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ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use
Euclid Mission Overview
René Laureijs G. Racca, L. Stagnaro, J.C. Salvignol, J. Hoar (ESA) Y. Mellier and the EC Synergistic Science with Euclid and the SKA Oxford – 16 September
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 2
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Euclid
Setting the scene Science Objectives and driving requirements Mission Implementation Organisation Project outlook and Conclusions
Outline
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 3
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Euclid
March 2007: Call for mission ideas by ESA March 2008: the Concept Advisory Team named Euclid for the
European dark energy mission. Oct. 2011: Euclid was selected by the Science Programme Committee
(SPC) of the member states of the European Space Agency to be the second Medium Class (M2) mission of the Cosmic Vision programme.
June 2012: the implementation of the mission was approved by the SPC.
Dec. 2012: ESA selected Astrium (Toulouse) as the lead contractor for the Payload Module (PLM)
July 2013: ESA selected Thales Alenia Space (Turin) as the prime contractor for the system and Service Module (SVM)
March 2020: Scheduled launch date Sep 2026: End of nominal mission
Where do we stand?
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 4
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Euclid
Science Programme of ESA – Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Advisory Structure SPC ESA Science directorate
Euclid (Mission) Consortium - selected in 2011 EC Lead: Y. Mellier Provision of science requirements, instruments, science ground
segment Multi-Lateral Agreement between ESA and EC funding agencies
since 2012 ESA Project Team – formed in 2012
Project Manager: G.Racca Euclid Science Team – 12 representative scientists Industry – TAS (Turin) prime contractor since 2013 NASA – Memorandum of Understanding since 2013
Main Actors
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 5
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Euclid Euclid Scientific Objectives
Issue Euclid’s Targets What is Dark Energy: w
Measure the DE equation of state parameters wp and wa to a precision of 2% and 10%, respectively, using both expansion history and structure growth.
Beyond Einstein’s Gravity: γ
Distinguish General Relativity from modified-gravity theories, by measuring the growth rate exponent γ with a precision of 2%.
The nature of dark matter: mν
Test the Cold Dark Matter paradigm for structure formation, and measure the sum of the neutrino masses to a precision better than 0.04eV when combined with Planck.
The seeds of cosmic structure: fNL
Improve by a factor of 20 the determination of the initial condition parameters compared to Planck alone. n (spectral index), σ8 (power spectrum amplitude), fNL (non-gaussianity)
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 6
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Euclid
Optimize the mission for two complementary dark energy probes: galaxy clustering and weak lensing;
Wide survey: > 15,000 deg2 (36% of the total sky) Deep survey: > 40 deg2, 2 mag deeper than wide survey
Weak Lensing: Shapes and shear of galaxies with a density of >30 galaxies/arcmin2. Very high image quality, high stability (ellipticity, FWHM, R2) Minimise Systematics σsys < 10-7
Redshift range 0<z<~2, accuracy dz/z ~ 0.04
Galaxy clustering: Redshifts for >3500 galaxies/deg2 Redshift range 0.7 < z <2.05, accuracy dz/z < 0.001 ….Line Flux limit < 3 10-16 erg cm-2s-1 .
Euclid Scientific Requirements
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 7
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Euclid
Stable environment – diffraction limited PSF in the visual Low NIR background Stable and small PSF in the NIR Homogeneous dataset, able to minimize and control sources of
systematic error Ability to access a large survey area
Caveat: space weather But: don’t forget cosmics
Why space?
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 8
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Euclid
Before approval, all subsystems/components at technology readiness level TRL ≥ 5
Soyuz ST-2.1B Carrier Launch from Kourou satellite mass ≤ 2160 kg (for L2)
Duration: 6 years nominal science + 6 months commissioning and performance verification
Data rate < 850 Gbit/day K band downlink transmission for the science data X band for the housekeeping and spacecraft commanding
Spacecraft components build by European Industries
Mission Constraints – M mission
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 9
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Euclid
Euclid cannot meet the photo-z requirement dz/z ~ 0.04 without ground based data. The availability of ground based photometry data is essential for meeting the science objectives:
g,r,i,z imaging photometry down to ~24 mag Need same coverage as the Euclid survey (15,000 deg2)
Need 104-105 spectra down to AB=24 mag to calibrate the photo-z photometry.
The provision of these data is the responsibility of the EC, see presentation by Y. Mellier
Southern hemisphere: DES data Northern Hemisphere: negotiations in progress
Ground based data
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Euclid
A large effort is put in the flow of the top level science requirements down to the main sub-systems, with a traceable and justified budgeting
Top level science requirements (Level 2) have been flown down do:
Spacecraft requirements Payload/Instrument requirements Ground Data processing requirements Ground Segment requirements
The budgeting includes Operational constraints/requirements Calibration requirements
Requirements flow down
Top Level Requirements
Performance Budgeting Survey
Calibration
spacecraft
Telescope/ instruments
Data processing
Ground segment
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 11
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Euclid
Telescope: Korsch 3-mirror anastigmat (TMA), FoV > 0.54 deg2 Primary mirror: 1.2 m diameter All lightweight SiC telescope, isostatic design Focussing mechanism on the secondary mirror
SiC Optical bench and payload cavity are passively cooled down to 150 K thermal design
Dichroic for simultaneous visual and near-infrared measurements:
Reflection for the visual beam Transmission for the infrared beam
Accommodation for the VIS and NISP instruments
PLM industrial contractor: Astrium Toulouse
Euclid Payload Module
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 12
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Euclid PLM design
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 13
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Euclid
NISP: Slitless-Spectrometer/Photo-imager • 16 HgCdTe sensors (H2RG Teledyne) at 90-100 K, 0.92<λ<2.0
micron • Pixel: 0.3×0.3 arcsec • 4 Grisms (blue and red with two orientations each), λ/∆λ>250 • 3 filters: Y, J, H
VIS: Visual imager • 36 CCDs (CCD273 e2v), single filter 0.55 < λ < 0.9 micron • Pixel: 0.1×0.1 arcsec • Shutter • Calibration unit
VIS, NISP Common field of view ~0.54 deg2
Instruments are provided by the EC – see presentation by Y. Mellier Sensors are procured by ESA
Euclid Payload Module: Instruments
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 14
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Euclid
ESA has requested the preparation of on-ground PLM tests to verify the optical performance of the telescope with instruments (psf, straylight, etc)
TAS will provide a test chamber with collimator.
PLM Testing
Possible set-up
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 15
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Euclid
Mission • Soyouz-Fregat ST-2.1B carrier, ~2160 kg spacecraft mass
to L2, with line of sight nearly 90 degrees from Sun, to ensure thermal stability
• Mission is scoped to a nominal lifetime of 6 years + cruise + commissioning
Spacecraft • Attitude and Orbit Control System includes a Fine
Guidance Sensor near the (visual) instrument’s focal plane; pointing stability = 20 mas << size of smallest pixel of 0.1” during one exposure
• 4 hours daily communication window with K-band to receive 850 Gbit/day compressed science telemetry
Euclid Mission and Spacecraft
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 16
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Euclid Euclid Spacecraft
Reaction wheels operated in “Stop and Go” – unique! Cold gas for fine pointing actuation – Gaia heritage K-band transponder – a first for ESA
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 17
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Euclid
Direct transfer into L2 short cruise phase
Lissajous of +/- 33 degrees Two available ground stations
Cebreros (Spain) and Malargüe (Argentina)
Orbit and operation
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 18
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Euclid
Telemetry
Mission Data
Products Raw TM Level 1
SOC
MOC
Observation Planning
Instrument
Commanding Satellite Telemetry
Data Products General Community
Instrument Maintenance and (Calibration) Operations
Euclid Archive
Public Data
SGS
MOGS
Commanding
Ground Station
SDC Processing Group N
SDC Processing Group …
SDC Processing Group 4
SDC Processing Group 3
SDC Processing Group 2
IOT 2
SDC Processing Group 1
IOT 1
EMC
Ground Segment data flow
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 19
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Euclid Euclid Surveys
Wide Survey: Euclid’s primary wide survey aims at covering 15,000 deg2, i.e. the entire extragalactic sky. Δ(M1-M2) < 20 nm implies ΔSAA<5 degrees
Deep Survey: Euclid’s additional deep survey covers ~40 square degrees. This survey is 2 mag deeper than the wide survey.
Open Surveys The Euclid instrument and pointing capabilities offer the possibility to carry out additional surveys, during or after the nominal mission.
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 20
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Euclid Euclid reference survey
Ecliptic plane
• Avoided: Ecliptic plane (zodiacal light) and low (<30 deg) galactic latitudes
• Different colours indicate different survey years • Calibration fields along the galactic plane
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 21
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Euclid
Total time: ~10% of nominal mission
Calibration data can be used for science
Calibration observations
NISP-P Survey Self-Calibration
18%
NISP-P Absolute Standards
Observations 2%
Photo-z Training Sample 14%
NISP-S Absolute Standards
Observations 10%
NISP-S Planetary Nebula
Observations 1%
NISP-S Purity Sample 23%
VIS PSF Model 1 23%
Noise Bias Calibration
Sample 4%
VIS Color Gradient
Observations 4%
VIS Absolute Standards
Observations 1%
Courtesy: J. Amiaux, EC Survey WG & EC Calibration WG
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 22
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Euclid Overall Project Organisation
ESOC Darmstadt
ESAC Madrid
ESTEC Noordwijk
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 23
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Euclid Euclid Science Team
Also: A. Cimatti, E. Martin, J. Rhodes
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 24
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Euclid
System Engineering working group requirements flow down science performance
Survey working group Calibration Working group Ground segment Engineering working group Data management working group Detector working groups
NIR detectors CCDs
Archive Users group
Working Groups involving ESA, Consortium and other parties
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 25
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Euclid Science Ground Segment
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 26
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Euclid Euclid Data Flow
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 27
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Euclid Euclid Machinery
Cosmic Shear survey
Galaxy Redshift survey
Cosmological explorer of gravity and fundamental physics
Dark Matter and Galaxy Power Spectra with look back time
Other Euclid probes
Legacy Science
VIS Imaging NIR Photometry NIR Spectroscopy ExternalPhotometry
External Spectra
Cosmo. Simul. Planck
Euclid VIS and NIR observer of stars and galaxies
Courtesy: Y. Mellier
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 28
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Euclid Data release plan
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
Q1 Q2 Q4 DR1 ~2,500
deg2
DR2 ~7,500
deg2
DR3 ~15,000
deg2
Q3
Year 7
Start of nominal mission
The survey will be released in three parts, each with a delay of 14 months from the end of the data taking:
• DR1 provides the first year’s survey data • DR2 provides the survey data from years 1-3 • DR3 provides the survey data from the entire mission
The four quick-releases (Level-Q, no core science) will be in years when there are no
survey data releases: • Q1 to Q4 after 2 months and 1, 3, 5, and 6 years. • The Level-Q release products will be processed with the best available calibration and
software at the time. • Level-Q contents to be proposed by the EST to the Advisory Structure
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 29
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Euclid
M-RR: Feb 2014 M-PDR: May 2015 M-CDR: May 2017 Instruments delivery: July 2017 System Validation Test 1: Nov 2018 M-FAR: August 2019 Launch: March 2020 M-CRR: July 2020 Data Release 3: Sep 2027
Project Schedule/Milestones
Euclid | R. Laureijs, et al | SKA and Euclid| 2013-09-16 | Slide 30
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Euclid
Euclid is an approved mission. The Euclid Survey has an immense scientific value:
Cosmology, Fundamental Physics, and Legacy for all Astronomy
Euclid is a feasible mission: no technical (high TRL) and programmatic show stoppers – however, there are still many challenges.
The Euclid Consortium consists of more than 100 institutes and is well organised. It is fully equipped to support the mission and its science return.
Funding is secured, project is on track!
Conclusions