EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS

KEY RESULTS/CONSTRAINTSIn 2013:. conflict-affected people, mainly in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Colombia and Georgia, and migrants in Central/North America and Europe improved

their situation with assistance from the National Societies/ICRC and other partners. detainees/internees in 30 contexts benefited from: ICRC visits to monitor their detention conditions; family contact; technical support to and

dialogue with the authorities, including on prison health care and medical ethics. families, including of migrants, welcomed ongoing work with governments and experts to clarify the fate of missing relatives, notably on

16,200 unresolved cases related to conflicts in the Balkans and Nagorny Karabakh . after its adoption by the UN General Assembly in April, 66 countries in the region signed the Arms Trade Treaty, to which the ICRC had

contributed IHL-related language, with 7 of them ratifying it during the year . the region’s National Societies, including those operating outside their own countries, worked with the ICRC to respond to humanitarian needs,

including of people injured during emergencies and migrants. in a few contexts, the ICRC adapted its operations to constraints or changes in the situation, reducing/suspending some activities in the northern

Caucasus (Russian Federation) and terminating visits to detainees in Uzbekistan

EXPENDITURE (in KCHF) Protection 40,555 Assistance 46,472 Prevention 35,466 Cooperation with National Societies 12,510 General 608

135,612of which: Overheads 8,272

IMPLEMENTATION RATE Expenditure/yearly budget 95%

PERSONNELMobile staff 233

Resident staff (daily workers not included) 1,358

ASSISTANCE TotalCIVILIANS (residents, IDPs, returnees, etc.)Economic security, water and habitat (in some cases provided within a protection or cooperation programme)Food commodities Beneficiaries 47,960Essential household items Beneficiaries 98,186Productive inputs Beneficiaries 20,255Cash Beneficiaries 29,039Vouchers Beneficiaries 3Work, services and training Beneficiaries 65,276Water and habitat activities Beneficiaries 329,414HealthHealth centres supported Structures 79WOUNDED AND SICKHospitals Hospitals supported Structures 33Water and habitatWater and habitat activities Number of beds 4,398

Physical rehabilitationCentres supported Structures 12

Patients receiving services Patients 20,508

PROTECTION TotalCIVILIANS (residents, IDPs, returnees, etc.)Red Cross messages (RCMs)RCMs collected 416RCMs distributed 347Phone calls facilitated between family members 13,044People located (tracing cases closed positively) 962People reunited with their families 189PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM (All categories/all statuses) ICRC visitsDetainees visited 178,378Detainees visited and monitored individually 2,883Number of visits carried out 801Number of places of detention visited 292Restoring family linksRCMs collected 1,596RCMs distributed 1,117Phone calls made to families to inform them of the whereabouts of a detained relative

216

352 | ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2013

THE AMERICAS DELEGATIONSColombia

Haiti

THE AMERICAS REGIONAL DELEGATIONS

BrasiliaCaracas

LimaMexico CityWashington

New York

EUROPE DELEGATIONSArmenia

AzerbaijanGeorgia

Kyrgyzstan

EUROPE REGIONAL DELEGATIONSEurope

MoscowTashkent

Western Balkans

BrusselsLondon

Paris

353

ICRC delegation ICRC regional delegation ICRC mission

EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS | 353

EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS

354 | ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2013

EUROPE AND THE AMERICASIn 2013, the ICRC’s priorities were to help strengthen the protection of and provide assistance to people affected by armed conflicts or other situations of violence, including by helping to clarify the fate of people unaccounted for from past and current conflicts. The organization stepped up its efforts to assist vulnerable migrants, particularly in Central America, Europe and Mexico. It contributed to ensuring that people deprived of their freedom benefited from treatment and living conditions conforming to internationally recognized standards, and to enhancing respect for the applicable judicial guarantees/procedural safeguards. In parallel, State institutions received support in improving their response to humanitarian needs.

In some cases, such as the multidisciplinary violence-mitigation project in favelas in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and the Exploring Humanitarian Law programme in Serbia, the ICRC wound up its programmes and handed them over to the authorities, the National Society or other local partners, ensuring their sustainability. In other instances, the ICRC had to suspend or scale back its operations owing to constraints or changes in the situation. For example, it reduced its operational presence in the northern Caucasus (Russian Federation) to adapt to the prevailing circumstances, and terminated visits to detainees in Uzbekistan as it was unable to work according to its standard procedures.

National Societies were the ICRC’s main operational partners, nota-bly in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (hereafter Venezuela), Colombia, Mexico and Tajikistan. They benefited from ICRC support for their capacity-building efforts, particularly regarding emergency preparedness, the Safer Access Framework, restor-ing family links and IHL dissemination. In coordination with the International Federation, the ICRC helped National Societies adapt and, where needed, restructure their legal bases and organiza-tional set-ups in line with Movement requirements. With National Societies operating outside their respective countries, such as those from North America and Western Europe, the ICRC further devel-oped cooperation on enhancing emergency response capacities in violence-affected countries.

Given the frequent involvement of armed forces in law enforcement operations, particularly in Latin America, dialogue with armed and security forces emphasized legal standards for the use of force. The ICRC also continued to promote the integration of IHL into military doctrine, operating procedures and manuals, and developed training in international human rights norms and humanitarian principles for both the police and armed forces, often helping them to build their own capacities to conduct such training. In its contacts with armed groups, it similarly strove to reinforce their familiarity with IHL and other relevant norms and to reiterate humanitarian concerns.

Rodr

igo

ABD

/ IC

RC

INTRODUCTION | 355

Discussions with military units deployed abroad, such as those of France, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America (hereafter US), highlighted the protection due to civilians and those arrested/captured. In parallel, ICRC interaction with UN peacekeepers and with the command structures and field personnel of organizations such as the Collective Security Treaty Organization and NATO focused on respect for IHL.

In line with the objectives of the Health Care in Danger project, the ICRC raised awareness among authorities and key civil society stakeholders of the need to protect medical personnel/structures and patients during emergencies. Briefings for weapon bearers also emphasized this issue and helped facilitate safe access by medical/humanitarian workers to victims.

During some 800 visits to nearly 300 places of detention region-wide, conducted according to standard ICRC procedures, ICRC delegates monitored the treatment and living conditions of over 178,000 detainees/internees, enabled them to communicate with their relatives through RCMs and phone/video calls, and provided confidential feedback to the authorities on improving detention conditions where necessary.

Policy-makers, forensic experts and NGOs took on board the ICRC’s inputs and strengthened their capacities to handle and identify human remains, collect and manage data, and provide psychosocial support to families of missing persons.

With ICRC guidance, governments made progress towards the ratification of/accession to IHL treaties, including the Arms Trade Treaty, and their domestic implementation. Activities geared towards academia, mass media and the general public, such as events related to the “150 years of humanitarian action” initia-tive, helped promote and develop IHL and fostered understanding and acceptance of the organization’s neutral, impartial and inde-pendent humanitarian action. With National Societies, the ICRC continued to collect information on relevant national practice to update its customary IHL database.

Through its delegations in Brussels (Belgium), Caracas (Venezuela), Moscow (Russian Federation), New York (US), Paris (France) and Washington (US), the ICRC shared its views on humanitarian concerns with intergovernmental organizations such as the Caribbean Community, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the European Union, the Organization of American States and UN bodies. It notably provided input on IHL-related language for the Arms Trade Treaty, which was adopted by the UN General Assembly in April.

The ICRC coordinated its activities with Movement partners, UN agencies and other humanitarian players to ensure the efficient delivery of aid, maximize impact, identify unmet needs and avoid duplication.

THE AMERICASIn its field operations, the ICRC combined protection, assistance and prevention approaches to help people affected by conflict or violence cope with their situation. Among the beneficiaries were people affected by the armed conflict in Colombia, including those suffering its spillover effects in the border regions of neighbouring

countries; people affected by fighting in Peru’s Apurímac-Ene y Mantaro Valley; and victims of violence throughout the region, including migrants exposed to the risk of abuse along their route.

In Colombia, the ICRC worked with the authorities to improve their capacities to address the needs of conflict/violence-affected people; this contributed to better access to State assistance for IDPs. Some 45,000 people benefited from direct assistance in cash or kind, while agricultural implements and other productive inputs helped several thousand people sustainably restore/improve their livelihoods. Together with the Colombian Red Cross, delegates worked to raise awareness of and mobilize State action on weapon contamination, and helped victims of sexual violence obtain access to medical treatment. As a neutral intermediary, the ICRC facilitated access to and the delivery of health care services, the release of people held by armed groups, and the transport of negotiators in the peace process between the Colombian government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People’s Army.

ICRC-supported projects, often implemented by National Societies, for example in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico, bolstered the capacities of communities in violence-prone areas and of State institutions to mitigate the effects of violence and respond to its humanitarian consequences. Community members in Chile and northern Paraguay acquired first-aid skills, while the Venezuelan Red Cross organized medical missions in border areas with material/logistical support. In the favelas of Rio de Janeiro, local partners started replicating similar activities after the ICRC pilot project came to an end in December. In Medellín, Colombia, livelihood training and employment assistance helped residents deal with the economic impact of violence. In Ecuador, Haiti, Honduras, Panama and Peru, improved water-supply facilities and hygiene practices helped reduce health risks in remote communities and alleviated the impact of violence on their access to basic services.

The Mexican authorities received recommendations for improving living conditions for migrants in retention centres, while repair/rehabilitation work improved migrants’ living conditions in shelters. The support provided to National Societies enhanced their response to the needs of migrants bound for the US, particularly in terms of health care and family-links services. Boosting efforts to determine the fate or whereabouts of missing persons, including migrants, the ICRC provided training and technical advice to State institutions and forensic experts, including in Argentina and Chile, and facilitated regional coordination on this issue.

The ICRC also sought to improve the protection of vulner-able people by disseminating IHL and other relevant norms among the region’s military and security forces and encourag-ing the integration of these norms into their doctrine, train-ing and operations. Such activities – for instance, joint training for police and defence personnel in several Caribbean coun-tries – emphasized compliance with internationally recog-nized standards for the use of force, including in cases of arrests/detention.

Acting on findings from visits to detainees/internees in 12 coun tries, the ICRC engaged in confidential dialogue with the authorities, providing recommendations as necessary. Discussions

with US government representatives emphasized the humanitarian needs of internees at the US internment facility at the Guantanamo Bay Naval Station in Cuba and concerns related to medical ethics, particularly during hunger strikes, as well as the US’ residual responsibility for inmates previously in its custody. Although progress remained slow owing to other government priorities, the ICRC backed penitentiary reform efforts, including health care initiatives, in Haiti. In El Salvador, it provided direct support and helped mobilize international bodies to address problems related to poor living conditions in prisons.

EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIAICRC operations focused on the needs of people affected by past or low-intensity armed conflicts and ongoing violence, and of vulnerable migrants. As the situation evolved, the organization adapted its approach in some contexts.

In Tajikistan, households affected by past clashes spurred their economic recovery through income-generating projects using ICRC grants. Medical supplies and training helped health facilities in affected areas handle emergency cases, while training in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan prepared health professionals to respond to emergencies. Civilians in Armenia and Azerbaijan affected by the unresolved Nagorny Karabakh conflict, and families in Georgia still recovering from the effects of past conflicts, developed/started livelihood activities with ICRC assistance. Water-supply and shelter rehabilitation projects also improved their living conditions and safety. Despite reducing and, in some cases, suspending its humanitarian activities in the northern Caucasus, the ICRC was still able to assist some of the most vulnerable people affected by past conflicts. The beneficiaries included victims of mines/explosives remnants of war, while technical and financial support helped governments/National Societies carry out mine-awareness and victim-assistance programmes in the Caucasus, Central Asia and the Western Balkans.

As a neutral intermediary, the ICRC helped people in Georgia obtain medical treatment or reunite with family members across the Abkhaz and South Ossetian administrative boundary lines. It facilitated family contact for POWs and civilian internees in Armenia and Azerbaijan, the repatriation of civilian internees to Armenia and the recovery of human remains from the no-man’s-land.

As part of its efforts to clarify the fate of missing persons, the ICRC facilitated meetings of a working group in Kosovo1 and Serbia, and of two coordination mechanisms involving Georgia, the Russian Federation and representatives of the de facto authorities of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. A new working group, in which it participated as an observer, paved the way for increased coordination between Croatian and Serbian government representatives on this issue. Dialogue within the framework of these mechanisms resulted in the recovery and identification of human remains and their handover to the families for proper burial. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the efforts of all concerned led to the resolution of 649 cases of missing persons; however, over 11,600 such cases remained unresolved throughout the Western Balkans. In Armenia and Azerbaijan, preparations continued for DNA-sample collection from families to help clarify the fate

1. UN Security Council Resolution 1244

of 4,603 people remaining unaccounted for in relation to the Nagorny Karabakh conflict.

In coordination with Movement partners, the ICRC sought to develop dialogue with policy-makers in Europe and with regional bodies regarding the situation of vulnerable migrants. It also disseminated information about the Movement’s family-links services. Movement meetings and peer-to-peer support between National Societies helped strengthen such services for migrants; in Greece, the ICRC temporarily took over the implementation of family-links activities from the Hellenic Red Cross.

People detained/interned in 18 contexts, including migrants, people detained on security-related charges, and people held in European countries under the authority of international tribunals received ICRC visits. Drawing on ICRC technical support, the authorities in Kyrgyzstan continued to facilitate TB screening and treatment for inmates; meanwhile, those in Georgia sustained the implementation of a primary health care programme in prisons, which was initiated with ICRC support in 2011.

In the Western Balkans, the ICRC was able to reduce or phase out direct support to several National Societies that had demonstrated their capacities to conduct humanitarian activities independently. It provided support to the Ukrainian Red Cross, which administered first aid and evacuated the wounded after protests broke out in Kiev in November.

356 | ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2013

INTRODUCTION | 357

358 | ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2013

PROTECTION MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

PROTECTION PROTECTION

CIVILIANS PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOMRC

Ms

colle

cted

RCM

s di

strib

uted

Phon

e ca

lls fa

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ated

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bers

Nam

es p

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hed

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e IC

RC

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ily-l

inks

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Peop

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ted

with

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r fa

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es

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s st

ill b

eing

han

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the

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/Nat

iona

l Soc

iety

at t

he

end

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e re

port

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d

Peop

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ansf

erre

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iate

d

Hum

an r

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Peop

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)

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Num

ber

of v

isits

car

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out

Num

ber

of p

lace

s of

det

entio

n vi

site

d

RCM

s co

llect

ed

RCM

s di

strib

uted

Phon

e ca

lls m

ade

to fa

mili

es to

in

form

them

of t

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here

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ts

of a

det

aine

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lativ

e

Deta

inee

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site

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r

rela

tives

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/Nat

iona

l So

ciet

y su

ppor

t

Deta

inee

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leas

ed a

nd

tran

sfer

red/

repa

tria

ted

by

/via

the

ICRC

Peop

le to

who

m a

det

entio

n at

test

atio

n w

as is

sued

Armenia 16 21 6 1 6 1 2 1 10 4 7 14 1 1 Armenia

Azerbaijan 33 54 47 12 6 10,827 711 120 147 17 3 80 16 48 20 77 42 76 2 2 6 Azerbaijan

Georgia 260 185 25 544 5 46 12,562 656 63 125 9 66 1 109 17 112 95 22 17 Georgia

Kyrgyzstan 1 5 7 7 9,279 509 91 208 4 5 125 2 4 140 46 12 2 168 Kyrgyzstan

Europe (regional) 1 4 2,785 27 68 26 32 30 4

Europe (regional)

Moscow (regional) 17 11 6 7 34 4 12 348 5

Moscow (regional)

Tashkent (regional) 4 1 12 3 117

Tashkent (regional)

Western Balkans (regional)

1 10,150 1 694 38 36 5 14 13 430Western Balkans

(regional)

Brussels 2 2 2 2 Brussels

Paris 2 11 2 1 1 1 1 Paris

Colombia 75 66 26 12 190 96,729 8,292 1,117 1,771 129 10 205 23 10 141 64 48 17 1,037 Colombia

Haiti 240 8,071 130 100 36 13 Haiti

Brasilia (regional) 3 3 1 68 7 68 7 33 3 17 11 30

Brasilia (regional)

Caracas (regional) 5 1

Caracas (regional)

Lima (regional) 3 3,737 475 157 274 35 100 6 59 25 5 4 279 2

Lima (regional)

Mexico City (regional) 4 12,120 164 3 3 34,107 3,201 181 79 3 39 1 184 45 13 1 10 3

Mexico City (regional)

Washington (regional) 603 1 166 140 8 1 1,318 929 134 6

Washington (regional)

Total 416 347 13,044 10,150 189 3 571 17 962 55 178,378 14,009 1,897 2,883 205 18 655 53 14 801 292 1,596 1,117 216 2,014 2 471 Total

* Unaccompanied minors/separated children1. Owing to operational and management constraints, figures presented in this table and in the narrative part of this report may not reflect all activities carried out during the reporting period

INTRODUCTION | 359

PROTECTION MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

PROTECTION PROTECTION

CIVILIANS PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM

RCM

s co

llect

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llect

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t

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Peop

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n at

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n w

as is

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Armenia 16 21 6 1 6 1 2 1 10 4 7 14 1 1 Armenia

Azerbaijan 33 54 47 12 6 10,827 711 120 147 17 3 80 16 48 20 77 42 76 2 2 6 Azerbaijan

Georgia 260 185 25 544 5 46 12,562 656 63 125 9 66 1 109 17 112 95 22 17 Georgia

Kyrgyzstan 1 5 7 7 9,279 509 91 208 4 5 125 2 4 140 46 12 2 168 Kyrgyzstan

Europe (regional) 1 4 2,785 27 68 26 32 30 4

Europe (regional)

Moscow (regional) 17 11 6 7 34 4 12 348 5

Moscow (regional)

Tashkent (regional) 4 1 12 3 117

Tashkent (regional)

Western Balkans (regional)

1 10,150 1 694 38 36 5 14 13 430Western Balkans

(regional)

Brussels 2 2 2 2 Brussels

Paris 2 11 2 1 1 1 1 Paris

Colombia 75 66 26 12 190 96,729 8,292 1,117 1,771 129 10 205 23 10 141 64 48 17 1,037 Colombia

Haiti 240 8,071 130 100 36 13 Haiti

Brasilia (regional) 3 3 1 68 7 68 7 33 3 17 11 30

Brasilia (regional)

Caracas (regional) 5 1

Caracas (regional)

Lima (regional) 3 3,737 475 157 274 35 100 6 59 25 5 4 279 2

Lima (regional)

Mexico City (regional) 4 12,120 164 3 3 34,107 3,201 181 79 3 39 1 184 45 13 1 10 3

Mexico City (regional)

Washington (regional) 603 1 166 140 8 1 1,318 929 134 6

Washington (regional)

Total 416 347 13,044 10,150 189 3 571 17 962 55 178,378 14,009 1,897 2,883 205 18 655 53 14 801 292 1,596 1,117 216 2,014 2 471 Total

* Unaccompanied minors/separated children1. Owing to operational and management constraints, figures presented in this table and in the narrative part of this report may not reflect all activities carried out during the reporting period

360 | ICRC ANNUAL REPORT 2013

ASSISTANCE MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

ASSISTANCE ASSISTANCE

CIVILIANS PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM

WOUNDED AND SICK

Civilians - Beneficiaries Health centres Hospitals First aid Physical rehabilitationFo

od c

omm

oditi

es

Esse

ntia

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tion

Cons

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(p

atie

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Patie

nts

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g ph

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ther

apy

Armenia 4,007 199 2,799 Armenia

Azerbaijan 2,419 2,539 2,871 15,363 9,592 5,030 Azerbaijan

Georgia 536 532 1,100 2,635 9,309 10 55 Georgia

Kyrgyzstan 63,289 151,120 5,529 902 17 4 Kyrgyzstan

Moscow (regional) 2 33 1,788 337 13 6,172 459 260 4 4 3,835 182

Moscow (regional)

Tashkent (regional) 639 143 1,484 9 80,437 59 60 12

Tashkent (regional)

Colombia 25,743 31,536 13,360 20,112 48,325 20,491 56 107,296 1,678 609 11,826 4 14,158 502 1,659 703 2,870 6,169 Colombia

Haiti 60,000 6,620 6,465 Haiti

Brasilia (regional) 497 1,566

Brasilia (regional)

Lima (regional) 37 114 904 3 9 5,148 345 2,989 630

Lima (regional)

Mexico City (regional) 18,584 64,783 14 5,379 25,796 780 125 178 26,147 8 6,350 74 363 137 549 4

Mexico City (regional)

Total 47,960 98,186 20,255 29,039 3 65,276 329,414 79 193,112 27,474 1,389 988 20,676 46,025 33 4 3,835 182 4 12 20,508 576 2,022 840 3,419 6,173 Total

of whom women 32% 41% 28% 36% 33% 35% 29% 4,988 1,819 20 5,766 156 318 188 544

of whom women

of whom children 31% 17% 37% 30% 33% 33% 25% 2,876 815 1,239 2,915 41 1,397 59 2,261

of whom children

of whom IDPs 21,434 23,914 4,467 17,647 45,913 11,348 of which for victims of mine or explosive remnants of war 108 29

of whom IDPs

1. Owing to operational and management constraints, figures presented in this table and in the narrative part of this report may not reflect all activities carried out during the reporting period

INTRODUCTION | 361

ASSISTANCE MAIN FIGURES AND INDICATORS

ASSISTANCE ASSISTANCE

CIVILIANS PEOPLE DEPRIVED OF THEIR FREEDOM

WOUNDED AND SICK

Civilians - Beneficiaries Health centres Hospitals First aid Physical rehabilitation

Food

com

mod

ities

Esse

ntia

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Prod

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Armenia 4,007 199 2,799 Armenia

Azerbaijan 2,419 2,539 2,871 15,363 9,592 5,030 Azerbaijan

Georgia 536 532 1,100 2,635 9,309 10 55 Georgia

Kyrgyzstan 63,289 151,120 5,529 902 17 4 Kyrgyzstan

Moscow (regional) 2 33 1,788 337 13 6,172 459 260 4 4 3,835 182

Moscow (regional)

Tashkent (regional) 639 143 1,484 9 80,437 59 60 12

Tashkent (regional)

Colombia 25,743 31,536 13,360 20,112 48,325 20,491 56 107,296 1,678 609 11,826 4 14,158 502 1,659 703 2,870 6,169 Colombia

Haiti 60,000 6,620 6,465 Haiti

Brasilia (regional) 497 1,566

Brasilia (regional)

Lima (regional) 37 114 904 3 9 5,148 345 2,989 630

Lima (regional)

Mexico City (regional) 18,584 64,783 14 5,379 25,796 780 125 178 26,147 8 6,350 74 363 137 549 4

Mexico City (regional)

Total 47,960 98,186 20,255 29,039 3 65,276 329,414 79 193,112 27,474 1,389 988 20,676 46,025 33 4 3,835 182 4 12 20,508 576 2,022 840 3,419 6,173 Total

of whom women 32% 41% 28% 36% 33% 35% 29% 4,988 1,819 20 5,766 156 318 188 544

of whom women

of whom children 31% 17% 37% 30% 33% 33% 25% 2,876 815 1,239 2,915 41 1,397 59 2,261

of whom children

of whom IDPs 21,434 23,914 4,467 17,647 45,913 11,348 of which for victims of mine or explosive remnants of war 108 29

of whom IDPs

1. Owing to operational and management constraints, figures presented in this table and in the narrative part of this report may not reflect all activities carried out during the reporting period