Europe in the 21Europe in the 21stst Century:Century:

A New Europe?A New Europe?

A Department of Political Science SeminarA Department of Political Science Seminar

Newfoundland and Labrador and the Upper Churchill: Newfoundland and Labrador and the Upper Churchill: Constitutional and Economic AspectsConstitutional and Economic Aspects

Jim FeehanJim FeehanDepartment of EconomicsDepartment of Economics

Frank O’BrienFrank O’BrienDepartment of Political Science Department of Political Science

Memorial University of NewfoundlandMemorial University of Newfoundland

Tuesday April 7, 2009 SN2033 10:30-11:45 a.m.Tuesday April 7, 2009 SN2033 10:30-11:45 a.m.

The Department of Political Science The Department of Political Science PresentsPresents

The (Re)Regulation of Global Finance – The (Re)Regulation of Global Finance – Understanding Canada’s Role Understanding Canada’s Role

in the G20in the G20

Dr. Russell WilliamsDr. Russell WilliamsDepartment of Political ScienceDepartment of Political Science

Memorial University of NewfoundlandMemorial University of Newfoundland

Thursday April 9, 2009Thursday April 9, 2009SN2033SN2033

12:30-2:30pm12:30-2:30pm

Final examFinal exam

Friday, April 17Friday, April 17thth

3-5:00 p.m.3-5:00 p.m. LocationLocation

• SN3042SN3042

Format: Format:

Identifications 6 @ 5% (30%)Identifications 6 @ 5% (30%) Shorter essay (30%)Shorter essay (30%) Longer essay (40%)Longer essay (40%) Choice on all sectionsChoice on all sections The exam covers the entire course, butThe exam covers the entire course, but

• Greater emphasis on material since the Greater emphasis on material since the midtermmidterm

• You should be able to comment on broad You should be able to comment on broad changes throughout the 20changes throughout the 20thth century – e.g. century – e.g. ways in which postwar Europe was different or ways in which postwar Europe was different or similar to earlier periodssimilar to earlier periods

Today’s classToday’s class

East Central Europe:East Central Europe:• Return to the foldReturn to the fold

European Union:European Union:• Ever Closer Union, Union delayed, or Ever Closer Union, Union delayed, or

Union StalledUnion Stalled Domestic politics:Domestic politics:

• Welfare states in troubleWelfare states in trouble• The emergence of New Right Populist The emergence of New Right Populist

PartiesParties

East Central EuropeEast Central Europe Re-establish multiparty democracyRe-establish multiparty democracy Germany reunified –Germany reunified –

• Eastern Eastern laender laender accedeaccede• Absorbed into Federal Republic under Absorbed into Federal Republic under

‘temporary’ constitution (Basic Law)‘temporary’ constitution (Basic Law) Transitions to democracy largely successful Transitions to democracy largely successful

in in Central EuropeCentral Europe• Weak parties & weak party systemsWeak parties & weak party systems• Surprising success of reformed (ex-) Surprising success of reformed (ex-)

CommunistsCommunists Further east & south, former USSR:Further east & south, former USSR:

• Transitions stalled: illiberal democracies or Transitions stalled: illiberal democracies or worse?worse?

The European ProjectThe European Project

Treaty on European Union, 1991Treaty on European Union, 1991 Integrating the east?Integrating the east? Successive Enlargements – from 12 to 27:Successive Enlargements – from 12 to 27:

• Finland, Sweden, Austria 1995Finland, Sweden, Austria 1995• Copenhagen Process (1994)Copenhagen Process (1994)• Central and Eastern Europe: 10 countries in Central and Eastern Europe: 10 countries in

20042004 Visograd Four: Hungary, Poland, Czech R., SlovakiaVisograd Four: Hungary, Poland, Czech R., Slovakia Baltics: Lithuania, Latvia, EstoniaBaltics: Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia Malta, Cypress, SloveniaMalta, Cypress, Slovenia

• Bulgaria and Romania in 2007Bulgaria and Romania in 2007

Enlargement & problems it createsEnlargement & problems it creates

New member-states must adopt New member-states must adopt aquii: aquii: body of European law passed to datebody of European law passed to date

Institutions designed for six, nine…twelve Institutions designed for six, nine…twelve work differently with 25 or 27work differently with 25 or 27• European CommissionEuropean Commission• PresidencyPresidency

Question of structural funds (regional aid)Question of structural funds (regional aid) Were the new member-states ready?Were the new member-states ready?

The Constitutional DebacleThe Constitutional Debacle

2002 Decision to call Constitutional 2002 Decision to call Constitutional ConventionConvention

Treaty draftedTreaty drafted Ratification required by Ratification required by all member-all member-

statesstates • Referenda in France, Netherlands in 2005Referenda in France, Netherlands in 2005• Constitutional Treaty rejected in bothConstitutional Treaty rejected in both

Lisbon TreatyLisbon Treaty• Irish rejectIrish reject

The EU dilemmaThe EU dilemma No political will to go forward: a No political will to go forward: a

wider but shallower Europe?wider but shallower Europe? Reluctance to go backward – for Reluctance to go backward – for

somesome• Strains on EURO from meltdown, econ Strains on EURO from meltdown, econ

crisiscrisis Bottom line:Bottom line:

• World’s most successful peace orderWorld’s most successful peace order• Weak or ineffective international actorWeak or ineffective international actor

Domestic politicsDomestic politics

Uncertain welfare states:Uncertain welfare states: Questions of viabilityQuestions of viability Some retrenchment but Some retrenchment but

fundamentally intactfundamentally intact UK: from Thatcherism to New LabourUK: from Thatcherism to New Labour Problem of Problem of entitlement societiesentitlement societies

• Costly entitlements & guarantees for Costly entitlements & guarantees for mostmost

• Newcomers not fully includedNewcomers not fully included

Changing patterns of political Changing patterns of political cleavagecleavage

The Left:The Left:• Demise of Communist PartiesDemise of Communist Parties• Social DemocratsSocial Democrats

Parties intactParties intact Electoral base weakenedElectoral base weakened

• Fewer & fewer workersFewer & fewer workers Mission transformed: Mission transformed:

• Try to manage capitalismTry to manage capitalism• Try to preserve welfare statesTry to preserve welfare states

New Right Populist PartiesNew Right Populist Parties New political familyNew political family ‘‘Anti-’ partiesAnti-’ parties

• Anti-EUAnti-EU• Anti-immigrantAnti-immigrant• Anti-establishmentAnti-establishment

Support, often growing inSupport, often growing in• France: Jean Marie Le Pen France: Jean Marie Le Pen Front NationaleFront Nationale• Austria: JAustria: Jörg Haidar’s FPÖ (Freedom Party)örg Haidar’s FPÖ (Freedom Party)• Netherlands (List Pim Fortuyn; Freedom PartyNetherlands (List Pim Fortuyn; Freedom Party• Scandinavia (Progress Parties, New DemocracyScandinavia (Progress Parties, New Democracy• Italy (National Alliance, Lega NordItaly (National Alliance, Lega Nord

Sources of supportSources of support

Annoyance with big state?Annoyance with big state? Immigrants and immigrationImmigrants and immigration Strains of multiculturalismStrains of multiculturalism

• Former sending societies have become Former sending societies have become receiving societiesreceiving societies

• Colonies come home (UK, France)Colonies come home (UK, France)• ‘‘Guest’ workers (Guest’ workers (gastarbeiter)gastarbeiter) stay stay• New immigrantsNew immigrants

Asylum seekersAsylum seekers Illegal migrantsIllegal migrants

What the new right is and is notWhat the new right is and is not

Anti-parties -- anti-establishmentAnti-parties -- anti-establishment Yet, increasingly mainstreamYet, increasingly mainstream Not (necessarily) anti-democraticNot (necessarily) anti-democratic Not always able to governNot always able to govern Signaling function?Signaling function?

• Whistle-blowers? Whistle-blowers? • Bearers of bad news? Bearers of bad news?

Europe in the 21Europe in the 21stst Century Century

Different than Europe in 1900 or Different than Europe in 1900 or 19141914• ProsperousProsperous• More unitedMore united• Unlikely to go to warUnlikely to go to war

Is there a spectre haunting Europe?Is there a spectre haunting Europe?• Not the organized working classNot the organized working class• Islam?Islam?

Final examFinal exam

Friday, April 17Friday, April 17thth

3-5:00 p.m.3-5:00 p.m. LocationLocation

• SN3042SN3042