EURO-CERAMICS IIVolume 3

ELECTROCERAMICS AND CERAMICSFOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

Edited by

G. ZieglerUniversitat Bayreuth, FRG

H. HausnerTechnische Universitat Berlin, FRG

Deutsche Keramische Gesellschaft e.V.

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CONTENTS

VOLUME 3:ELECTROCERAMICS AND CERAMICSFOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

A ELECTROCERAMICS

Development Perspectives

Electroceramics in the 1990s and BeyondR.E. Newnham 1771

Chemical Processing of ElectroceramicsShin-ichi Hirano 1783

Perspective Markets and Development Trends inElectronic and Magnetic Ceramic ComponentsE. Roess 1791

Aluminium Nitride

Preparation and Properties of Polymeric DerivedAluminum NitrideR. Zahneisen, P. Distler, C. Riissel 1801

Non-Aqueous Dispersion and Sintering of A1NJ. Jarrige, J. Mexmain, M. Oumaloul 1807

Slurry Optimization for Aluminium Nitride Tape-CastingM. Descamps, M. Mascart, B. Thierry 1813

Sintering and Characterization of AlNA. Bellosi, G.N. Babini 1819

Oxides as Sintering Additives for AlNT. Reetz, I. Haase 1825

Microstructural Analysis of Optically HomogeneousAlN CeramicsC. Koestler, H.-M. Guether, K. Markert, H. Bestgen,A. Roosen 1831

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High Temperature X-Ray Investigations on AlNS. Ruckmich, E. Fendler, A. Kranzmann, 0. Babushkin,T. Lindback 1837

Thermal Conductivity, Oxygen Content and Micro-structure of A1N(Y2O3) CeramicsH. Buhr, A. Thomas, G. Muller, M. Guther, C. Kostler,A. Roosen, W. Bocker 1843

Sintering and Thermal Diffusivity of AlN withFluoride AdditivesJ. Jarrige, J. Mexmain, J.P. Michelet 1849

EELS Analysis of AlN CeramicsM. Sternitzke, G. Muller 1855

Microstructure of a Metal Ceramic Interface: The Caseof Copper Implanted and Annealed Aluminium NitrideJ. Du, A. Traverse, R. Portier, S. Hagege 1861

Barium and Strontium Titanate

Powders Morphology and Sintering Ability: Example ofBaTiO3 Elaborated by a Citric ProcessC. Le Calve-Proust, P. Odier, E. Husson,J.P. Coutures 1867

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ferroelectric PowdersG. Guldner, T. Heinrich, D. Sporn 1873

Wet Chemical Synthesis and Characterization ofBarium Titanate Sintering PowdersG. Pfaff 1879

Polyitaconates in the Pechini Synthesis of MixedCeramic OxidesJ. Retuert, 0. wittke, G.J. Piderit 1885

Influence of Surface Modifications on Sintering ofBaTiO3J.F. Fernandez, P. Duran, C. Moure 1891

A TEM Study of Undoped Barium Titanate CeramicsR. Al Saffar, F. Azough, R. Freer 1897

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Microstructure/Property Relationship in ChemicallyProcessed Barium Titanate for X7R CharacteristicsD. Lavielle, J. Poumarat, Y. Montardi, P. Bernard,0. Aguerre-Charriol 1903

Properties of Typ II Ceramic DielectricsBeing Used in Multilayer CapacitorsH.-J. Gesemann, A. Schonecker 1909

Effect of Sintering Atmosphere on the Propertiesof Ceria-Doped Barium TitanateNam-Kyun Kim, Hyung-Sik Kim, Gye-Song Lee 1915

Effect of Mn on Microstructure and ElectricalProperties of Nb-Doped BaTiO3M. Gilbert, P.-H. Duvigneaud 1919

The AC Electrical Characterization of PTC ThermistorsP. Abelard, F. Poignant, F. Provost, A. Rossello....1925

Influence of Mechanical Processing on the Reactivityof Raw Material Mixtures for PTCR-CeramicsH. Heegn, I. Berg 1931

PZT-Ceramics

Preparation of PZT Ceramics by the EDTA-Gel MethodHong-Wen Wang, D.A. Hall, F.R. Sale 1937

Removal of Organic Additives from Compacts of FinePLZT Powders with Supercritical Carbon DioxideYoshio Yoshikawa, Mitsuo Yoda 1943

Reaction Mechanisms in the Sol-Gel Processing ofPLZTT. Beltram, M. Kosec, S. Stavber 1949

Low Sintering PZT for Multilayer ActuatorsK. Lubitz, H. Hellebrand, D. Cramer, I. Probst 1955

Effect of Colloid Additions on the Sintering andPiezoelectric Properties of PZTM. Villegas, C. Moure, J.R. Jurado, P. Duran 1961

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Influence of Nd, Sm, Yb Doping on Synthesis,Processing and Characteristics of PZT CeramicsA. Leriche, P. Masy, B. Thierry 1967

Modified PZT for Pyroelectric ApplicationsM. Forster, C. Illert, P. Ryser 1973

Pressure Dependence of the Piezoelectric Propertiesof Lead Zirconate TitanateHyung-Sik Kim, Hoy-Yul Park, Jong-Mun Park 1977

A Method for Accurate Determination of the EquivalentCircuit Parameters for Piezoelectric CeramicsJ.B. Santos, J.M. Perdigao, A.R. Ferreira 1983

Ion Beam Etching of PLZT Ceramics for OpticalDevices ApplicationsD. Remiens, A.L. Daltin, B. Thierry, F. Huet,A. Carenco 1989

The Dependence of the Capacity and ResonanceFrequency on the Shape of the Piezoceramic TransducerV. Vasilescu, V. Ghita, P. Nichiforescu 1995

A Pressure Dependence Approach of New 1.3.1Piezoelectric Polymer Composites for HydrophoneC. Richard, P. Eyraud, L. Eyraud, A. Pelourson,Ms Richard 2001

Microstructuring of Piezoelectric CeramicG. Preu, A. Wolff, D. Cramer, U. Bast 2005

PMN-Ceramics

Investigations in the Lead Barium Magnesium NiobateSystemL. Seffner, F. Schlenkrich 2011

Diffuse Dielectric Behaviour and Nanostructure ofPbMgl/3Nb2/3O3 (PMN) CeramicsN. de Mathan, E. Husson, A. Morell 2017

Highly Reliable Lead Perovskite Based MultilayerCapacitorsP. Gaucher, O. Noblanc, C. Deljurie, A. Beauger 2023

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Effect of PbO on Sintering and Dielectric Propertiesof PMN Based CeramicsC. Moure, M. Villegas, J.F. Fernandez, J.R. Jurado,P. Duran 2031

Microwave Dielectric Ceramics

Microwave Dielectric Ceramics in the System ZrO2-TiO2-SnO2 Sintered with CuOM. Tabassum, F. Azough, R. Freer 2037

Synthesis and Sintering of K80 Ceramic Materialsfor Microwave ApplicationsG. Desgardin, J.M Haussonne, P. Laffez,B. Raveau 2043

ZnO-Varistors

Sintering Temperature Influence on the ZnO-BasedVaristors HeterogeneityA. Bui, K. Al Abdullah, A. Loubiere, M.B. Kourdi 2049

Microstructures and Non-Ohmic Characteristicsof Pr6Oll Doped, Zinc Oxide-Bismuth Oxide CeramicVaristorsJ. Fan, R. Freer 2055

Aging Study of Zinc Oxide Varistors Subjected toPartial Discharges in Air and SF6A. Khedim, A. Bui, M.B. Kourdi, A. Loubiere 2061

Synthesis and Characterization of Fine Particlesof Pr-Co OxidesE.A. Olugbade, M. Trontelj 2067

SOFC-Materials

Status of Ceramic Components for Fuel CellsB.C.H. Steele 2073

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Characterization of YSZ Electrolyte Materialswith Various Yttria ContentsR. Maenner, E. Ivers-Tiffee, W. Wersing,W. Kleinlein 2085

The Effect of Y2O3 Content on the Oxygen IonConductivity of Stabilized ZrO2A.P. Sellars, B.C.H. Steele 2091

Study of the Electrical Behavior as a Functionof Oxygen Partial Pressure of ZrO2-CeO2 TetragonalCeramicsM. Gonzales, J.R. Jurado, C. Moure, P. Duran,F.M.B. Marques, J.C.C. Abrantes 2097

Ionic Conductivity in Zirconia Based CompositeMaterials Doped with CeO2M.T. Hernandes, J.R. Jurado, P. Duran,J.C.C. Abrantes, F.M.B. Marques 2103

Electrical Behaviour of Zirconia Solid Electrolytesand Some Aspects of Ceramic ProcessingM. Diaconescu, M. Anghel, P. Miron, M. Mateescu 2109

Zirconia Solid Electrolyte with Improved Propertiesin the ZrO2-MgO-Y2O3 SystemF. Capel, C. Moure, P. Duran 2115

Chemical Processing of Fully Stabilized Zirconiafor Possible Use as the SOFC ElectrolyteJ.N. Rice, B.C.H. Steele 2121

The Effect of Intergranular Glass Phase on theElectrical Properties of Y-TZPA. Orliukas, B. Heeb, B. Michel, K. Sasaki,P. Bohac, L.J. Gauckler 2131

Production of Zirconia Based Electrochemical Cellsby Tape Casting and Screen PrintingM. Kurbjuhn, W. Schafer, D. Stolten 2137

Effect of Additives on Sintering and ElectricalProperties of Lanthanum ChromiteP. Pilate, F. Cambier, P.H. Duvigneaud 2143

Development of Doped Lanthanum Chromite Componentsfor Solid Oxide Fuel CellsG.M. Christie, B.C.H. Steele 2149

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Air Electrode of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell withScreen PrintingK. Eichler, E. Syskakis, P. Otschik, W. Schaffrath,G. Leitner 2155

Reaction Products Formed at Ceramic Electrodes/YSZContactsJ.A. Labrincha, F.M.B. Marques, J.R. Frade 2161

Electrical Conductivity of Lal-xMnO3-Y PerovskitesJ.C.C. Abrantes, F.M.B. Marques, J.R. Frade 2167

DIP-Coating and Sintering of Perovskite Electrodeson Y-TZPJ. Palma, C. Pascual 2173

Electrical Properties in the System TiO2-Y2O3-ZrO2R.M.C. Marques, J.R. Frade, F.M.B. Marques 2179

Electrical Conductivity of the ZrO2-In2O3 SystemK. Sasaki, A. Orliukas, P. Bohac, L.J. Gauckler 2185

High-Temperature Superconductors

Defect Chemistry and Mass Transport in the HighTc-SuperconductorsG. Pfundtner, J. Maier, H.L. Tuller 2191

Considerations on the Valence State of Copper inSuperconductive CeramicsI. Teoreanu, A. Volceanov, E. Andronescu 2197

Core Level EELS and XAS Spectra of Nd2-xCexCuO4P.A. van Aken, M.L. den Boer, E. Lederman,A. Vierling, E. Goering, C. Geibel, W.F. Muller,Soraya Aminpirooz, S. Horn 2203

XPS Study of Superconducting Dy-Ba-Cu-Fe-0 CeramicsZhao Qingnan, Zhang Gulan, Chen Lan, Liu shengyan,Tian decheng, Shen yong, Yu zhuxin 2209

Local Chemistry and Microstructural Characterizationof HolBa2Cu307-x CeramicsJ. Ayache, M. Gasgnier, P. Boire, A. Wicker 2215

Fine Structure of Conductivity Band in High-Temperature SuperconductorsM. Beregovsky, S.E. Dorfman 2221

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Effect of the Lanthanide Elements on the Propertiesof High-Tc Superconductors of the T*-PhaseNaoki Ohashi, Junzo Tanaka, Hiroyuki Ikawa,Osamu Fukunaga 2227

Phase Equilibria of the High-Temperature Supercon-ducting Compounds Bi2(Sr,Ca)3Cu2O8+d (2212 Phase)and Bi2(Sr,Ca)4Cu3O10+d (2223 Phase)P. Majewski, B. Hettich, K. Schulze,G. Petzow 2233

Synthesis and Characterization of BSCCO High TcSuperconductors by the EDTA ProcessA. Gholinia, F.R. Sale 2239

Liquid Phase Sintering Mechanism in Bulk CeramicsYBa2Cu3O(7-a)S. Suasmoro, D.S. Smith, M. Lejeune 2245

Densification of Bil.8Pb0.2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox High-TcSuperconductorA. Tampieri, G.N. Babini 2251

Preparation of High Tc-Superconducting Wires by aPlastic Extrusion TechniqueM. Boffgen 2257

Equilibrium State and Influence of the Compositionon Sintering and Microstructure of Y-Ba-Cu-0CeramicsP. Odier, M. Gervais, N. Pellerin 2261

Dynamic Consolidation of YBCO SuperconductingOxides Using Explosively Generated Shock WavesJ. Kwarciak, 0. van der Biest, M. Dhalle,P. Bissok, Y. Bruynseraede, H. Hampel 2265

Preparation and Sintering Behaviour of Tape-CastFilms of Superconducting YBa2Cu3Ox CeramicsP. Duran, J. Tartaj, J.F. Fernandez, C. Moure 2271

Dipping-Pyrolysis Preparation of Thin YBa2Cu3O7-a-FilmsJ. Erb, R. Kohl, J. Markl, A. Stiegelschmitt,G. Tomandl, G. Saemann-Ischenko 2277

Solidification of Bi-2 212 Superconductor MeltsB. Heeb, S. Oesch, P. Bohac, L.J. Gauckler 2283

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Reactivity of YBaCuO and Coated Alumina SubstratesO. Stryckmans, P.H. Duvigneaud, R. Deltour,M. Mehbod 2289

Effect of Y2BaCuO5 on Properties of YBa2Cu3O7L.P.L.M. Rabou, A. Roskam, H.C.D. Smit 2295

Effect of Oxygen Content and Grain Contiguityon Superconducting Properties of YBa2Cu3O7-xF.M. Costa, A.P. Concalves, M. Almeida, J.M. Alves,M.M. Godinho, J.M. Vieira 2301

Magnetic Ceramics

Electrical Conduction Mechanism in MnxCdO.5Fe2.5-xO4Ferrite SystemA.R. Ferreira, C.S. Furtado, J.M. Perdigao 2307

Grain Boundary Electrical Behaviour in CoxFe3-x04A.R. Ferreira, C.S. Furtado, J.M. Perdigao 2315

The Effects of Aluminium Additions on the Sinter-ability and Magnetic Properties of MgO-BasedSoft FerritesU. Wege, W.M. Dawson, F.R. Sale 2327

The Effects of Powder Processing on the Productionof Citrate Gel-Derived MgO-Based Soft FerritesYung-Tsen Chien, Frank R. Sale 2333

Investigation of Power FerritesA. Znidarsic, M. Limpel, G. Drazic, M. Drofenik 2339

Thick and Thin Film Technology

Resistor Inks: Conductivity, Microstructure andInterfaces in RuO2 / Glass CompositesA. Le Corre, A. Kranzmann, N. Nicoloso, R.J. Brook,J. Maier, M. Maglione 2345

Influence of Raw Materials and Solvents in Sol-GelSynthesis of Ferroelectric Thin FilmsP. Gaucher, S.P. Faure, P. Barboux 2351

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Sol-Gel Processing of Functional Ceramic LayersG. Guldner, S. Merklein, D. Sporn 2357

Metallizations with OrganometallicsT. Despierres, L. Lebrun, J.M. Haussonne 2363

Thin Films of ZnO Prepared by a Pyrosol ProcessF. Caillaud, A. Smith, J.F. Baumard 2369

Electrochemical Vapour Deposited Zirconia/YttriaThin Layers on Porous SubstratesH.W. Brinkman, L.G.J. de Haart, Y.S. Lin,K.J. de Vries, A.J. Burggraaf 2375

Evolution of Copper Thin Films on a CordieriteSubstrateM. Gondolf, J.L. Guille 2381

FT-IR Structural Characterization of Boron NitrideThin Films Ion Plating DepositedM.-I. Baraton, P. Quintard, F. Verinaud,J. Machet 2387

Bias Effect on Microstructure of Reactively RF-Sputtered ZrN FilmsP. Jin, S. Maruno, I. Sakamoto 2393

B CERAMICS FOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

Cordierite Ceramics

Higher Strength Cordierite for Catalyst SupportsJ.P. Day, M.R. Montierth, U. Zink 2401

Effects of Sodium and Iron on the Thermo-MechanicalProperties of Porous Cordierite Traps for DieselEnginesL. Agostini, C. Borello, P.P. Demaestri,A. Giachello, G. De Portu, S. Guicciardi 2407

Supported Catalysts for Oxidation of chlorinatedHydrocarbonsG. Guldner, F. Hutter 2413

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Effect of Mineralizers on the Production of DenseCordierite BodiesS.M. Naga, E.H. Sallam, D.M. Ibrahim 2419

The Effect of Raw Materials on Properties ofCordierite Bodies6. Cakiroglu, S. Ozgen 2425

Effect of ZnO as Additive on the Sintering andSynthesis of Cordierite-Mullite CeramicsLj. Kostic-Gvozdenovic, Dj. Janackovic,M. Tecilazic-Stevanovic, T. Janackovic 2431

Synthesis of Cordierite Electroceramics fromIranian Raw MaterialsF. Golestani-Fard, T. Ebadzadeh, E. Mani 2437

Ceramics for Optical Applications

Production of Translucent /'-Aluminium OxynitrideH.X. Willems, M.M.R.M. Hendrix, G. de With,R. Metselaar 2443

Yttria-Based Ceramics for Radiation DetectorsW. Rossner 2449

Sensor Development

Infrared Optical Materials for Chemical SensorsY. Kim, J. Heo 2455

Fast Lambda Detection Based on Thin Ceramic FilmsJ. Gerblinger, H. Meixner 2463

Electrical Properties by Volt-Amperometric andImpedance Spectroscopy of a-Fe2O3 Ceramic HumiditySensorM. Pelino, C. Cantalini, S. Roitti, I. Barbariol,M. Diociaiuti 2469

Thin Films of Barium Titanate for Sensor DevicesN. Beltran, V. Fuenzalida, C. Grahmann 2475

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Gas Sensor of Ultrathin FilmsT. Suzuki 2481

Nuclear Ceramics

Neutron Irradiation Effects in Boron Carbides:Evolution of Microstructure and Thermal PropertiesK. Froment, D. Gosset, M. Guery, B. Kryger,C. Verdeau 2487

Lithium Sol-Gel Ceramics as Tritium BreedingMaterialsM. Smaihi, 0. Renoult, J.B. Boilot, J. Mougin,M.J. Boncoeur 2493

Bioceramics

Phase Effects in Phosphate CeramicsR. Famery, P. Boch 2499

Hydroxyapatite Ceramics for DentistryA. Slosarczyk, E. Stobierska, Z. Paszkiewicz,M. Kordek, Z. Karwan 2503

A Pyrolytic Route for the Preparation of Hydroxy-apatite CoatingsT. Brendel, A. Engel, C. Riissel 2509

Bioactive Ceramics by Sintering of GlassPowdersL. Stoch, A. Swiatek 2515

Glass-Ceramics

Mathematical Modelling of Sintering Processesfor Glass and Glass-Ceramic SystemsE.A. Olevsky, I.A. Kravchenko, A.Y. Koval 2521

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TTT Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Glass-Ceramics from Alkali Basaltic RocksI. de Vicente-Mingarro, P. Callejas, J.M. Rincon....2527

Controlled Crystallization of LAS-Based GlassesV. Ducman, D. Suvorov 2533

Crystallization of Cordierite GlassesR.C.C. Monteiro, M.M.R. Augusto, F. Fragata 2539

6-Spodumene Glass-Ceramics: Electrical PropertiesG. Fame, D. Minichelli, I. Barbariol,S. Roitti 2545

The Ballistic Resistance of 'Silceram' Glass-CeramicsF.C. McQuillan, R.D. Rawlings. P.S. Rogers 2551

Thermal Expansion Data of some Manganese Glassesand their Crystalline SolidsS.N. Salama, S.M. Salman 2557

Crystallization of Some Mn-Solid Solution Phasesfrom their Parent GlassesS.N. Salama 2565

Mechanical Properties by Indentation on Glass-Ceramics from Porphyritic Sands Modified with MgOand TiO2A. Tomasi, P. Scardi, R. Dal Maschio, F. Branda 2575

Corrosion of B-Spodumene Glass-Ceramics in MoltenSaltsC. Bottino, V. Buscaglia, D. Minichelli 2581

Refractories

Preparation and Properties of Mullite RefractoriesT.J. Davies, H.G. Emblem, G.K. Sargeant 2587

Microstructure of Reaction-Sintered Spinel/CorundumRefractories Prepared from Various Alumina-MagnesiaMixturesV. Gabis, L. Graba 2593

Diffusion Couple Studies of Alumina-Chromia-SilicaRefractoriesA. Harabi, T.J. Davies 2599

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Coating of Coarse Grains from silicate Ceramicsin a Fluidized BedW. Schulle, C. Petters 2605

Thermal Shock Resistance of ZrO2 - Al2TiO5RefractoriesCh. Wasmuht, C. Zografou, W. Kronert 2611

Strength Behaviour of RSiC RefractoriesP.H.A. Roebuck 2615

Mathematical Modelling of the Corrosion Processesof Refractories by Glass MeltsH.H. Rehner, N. Toma 2621

Corrosion of Refractories in CorelessInduction FurnacesZ.V. Popovic, J. Nonia, K.T. Raic, T.D. Volkov 2627

The Effect of Fine Alumina on Some Properties ofLow-Cement CastablesB. Golobic 2633

C SILICATE CERAMICS

Building Materials

Fast Firing of Bricks and Extruded Materials:Some Evaluation of Technology Features and FinalProduct QualityI. Black Core as a Way to Improve the TechnicalProduct Characteristics?E. Gerardi, G. Moro, P. Zannini 2639

Radioactivity of the Building Materials andCorresponding Raw Materials0. Janjic, S. Miletic, R. Nedimovic, R. Vasic 2649

Influence of Some Parameters on the DynamicYoung's Modulus of Elasticity of Clay BricksR. Vasic, O. Janjic 2653

Energy Savings in the Brick Industry Using OilShists as Raw Materials0. Janjic, P. Niciforovic, D. Momcilovic 2659

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Control Factors for Thermal Expansion of a PotteryBody for Building Construction (FeldspathicPorcelain Bodies)K. Kawai, H. Ishida, T. Fijisawa 2663

The Influence of Micro-Climatic Conditions on theMoisture Expansion of Ceramic TilesR. Vasic, 0. Janjic 2669

Thermovision - The Method for Controlling thePressing of Ceramic Tiles0. Janjic, M. Sencanic, R. Vasic 2673

An Example of a Co-Generation System in the CeramicFloor and Wall Tile IndustryG. Nassetti, C. Palmonari 2677

Novel Porous Materials Prepared from Mining Wastes,Gypsum and Lime by Means of Steam CuringK. Ikeda, C. Tashiro 2683

Whiteware

Research and Development in Traditional Ceramics:Recent History and Future TrendsP. Zannini 2689

What does the Future Material for Tableware LookLike?H.Reh 2701

The Thermal Analysis as a Measure for Optimizing theGlazes for the Fast Firing Technique in the WhitewareIndustryR. Sladek 2707

On the Influence of Glaze Properties on GlazeDamageS. Karlsson, K. Linde, R. Carlsson 2711

Age Evaluation of Some Islamic Mosques in theEsfahan Region by Cation Determination ofEnamelled CeramicsM. Alavi, W. Weisweiler 2717

Value Analysis - Tool for Quality Control ofCeramic WareD. Radu 2723

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Data Base system

Database for Advanced Ceramic MaterialsM. Raczka, R. Pampuch, G. Gorny 2727

Author Index A 1 - A 20

Subject Index S 1 - S 12