etsi workshop on ict energy efficiency and environmental...

Gilles DRETSCH ORANGE

June 2015 – Sophia Antipolis

ETSI Workshop on ICT Energy Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability

2 Gilles DRETSCH ORANGE Waste Management for ETSI Workshop June 2015

Reminder on WEEE Directive

– "Waste electrical and electronic equipment" or "WEEE" refers to electrical or electronic equipment which has been discarded by its end-user. “Electrical and electronic equipment" or "EEE" means equipment which is designed for use with a voltage rating not exceeding 1,000 Volt for alternating current and 1,500 Volt for direct current.

– Directive 2012/19/EU, “WEEE Directive”, and Directive 2011/65/EU, “RoHS Directive”, set up the European regulatory framework for the separate collection and treatment of electrical and electronic equipment waste in each Member State.

– The new WEEE Directive 2012/19/EU entered into force on 13 August 2012 and became effective on 14 February 2014 in EU State members.

The WEEE Directive specifically requires:

– EEE eco-design in order to facilitate WEEE reuse and treatment

– separate collection of WEEE,

– systematic treatment of specific components (such as PCB condensers, printed circuit boards) and of substances classified as dangerous (such as mercury, CFCs) to prevent pollution

– reuse, recycling and recovery of collected WEEE with high recycling and recovery targets, with the reuse of whole devices being identified as the priority.

– http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/weee/index_en.htm

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012L0019


Current Categories

1. Large household appliances (e.g. fridges, washing machines, microwaves, electric radiators, air conditioner appliances)

2. Small household appliances (e.g. vacuum cleaners, toasters, tooth brushes, clocks)

3. IT and telecommunications equipment (e.g. mainframes, PCs, laptops, printers, photocopiers, telephones, mobile phones)

4. Consumer equipment [and photovoltaic panels] (e.g. TVs, radios)

5. Lighting equipment

6. Electrical and electronic tools (excluding large-scale stationary industrial tools) (e.g. drills, sewing machines, lawn mowers)

7. Toys, leisure and sports equipment (e.g. hand-held video games consoles, video games, sports equipment with electrical components)

8. Medical devices (excluding all implanted and infected products) (e.g. radiotherapy equipment, ventilators, dialysis equipment)

9. Monitoring and control instruments (e.g. smoke detectors, thermostats)

10. Automatic dispensers ( automatic dispensers for hot drinks, money, etc.)

Categories in 2018

Temperature exchange equipment

Screens, monitors, and equipment containing screens with surface > 100cm2

Lamps

Large equipment (any external dimension > 50cm)

Small equipment (no external dimension > 50cm)

Small IT and telecommunications equipment (no external dimension > 50cm)

Photovoltaic pannels

3

The new WEEE Categories


WEEE …some figures for 2013 ….(source ADEME) – 622 millions of EEE put in the market in 2013, representing 1,55 million tons

of EEE,

– 1,6 million tons = 160

– in the European Union: 9 millions tons of EEE put on the market on average each year

– Distinction made between Household and Professional EEE (in some countries like France)

– Equipment is considered to be professional if its use is exclusively professional, or if the devices are distributed exclusively via professional distribution channels: the case for ICT/Data Center EEE

– « mixed WEEE » are considered as household

– Households EEE: 559 millions of households EEE put on the market in 2013

– 8,5 EEE on average per inhabitant

– cat 3 (IT/Telecom): around 22% of the EEE put on the market in units and around 7% in tonnage

– Professionals EEE: 62,8 millions of tons (+11% in comparison to 2012) cat3: 40% in tonnage et 30% in units


WEEE collection, some figures …

– 479 kTons of WEEE collected in France in 2013 (around 30% of the average amount put on the market last 3 years …)

– 2,74 millions de tons of WEEE collected from 2006 …

– 455 kTons of Households WEEE : stable % 2011 et 2012

– 24 kTons of Pro WEEE cat 3 (IT / telecom) = 70% !

– cat 1 (large households appliance): most important tonnage

– 463Ktons of collected DEEE treated (77% recycled)

Distribution of Professionnal WEEE collected by categories (ADEME)


Extended Producer Responsibility

– « Ground » principle of WEEE Directive

– an EEE producer as the entity which puts the equipment on a State Member market (EU country by country: not possible for whole EU)

– Producers are responsible for organizing and financing the collection and treatment of WEEE

– in some countries (France, UK, Spain, Poland …) the producer can delegate this responsibility to a State Agreed Structure: Eco-organismes …

WEEE Producers types in France (source ADEME)


WEEE treatment

– Five types of WEEE treatment can be identified. They are ranked below according to the degree of priority given to them by the regulation:

(source ADEME)


European Benchmark – an inhabitant of the EU has generated on average19,2 kg of WEEE in 2013) towards 7 kg

on average in the world.

– biggest WEEE producers are Germany (23,2 kg), UK (21,9 kg) and France (21 kg), Italy (17,8 kg) and Spain(18 kg) are under the European average

– NB: the collection rate are not always measured the same way inside EU !

– most of the countries reach the collection objective set by the first release of WEEE Directive in 2006 (currently revised) of 4kg/inhab/year

– objective for 2016: 45% of the average tonnage put on the market the last 3 years

– more ambitious…

– ex: 6,9kg/inhab in France en 2013: should be 9,5 kg/inhab en 2016

– ICT domain will have to contribute !

– some trends…

– miniaturization of the EEE

– less valuable materials (precious metals), rare earths more difficult to recover …

– increasing complexity in EEE conception

– integration of several functions in a same Device (smartphone)

– limited impact of eco-conception

– short Life Cycle of the EEE …


WEEE Directive Recast

- new collection targets for EU Member State for both household and business WEEE

-45% in 2016 and 65% in 2019 (put on the market) or 85% of waste generated in 2019 - collect an higher part of WEEE deposit !

- six/seven new categories of WEEE with wider scope in 08/2018 - strenghthening controls to struggle again illegal exports outside UE - clear distinction criteria between used EEE and WEEE - free take back of small WEEE (1:0) - possibility for producer to appoint an authorized representative


New collection objectives – New collection rate:

– Minimum collection rate of 45% in 2016

– Represent on average 10kg/inhab of WEEE for France

– increases to 65 % (EEE placed on the market) or 85% (WEEE generated), respectively in 2019

– WEEE Generated calculation still under discussion: method proposed by UNU based on EEE put on the market, WEEE stocks and EEE life duration

– These targets do not apply directly to individual companies but are global

– New obligation: 1:0 free of charge collection of small WEEE

– “distributors provide for the collection, at retail shops with sales areas relating to EEE of minimum 400 m2, or in their immediate proximity, of very small WEEE (no external dimension more than 25 cm) free of charge to end-users and with no obligation to buy an EEE of equivalent type”


European Regulation 1013 (CE 1013/2006)

– Objectives

– enforce, simplify and describe transboundary waste shipments procedures

– reduce risk of illegal transfer inside and outside European Union

– integrate European regulation into Basel Convention dispositions

– Scope

– This Regulation applies to shipments of waste:

– between Member States, within the European Union (EU) or with transit through third countries;

– imported into the EU from third countries;

– exported from the EU to third countries;

– in transit through the EU, on the way from and to third countries.

– Applicable procedures

– This Regulation also reduces the number of waste shipment control procedures from three to two:

– the “green listed” procedure applies to non-hazardous waste intended for recovery;

– the notification procedure applies to shipments of all waste intended “orange list” for disposal and hazardous waste intended for recovery.

12 Gilles DRETSCH ORANGE Waste Management for ETSI Workshop June 2015 interne Groupe France Télécom

Basel Convention

– Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal

– Adopted in 1989 and entered into force in 1992

– Prevent and organize transfer of hazardous waste from developped (OECD) to less developped countries

– Based on « prior informed consent » principle

– Shipment without parties consent and to and from non Parties are illegal

– each parties have to ensure that hazardous and other waste are managed and treated in a environmentaly sound manner

– Of the 175 parties to the Convention, only Afghanistan, Haiti, and the United States have signed the Convention but not yet ratified it.


what is at stake for ICT domain (1) – identify the type of WEEE concerned

– old servers and storage equip., PABX, old PCs, others WEEE…

– check who holds the Producer role

– not always easy especially for old equipment

– NB: before 2005 / Historical WEEE / the user has always the role of Producer

– find the relevant and traceable collection / transport / collection scheme

– different actors like agreed ECO-ORGANISMS

– be careful on traceability after collection (bill of materials, BSD …)

– decommissioning of some WEEE may be complex and generate extra costs!

– on the ground collaborative work / best practices and experience sharing with local CSR, sourcing, IT, legal, logistics in our companies to…

–- estimate the level of conformity of WEEE treatment regarding the local regulations and the processes

–- check the management of WEEE and other hazardous wastes (batteries, cables…)

–- know the wastes channels

–- check the contracts with recycling companies and suppliers

–- take into account the procedures and the wastes channels through visits of recycling companies and warehouses

–- ensure reliable reporting …


what is at stake for ICT domain (2) – ensure RoHS and REACH compliancy with your suppliers

– take into account waste management in big network transformation process

– renewal of Data Center

– renewal/upgrades of companies IT network and infrastructures (internal telephony/internet networks …)

– All IP process (progressive decommissioning of PSTN network, ATM equipment …)

– virtualization, RAN/FAN renewal …

– be also informed about materials resources recovery opportunities in some WEEE

– precious metals in PCB cards, rare earths …

– Waste Management is one important part of Corporate Social Reponsability (CSR)…

– Last UNEP report ….

– Selon une récente étude du Programme pour l’Environnement des Nations Unies (UNEP), 60 à 90 % des déchets électroniques sont revendus et / ou jetés illégalement par des trafiquants. Interpol estime qu’une tonne de déchet électroniques se négocie environ 500 dollars (438 euros) au marché noir. Avec une prévision de 41 à 75 millions de tonnes émises chaque année dès 2017, le montant du trafic est estimé entre 12 et 19 milliards de dollars, soit 10 à 17 milliards d’euros.


waste generated: the figures for Orange (2014 CSR report)

15%

around 42 000 tons

of waste


RoHS Directive recast – Directive 2011/65/EU, published on July 2011, is a revision of the RoHS Directive

(2002/95/EC)

– Restricts the use of the following six substances:

– Lead (Pb)

– Mercury (Hg)

– Cadmium (Cd)

– Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+)

– Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB)

– Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE)

– Extension of the scope of EEE concerned

– All the current 10 EEE categories included now

– Exemption cases more controlled

– Achieve consistency with other European Regulation about substances

– Update progressively the 6 substances taking into account

– progressive harmonization with some of REACH SVHC* candidate substances

– http://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table (currently 161)

– Scientific research results about substances

– Check with suppliers the way they include in EEE these evolutions

– inclusion of RoHS compliancy in CE Marking and labelling

*: substances of very high concern: of concern for health and environment: restricted in some cases by REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of Chemicals) Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_%28element%29

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexavalent_chromium

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybrominated_biphenyls



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBDE





http://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table





18 Gilles DRETSCH ORANGE WEEE Management for ETSI Workshop June 2015

The facts and the figures in Africa > The business of electronic products is fast growing

– 2billions of computer are used in the world

– Within 10 years in Africa

– Number of PC used : X10

– Number of mobile subscribers: X100 !

> High market share and demand for second hand and low cost products

> by 2017, Africa might generate more e-waste than EU

– Mainly due to the increasing use of mobile phones and computers

– The scheduled obsolescence and the short lifecycle of EEE in Developed countries feed the second-hand equipments movements to emerging countries

> Informal activities in the e-waste recycling chain are present in all countries and include collection, manual dismantling, open-burning to recover metals and open dumping of residual fractions.

19 Gilles DRETSCH WEEE Management for ETSI Workhshop June 2015

What is at stake …

> The collection is mainly performed by the informal sector (scrap metal workers)

> Avoid the import of e-waste and near-end-of-life equipment but the import of second-hand EEE provides also development opportunities

– Contribute to reduce the « numeric gap » - socio-economic aspect

– Refurbishing of EEE and the sales of used EEE is an important economic sector in some countries of West Africa (e.g. Ghana and Nigeria).

– well-organized and a dynamic sector that holds the potential for further industrial development : allows low and middle income households with affordable ICT equipment and other EEE.

> Recycling WEEE : a succession of operations :

– Collection / Transport / dismantling / separation of fractions / recovery of valuable materials / treatment of the hazardous fractions

– both valuable and non-valuable waste fractions must be treated properly

– Connecting informal collectors to a formal recycling structure is key when possible


some exemples of rare resources

rare earths, which are used in many applications, wind turbine, medicine, through (among others) the defense, lighting, flat screens,electric vehicles

– > Lithium, in batteries, particularly for the electric vehicle; > Niobium, necessary in the automotive and aerospace industry; > Beryllium, for the aerospace, energy of the future (ITER); > Rhenium, on the high temperature superalloys required for turbojets; > Germanium, for fiber optics and night vision


E-waste and resources – New PCs, cell phones, tablets, other e-products use each year 320

tons of gold, 7500 tons of silver

– Manufacturing these high tech e-products requires $16 billion in gold and $5 billion in silver – locked any year in these goods

– Less than 15% is recovered

– For gold: EEE products consumed 7,7% (320 tons – equal to 2,5% of the US Gold reserves in Fort Knox) of world supply in 2011

– From 2001 to 2011: the world’s annual gold supply increased by 15% (3900 tons in 2001 – 4500 tons in 2011) but the price per ounce increased from $ 300 ton more than $ 1 500

– Urban mining deposits are 40 to 50 times richer than primary mines !

PGM: Platinum Group Metals: ruthénium 44Ru, rhodium 45Rh, palladium 46Pd, osmium 76Os, iridium 77Ir, platine 78Pt

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth%C3%A9nium

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladium_(chimie)

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridium

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platine


WEEE collection repartition

Thank you ! Questions ?

etsi workshop on ict energy efficiency and environmental...

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