europe and the fsu keys to understanding europe 1. the relative location of european countries with...
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Europe and the FSUEurope and the FSU
Keys to Understanding Europe
Keys to Understanding Europe
1. The relative Location of European countries with easy access to important oceans and seas helped create highly developed economies and made the Europeans leaders in world trade
2. Europe’s dense and highly urbanized population has greatly altered the environment
1. The relative Location of European countries with easy access to important oceans and seas helped create highly developed economies and made the Europeans leaders in world trade
2. Europe’s dense and highly urbanized population has greatly altered the environment
3. For the most part, the human characteristics of the European Region include highly skilled farmers and factory workers, great centers of industry and trade, and parliamentary democratic governments.
4. 25 Nations form a European Union which allows free movements of people, ideas and goods across national borders.
3. For the most part, the human characteristics of the European Region include highly skilled farmers and factory workers, great centers of industry and trade, and parliamentary democratic governments.
4. 25 Nations form a European Union which allows free movements of people, ideas and goods across national borders.
1. Keys, Cont’d.1. Keys, Cont’d.
5. The countries of Eastern Europe are building new economic and cultural relationships with other European Nations.
6. In the past, many wars were fought in the European Region (Including the Cold War). Today, the economic power of the region is built on cooperation
5. The countries of Eastern Europe are building new economic and cultural relationships with other European Nations.
6. In the past, many wars were fought in the European Region (Including the Cold War). Today, the economic power of the region is built on cooperation
Landform RegionsLandform Regions
Northern Highlands Northern European Plain Central Uplands Alpine Mountain System Mediterranean Peninsulas
Northern Highlands Northern European Plain Central Uplands Alpine Mountain System Mediterranean Peninsulas
ClimatesClimates West Coast Marine-
Northwestern countries Humid Continental-
Eastern countries Mediterranean-Uh,
bordering the Mediterranean Sea
Humid Subtropical-N. Italy and parts of Old Yugoslavia
Highland-Alps
West Coast Marine-Northwestern countries
Humid Continental-Eastern countries
Mediterranean-Uh, bordering the Mediterranean Sea
Humid Subtropical-N. Italy and parts of Old Yugoslavia
Highland-Alps
ResourcesResources
Water Long, irregular coastline and navigable rivers
provide ideal conditions for trade Icebreakers only needed for Baltic ports Rivers also provide water and hydroelectricity
Most are connected by canals Rhine and Danube are largest
Soils Good for agriculture Europe’s is highly developed
Water Long, irregular coastline and navigable rivers
provide ideal conditions for trade Icebreakers only needed for Baltic ports Rivers also provide water and hydroelectricity
Most are connected by canals Rhine and Danube are largest
Soils Good for agriculture Europe’s is highly developed
Resources, cont’d.Resources, cont’d. Forests
Most original trees have been cut Europe is an importer of timber Reforestation programs have been started
Minerals and energy Europe relies heavily on imports Coal and Iron ore deposits were important in
the development of industry in the region North Sea Oil and gas Hydroelectricity, nuclear and tidal power are
gaining in usage
Forests Most original trees have been cut Europe is an importer of timber Reforestation programs have been started
Minerals and energy Europe relies heavily on imports Coal and Iron ore deposits were important in
the development of industry in the region North Sea Oil and gas Hydroelectricity, nuclear and tidal power are
gaining in usage
Human Environment Interaction
Human Environment Interaction
Industrialization and agricultural development have great changed the environment Water Pollution Acid Rain Deforestation in Mediterranean
Industrialization and agricultural development have great changed the environment Water Pollution Acid Rain Deforestation in Mediterranean
Historical GeographyHistorical Geography Rise and Fall of Nations
Classic Civilization Middle (Dark) Ages Emergence of Modern Nations Colonization and Imperialism WWI & WWII Cold War Fall of the Soviet Union
Rise and Fall of Nations Classic Civilization Middle (Dark) Ages Emergence of Modern Nations Colonization and Imperialism WWI & WWII Cold War Fall of the Soviet Union
Human GeographyHuman Geography Population Changes
Grew rapidly between 1000 and 1300 Declined due to famines, plagues and wars 1300-
1450 Recovered due to agricultural advances that
came with the Industrial Revolution 20th century brought widespread immigration
from Southern and Eastern Europe, Turkey, North Africa and Southern Asia (India and Pakistan)
Even with immigration, Europe has the lowest population growth rates
Population Changes Grew rapidly between 1000 and 1300 Declined due to famines, plagues and wars 1300-
1450 Recovered due to agricultural advances that
came with the Industrial Revolution 20th century brought widespread immigration
from Southern and Eastern Europe, Turkey, North Africa and Southern Asia (India and Pakistan)
Even with immigration, Europe has the lowest population growth rates
Human GeographyHuman Geography Language
Indo-European Language Family
Germanic Celtic Romance Slavic Greek
Small presence of Uralic
Estonian Finnish Hungarian
Language Indo-European
Language Family Germanic Celtic Romance Slavic Greek
Small presence of Uralic
Estonian Finnish Hungarian
Human GeographyHuman Geography Religion Roman Catholicism
France, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Austria, Ireland, Belgium, Poland, Southern Germany
Protestantism Northern Europe England, Scandinavian
Countries, Northern Germany, Holland
Orthodox Balkans Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, etc.
Islam in Southeast and amongst immigrants
Small Jewish minorities
Religion Roman Catholicism
France, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Austria, Ireland, Belgium, Poland, Southern Germany
Protestantism Northern Europe England, Scandinavian
Countries, Northern Germany, Holland
Orthodox Balkans Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, etc.
Islam in Southeast and amongst immigrants
Small Jewish minorities
Human GeographyHuman Geography Economic Cooperation
Post WWII, began with a coal agreement between Germany and France
European Community (Common Market) in 1957 Now: European Union
25 countries Common Currency: Euro Free borders
EFTA: Switzerland, Norway. Liechtenstein, Iceland
European Free Trade Association Have agreements with EU
Economic Cooperation Post WWII, began with a coal agreement
between Germany and France European Community (Common Market) in 1957 Now: European Union
25 countries Common Currency: Euro Free borders
EFTA: Switzerland, Norway. Liechtenstein, Iceland
European Free Trade Association Have agreements with EU
European Ways of LifeEuropean Ways of Life Share many characteristics with North
America Large Cities and urban populations
Centuries-old architecture interspersed with modern high-rise
Advanced transportation systems Autobahns, seaports, river-canal systems, high-speed rail
Most nations provide more social services than we do in the United States
Healthcare, social welfare programs, free higher education
Supported by higher taxes than in the United States
Share many characteristics with North America Large Cities and urban populations
Centuries-old architecture interspersed with modern high-rise
Advanced transportation systems Autobahns, seaports, river-canal systems, high-speed rail
Most nations provide more social services than we do in the United States
Healthcare, social welfare programs, free higher education
Supported by higher taxes than in the United States
Keys to FSUKeys to FSU
1. Rapid political and economic change is taking place in the region. Democratic ideas have replaced communist governments throughout most of the region
2. New nations have emerged from the collapse of the Soviet Union
1. Rapid political and economic change is taking place in the region. Democratic ideas have replaced communist governments throughout most of the region
2. New nations have emerged from the collapse of the Soviet Union
KeysKeys
3. The chief physical characteristic is a huge lowland plain which allows free movement of people, ideas and goods.
4. Of the many national or ethnic groups, the Slavic-speaking people predominate Russians Ukrainians Belarussians
3. The chief physical characteristic is a huge lowland plain which allows free movement of people, ideas and goods.
4. Of the many national or ethnic groups, the Slavic-speaking people predominate Russians Ukrainians Belarussians
KeysKeys
5. Economic development has been hampered (hindered, limited) by a number of factors: Mongol occupation for 200 years Lack of access to warm-water ports Inefficiencies of the Communist
System
5. Economic development has been hampered (hindered, limited) by a number of factors: Mongol occupation for 200 years Lack of access to warm-water ports Inefficiencies of the Communist
System
KeysKeys
6. Change is underway in the way farms and factories are organized. People are freer to attempt free enterprise by growing their own food for profit.
7. The people of this region-the Heart of Eurasia-face many critical problems in changing to democracy and free enterprise.
6. Change is underway in the way farms and factories are organized. People are freer to attempt free enterprise by growing their own food for profit.
7. The people of this region-the Heart of Eurasia-face many critical problems in changing to democracy and free enterprise.
Physical GeographyPhysical Geography
Vast European PlainBounded on east by Ural MountainsThis is where most people in the region
liveSiberia
Western LowlandPlateau in East
Vast European PlainBounded on east by Ural MountainsThis is where most people in the region
liveSiberia
Western LowlandPlateau in East
PhysicalPhysical Caucasus Mountains
between Black and Caspian Seas East of Caspian
Increased elevation to border mountain ranges Pamirs Tian Shan
Lack of warm-water ports and navigable rivers Many north-flowing rivers
Ob, Yenesei, Lena Lack of control of Bosporus/Dardanelles outlet from
Black Sea Caspian Sea is land-locked Vladivostok is a l-o-n-g way from the heart of Russia
Caucasus Mountains between Black and Caspian Seas
East of Caspian Increased elevation to border mountain ranges
Pamirs Tian Shan
Lack of warm-water ports and navigable rivers Many north-flowing rivers
Ob, Yenesei, Lena Lack of control of Bosporus/Dardanelles outlet from
Black Sea Caspian Sea is land-locked Vladivostok is a l-o-n-g way from the heart of Russia
ClimatesClimates Humid Continental-Russian Heartland
Desert-Centered on Aral Sea Steppe-surrounding desert
Ukraine and Southern Russia
The “istans” Humid Subtropical-Georgia Mediterranean-Armenia and
Azerbaijan Highland-Caucasus and
Chinese Borderlands Subarctic-North and Siberia Tundra-Arctic Coast
Humid Continental-Russian Heartland
Desert-Centered on Aral Sea Steppe-surrounding desert
Ukraine and Southern Russia
The “istans” Humid Subtropical-Georgia Mediterranean-Armenia and
Azerbaijan Highland-Caucasus and
Chinese Borderlands Subarctic-North and Siberia Tundra-Arctic Coast
ResourcesResources Rich deposits of industrial minerals
Coal, iron ore, petroleum Hydroelectricity Agricultural land among the richest
in the world Forests Lack of Warm-water ports
Rich deposits of industrial minerals Coal, iron ore, petroleum
Hydroelectricity Agricultural land among the richest
in the world Forests Lack of Warm-water ports
HistoryHistory Russia grew from trade routes between Viking
Lands and Istanbul Began to form as a Kingdom around Kiev in the
9th century Russian development halted because of a 200-
year occupation by the Mongols Kingdom reemerged at Moscow in the late 1400s Ivan IV “The Terrible” founded the Empire in 1547
Czar, or tsar From the Latin for Caesar
Russia grew from trade routes between Viking Lands and Istanbul
Began to form as a Kingdom around Kiev in the 9th century
Russian development halted because of a 200-year occupation by the Mongols
Kingdom reemerged at Moscow in the late 1400s Ivan IV “The Terrible” founded the Empire in 1547
Czar, or tsar From the Latin for Caesar
HistoryHistory Russian Empire’s development hindered by several
factors Lack of warm-water ports Despotic ruling strategies Lack of Middle class Backward farming methods Limited Industrialization
Decline in the 19th century Droughts and food shortages Economic depression slowed trade Lost war to Japanese (1905) Riots (1905) Revolution in 1917
Russian Empire’s development hindered by several factors Lack of warm-water ports Despotic ruling strategies Lack of Middle class Backward farming methods Limited Industrialization
Decline in the 19th century Droughts and food shortages Economic depression slowed trade Lost war to Japanese (1905) Riots (1905) Revolution in 1917
HistoryHistory Bolsheviks overthrew the temporary Republic
Set-up a Communist state – USSR Economic Plan stressed industrial expansion Soviet people suffered great sacrifices in life-style
to follow Communist plan Persecution of those who did not step in line cost
millions their lives The USSR suffered great losses during WWII After WWIICold War rivalry with the West
Eastern European satellites-Berlin Wall
Bolsheviks overthrew the temporary Republic Set-up a Communist state – USSR Economic Plan stressed industrial expansion Soviet people suffered great sacrifices in life-style
to follow Communist plan Persecution of those who did not step in line cost
millions their lives The USSR suffered great losses during WWII After WWIICold War rivalry with the West
Eastern European satellites-Berlin Wall
HistoryHistory Collapse
In 1985, when he took control, Gorbachev realized changes must come
Glasnost Perestroika
1989-Client States in Eastern Europe collapsed
1991-Soviet Union Broke Apart and replaced by Commonwealth of Independent States (C.I.S.)
Collapse In 1985, when he took control, Gorbachev
realized changes must come Glasnost Perestroika
1989-Client States in Eastern Europe collapsed
1991-Soviet Union Broke Apart and replaced by Commonwealth of Independent States (C.I.S.)
Human GeographyHuman Geography Languages
Russian was the official language of the USSR
The newly-independent nations were formed around national groups, so each has their own language (Ex: Ukrainian)
Education was important to the USSR, so high literacy rates
Languages Russian was the official
language of the USSR The newly-independent
nations were formed around national groups, so each has their own language (Ex: Ukrainian)
Education was important to the USSR, so high literacy rates
ReligionsReligions
Orthodox Jewish minority Some Catholics
and Protestant in the West
Islam in South and East
Orthodox Jewish minority Some Catholics
and Protestant in the West
Islam in South and East
Land in TransitionLand in Transition
Because of the recent changes, the people in this region are seeing massive changes in their lifestyles Increase in unemployment and crime New attitudes between Russians and
other nationalities Uneven distribution of wealth Loss of pensions and investments
Because of the recent changes, the people in this region are seeing massive changes in their lifestyles Increase in unemployment and crime New attitudes between Russians and
other nationalities Uneven distribution of wealth Loss of pensions and investments