eu and the world the eu maintains diplomatic relations with nearly all countries in the world. it...
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EU and the World
• The EU maintains diplomatic relations with nearly all countries in the world.
• It has strategic partnerships with key international players, • is deeply engaged with emerging powers around the globe, • and has signed bilateral Association Agreements with a number of states in its
vicinity.
• Abroad, the Union is represented by a number of EU Delegations, which have a similar function to those of an embassy.
• The European Union plays an important role in international affairs through
• diplomacy, • trade, • development aid and • cooperation with global organisations.
The European Union: 500 million people – 28 countries
Member states of the European Union
Candidate and potential candidate countries
Climate change – a global challenge
To stop global warming, EU leaders decided in 2007 to:
4 reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2020 (30% if other developed
countries do likewise)
4 improve energy efficiency by 20% by 2020
4 raise the share of renewable energy to 20% by 2020 (wind, solar, hydro
power, biomass)
Energy sources in a changing world
Fuel used in EU in 2010, as share of total
Oil35%
Gas25%
Nuclear13%Coal
16% Renewables10%
39%
84%
62%
100%
53%
OilCoal Gas Nuclear(uranium)
Renewables All types of fuel
0%
Share of fuel imported from outside the EU in 2010
Research - investing in the knowledge society
Spending on research and development in 2010 (% of GDP)
2.0%
3.0%
1.5%
2.9%
3.4%
EU EU objective2020
China Japan United States
Solidarity in practice: the EU cohesion policy
2007-2013: €347 billion invested for infrastructure, business, environment and training of workers for less well-off regions or citizens
4 Regional fund
4 Social fund
4 Cohesion fund
Convergence objective: regions with GDP per capita under 75% of the EU average. 81.5% of the funds are spent on this objective.
Regional competitiveness and employment objective.
The EU: an exporter of peace and prosperity
4 World trade rules
4 Common foreign and security policy
4 Development assistance and humanitarian aid
EU runs the peacekeeping operations and the rebuilding of society in
war-torn countries like Bosnia-Herzegovina.
LOME AND COTONOU
“capitalism with conscience” - Christian Democracy
“conscience with capitalism” - Left
“capitalism with good heart” - Right
“conscientious capitalism” - new Centre
Lome Convention 1975
• It was a comprehensive trade-and-aid agreement between the European Union (EEC) and 71 developing countries of Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP states). The main function of the Convention was to send aid directly to the ACP governments. Lome was revisited 4 times, Financial Protocols - (Lome I, II, III, IV). It expired in 2000 and was replaced with
• Signed in Benin in 2000. To be in force for 20 years. Articles 19-33 set out the “developmental strategies”, including “institutional development and capacity building.” The Agreement, on the one hand, is to be compatible with the WTO.
• On the other hand, it gives preferential status to the ACP vis-à-vis the EU. But unlike Lome, the aid given to the states is to be accounted for, which is why it is supervised by the EU. This is the “capacity building” and “institutional development” part.
Cotonou Agreement
Main points
• debt relief• measures to mitigate the effects of short-term fluctuations in
ACP states’ export earnings (Art. 68)• guarantees for private sector investment (art. 77)
The EU is the biggest provider of development aid in the world
Official development assistance per citizen, 2011
110€
60€
70€
EU Japan United States
The EU provides over half of all development aid
The EU – a major trading power
Share of world trade in goods (2007)
Share of world trade in services (2007)
Others53.2%
EU17%
United States14.5%
Japan5.8%
China9.5%
Others40.6%
EU28.5%
United States18.2%
Japan6.8%
China5.9%
A high representative for foreign affairs and security
Catherine Ashton
Double hat: chairs the Foreign Aff airs Council meetings + Vice-president of the European Commission
Manages the common foreign and security policy
Head of European External Action Service
Embassies?
• In addition to bilateral relations with countries and regions in all continents, the EU also operates delegations in all corners of the world. A network of 139 EU delegations and offices are the eyes, ears and mouthpiece of the European Union vis-à-vis the authorities and the population in their host countries.
European External Action Service
• European External Action Service• The EEAS is the European Union's diplomatic corps. It supports the EU
foreign affairs chief (High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Catherine Ashton) in conducting the common foreign and security policy.
• It has Delegations around the world working on behalf of the people of Europe and representing the EU as a whole.
Relationship to other EU bodies
• The EEAS is functionally autonomous from other EU bodies – but has a legal responsibility to ensure its policies are consistent with other EU policies.
• To help ensure this, the High Representative is also a Vice-President of the European Commission, and President of the Foreign Affairs Council. The EEAS diplomatic service also supports High Representative Catherine Ashton in these capacities.
Origins of the EEAS
• November 2009 – Catherine Ashton (UK) chosen as future EU High Representative by EU leaders, created by the Lisbon Treaty. The appointment was later endorsed by a large majority in the European Parliament.
• December 2009 – Lisbon Treaty enters into force• July 2010 – European External Action Service established on 26 July
2010 by decision of the Council of Ministers• December 2010 – Senior EEAS management team nominated and
staff transferred from other EU bodies• January 2011 – EEAS officially launched
SG.2Legal affairs
Van Hegelsom
MD VIICrisis Response and
Operational Coordination Miozzo
CMPDLenoir f.f.
SG.1Corporate
Board Secretariat
Onestini
EDAArnould
EU ISSMissiroli
EU SatCen Lovrenčič
Roy
Political Affairs Department
Security Policy and CSDP Structures
MDR.C.6Rights andobligations
Huber
VII.2EU situation
room Mavromichalis
DSG 2.1Policy Coordination Martinez Carbonell
DSG 2.2StrategicPlanning
Conte
CIVCOM LeinonenPMG Molenaar
G.1Political and
Security CommitteeCostello
GChair of the Political and
Security Committee Stevens
MD VAmericas
Leffler
MD IVNorth Africa, Middle East,Arabian Peninsula,
Iran and IraqMingarelli
MD IIAfrica
Westcott
MD IIIEurope and Central
Asia Fernandez de la Pena
MD VIGlobal and Multilateral
Issues Marinaki
III.BRussia, Eastern
Partnership; Central Asia, Regional
Cooperation and OSCE Wiegand
II.BWest and Central
Africa Ustubs
V.AAmericasSchäfer
I.ASouth and South
East Asia Astuto
VI.B.Multilateral Relations
and Global Issues Auer
MAMA Bozovic MOG Kisling
COMEP Di Michele
IV.A.3Regional policiesfor the Southern Mediterranean
Bergamini
IV.A.5Arabian Peninsula,
Iran and Iraq O’Rourke
IV.A.1Middle East I – Egypt, Syria,
Lebanon, Jordan
Bontosoglou
IV.A.4MaghrebSavage
COWEB Everard
III.B.2Eastern
Partnership – bilateral
Schuebel
COAFR Lunny
II.B.1West Africa
Doyle
II.B.2Central Africa Notarangelo
II.A.1Horn of Africa, East Africa andIndian Ocean
Wiedey-Nippold
AMLAT/COLAT Acosta Soto
V.A.1US, Canada
Andresen Guimaraes
V.1Regional affairs
Hatwell
V.A.2Mexico and
Central America Bell
V.A.3Andean
Countries Fanti
V.A.4Mercosur Countries
Koetsenruijter
I.A.1India, Nepal,
Bhutan Castillo
I.A.2Pakistan,
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives
Tirr
I.A.3South East Asia
Sabatucci
I.B.1China, HK,
Macao, Taiwan, Mongolia
Fabrizi
CONUNDe Peyron
VI.B.3Multilateralrelations
De Peyron
VI.A.1Human rights
policy guidelines and multilateral
cooperationTison
COASI Majewski
II.A.2Southern Africa Carro Castrillo
VI.A.3Democracy and
electoral observation
Giaufret
MDR CHuman
Resources Larsson
MDR AFinance and
Corporate Support Guerend
MDR.A.2Contracts
Perez Jimenez
MDR.A.1Budget O’Neill
MDR.A.3Informationtechnology
Ruys
MDR.A.4Infrastructure,protocol and conferences Christiane
MDR.B.3Secure
communications
Hottiaux
MDR .B.1Field security
Croll
K.2Conflict prevention, peace building and
mediation instrumentsWasilewska
III.B.3RussiaDegert
K.3Security policy and sanctions
VI.B.1Global issues andcounter-terrorism
Guyader
III.A.2Western Balkans
Jonsson
III.A.1Western Europe
Grippa
IV. 1. European Neighbourhood
Policy Majorenko
II.1Pan-African
affairsCosta
Pereira
III.B.4Central Asia
Kionka
II.AHorn of Africa,
East and Southern Africa,
Indian Ocean Vervaeke
VI.AHuman Rights and
Democracy Arnault
VI.B.2Developmentcooperation coordination
Fernandez-Shaw
V.A.5Caribbean Kalogirou
MDR Administration and Finance
Child
IV.AN. Africa, Middle East,
Arabian Peninsula, Iran and Iraq Berger
Turkey Advisor Portman
VI.A.2Human rights policy
instruments andbilateral
cooperation Mandler
COHOMTheuermann
MDR.B.2HQ security and EEAS security
policyLajos
III.AWestern Europe,
Western Balkans andTurkey
Gentilini
MDR BSecurity Potuyt
III.B.1Eastern
Partnership,Regional
Cooperation and OSCE
Tibbels
IV.A.2Middle East II – Israel, occupiedterritories and
MEPPGabrici
I.BNorth East Asiaand the Pacific
Sabathil
I.B.2Japan, Korea,Australia, New
Zealand Wilson
I.B.3Pacific
Ruiz Serrano
MDR.C.1HR policy and coordination
Vazquez Garrido f.f.
MDR.C.2Selection and recruitment of
AD and AST staff Llombart Cussac
MDR.C.3CA staff, SNE and trainees
Mellado Pascua
MDR.C.4Career and
learning developmentPerez Vidal
MDR.C.5Local agents
Laurent
Foreign Policy Instruments
Service (FPI – Commission
service) Margue
Budget, finance, inter-
institutional relations
Miller
Stability instrument operations
Ruiz-Calavera
CFSPoperations
Krengel
Public diplomacy;
election observation
Nette
SG 4Parliamentary
affairs Castro-
Zuzuarregui
MD IAsia and the
Pacific Isticioaia-Budura
I.1Horizontal affairs
Cody
EUMS DLogistics
Loria
EUMS ECommunications and information
systems Santomartino
ESDC
CPCCHaber
EUMSWosolsobe
Chair EUMC De Rousiers
EUROPEAN EXTERNALACTION SERVICEGraphic presentation
Corporate board
1st October 2013
EUSR
VII.1Crisis response
planning and operations
Pisani
KSecurity policy andconflict prevention
Jenny
COARM LottonCONOP
Rudischhauser CODUN Ganslandt
K.1Weapons of mass
destruction,conventional
weapons, space Ganslandt
MediatorAllegra
F.1Internal audit
Promelle
F.3.Ex-post control
Cavendish
F.2.Delegation support
and evaluation service
De Filippi
Executive SecretaryGeneralVimont
HRVPAshton
Chief Operating OfficerO’Sullivan
SG 3Strategic
communication Mann
Deputy Secretary General Popowski
Deputy Secretary General
Political Director Schmid
CPCC.A1Conduct ofoperations
Garcia Perez
CMPD. A1Coordination
Durazzo
CMPD. A2Capabilities,
concepts, training and exercices
Porzio
CMPD. A3Integrated strategic
planning Lenoir
CMPD.A4CSDP policy,partnerships
and agreements Mariani
CPCC.A2Chief of staff/
horizontal coordination
Janvier
CPPCC.A3Mission support
Pampaloni
EUMS AConcepts and
Capability Roux
EUMS BIntelligence
Alafuzoff
EUMS COperations
Geens
Principal AdvisorSpecial Envoy
Bylica
VII.3Consular crisismanagement
Delcroix
Senior Military AdvisorHuhn
COEST/COSCEVuorimaki
- GREY : Commission Service reporting directly to HRVP ASHTON
Activated EU operations centre
Van der Linde
COTRAZajc Freudenstein
Principal AdvisorMatthiessen
INTCENEU
intelligence Analysis CentreSalmi
INTCEN A.1Analysis Palacios Coronel
INTCEN A.2General and
external relations Molnar
• The Lisbon Treaty (2009) led to major developments in the area of external action, with the creation of the post of High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, and the establishment of the EU's diplomatic arm, the European External Action Service (EEAS).
• The High Representative – a post currently held by Catherine Ashton – exercises, in foreign affairs, the functions previously held by the six-monthly rotating Presidency, the High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy and the European Commissioner for External Relations.
Mandate of the High Representative
conducts the Union's common foreign and security policy;contributes by her proposals to the development of that policy,
which she carries out as mandated by the Council, and ensures implementation of the decisions adopted;
presides over the Foreign Affairs Council of Ministers;is one of the Vice-Presidents of the Commission and thus ensures the
consistency of the Union's external action.
represents the Union for matters relating to the common foreign and security policy, conducts political dialogue with third parties on the Union's behalf and expresses the Union's position in international fora.
exercises authority over the European External Action Service and over EU delegations in third countries and at international organisations.
some examples of the role the European Union plays around the
world• Peace building: Through political, practical and economic support the
EU has played a crucial role in peace building in the Western Balkans after the Yugoslav wars. From Bosnia-Herzegovina to Montenegro, the EU has used its power to promote peace and reconciliation. The latest example of this is the dialogue being facilitated by the European Union between Serbia and Kosovo – the "Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue".
• A responsible neighbour: To the east and south of the European Union lie many countries which have in recent years undergone tumultuous political change. The Arab Awakening is just the latest example of this which is why the European Neighbourhood Policy aims to maintain solid and friendly relations with countries that are at the European Union's borders. Promoting democracy, human rights and opening trade and cooperation on visa issues are just some examples of this.
• Development Aid: Did you know that the EU is the largest single donor of development aid? In 2010, the combined total of donations from the EU and member states was €53.8 billion which is making a huge difference to millions of people's livelihoods around the world.
• The EU is member of the Quartet, alongside the United Nations, the United States and Russia, which is working for peace in the Middle East. Resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict is a strategic priority for Europe. The EU’s objective is a two-state solution with an independent, democratic, viable Palestinian state side-by-side with Israel in peace and security.
• The Union is committed to human rights and works to ensure they are respected universally. The EU has made human rights a central aspect of its external relations: in the political dialogues it holds with third countries; through its development policy and assistance; or through its action in multilateral fora, such as the United Nations.
• The Union works closely with the United Nations on a host of issues. The Union’s belief in multilateralism reflects an attachment to negotiated, binding rules in international relations, and is explicitly spelled out in the Treaty of Lisbon.
• Building security around the world: Under the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), the EU operates civilian and military missions worldwide. These missions carry out a variety of tasks from border management to local police training. For example the Operation EUNAVFOR Atalanta off the coast of Somalia tackles piracy and protects humanitarian shipments of the World Food Programme bound for drought hit areas.
• Crisis Response & Humanitarian Aid: Almost half of all international humanitarian relief comes from the European Union and its members. This provides life saving aid in places like the Horn of Africa where famine stalks whole populations. In addition the European Union stands ready to respond in a coordinated way to any international emergency - be it the earthquake in Haiti, tsunami in Japan or flooding in Pakistan. This brings together all the tools the European Union has at its disposal.
• The Union was instrumental in negotiating the Kyoto Protocol on climate change and, with a domestic low-carbon agenda that is probably the most advanced and sophisticated in the world remains a crucial player on this issue, indispensable for pushing an ambitious agenda of change. The Union is focusing on building a coalition for a legally binding agreement on climate change.
• Trade: The European Union is the world’s largest trading bloc. Trade is a common policy so the EU speaks with a single voice in trade negotiations with international partners in promoting a free and fairer international trading system.
• An enlarging European Union - from 6 to 28: From six countries in 1957 to 28 now, the EU has expanded through the decades – notably after the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe. The lure of EU membership and the political and economic stability it brings has meant that many countries aspire to join – although they must first pass tough EU membership tests on democracy and the rule of law to name two.