-Phase 3-Wire panels.

Total Non-Continuous Displays the total connected VA, W, A and %PF for non-continuous loads connected to all the phases. Loads in OFF state are not included. This field is displayed for 1-Phase and 3-Phase panels.

Connected – A / Connected B / Connected – C Displays the total connected VA, W, A and %PF for all internal loads and external loads connected to Phase A / B / C. Loads in OFF state are not included.

Connected – L1 / Connected L2 / Connected – LL Displays the total connected VA, W, A and %PF for all internal loads and external loads connected to Phase L1 / L2 / LL. Loads in OFF state are not included. These fields are displayed only for 1-Phase 3-Wire panels.

Total Connected Displays the total connected VA, W, A and %PF for loads connected to all the phases. Loads in OFF state are not included.

Code Demand – A / Code Demand B / Code Demand – C Displays the total code demand VA, W, A and %PF for all internal loads and external loads connected to Phase A / B / C. Loads in OFF state are not included. These fields are displayed for 3-Phase panels.

Code Demand – L1 / Code Demand L2 / Code Demand – LL Displays the total code demand VA, W, A and %PF for all internal loads and external loads connected to Phase L1 / L2 / LL. Loads in OFF state are not included. These fields are displayed for 1-Phase 3-Wire panels.

Total Code Demand Continuous Displays the total connected VA, W, A and %PF for continuous loads connected to all the phases. Loads in OFF state are not included.

Total Code Demand Non-Continuous Displays the total connected VA, W, A and %PF for non-continuous loads connected to all the phases. Loads in OFF state are not included.

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Summary Page

Total Code Demand Displays the total connected VA, W, A and %PF for loads connected to all the phases. Loads in OFF state are not included.

Operating Load For 3-Phase and 1-Phase 2-Wire panels this section displays the VA, W, A and %PF for all the ten loading categories. For 1-Phase 3-Wire panels the operating load for phases L1, L2, and LL is displayed, corresponding to each loading category.

Load Calculation Load values displayed in the Summary page include both internal and external loads. The calculations are performed based on the equations given below.

Connected Load Total Continuous Load = ∑(Internal ckt continuous VA load 3 QTY) + External ckt continuous VA load Total Non-Continuous Load = ∑(Internal ckt Non-continuous VA load 3 QTY) + External ckt Non-continuous VA load Total Connected Load = ∑ (Continuous VA + Non-Continuous VA)

Code Demand Load Total Continuous Code Demand Loading = Continuous Load Multiplier 3 ∑(Continuous Code Demand Load) Total Non-Continuous Code Demand Loading = Non-Continuous Load Multiplier 3 ∑(Non-Continuous Code Demand Load) Code Demand Loading = (Total Continuous Code Demand Load) + (Total Non-Continuous Code

Demand Loading)

Operating Load Operating Load (per loading category) = Connected VA 3 %Loading (per loading category)

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Remarks Page

29.6 Remarks Page

User-Defined Info These fields allow you to keep track of extra data associated with this component. The names of the User-Defined (UD) fields can be changed from the Settings option in the Project menu in the Menu bar.

UD Field 1 (Eq. Ref.) This is a number field with the default name Eq. Ref. You can change the name of this field and enter the equipment reference number or any other number here, up to five digits.

UD Field 2 (Last Maint.) This is an alphanumeric field with the default name Last Maint. You can change the name of this field and enter any extra data for this element here, up to 12 alphanumeric characters.

UD Field 3 (Next Maint.) This is an alphanumeric field with the default name Next Maint. You can change the name of this field and enter any extra data for this element here, up to 12 alphanumeric characters.

UD Field 4 (Tests Req.) This is an alphanumeric field with the default name Tests Req. You can change the name of this field and enter any extra data for this element here, up to 12 alphanumeric characters.

UD Field A5 This is an alphanumeric field with the default name UD Field A5. You can change the name of this field and enter any extra data for this element here, up to 12 alphanumeric characters.

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Remarks Page

UD Field A6 This is an alphanumeric field with the default name UD Field A6. You can change the name of this field and enter any extra data for this element here, up to 12 alphanumeric characters.

UD Field A7 This is an alphanumeric field with the default name UD Field A7. You can change the name of this field and enter any extra data for this element here, up to 18 alphanumeric characters.

Drawing/Diagram

One-Line Enter the name or ID of a one-line drawing or diagram associated with this element, up to 50 alphanumeric characters. An example is the manufacturer diagram or specifications for this element.

Reference Enter the name or ID of a reference drawing or document for this element, up to 50 alphanumeric characters.

Manufacturer

Name Enter the manufacturer’s name for this element here, up to 25 alphanumeric characters.

Purchase Date Enter the date of purchase for this element here, up to 8 alphanumeric characters.

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Panel Systems Panel Editor – Comment Page

29.7 Comment Page Enter any extra data or comments regarding condition, maintenance, tests, or studies, associated with this element. This field can be up to 64kb with a default size of 4kb. To increase the size of this field, refer to the entries in the ETAPS.INI file.

When entering information in the page, use Ctrl+Enter to start a new paragraph. Standard keys such as Ctrl+X, Ctrl+C, and Ctrl+V can be used to cut, copy, and paste information.

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Panel Systems Panel Calculations

29.8 Panel Calculations This section discusses the assumptions made in panel calculations, method used to calculate the panel loading per phase, panel connected load, panel code demand load and the panel model used in PowerStation Study modules.

29.8.1 Assumptions Following are the assumptions made in panel calculation methods: • The rated voltage of an internal load connected to the panel is equal to the rated panel voltage. Note

that if a 1-Phase load is connected to a 3-Phase panel circuit, the rated voltage of the panel circuit is (1/√3) times the rated panel voltage.

• The voltage of L1 or L2 phase in a 1-Phase 3-Wire panel is (1/2) times the rated voltage of the panel. • There are no losses in the feeders connecting a load to the panel. • Static loads are calculated based on their rated voltage.

29.8.2 Loading Per Phase

3-Phase 4-Wire or 3-Phase 3-Wire Panels

3-Phase Load In case of a 3-phase load connected to a panel circuit, the load per phase is calculated based on load rating, rated voltage, and rated power factor, loading percent. The rated VA, Watts, Amps, and power factor for each phase of a 3-Phase load are displayed on the Rating Tab of the Schedule page.

1-Phase Load (Line-to-Neutral) For a 1-Phase load connected between one of the phases of a three 3-Phase system and the neutral wire, the load per phase is same as the values specified on the rating page. The rated VA, Watts, Amps and power factor for a 1-Phase are displayed on the Rating Tab of the Schedule page.

1-Phase Load (Line-to-Line) In case of a 1-Phase load (load connected between two phases of a 3-Phase system) connected to a panel circuit, the method used to calculate the per phase load, is described below. Note that for a 1-Phase load (with Pole = 2) the total rated VA, Watts, Amps and power factor, instead of per phase values, are displayed on the Rating Tab of the Schedule Page. Consider a case when a panel circuit feeds a 2-Phase load (that is a load connected between two phases of a 3-Phase system). Assume that the load is connected between phases B and C as shown in the below figure. A

IBC

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B

C

Load

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Panel Systems Panel Calculations

However, in the Summary page, this load needs to be spilt into phases B and C in order to be added to individual phase loads. PowerStation splits the load in such a way that under the rated current phase load current and the total load power are the same as the original load. Considering the following circuit, let

IC

Lo LoadB

IB = IBC The line voltage between phases B and C = VBC

Phase A voltage = VPhase B voltage = VPhase C voltage = VLoad current = IBC

Note that the current flowing into the load connected to phaAnd the current flowing into the load connected to phase C Angle by which load current IBC lags the load voltage = θ° Therefore, for load connected between phases B and C:

SBC = VBC.IBC PBC = VBC.IBC.cos θ QBC = VBC.IBC.sin θ

We can represent this case by the phasor diagram shown ithat the load current IB leads the phase B voltage VB by alags the phase C voltage VC by an angle of (θ + 30)°. Therefore, for load connected to phase B

SB = VB.IB PB = VB.IB.cos (θ -QB = VB.IB.sin (θ -

And, for load connected to phase C

SC = VC.IC PC = VC.IC.cos (θ +QC = VC.IC.sin (θ +

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A

B C

= -IBC

adC

A B C

se B = IB = IBC = IC = -IBC

n the below figure. The phasor diagram shows n angle of (θ - 30)°. Also the phase current IC

30) 30)

30) 30)

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Panel Systems Panel Calculations

VC

θ°

30°

(θ + 30)° (θ - 30)°

IB = IBC VB

IC = -IBC

VA VBC Similar calculations are made for loads connected between phase A and phase B, phase C and phase A or any two phases.

1-Phase 2-Wire Panels

1-Phase Load (Line-to-Neutral) For a 1-Phase load connected between one of the phases of a three 3-Phase system and the neutral wire, the load per phase is same as the values specified on the rating page The rated VA, Watts, Amps and power factor for a 1-Phase are displayed on the Rating Tab of the Schedule page.

1-Phase 3-Wire Panels A typical 1-Phase 3-Wire system in PowerStation is shown in the below diagram.

Load1-2

Load2

Load1

VLL = 240V

VL2 = 120 V

VL1 = 120 V

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L2

L1

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Panel Systems Panel Calculations

Line-to-Center Load An example of a line-to-neutral load, in a 1-Phase 3-Wire panel is Load1 shown in the above figure. For a load connected between line L1 or line L2 and the neutral wire, the voltage applied on the load is equal to half of the Line-to-Line voltage. The rated VA, Watts, Amps, and power factor for a load connected to L1 phase are displayed on the Rating Tab of the Schedule page.

Line-to-Line Load An example of a line-to-line load, in a 1-Phase 3-Wire panel is Load1-2 shown in the above figure. The rated VA, Watts, Amps, and power factor for a load connected to LL phase are displayed on the Rating Tab of the Schedule page.

29.8.3 Connected Load This section describes the method used to calculate the total connected load, connected continuous load and connected non-continuous load (VA, Watts, Amps and power factor) on the Summary Page of a panel editor. The connected load is calculated as the sum of all connected loads, both internal and external ones, which have the ON State. The load rating values are used in calculating Connected Load, such as VA, W, and PF for internal loads and rated KVA and PF for external loads. The Amp values are calculated based on the nominal kV of panel terminal bus. When calculating connected continuous load, either individual phases or the total load, it excludes: • Internal loads with Status set to Non-Continuous • External loads with Status set to Intermittent or Spare. When calculating connected non-continuous load PA, PB and PC will exclude: • Internal loads and external loads with Status set to Continuous The connected load is sum of the connected continuous load and connected non-continuous load.

29.8.4 Operating Load The operating load for the panel is calculated for each of ten loading categories. It summarizes total load power, current, and power factor, including both internal and external loads for all phases. Loads with OFF State are not included in the operating load. The operating load is calculated similar to that for the connected load. In additional to the factors used in calculating the connected load, load percent for each individual load is considered, and for external loads the demand factor is also considered. The Amp value is calculated based on the panel terminal bus nominal kV. For a three-phase panel, this current is an average value.

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Panel Systems Panel Calculations

29.8.5 Code Demand Load This section describes the method used to calculate the total connected continuous code demand load, connected non-continuous code demand load and total connected code demand load parameters (VA, Watts, Amps and power factor) on the Summary Page of a panel editor.

Panel Code Factors Code demand load depends on Panel Code Factors that are specified on the Panel Code Factor Editor. The Panel Code Factor Editor can be invoked using the command Settings -> Panel Code in the PowerStation Project menu. It is shown below:

Continuous Load Multiplier This is used for code load calculation for all continuous designated panel loads. The default value is 1.25.

Non-Continuous Load Multiplier This is used for code load calculation for all non-continuous designated panel loads. The default value is 1.25.

Load Type Each panel circuit load has a load type. The load types are based on NEC 1999. The first 14 load types are defined per NEC 1999 and cannot be changed. The remaining 10 load type fields are by default User Defined 1 through User Defined 10. These load types can be changed. The Load Types are displayed under the Description Tab of the Schedule Page under Load Type column for each panel circuit.

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Panel Systems Panel Calculations

Notes: NDU = Non Dwelling Unit DU = Dwelling Unit Ltg = Lighting HCF = Health Care Facility

Units Select from following options. • Volt-Amps • Largest Unit • # of Units The first fourteen have fixed formats per NEC 1999.

Limit & Code Factors (CF) The limit columns represent the VA limit, largest unit limit, or number of unit limit for a specified load type based on selected format. There are five limit columns (Limit 1 through Limit 5). Corresponding to each of the five limits there are five Code Factors. The sixth Code Factor is used for values exceeding the fifth limit.

VA Enter typical VA for the load type. This value appears as default value on the VA column of the Rating Tab in the Schedule Page of the Panel editor whenever that particular load type is selected.

%PF Enter typical power factor for the specified load type. This value appears as default value on the %PF column of the Rating Tab in the Schedule Page of the Panel editor.

Calculation Procedure This section lists the steps used to calculate the code demand load for a panel. In the following discussion a panel load is a panel circuit with Link Type set to Internal or Ext.# and in ON state. In calculating code demand load for internal loads, code factors as well as multiplication factors are applied. However, for external loads, only multiplication factors are applied, which means that the code factor for all external loads is assumed equal to 1. Because PowerStation allows you to define different code factors for various types of internal loads. Code demand load calculation for internal loads are done for each types of load separately and then summed up. A given load type can be associated with one of three different code factor units: Volt-amps, Largest Unit, and # of Unit. Each of the three code factor units has a special way of applying the code factors, as described below.

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Panel Systems Panel Calculations

Rules for Code Demand Load with “Volt-Amps” Units The limits set for “Volt-Amps” load type are in VA. The following rules are applied to this type of loads. • For load VA up to Limit 1, multiply the load VA by CF1. • If Limit 2 is greater than zero, then for load VA greater than Limit 1 and less than Limit 2, multiply

the load VA by CF2; otherwise for multiply load VA greater than Limit 1 by CF2 and stop. • If Limit 3 is greater than zero, then for load VA greater than Limit 2 and less than Limit 3, multiply

the load VA by CF3; otherwise multiply load VA greater than Limit 2 by CF3 and stop. • If Limit 4 is greater than zero, then for load VA greater than Limit 3 and less than Limit 4, multiply

the load VA by CF4; otherwise multiply load VA greater than Limit 3 by CF4 and stop. • If Limit 5 is greater than zero, then for load VA greater than Limit 4 and less than Limit 5, multiply

the load VA by CF5; otherwise multiply load VA greater than Limit 4 by CF5 and stop. • For load VA greater than Limit 5 multiply the load VA by CF6. • If for the given load type the status is “Continuous”, multiply the resulting total load VA by

Continuous Load Multiplier else multiply the resulting total load VA by Non-Continuous Load Multiplier.

For example, let

Load Type = Generic Load Status = Continuous Continuous Load Multiplier (CLM) = 1.25

Load VA = 120,000 Limit 1 = 30000 CF1 = 1.0 Limit 2 = 50000 CF2 = 0.5 Limit 3 = 0 CF3 = 0.3 Limit 4 = 0 CF4 = 0 Limit 5 = 0 CF5 = 0 CF6 = 0

Therefore Code Demand Load = (Limit 1 3 CF1 + Limit 2 3 CF2 + (Load VA – Limit 1 – Limit 2) 3 CF3) 3 CLM = (30000 3 1 + 50000 3 0.5 + (120,000 – 50000 – 30000) 3 0.3) 3 1.25 = 83750

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Rules for Code Demand Load with “Largest Unit” The limits set for “Largest Unit” loads are in number of units. In calculation, all loads are first sorted in descending order of rated VA and then multiply by a code factor according to the limits. Let

Limit 1 = N1 Limit 2 = N2 Limit 3 = N3 Limit 4 = N4 Limit 5 = N5

The following rules apply in the calculation: • Starting from the first panel load, if N1 > 0 then up to N1 panel loads multiply each panel load VA by

CF1; otherwise multiply each panel load by CF1 and stop. • Starting from the (N1 + 1) panel load, if N2 > 0 then up to N2 panel loads multiply each panel load

VA by CF2; otherwise multiply each remaining panel load by CF2 and stop. • Starting from the (N2 + 1) panel load, if N3 > 0 then up to N3 panel loads multiply each panel load

VA by CF3; otherwise multiply each remaining panel load by CF3 and stop. • Starting from the (N3 + 1) panel load, if N4 > 0 then up to N4 panel loads multiply each panel load

VA by CF4; otherwise multiply each remaining panel load by CF4 and stop • Starting from the (N4 + 1) panel load, if N5 > 0 then up to N5 panel loads multiply each panel load

VA by CF5; otherwise multiply each remaining panel load by CF5 and stop • Starting from (N5 + 1) panel load, multiply each panel load by CF6 and stop. • If for the given load type the status is “Continuous”, multiply the resulting total load VA by

Continuous Load Multiplier; otherwise multiply the resulting total load VA by Non-Continuous Load Multiplier.

For example, let

Load Type = Motor (for all loads below)

Load Name VA Quantity Load 1 3000 2 Load 2 5000 1 Load 3 3400 1 Load 4 2500 1 Load 5 6200 1 Load 6 2000 1 Load 7 1900 1 Load 8 2200 1 Load 9 3300 1 Load 10 4300 1

Load Status for Load Type Motor = Continuous Continuous Load Multiplier (CLM) = 1.25 Limits and Code Factor for Load Type Motor are

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Limit 1 = 3 CF1 = 1.25 Limit 2 = 2 CF2 = 1.05 Limit 3 = 1 CF3 = 0.75 Limit 4 = 0 CF4 = 0.5 Limit 5 = 0 CF5 = 0 CF6 = 0

Sort the loads in descending order by VA, as shown below

Load Name VA Load 5 6200 Load 2 5000 Load 10 4300 Load 3 3400 Load 9 3300 Load 1 - 1 3000 Load 1 - 2 3000 Load 4 2500 Load 8 2200 Load 6 2000 Load 7 1900

For simplicity, assume that the power factor is 100% for all the loads, PowerStation will perform complex addition while adding up the load VA, that is it will take into account the power factor of individual loads while adding the VA of loads. Load with Code Factors = 1.25 3 (6200 + 5000 + 4300) + 1.05 3 (3400 + 3300) + 0.75 3 (3000) + 0.5 3 (3000 + 2500 + 2200 + 2000 + 1900) = 7750 + 7035 + 2250 + 5800 = 22835 Code Demand Load = Load with Code Factors 3 CLM = 21335 3 1.25 = 28543.75

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Rules for Code Demand Load with “# of Units” Similar to the “Largest Unit” loads, the limits for “# of Units” are also in number of load units. However, in calculation, total load VA is multiplied by a coded factor according to total number of internal load circuits connected. Let

Limit 1 = N1 Limit 2 = N2 Limit 3 = N3 Limit 4 = N4 Limit 5 = N5

and N = Number of panel loads for the load typeTotal_VA = Sum of all panel loads for the load type

The following rules apply in calculation: • If N1 > zero and N <= N1 then multiply Total_VA by CF1 and stop. • If N2 > 0 and N > N1 and N <= N2 then multiply Total_VA by CF2 and stop. • If N3 > 0 and N > N2 and N <= N3 then multiply Total_VA by CF3 and stop. • If N4 > 0 and N > N3 and N <= N4 then multiply Total_VA by CF4 and stop. • If N5 > 0 and N > N4 and N <= N5 then multiply Total_VA by CF5 and stop. • If N5 > 0 and N > N5 then multiply Total_VA by CF6 and stop. If for the given load type the status is “Continuous”, multiply the resulting total load VA by Continuous Load Multiplier or else multiply the resulting total load VA by Non-Continuous Load Multiplier. One special case for “# of Units” load is that if the load type is “Kitchen NDU”, the code factor load calculated as described above is compared to the sum of first two largest loads. If the sum of the first two largest loads is larger than the calculated code factor load, then this load sum will be used in place of the code factor load to be multiplied by the applicable Load Multiplier. For example, let

Load Type = Motor (for all loads below)

Load Name Load Type VA Quantity Load 1 Motor 3000 2 Load 2 Motor 5000 1 Load 3 Motor 3400 1 Load 4 Motor 2500 1 Load 5 Motor 6200 1 Load 6 Motor 2000 1 Load 7 Generic 1900 3 Load 8 Generic 2200 2

Load Status for Load Type Motor = Continuous Load Status for Load Type Generic = Non-Continuous Continuous Load Multiplier (CLM) = 1.25 Non-Continuous Load Multiplier (NCLM) = 0.75

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Limits and Code Factor for Load Type Motor are

Limit 1 = 2 CF1 = 1.25 Limit 2 = 3 CF2 = 1.05 Limit 3 = 5 CF3 = 0.75 Limit 4 = 0 CF4 = 0.5 Limit 5 = 0 CF5 = 0 CF6 = 0

Limits and Code Factor for Load Type Generic are

Limit 1 = 4 CF1 = 1.5 Limit 2 = 5 CF2 = 1.25 Limit 3 = 7 CF3 = 1.15 Limit 4 = 0 CF4 = 0.5 Limit 5 = 0 CF5 = 0 CF6 = 0

For simplicity, assume that the power factor is 100% for all the loads, PowerStation will perform complex addition while adding up the load VA, that is it will take into account the power factor of individual loads while adding the VA of loads.

For Load Type = Motor Number of loads, N = 7 For Load Type = Generic Number of loads, N = 4

Motor Load As N = 7, we will use CF3 = 0.75 Load with Code Factors = 0.75 (2 3 3000 + 5000 + 3400 + 2500 + 6200 + 2000) = 18825 Code Demand Load = Load with Code Factors 3 CLM = 18825 3 1.25 = 23531.25 Generic Load As N = 5, we will use CF2 Load with Code Factors = 1.25 (1900 3 3 + 2200 3 2) = 12625 Code Demand Load = Load with Code Factors X NCLM = 18825 3 0.75

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Panel Systems Panels in System Studies

29.9 Panels in System Studies This section describes how the panel loads are considered in system studies. In the current version of PowerStation, the downstream elements from a top panel are not considered in details in a system study. Instead, all the loads connected downstream from the top panel are summed up to the top panel. A top panel must be one that is connected to a three-phase bus and is not powered from another upstream panel.

29.9.1 Load Flow Type System Studies And Reliability Study The load flow type system studies are the ones that require to perform load flow calculations, including load flow, motor starting, harmonic load flow, transient stability, optimal power flow. In these studies as well as reliability study, the downstream loads connected to a top panel are aggregated to get the total panel load. And this top panel is considered as a single load in the system studies.

Radial System In order to sum up load for a top panel, in the current version of PowerStation, It is required that the system powered by a top panel must be a radial system. It is not allowed for downstream elements from a top panel to form any loops. Furthermore, the top panel must be the only source for all the downstream elements. Before carrying out a system study, PowerStation checks if loops are involved in any top panels. If a loop is detected, an error message will be displayed and the calculation is stopped.

Top Panel Load The load aggregated to a top panel includes panel internal loads as well as all the connected external loads. Since external connections to a panel may involve any elements except three-winding transformers, utilities, and generators, it can form a full radial system. In summing up the load for the top panel, PowerStation considers all the loads connected. Because no load flow calculations are conducted, the load summation does not include losses on the branches and equipment cables. The aggregated load values are displayed in the Summary Page of the Panel Editor. Depending on the study case options, appropriate load diversity factors can also be applied.

29.9.2 Short-Circuit Type System Studies Because panels are mostly involved in low voltage power equipment, in the current version of PowerStation, it is assumed that top panels do not make any short-circuit contributions to any fault occurred in the system.

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29.10 Panel Reports The Panel load schedule and load summary are reported, both, in the panel editor and in Crystal Reports format. The Crystal Reports format provides a summary of the panel information. The Panel Schedule Report Manager helps you to view the output report.

29.10.1 Report Manager To access the Report Manager, open the panel editor and click on the Print button located on the Schedule page. The Report Manager allows you to select different sections of the report and view it via Crystal Reports. The header of the Report Manager displays the type of panel connection for which the report is being generated.

Type of connection There are several fields and buttons available on this page, as described below.

Panel Schedule This page allows you to select different formats for viewing load data. They include Loading Schedule and Loading Summary

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Output Report Name This field displays the name of the output report you want to view. This name will be the same as the project file name.

Project File Name This field displays the name of the project file from which the report is being generated, along with the directory where the project file is located.

Help Click on this button to access Help.

OK / Cancel Click on the OK button to dismiss the editor and bring up the Crystal Reports view to show the selected portion of the output report. If no selection is made, it will simply dismiss the editor. Click on the Cancel button to dismiss the editor without viewing the report.

Sample Panel Loading Schedule - 3 Phase 3 Wire

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Report Header The report header contains information about PowerStation Version, Project Name, Location of Company, Contract Number, Engineer Name, File Name, Page Number, Date, Revision, and Configuration. This information can be changed by going to the Project Menu and clicking on Information.

Panel Rating This section contains the rating information for the panel including the Main Disconnect used for the panel. This information can be changed by opening the panel editor and navigating to the rating page.

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Panel Rating Table The panel rating table is prepared from the Schedule page – Rating tab and is only a summary of the actual table in the panel editor. The values entered in the Watts column are the rating of the connected load and do not take quantity into consideration. The columns displayed are Load Name, Watts (shown per phase), FDR Size, Number of Poles, CB Amp Rating, and Circuit Number. The table below the rating table lists the Total Watts, Total Continuous Watts, and Total Non-Continuous Watts per phase. Total Watts / phase = Total Continuous Watts / phase + Total Non-Continuous Watts / phase

Sample reports for 3 Phase 3 Wire and 1 Phase 3 Wire panel systems are shown below:

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Sample Panel Loading Schedule - 1 Phase 3 Wire For 1 Phase 3 Wire systems the Line-Neutral and Line-Line Ratings are displayed in the output report as shown below.

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Sample Panel Loading Summary - 3 Phase 3 Wire The loading summary contains the same header and rating information as in the loading schedule. The other data displayed is connected, continuous and non-continuous Volt-Amps, Watts, Amps, and %PF, all displayed per phase as well as totals.

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Loading Category The loading category page is included in the Loading Summary page and displays Volt-Amps, Watts, Amps (avg), and %PF for the ten user-defined loading categories.

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Sample Panel Loading Summary - 1 Phase 3 Wire The loading summary contains the same header and rating information as in the loading schedule. The other data displayed is connected, continuous and non-continuous Volt-Amps, Watts, Amps, and %PF, all displayed as Line-Neutral or Line-Line depending upon the load connection.

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Loading Category The loading category page is included in the Loading Summary page and displays Volt-Amps, Watts, Amps (avg) and %PF for the ten user-defined loading categories based on Line-Neutral or Line-Line load connections.

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