europe, a hub for recycling … … or illegal shipments of waste? patrick van den bossche, director...
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Europe, a hub for recycling … … or illegal shipments of
waste?Patrick Van den Bossche, Director Agoria
Antwerp 9th of September 2013
#illegalexports
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Importance of metals for society Increasing demand for metals due to:
Strong economic growth of emerging economies and transition to a sustainable economy.
Non-ferrous metals are vital for different industrial sectors such as ICT, renewable energy, energy efficient products, medical products, infrastructure, automotive, aerospace, production of chemicals, …
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Europe depends on imports of raw materials
Europe has limited primary raw materials and the export of the ‘urban mine’ increased strongly over the last decade
Sustainable access to raw materials and resource efficiency are strategic objectives for the EU !!!
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Increasing recycling is part of the solution
Source: UNEP (2011) Recycling Rates of Metals – A Status Report, A Report of the Working Group on the Global Flows to the International Resource Panel- Graedel, T.E.: Alwood, J.; Birat, J.-P.; Buchert, M.; Hagelüken, C.; Reck, B.K.; Sibley, S.F.; Sonnemann, G.
Recycling percentage of precious metals in electronic equipment is typical less then 15%
Average over all
applications
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Strong recycling value chain in Europe!! Efficiency depends on all actors in the value chain
Chain depends metal by metal Example PGM
Dismantling &pre-processing
CollectionMetallurgical
metal recovery
Reuse
End-of-lifeproducts
Final wasteSeparated components& fractions
Recycledmetals
Dismantling &pre-processing
CollectionMetallurgical
metal recovery
Reuse
End-of-lifeproducts
Final wasteSeparated components& fractions
Recycledmetals
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... but routes of leakage/dumping of WEEE
Source: Doucette, Gopal Dayaneni and John. San Jose, CA: Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition, 2005
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Importance of leakage/dumping ? Impel estimated in 2012 that 21% of transfronterial transports of
waste were illegal between 2008 and 2011 The European Commission estimated the 25% of all transports to
Africa and Azia is illegal … If only 1% of all waste shipments are illegal, the total quantity
amounts up to 2,8 milj. ton / year … etc.
Real magnitude of the problem is difficult to estimate but the impacts are multiple …
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Ghana
Bali
Nigeria
Pakistan
Bangladesh
China
India Vietnam
Thailande
South-Africa
Clear impact of illegal exports of waste and linked ‘sham’-recycling
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Where is the borderline?
?
No clear definitions are available on quality recycling but level playing field is urgently needed !!
Impacts on the environment and human health !
Different recycling and resource efficiency !
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Access to raw materials is strategic for EU
Different ongoing policy frameworks: Raw Material Initiaitive, Resource
efficiency, Waste policy, …
Access to raw material is crucial to maintain and further boost the EU recycling industry
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How to tackle this challenge ? Controls on waste transports is only one
element: How to use the limited resources to control the
high number of transport efficiently? Recycling at destination should take place
taking into account Environmental Sound Management: How to control upfront? (Certification)
Part of WEEE/ELV are being exported illegal: How to identify the real 2nd hand goods (repair)? How to avoid port ‘hopping’ in case of efficient
inspections? … whilst ensuring that the legal trade is not
hindered but stimulated
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Complex issue = need for multiple action
One measure alone will not solve the issue: Need for a series of complementary and coordinated actions
Strong collaboration is needed between different parties: Ports, different authorities, industry, … Within each Member State but also between different Member States
Combating illegal shipments whilst facilitating legal trade remains a challenge to create a
recycling hub in Europe in order to contribute to the resource efficiency policy
#illegalexports
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UNICEF PICTURE OF THE YEAR 2011 CLOSE TO ACCRA IN GHANA