ethnograpy and field research to better understand the people and the city
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Ethnograpy and Field Research to Better Understand the People and the City
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FIELD RESEARCH
PLACE PEOPLE
Understanding the context to
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ETHNOGRAPHYPSICOGEOGRAPHYMAPPING ERGONOMY
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Life is complex*
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culture as an iceberg
exp
licit
tac
it
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ethnographyObserving behaviour in natural settings.Literally means “writing about people groups”. It has been formulated in 1800s as a method to study “native cul-tures”.
So asking questions and make interviews is not the best way to understand a culture
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In order to understand unspoken and not measur-able information, the inves-tigator should live and live like those who are studied. (Van Maanen, 1996).
Living in the context allows us to understand patterns of behav-iours in a real context, ad under-stand them both rationally and intuitively
“If you want to understand what motivates a guy to pick up skateboarding, you could bring him into a sterile labo-ratory and interrogate him… or you could spend a week in a skatepark observing him interacting with his friends, practicing new skills and hav-ing fun. Ethnography is ob-serving people’s behavior in their own environments so you can get a holistic understand-ing of their world—one that you can intuit on a deeply per-sonal level.”—LiAnne Yu, cultural anthropologist
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ethnographyCharacteristics. Takes place in the field Observation is primary data collection technique Interviews are used to clarify observations Attention is paid to con-text and artifacts Field notes coded and analised for themes and vari-ables
be the foreignerAnd the most important tip:
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When to use ethnographyEthnography prduces fresh insights for design strategy
Discovery Formulation Evaluation
Initi
atio
n
De
sign
Co
nce
pt
Laun
ch
ETHNOGRAPHY SURVEY DEPHTINTERVIEWS
FORMATIVE USABILITY
EVALUATIVE USABILITY
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The Process of Field Research
Get stuff
Think about it
Transform it
Output stuff
Research Planning Determine the research focus Determine location and context Determine and design data capture methodData collection
Visual data: -videotaping -photography -passive observation.. Verbal -conversations -stories collection -questionnaires ..
Material organization Design a format Select useful data Explain data in an under-standable way
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Methodology Investigate people in their context sampling
VISU
ALVE
RBAL
QUALITATIVEQUANTITATIVE
PhotoVideo
Artifacts
Observations
Interviews
Confrontation of materialSurvey
Questionnaire
Data collection
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Have a look at this...http://www.flickr.com/groups/probes/
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Data collectionCultural probes
Probes kit are envelopes con-taining: Probes artifacts: cameras, albums, cards, post-it Probes tasks: filling maps, picture taking, filling-in dia-ries...
Inspiration probesInvestigation probesParticipatory probesDialogue probes
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MethodologyMaterial organization Ethnography is a systematic process.While useful ideas can emerge during cas-ual observation, the most powerful insights come from a rigorous analysis of system-atically collected data.
Design your own format- Title- Keywords (not THAT many...)- Descriptions- Highlights (what sounds more inspiring)- Moodboard- Maps- Diagrams
Facoltà del Design – Corso di Laurea Specialistica in Design dei ServiziLab. Sviluppo Prodotto - a.a. 2006/07Proff. Anna Meroni, Paola Trapani, Tommaso Buganza PRIMA ESERCITAZIONE
13 aprile 2007
...et labora.
Abbazia di Mirasole (Opera, MI)L’Antica vocazione agricola dell’Abbazia ha lasciato tracce indelebili sui territori circostanti, che sono tuttora composti da una vasta serie ordinata di campi.
Abbazia di Mirasole (Opera, MI)Il portale di ingresso conferisce un’immagine imponente all’Abbazia, che un tempo era una vera e propria costruzione forti�cata.
Abbazia di Chiaravalle (Milano).Se all’interno la sensazione predominante è quella di pace, nei territori intorno all’Abbazia, si può vedere l’attività nei campi, e qualche traccia di città, come il treno che passa ogni ora.
Abbazia di Viboldone (San Giuliano Milanese, MI) La presenza delle monache che abitano l’abbazia, e la rendono viva con le loro attività è testimoniata da alcune tracce che si trovano in giro, come questa bicicletta legata al cancello vicino al chiostro.
Facoltà del Design – Corso di Laurea Specialistica in Design dei Servizi
Lab. Sviluppo Prodotto - a.a. 2006/07
Proff. Anna Meroni, Paola Trapani, Tommaso Buganza
PRIMA ESERCITAZIONE
13 aprile 2007
Ora..
Abbazia di Chiaravalle (Milano)
La torre nolare sostituiva il campanile nella chamata dei fedeli alla messa.
Col tempo è diventata il vero simbolo dell’Abbazia, ed è stata ribattezzata dai mila-
nesi “Ciribiciaccola”.
Abbazia di Chiaravalle (Milano)
La statua della Madonna (che sembra essere piuttosto moderna), si trova sotto un
lucernario, che, assieme ai ceri dei fedeli, crea dei giochi di luce che variano nel corso
della giornata.
Abbazia di Viboldone (San Giuliano Milanese, MI).
L’interno della chiesa è riccamente decorato, e sulle sue pareti si possono leggere gli
stili di diversi secoli: il Romanico si mischia con il Barocco, o con il Neoclassico.
A volte gli accostamenti sono un po’ azzardati, e lasciano sorpresi, così ci si perde a
scoprire i particolari più nascosti, come questo angelo incastrato in una cappellina
laterale.
Abbazia di Chiaravalle (Milano)
Nonostante il silenzio che c’è all’interno, l’Abbazia è molto frequentata; lo si capisce
anche dai molti lumini votivi che si trovano sotto lestatue all’interno della chiesa.
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Discover meaningEthnography allows us to
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Understand normsEthnography allows us to
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Make communication powerful
Ethnography allows us to
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Be worldlyEthnography allows us to
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Observe realityEthnography allows us to
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Identify barriersEthnography allows us to
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Quarto OggiaroAn example of field research
exploration
focus on one activity(comoprare)
find the “extreme user” (association)
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Life is complex(but understandable)*