eugene garfield

13
Background Born: September 16, 1925 Known as the “Father of Scientometrics and Bibliometrics” (Brynko, 2007) Founder and Chairman Emeritus of Thomas Scientific (Connor, 2008) Pioneered the field of citation indexing and analysis (Hane, 2005) Module 3 Group 3 LIS Pioneer: Eugene Garfield Eugene Garfield http:// garfield.library.upenn.edu/

Upload: reillylim

Post on 22-May-2015

278 views

Category:

Education


5 download

DESCRIPTION

This presentation outlines the background, education, career and library science contributions of Eugene Garfield.

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Eugene Garfield

BackgroundBorn: September 16, 1925

Known as the “Father of Scientometrics and Bibliometrics” (Brynko, 2007)

Founder and Chairman Emeritus of Thomas Scientific (Connor, 2008)

Pioneered the field of citation indexing and analysis (Hane, 2005)

Module 3 Group 3

LIS Pioneer: Eugene Garfield

Eugene Garfieldhttp://garfield.library.upenn.edu/

Page 2: Eugene Garfield

Background cont.Paula J. Hane refers to Garfield as a “renaissance man, who has been a chemist, information scientist, editor, publisher, database producer, and "science communicator,“ (2005).

Garfield is also a prolific writer and creator of ISI, the Institute for Scientific Information (Brynko, 2007).

Module 3 Group 3

LIS Pioneer: Eugene Garfield

ISI Presents: Putting Scientific Information to Work

A lecture given by Garfield to inform scientist and librarians about how to use

the Science Citation Index was transformed into this 1972 film. It was separated into 3 parts to be posted on

YouTube in 2008.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YwPRI9ug6BY

(Garfield, 2013)

Page 3: Eugene Garfield

Education

In 1949 he earned a B.S. in Chemistry from Columbia University (Garfeild, 2013).

In 1954 he earned a Master’s degree in library science from Columbia University (Garfield, 2013).

Module 3 Group 3

htt

p:/

/ww

w.c

olu

mb

ia.e

du

/hom

e/a

bou

t_co

lum

bia

/tou

r/im

ag

es/

pla

za.jp

g

Page 4: Eugene Garfield

Education cont.

In 1961 he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania with a Ph.D. in Structural Linguistics (Garfeild, 2013)

His dissertation was An Algorithm for Translating Chemical Names to Molecular Formulas (Garfeild, 2013).

Module 3 Group 3

htt

p:/

/ww

w.g

rad

uate

gu

ide.c

om

/im

ag

es/

98

5/U

Pen

n_S

P2

_1.jp

g

Page 5: Eugene Garfield

Career

In 1951, he began working with the Welch Medical Indexing Project at Johns Hopkins University to improve the Current List of Medical Literature (later called Index Medicus) using machine compilation methods (Presley & Caraway, 1999).

Module 3 Group 3

http://olms.cte.jhu.edu/olms2/data/ck/sites/1351/images/Johns_hopkins_university(1).jpg

Page 6: Eugene Garfield

Career

Module 3 Group 3

Based on work began with the Welch Project, in 1955 he began publishing Current Contents which quickly grew to encompass several publications in different disciplines.

Current Contents contained the contents pages from current journals in each discipline.

(“Career Overview,” n.d.)

http://faculty.libsci.sc.edu/bob/ISP/garfield2.htm

Page 7: Eugene Garfield

Career cont.In 1954 Dr. Garfield formed his own company, Eugene Garfield Associates, which was renamed Institute for Scientific Information in 1960.

The Institute for Scientific Information began publication of the Science Citation Index (SCI) in 1964.

(Presley & Caraway, 1999)

The rest of Dr. Garfield’s career has been devoted to developing and enhancing tools for researchers, including The Scientist (“Career Overview,” n.d.).

Module 3 Group 3

Page 8: Eugene Garfield

Career cont.

SCI was combined with the Social Sciences and the Arts & Humanities citation indexes to become the Web of Science.

Dr. Garfield was on the board of Research America, the board of overseers of the University of Pennsylvania Libraries and Temple University Health System, Inc., and served as president of ASIST.

(Hane, 2005)

Module 3 Group 3

Page 9: Eugene Garfield

Contributions to LISDr. Garfield’s contributions to LIS cannot be overstated.

The advances that were made because of his dynamic new use of indexing resulted in an-

entirely new approach to research.

LIS Pioneer: Eugene Garfield

Module 3 Group 3

Page 10: Eugene Garfield

Web of Knowledge

• Scientific Citation Index

• Social Science Citation Index

• Arts & Humanities Citation Index

What began as an index of scientific journals has become an extensive interdisciplinary web of citation (Presley, 1999).

HISTCITE

Module 3 Group 3

• products of the Welch Project, which provides medical information for consumers (Thomson, 2014).

• currently offered software package which is the most advanced realization of Garfield’s original bibliometric vision (Thomson, 2014).

Medline/ MEDLAR

Page 11: Eugene Garfield

Contributions cont.

Dr. Garfield innovated the field of bibliometrics so far ahead of its time that it’s taken technology 40 years to fully realize his vision.

Impact Factor- counting the number of citations and thus quantifying the relevance of scholarly articles in a field (Thomson, 2014). The discovery of the “impact factor” has radically changed the process and quality of research in the scientific and eventually every field.

Citation Anyalysis- Grandfather of Google?

Larry Page and Sergey Brin cited Garfield’s work in citation analysis as a foundation for their work on PageRank (Bensman, 2013).

Garfi

eld

, 2005

LIS Pioneer: Eugene Garfield

Module 3 Group 3

Page 12: Eugene Garfield

ReferencesBensman, S. J. (2013). Eugene Garfield, Francis Narin, and Pagerank: The theoretical bases of the Google search engine. (Master's thesis), Available from arXiv.org. (1312.3872)Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/1312.3872v1

Brynko B. (2007). An Interview with Eugene Garfield - A Lifetime of Achievement and Still Going Strong.  Information Today 24(1), 21. Retrieved from http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/papers/infotoday2007.pdf

Connor, E. (2008). Interview with Eugene Garfield, Founder and Chairman Emeritus of Thomson Scientific. Journal Of Electronic Resources In Medical Libraries, 5(3), 261-265. doi:10.1080/15424060802222448

Hane, P. J. (2005). Eugene Garfield turns 80. Information Today, 22(9), 24. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=brb&AN=502961860&scope=site

Garfield, E. (2013). Eugene Garfield, Ph.D. Retrieved from http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/

Module 3 Group 3

Page 13: Eugene Garfield

ReferencesGarfield, E. (2013). Career Overview. Retrieved from http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/overvu.html

Garfield, E. (2013). Education. Retrieved from http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/educat.html

Garfield, E. (Photographer). (2005, October 24). Most highly cited [Web Photo]. Retrieved from http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/16769/title/Most-Highly-Cited/

Presley, R. L., & Caraway, B. L. (1999). An interview with Eugene Garfield. Serials Review, 25(3), 67-80. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-7913(99)00038-6

Thomson Reuters. (2014). History of citation indexing. Retrieved from http://wokinfo.com/essays/history-of-citation-indexing/

LIS Pioneer: Eugene Garfield

Module 3 Group 3