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EuropeWorld Geography
Physical Geography
Europe’s landforms also include large plains and
mountain ranges.
Europe is composed of many peninsulas and
islands.
Always near Water…
Europe is a large peninsula of Asia
also has its own smaller peninsulas: a “peninsula of peninsulas”
most places are within 100 miles of the ocean or a sea
Europe’s Links
*Network of rivers brings people, goods , and ideas
together
allows goods inland from coastal harbors, aids
economic growth
Danube River
The Danube is the 2nd longest river next to the Volga.
It starts in Germany and runs east through 9 countries across 1, 771 miles to the Black Sea.
These and many other rivers connect Europeans. This encourages trade and travel.
Rhine River
Rivers have historically acted as highways:
Rhine runs 820 miles through 4 countries: Switzerland, France, Germany, and the Netherlands from the interior to the North.
Starts from the Swiss Alps and runs to the North Sea.
These and many other rivers connect Europeans, this encourages trade and travel.
Volga River
The Volga is the longestriver in Western Europe.
It is 2, 293 miles long.
In ancient times it was known as the Atil, Italy, or Idil.
The Volga freezes for 3 months out of the year.
Roller Coasters?
English Channel
The English Channel has The Chunnel connecting England to France.
31 miles across, 20 minutes in a train and 2 hours in a car.
Chunnel under the Channel
Mediterranean Sea
“Sea between Lands”
an intercontinental sea that stretches from the Atlantic Ocean on the west to Asia on the east and separates Europe from Africa.
Mountain Ranges and Agricultural
Land
*33% of Europe is
suitable for agriculture; world average only 11%
Europe’s Bounty: The Northern European Plain
One of the most fertile agricultural regions in world
flat agricultural land produces vast quantities of food
Curves across France, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, Poland
The Alps
The Alps is Europe’s most famous mountain chain
crosses France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Balkans
cuts Italy off from rest of Europe
the Swiss Alps make up most of Switzerland.
The Rhine River divides the Alps into 2 main parts the Western and Eastern Alps.
The Pyrenees Mountains
Mountain chain of southwestern Europe that consists of flat-topped massifs and folded linear ranges. The Pyrenees form a high wall between France and Spain that has played a significant role in the history of both countries and of Europe as a whole.
Pyrenees restrict movement from France to Spain and Portugal
The Ural Mountains
Separates Europe from Asia
Mountain range forming a rugged spine in west-central Russia and the major part of the boundary between Europe and Asia.
Peninsula is a body of land surrounded by
water on three sides.
Two major peninsulas in Europe: The Iberian
Peninsulaand The Scandinavian
Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula
• Iberian Peninsula: Home to Spain and Portugal
Madrid, Spain
Scandinavian Peninsula
The Scandinavian Peninsula includes Norway and Sweden
Surrounded by Norwegian, North, and Baltic Seas
Geirangerfjord, Norway
Italian Peninsula
Italian Peninsula includes Italy, extends into Mediterranean Sea
boot-shaped, with 4,700miles of coastline
Islands
Larger: Great Britain, Ireland, Iceland, Greenland in North Atlantic
Smaller: Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Crete in Mediterranean
Fueling Industrialization
Major industrialized regions:
Ruhr Valley, Germany; parts of United Kingdom
Coal and iron ore are needed to create steel for industrialization
found in Belgium, Netherlands, France, Germany, Poland
Coal train to Manchester, England
Energy
Oil, natural gas found in North Sea in 1959; offshore rigs in 1970s
petroleum supplied by Norway, Netherlands, and Britain