ethernet implementation

8/12/2019 Ethernet Implementation

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CHAPTER

Practical EthernetImplementation


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Chapter Objectives Provide a background on Ethernet

itself and describe its characteristics Explain the practical implementation of

various Ethernet LANs 10BaseT, 10Base2 and 10Base5 Show sample networking devices and

network connections Introduce the 100 Mbps Ethernet that is

also known as fast Ethernet Discuss the various operating systems


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Chapter Modules

Background on Ethernet Ethernet Basic Characteristics Overview of Implementation IEEE Implementation of 10BaseT IEEE Implementation of 10Base2

IEEE Implementation of 10Base5 Fast (100 Mbps) Ethernet Networks Network Operating Systems for Ethernet

Networks


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N. Ganesan, All rights reserved.

MODULE

Background on Ethernet


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Module Objectives

Describe Ethernet in general Trace the origin of Ethernet Discuss the current status and speeds


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Ethernet Defined

A highly standardized popular networkarchitecture

Based on the CSMA/CD transmissionprotocol

It is a logical bus network that isimplemented both as a physical starand a physical bus network

Governed by the IEEE 802.3 standard


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Origin

CSMA/CD originated in Univ. ofHawaii in the 60s

Cabling and signaling schemes wereinvented at Xerox

Subsequently standardized by a groupof companies Xerox, Intel and DEC


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Current Status

Highly standardized Standards set by IEEE 802 committee

IEEE 802.3 Standards exists for different speeds of

Ethernet implementations


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Current Speeds

10 Mbps Ethernet Example: 10BaseT

100 Mbps Ethernet Example: 100BaseTX

1 Gigabit Ethernet New and evolving network technology

10 Gigabits Ethernet is currentlyemerging


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END OF MODULE


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MODULE

Ethernet Basic Characteristics


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Topology

Logical bus Physical implementation

Either Star or Bus Each has its own advantage


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Cabling

Popular Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) (10baseT)

Different categories for different speeds Thin coaxial (10base2)

Others

Thick coaxial (10Base5) Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Optical Fiber (10baseFL)


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Communication Channels

Network Cable

Single ChannelBaseband Technology

Ethernet Frame


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A Typical Ethernet FrameFormat

Preample

Receivers address

Senders address

Frame Type

CRC Trailer

Ethernet II Frame Format used for TCP/IP Communication


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Frame Components

Preamble Start of frame indicator

Destination address Source address Type

Network layer protocol identifier Trailer

CRC Error checking code


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END OF MODULE


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MODULE

Overview of Implementations


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Module Objectives

List 10 Mbps IEEE implementations Discuss 100 Mbps implementations Show typical star and bus

implementations


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10 Mbps IEEE 802.3Implementations

10BaseT Twisted pair implementation

10Base2 Thin coaxial implementation

10Base5 Thick coaxial implementation

10BaseFL Fiber implementation


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100 Mbps IEEE 802Implementations

100BaseTX Twisted pair implementation

100BaseT4 Uses two pairs of regular Cat 3 wires to transmit

at 100M bps 100VG AnyLAN

Twisted pair implementation with variation to the

100BaseTX implementation The network of choice at present is

Gigabit Ethernet that is gradually replacing100BaseTx networks


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A Typical Star Ethernet LANConfiguration

Client ServerClient

NIC NIC NICNIC

Hub

RJ 45 Connection

Twisted Pair Wire Cat 5e (1000baseT)


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A Typical Bus Ethernet LANConfiguration

Client ServerClient

Thin coaxialcable (10base2)T-Connector

Terminator

NIC NIC NICNIC


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END OF MODULE


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Module Objectives

10BaseT implementation hardware Implementation rules

Length limitation and use of repeaters Implementation in a building An actual 10BaseT configuration


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10BaseT ImplementationHardware Requirements

10BaseT NIC Hub

May act as a multi-port repeater UTP or STP wiring

RJ 45 based


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Actual ImplementationHardware

Hub

CablesNetwork

Cards


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10BaseT Implementation Rules

Maximum length of a 10BaseT segment 100 meters (328 feet)

Maximum number of computerssupported in the LAN 1024


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Length Limitation

Client Server

Hub

< 328 feet

< 328 feet


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Use of Repeaters for LengthExtension

Server

HubIf the distance is

greater than 328 feet,a repeater can be usedto extend the distance.

Repeater


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Use of Fiber Line Drivers forLength Extension

Server

Switch If the distance isgreater than 328 feet,

a fiber-optic line drivercan be used

to extend the distanceto several km.

Fiber Driver

Fiber Driver


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Implementation in a Building

HubPunch Down Client

Client

ServerWiring Rack(Wiring Closet)

Switch

Backbone

UTP


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Installation in a Building

Wiring closet is a reserved space in thebuilding for housing wiring hubs

Wiring rack Hubs and switches UTP cables are run to the wall UTP connection is run from the wall to

the desktop using a patch cable


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An Actual Star Ethernet LANConfiguration


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END OF MODULE


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MODULE

IEEE Implementation of10Base2 Bus Networks


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Module Objectives

Briefly outline the hardware needed toimplement a 10Base2 network

Discuss the 10base2 implementationrules such as those relating tomaximum segment length, minimum

distance between nodes etc.

l


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10Base2 Implementation:Hardware Requirements

10Base2 NIC 10Base2 cable

Thin coaxial cable BNC T connectors BNC terminators BNC barrel connectors, if necessary

Usage must be kept to a minimum, if notavoided


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A Si l 10 2


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A Simple 10Base2Implementation

Maximum Segment Length

Minimum Cable Length


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10Base2 Implementation Rules

Maximum segment length 185 meters (607 feet)

Minimum cable length 0.5 meters (20 inches)

Maximum number of computers persegment 30


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5-4-3 Segmentation Rule To build larger networks, segments can be

combined together based on the 5-4-3 rule 5 Segments

A 10Base2 LAN can consists of 5 segments 4 Repeaters

4 repeaters are used to form the 5 segments

3 segments with computers 3 of the segments can have stations attached


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A Sample 5-4-3 Implementation

Repeater

Repeater

Repeater

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5Repeater


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Extension of the 10Base2 LAN

A combined effect of the 4 repeaters isto extend the overall length of thenetwork

Maximum length 3035 feet


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Variations to the Rule

In practice, variations to the rule existfor practicality

Such implementations can therefore beconsidered as nonconforming withIEEE

The implication Interoperability with other conforming

devices is not guaranteed

The functional features are the


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Module Objectives

Implementing 10Base2 using switches Implementation in a building Variations in 10Base2 configuration 10Base2 and 10BaseT internetworking

I l ti g 10B 2 LAN


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Implementing 10Base2 LANsUsing Switches

Switch

S1 S2 S3

10B 2 I l t ti i


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10Base2 Implementation in aBuilding

Router

S1

S2 S3

Backbone

V i ti i Eth t B LAN


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Variations in Ethernet Bus LANConfiguration

10Base2 and 10BaseT


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10Base2 and 10BaseTInternetworking

Client Server

Hub

Client Client Server

Transceiver

10Base2

10BaseT

AUI


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END OF MODULE


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MODULE

IEEE Implementation of 10Base5Bus Networks


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Module Objectives

Give an overview of 10Base5 hardware Discuss the implementation rules Present a sample implementation for a

building Include other relevant notes on 10Base5

implementation Present an example of 10Base2 and

10Base5 integration

10Base5 Implementation


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10Base5 ImplementationHardware Requirements

10Base5 NIC Transceiver 10Base5 cables Transceiver cables


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A Simple Implementation

Thick Coax (10Base5)Transceiver Transceiver

Client Server

Vampire Clamp

15-pin AUIConnector


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10Base5 Implementation Rules

Maximum segment length 1,640 feet

Minimum length between connections 8 feet

5-4-3 rule holds for 10Base5 LAN as

well Maximum length in 5 segments 8,200 feet


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Other Notes on 10Base5

Transmission characteristics Thicknet is better than Thinnet Used as the Backbone

Workability Thinnet is better than Thicknet Used for floor distribution

An Example of 10Base2 and


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An Example of 10Base2 and10Base5 Deployment

Building

Floor

10Base5Backbone

Transceiver Repeater10Base2


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END OF MODULE


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MODULE

Fast (100 Mbps) Ethernet LANs


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Module Objectives

100 Mbps Ethernet variations 100BaseTX Characteristics A simple 100BaseTX implementation Media variations in implementing

100BaseX


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100 Mbps Ethernet Variations

100VG-AnyLAN Introduced by HP Standardized by IEEE 802.12 group

100BaseTX Also known as Fast Ethernet


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100BaseTX

A very popular implementation atpresent

Still based on CSMA/CD Baseband technology Implementation is similar to 10BaseT

Requires better UTP cable Category 5 Media variations are present

A Simple 100BaseTX


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A Simple 100BaseTXImplementation

Client Server

Hub

Media Based Variations of


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Media Based Variations of100BaseX

100BaseT4 4-pair Category 3, 4 or 5 UTP

100BaseTX 2-pair Category 5 UTP or STP

100BaseFL 2-strand fiber-optic cable


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END OF MODULE


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MODULE

Network Operating Systems forEthernet Networks


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Microsoft

Peer-to-Peer Windows Workgroup 3.11 Windows 9x (95, 98 etc.) Windows NT Workstation

Client-Server Windows NT Workstation for small LANs Windows NT Server Small Business Server

A combination of NT Server, Exchange Server


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UNIX

Many versions of Unix Examples

SCO Unix Linux AIX etc.


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Others

Novel NetWare Banyan Vines AppleShare

For apples on an Ethernet network etc.


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END OF MODULEEND OF CHAPTER

ethernet implementation

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