etit 102 - week 6 evolution of world political history – 2 (part 1)
TRANSCRIPT
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ETIT 102 - WEEK 6
Evolution of World Political History – 2 (Part 1)
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The 18th & 19th Cent. : 3 Themes
1) Popular Sovereignty
2) Westernization of the International System
3) The Growth of the Multipolar System
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1) Popular Sovereignty
• The people claimed the state for themselves. • Until this time, the prevailing belief was that kings
ruled by divine right over both territory and people, who were subjects, not citizens.
• Inspired by the age of Enlightment, The American (1776) and French (1789) revolutions challanged this philosophy.
• Democracies were established on the principle that ultimate political power rests with people, not the monarch.
• The concept of nationalism to include mass identification with/participation in the affairs of the state.
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Political Implications of Revolutions
• Democratic nationalism spread throughout Europe and steadily undermined monarchical government and its concept of divine right.
• Nationalism and popular sovereignty were also undermined the basis of multiethnic/colonial empires (i.e.Ottoman, Austria-Hungary, Russia, British,etc.)
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2) Westernization of the International System
• The domination & shaping of the international system by the West.
• The growth of European powers (Britain,France, etc.) to thrust outward and the take control of America and some parts of Asia/Africa/Middle East.
• The process accelerated in the 19th cent , mainly due to industrial revolution.
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European Colonization of Americas (1763)
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3) The Growth of the Multipolar System
• From the Treaty of Wesphalia (1648) through the mid-20th cent., multipolar system governed political relations among the globally dominant major European powers.
• The multipolar system as marked by shifting alliances designed to preserve the balance of power.
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Diplomats at the Congress of Vienna (1815)
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The national boundaries within Europe as set by the Congress of Vienna, 1815
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The Evolving World System: The Twentieth Century
• The pace of world political evolution began to speed up even more by the beginning of the 1900s.
• Nationalism & Democratic demands increasingly undermined the foundations of 1815 Vienna settlements; the multi-ethnic empires such as the Austo-Hungarian & Ottoman empires.
• Unification of Germany and Italy in the late 19th cent. • Following WWI, many new states emerged such as
Czechoslovakia, Poland & Yugoslavia, along with the ones in the Middle East and Africa.
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To be continued