eukaryotic cell structures for advanced biology
TRANSCRIPT
Answer the questionI can see
1. Nucleus2. Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER)3. Golgi4. Ribosomes5. Cell membrane6. Vacuole
A. Allows materials to move in and out of the cell
B. Make proteins.C. Transports proteins along
a pathwayD. Controls the cells activity E. Packages and modifies
protein to be sent out of the cell
F. Stores water and other materials
Ch 4: The Organelles of Eukaryotic Cells
To aid in your note taking Key concepts are underlined
Vocabulary terms are in green
Objectives
1. Identify the parts (in order) and job of the endomembrane system
Why does a cell need all these parts? A cell is like a tiny factory
that produces proteins
Nucleus Contains
the cells DNA DNA codes for proteins
Controls most of the cells functions
DNA in the form of chromatin – DNA + proteins
Inside the nucleus is the nucleolus
Made of RNA + proteins
Functions in making ribosomes for the cell
The nucleus is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope (or nuclear membrane) Small pores (called nuclear pores) in the
envelope allow materials to move in and out of the nucleus
Quick checkIdentify all components of the nucleus
Quick check
Explain: do all cells have a nucleus?
Quick check
Use a model: where is thismodel is the nucleus? How can you tell?
Ribosomes Very, very tiny
The place where the DNA code is read and the proteins are put together
RNA
Ribosomes in a cell
Free ribosomes Floating in the cytoplasm They make proteins the cell needs
Bound ribosomes Attached to the ER They make proteins to be shipped out of
the cell
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Sheets of membrane covered in ribosomes
Rough ER membrane is connected to the nuclear membrane
Proteins that will be shipped out of the cell are made by ribosomes on the rough ER
Cells that produce a lot of proteins for export will have more rough ER
Proteins are sent to the Golgi body in vesicles that pinch off of the rough ER
Quick Check
It can be difficult to Distinguish between ER and Golgi in a cell diagram. Identify at least
2 ways you can tell the difference between these 2 cell structures.
Quick Think
Suppose you observe a cell with a BUNCH of bound ribosomes. What could you deduce from this observation?
Quick Think
The nuclear pores of the nuclear envelope allow molecules into and out of the nucleus. What are some specific molecules that would need to get into and out of the nucleus?
Draw a cell
Include Cell membrane Nucleus Nucleolus Rough ER Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus Modifies and packages proteins for shipment from the cell
Proteins sent in vesicles to the cell membrane
Smooth ER Sheets of membrane without
ribosomes Attached to Rough ER Makes the lipids for the cell
Cell Membrane (aka Plasma Membrane)
Controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell
Cell membrane
The Endomembrane SystemAll these parts
together make up the endomembrane system
This system functions in protein production and secretion
The Endomembrane System
1. List the parts in order from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane
2. What is the primary role of the endomembrane system in cells?
Lysosomes A membrane bag of digestive enzymes
Break down and recycle old cell parts
Digest materials brought into the cell
VacuolesVery big in plants, smaller in animal cells
A place to store water, food, and waste
Lysosomes and vacuoles are part of the endomembrane system
Made of membrane
Interact with vesicles
Quick Think Think of the function of each of the
following cells. For each cell type, tell me which organelle would be relatively more abundant and WHY… Pancreatic cells (producing the protein
insulin which is released into the blood) Liver cells – detoxify blood
The organelles of the Endomembrane System
1. Identify: list all the cell structures associated with protein secretion
2. Explain: the primary role of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells
3. Predict: what are at least 2 cell structures we have not talked about today? How do you think these cell structures help the cell function?
Stop
Eukaryotic Cell Structures Part 2
Chloroplasts In plants only
The place where photosynthesis happens (makes sugar for the plant)
MitochondriaTinyThe place where energy (ATP) is made for the cell
Mitochondria & Chloroplasts are special… Both have:Both have:
a double membrane – inner and outera double membrane – inner and outer their own ribosomestheir own ribosomes their own DNA to make their own proteinstheir own DNA to make their own proteins
Quick Think Describe at least 2 things
that mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common.
Explain why mitochondria and chloroplasts are not part of the endomembrane system.
Cytoskeleton Functions
Supports cell Allows cell to move
Cilia & Flagella
For cell movement Flagella whip Cilia wave
Cell Wall Protects the cell All plants, fungi, and bacteria have
cell walls Strong fibers of carbohydrates
Centrosomes
Builds proteins that make cytoskeleton
In animals, makes microtubules that organize chromosomes during cell division
Add these word roots to your glossary Chloro – greenChloro – green
chloroplastchloroplast Cyto – cellCyto – cell
cytoplasmcytoplasm Elle – smallElle – small
organelleorganelle Eu – trueEu – true
eukaryoteeukaryote
Extra – outsideExtra – outside extracellularextracellular
Pro – beforePro – before prokaryoteprokaryote
Trans – acrossTrans – across transporttransport
Vacu – emptyVacu – empty vacuolevacuole
Quick Think
There are many different cell types, even within the same organism. Cells vary in size, shape, structure, and function. This is part of the diversity of life.
Which aspects of cells best reveal their evolutionary unity?
What are some examples of specialized cellular modifications?