EURELECTRIC’s Vision For The Development Of The Necessary Electric Infrastructure For

Electric Vehicles

• Thomas TheisenChairman of the Task Force „Electric Vehicles“

Structure

1. Benefits of electric vehicles2. Effects on the electricity system3. EURELECTRIC and industry actions

In contrast to other new individual transport concepts the “refuelling” infrastructure for electric vehicles (EV) is already in place

1. Benefits of electric vehicles

The low overall costs of electric vehicles are attractive to customers

1) assumption out of Fraunhofer ISI Study 2008

> With a petrol price of 1,50 €/l already significant cost advantages are achieved

> Higher cost advantages are possible– Drivers: oil price, tax breaks, battery costs

Comparison TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP (TCO)1), 2020

ICE(Internal Combustion

Engine)

PHEV(Plug-in HybridElectric Vehicle)

EV(Electric Vehicle)

Fuel cost

batteryCar taxes

Maintenance & service

Car price

1,5 €/l?

Price of petrol

1. Benefits of electric vehicles

The snap shot of all Alternative Fuel Chains shows electricity as the best choice– a greater introduction of RES will further improve this advantage

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

Gasoli

ne (r

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Diesel (r

eference

)LP

GCMG N

GCMG bi

ogas

FAMEBTLGTLCTL

DME NG

Ethanol

wheat

Ethanol

straw

Methan

ol farm

ed w

ood

Methan

ol NG

CGH2 farm

ed w

ood

CGH2 NG (o

nsite)

CGH2 coal

CGH2 EU elec

tricity

mix

CGH2 wind

LH2 w

ind

Battery

EV E

U elec

tricity

mix

[MJ/

km]

RenewableNuclearFossil

Fuel cell (FC)Internal combustion engine (ICE)

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

Gasoli

ne (r

eferen

ce)

Diesel (r

eference

)LP

GCMG N

GCMG bi

ogas

FAMEBTLGTLCTL

DME NG

Ethanol

wheat

Ethanol

straw

Methan

ol farm

ed w

ood

Methan

ol NG

CGH2 farm

ed w

ood

CGH2 NG (o

nsite)

CGH2 coal

CGH2 EU elec

tricity

mix

CGH2 wind

LH2 w

ind

Battery

EV E

U elec

tricity

mix

[MJ/

km]

RenewableNuclearFossil

Fuel cell (FC)Internal combustion engine (ICE)

Scource: CONCAWE et al. 2007; LBST 2007

1. Benefits of electric vehicles

3 100 470

TWh

Electricity Demand (2005)

3 57015%Expected

increase with 100% electric

vehicles

100% electric vehicles as of tomorrow would increase EU-27 electricity demand by 15%

Source: EURPROG, Eurostat, own calculations, figures rounded

Based on:

4.4 trillion person-km (2005, Eurostat)

Assumption:

1.7 passengers/vehicle

0.18 kWh/ vehicle-km

1. Benefits of electric vehicles

The reduction of CO2 emissions in the electricity industry will improve the environmental performance of EVs further

1. Benefits of electric vehicles

EU Fleet CO2 fleet target 2012

EU Fleet CO2 fleet target 2015

Average Passenger Car

Corresponding EV

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

gCO

2/km

EU passenger car fleet average

Electric Car

Today

Target 2015

Target 2020

EV IMPLICATION ON ELECTRICITY SYSTEM (1/2)

2. Effects on the electricity system

A great number of EV´s can be supplied by the existing grid structure

An intelligent connection of the car to the grid will ensurethe security of supply undermass volume conditionsan optimum overall cost scenario

Possibilities of System Serviceshave to be investigated

New business modelswill be conceivable

EV IMPLICATION ON ELECTRICITY SYSTEM (2/2)

• A mass market of EVs requires:

– Innovative interactions betweencustomer and several stakeholders

– A common hardware solution formaximum customer convenience (socket – connector- charging point)

– Innovative communication anddata handling based onstandardized metering protocols

Publiccharging poles

Charging pointat home

EnergyGeneration& Supply

State ofcharge

Customer-Interface Billing

Energymanage-ment

Battery

Balancing & Billing

InformationManagement

Car manufacturer Energy suppliers

Charging-control

Car

CarIdentification

2. Effects on the electricity system

Standardisation is needed to enable the EV user to re-charge at any charging station without different connectors

Hardware

Cable/ connection

Mechanical protection

Communication

Communication protocols

TCP/IP (e.g. Powerline)

Optional: wireless communication TCP/IP (e.g. GSM)

1

Communication via TCP/IP in the grid (e.g. DSL via concentrator) or wireless communication TCP/IP (e.g.. GSM)

2

3

1

23

> On the basis of the load needed

2. Effects on the electricity system

3. EURELECTRIC and industry actions

An OEM/Utility standardization initiative was started end of 2008 to accelerate and improve standards definition

OEM/Utility standardization initiative will ensure a common technical approachREASONS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE OEM/UTILITY STANDARDIZATION INITIATIVE

> One single position to speed up the standardization process

> One common standard already for the first generation infrastructure/vehicles

> Clear development roadmap

OEM/Utility standardization initiative process

Benefits of OEM/Utility standardization initiative

OEM/Utility Standardization Initiative

25:11

29:01 11:03

20:02

3. EURELECTRIC and industry actions

Standardization benefits customers, utilities and OEMsBENEFITS FROM STANDARDIZATION FOR CUSTOMERS, UTILITIES AND OEMS

> High convenience– One single solution worldwide– No adapters or different cables needed

> Faster electric vehicle run-up/market success> No retrofit costs for adopting to new charging

systems

> Cost benefits– No sunk costs for proprietary interim

solutions– Shared development and standardization

costs – Economies of scale

For Utilities/OEMsFor customers

Benefits from standardization

3. EURELECTRIC and industry actions

Set aside technical details, we have to develop a jointpicture for the future – for us and for customers

EU Energy Commissioner

AndrisPiebalgs

(in front of the EU-Commission building fuelling

up to meet the European Energy Council on 8 Dec 2008)

3. EURELECTRIC and industry actions

Over 20 EV/PHEV models from leading OEMs and newcomers expected to enter market before 2012

OVERVIEW OF EV/PHEV GLOBAL OFFERING (ANNOUNCED) – 2008 TO 201220122011201020092008

XS 500

GM VoltOpel E-Flex

GM Saturn Vue?

ZAP X Prius Plug-in

Tesla Whitestar?

e6F3e; F3DMF6DM

FiskerAutomotive

Tesla Roadster

Mitsubishi iMiEV

SubaruR1e

Think City Nissan Cube Smart EV'Tata Nano ToyotaIQ, EV?

VWUP, EV?

Mercedes A-class EV?

Nice CarsZero

Tata Indica

A, B seg-ment

C, D seg-ment, SUV

G seg-ment

3. EURELECTRIC and industry actions

European electricity companies are engaged in several pilot projects with electric vehicles

3. EURELECTRIC and industry actions

EURELECTRIC is taking a central role to make EVs a success story

“First Mover”advantage

Providing aplatform

for members

Informingpolicy makers

Creating right political climate

Pathway to afunctioning

market

EURELECTRICTF EV

3. EURELECTRIC and industry actions