ethics of scientific publication barbara gastel, md, mph vimd 686, spring 2012
DESCRIPTION
Notes Let’s make this session interactive Some points in this session will be discussed further by speakers later in this courseTRANSCRIPT
![Page 2: Ethics of Scientific Publication Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH VIMD 686, Spring 2012](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b8c7f8b9ab0599bf2b5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Overview
• Ethics: some approaches and principles• Scientific publication: ethical norms and
issues• Some resources
![Page 3: Ethics of Scientific Publication Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH VIMD 686, Spring 2012](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b8c7f8b9ab0599bf2b5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Notes
• Let’s make this session interactive• Some points in this session will be
discussed further by speakers later in this course
![Page 4: Ethics of Scientific Publication Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH VIMD 686, Spring 2012](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b8c7f8b9ab0599bf2b5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Ethics: Some Approaches
• Deontological• Teleological• Other
![Page 5: Ethics of Scientific Publication Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH VIMD 686, Spring 2012](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b8c7f8b9ab0599bf2b5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Ethics: Some Principles
• Nonmaleficence: not doing harm• Beneficence: doing good• Autonomy: promotion of self-determination of
others• Justice: fairness• Universalizability: applicability in other such
circumstances• Rationality: ability to give good reasons
![Page 6: Ethics of Scientific Publication Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH VIMD 686, Spring 2012](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b8c7f8b9ab0599bf2b5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
A Distinction:Ethics versus Etiquette
(in other words:“crooks versus jerks”)
![Page 7: Ethics of Scientific Publication Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH VIMD 686, Spring 2012](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b8c7f8b9ab0599bf2b5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Scientific Publication:Ethical Norms and Issues
![Page 8: Ethics of Scientific Publication Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH VIMD 686, Spring 2012](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b8c7f8b9ab0599bf2b5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Authenticity
(not fabrication)
![Page 9: Ethics of Scientific Publication Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH VIMD 686, Spring 2012](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b8c7f8b9ab0599bf2b5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Accuracy
• Providing complete data (not only those supporting your hypothesis)
• Avoiding inappropriate manipulation of images such as photographs
• Using appropriate statistical procedures
![Page 10: Ethics of Scientific Publication Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH VIMD 686, Spring 2012](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b8c7f8b9ab0599bf2b5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Originality
• Not republishing the same findings (except under special circumstances, with the original source cited)
• Not submitting the same manuscript to two or more journals at once
• Not dividing one modest-sized research project into many little papers (“salami science”)
![Page 11: Ethics of Scientific Publication Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH VIMD 686, Spring 2012](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b8c7f8b9ab0599bf2b5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Credit
• Citing sources of information and ideas (also aids credibility, helps in finding out more)
• Avoiding excessive use of others’ words– Recording sources when copying items or
taking notes– Placing in quotation marks, or indenting, items
used verbatim– Perhaps drafting some items while not looking
at the source materials
![Page 12: Ethics of Scientific Publication Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH VIMD 686, Spring 2012](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b8c7f8b9ab0599bf2b5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Credit (continued)
• Observing copyright and obtaining needed permissions
• Assigning authorship appropriately– Avoiding guest authors and ghost authors– If applicable, assigning contributorship– Acknowledging sources of assistance
![Page 13: Ethics of Scientific Publication Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH VIMD 686, Spring 2012](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b8c7f8b9ab0599bf2b5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Ethical Treatment of Humans and Animals
(and documentation thereofin publications)
![Page 14: Ethics of Scientific Publication Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH VIMD 686, Spring 2012](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b8c7f8b9ab0599bf2b5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest
• Financial• Other
![Page 15: Ethics of Scientific Publication Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH VIMD 686, Spring 2012](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b8c7f8b9ab0599bf2b5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Some Areas Where Graduate Students May Face Ethical Issues
• Authorship• Choice of journals• Collaboration in peer reviewing• Other
![Page 16: Ethics of Scientific Publication Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH VIMD 686, Spring 2012](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b8c7f8b9ab0599bf2b5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ethical Publication
• Not only avoiding bad practices (fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, etc) but also doing good
• Therefore, obligations– To publish – To present work in a way that is readily
understood
![Page 17: Ethics of Scientific Publication Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH VIMD 686, Spring 2012](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b8c7f8b9ab0599bf2b5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Some Resources
![Page 18: Ethics of Scientific Publication Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH VIMD 686, Spring 2012](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b8c7f8b9ab0599bf2b5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
On Being a Scientist: Responsible Conduct in Research, 3rd edition (2009)
• From the US National Academies
• Largely for graduate students
• Available at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12192
• Video also posted
![Page 19: Ethics of Scientific Publication Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH VIMD 686, Spring 2012](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b8c7f8b9ab0599bf2b5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Other Resources
• CSE’s White Paper on Promoting Integrity in Scientific Journal Publications, 2009 update– From the Council of Science Editors– Posted at
http://www.councilscienceeditors.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3331
• How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper, 7th edition, by Robert A. Day and Barbara Gastel
![Page 21: Ethics of Scientific Publication Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH VIMD 686, Spring 2012](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b8c7f8b9ab0599bf2b5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Wishing you all the best!