Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium – National Aerospace Laboratory NLR

European Aerospace Competitiveness: Successes and Challenges Fred Abbink, President of CEAS (Rtrd Gen Dir NLR)

Content

1. Introduction

2. Requirements for competitive European Aerospace

3. Present status of the European Aerospace • Space • Air Transport System • Air Defense System • Aerospace Industry • Education and Training • Research Infrastructure

4. Vision for the European Aerospace

5. Actions to be taken to meet the European Aerospace Challenges

Survival of the Fittest

Survival of the Fittest

Adapt to survive

Charles Darwin: The Origin of Species (1859)

“It is not the strongest of the species, nor the most intelligent that survives.

It is the one that is the most adaptable to change.”

Survival of the Fittest

World War 2: new technology development

Jet-propelled, swept-wing fighter aircraft

Ballistic missiles and unmanned aircraft and ground-air and air-ground weapons

Crypto radio communication and digital computers

Ground surveillance radar and airborne radar

Synthetic fuel

Nuclear weapons

Survival of the Fittest

Civil Air Transport Development

Global Standardisation and growth:

ICAO

IATA

FAA

ATC, radar, radio navigation, and landing systems

Transatlantic air transport

Jet airliners

Wide-body FBW jet airliners

Environmental restrictions

Survival of the Fittest

Major Global Changes

End of Cold War, Peace Dividend,

“From one Bear to Many Snakes”

Global Terrorism (9/11, Madrid, London, Moscow)

Climate Change (Kyoto, IPCC, Kopenhagen)

Increasing energy costs and limited resources

Globalizing of the economy (China, India, Brazil)

Growth of the European Union

Financial crisis

Survival of the Fittest

Development of the European Union

Milestones and enlargement of EU 1952 European Coal and Steel Community (6 members) 1957 Treaty of Rome (EEC, ECSG, Euratom) 1986 Single European Act (12 members) 1993 Maastricht Treaty (EC, CFSP, PJCC, JHA) 2007 Growth to 27 members 2009 Lisbon Treaty (EU) 2013 Growth to 28 members

European achievements Single European Market Single Outer Border (Schengen) Single Currency (Euro) European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) European Defence Agency (EDA) ESA, ArianeSpace MeteoSat, GMES, EUSC and Galileo Single European Sky (SES) European Framework Programmes JUs Clean Sky and SESAR

2) Requirements for a Competitive European Aerospace

A competitive access to space

A competitive air transport system

An effective and efficient air force

A competitive aerospace industry

A qualified and experienced workforce

An effective and efficient RDT&E system

Survival of the Fittest

Requirements for a Competitive European Aerospace

A competitive European access to space Cost-effective launchers, research and operations

A competitive European air transport system: Competitive airline, airports and ANSP

An effective and efficient European Air Force: Effective and efficient military aircraft, airbases and training

A competitive European Industry: Competitive Technology, Design, Manufacturing, Certification and MRO

A qualified and experienced workforce: Efficient and effective European Education and Training Efficient and effective Aerospace Societies

An effective and efficient European RDT&E system: Cost-effective Research, Technology development, Test and

Evaluation personnel and facilities

Survival of the Fittest

Consolidation of the European Aerospace: Access to Space and Space Operations

European Space Launchers, Research and Operations 1962 ELDO/ESRO

– 1967 ESOC Darmstadt GE – 1968 ESTEC Noordwijk NL

1973 ESRO-NASA Agreement on Spacelab 1975 ESA 1980 ArianeSpace 1986 Eumetsat 1998 GMES/Copernicus 1998 ISS (with NASA, JAXA, CSA & Roscosmos) 2002 EU Satellite Center, Torrejon SP 2003 Galileo

Survival of the Fittest

Consolidation of the European Aerospace: Air Transport System (1)

European Airline Consolidation

International Airlines Group

– 1974 BOAC, BEA, Cambrian Airways and Northeast Airways merged into British Airways

– 1987 BA privatised and acquired British Caledonian – 1992 BA acquired Dan Air – 2012 BA acquired British Midlands International – 2011 BA Merged with Iberia into Intl Airlines Group

Air France-KLM

– 2004 Merger between Air France and KLM

Lufthansa

– 2005 Lufthansa acquired Swissair – 2009 Strategic partnership with Brussels Airlines – 2009 Lufthansa acquired Austrian Airlines

Survival of the Fittest

Consolidation of the European Aerospace: Air Transport System (2)

Cost-effective, adequate capacity airports

European Air Traffic Management Cooperation Eurocontrol

– Founded in 1960, has 40 Member States plus EU – Central User Charges Office – 1972 Maastricht Upper Air Control (MUAC)

MUAC provides ATM above 24.500 ft for NL, BE, Lux and NW GE

– 1995 CFMU-Network Manager Network Manager provides a.o. Flow and Capacity Mngmnt Eurocontrol Experimental Center (EEC) in Bretigny FR

Single European Sky, FABs, FABEC, SESAR – 2001 European Commission decision SES – 2008 Revision of the SES decisions (SES II)

Survival of the Fittest

Survival of the Fittest

Single European Sky: Comparison USA and Europe

900 movements per controller

$380 ATM cost / flight

ATM airspace: 9,8 mio. km²

USA

1 ATC-organisations (civil + mil.)

21 en-route centre

1 operating systems

480 movements per controller

$667 ATM cost / flight

Europe

ATM airspace: 10,5 mio. km²

47 ATC-organisations (civil + mil.)

58 en-route centre

22 operating systems

Study: EUROCONTROL 2003

Belgium, France, Germany,

Switzerland and The Netherlands

Integration of 6 large

international hubs

FABEC will be operational in 2012

FABEC

FABEC Airspace: 1,7 mio. sq km

Consolidation of the European Aerospace: Air Defence System

European Air Force Cooperation 1995 European Air Group (EAG) Association of Air Forces of 7 Member Nations

(BE, FR, GE, IT, NL, SP UK) 2010 European Air Transport Command Aerial Refueling Military air transport

Common use of aircraft European aircraft: Typhoon, Tornado, Mirage 2000, Gripen,

Harrier II, NH90, Tigre, C-160, C-27, CN-235, A400 US aircraft: F-16, F/A-18, F-35, C-130, KC 135, AH-64, CH-47 Russian Aircraft: MiG-21, MiG-29, An-26

Survival of the Fittest

Consolidation of the European Aerospace: Aerospace Industry (1)

National Consolidation/Champions and Joint Ventures

1970 Consolidation into Airbus

Survival of the Fittest

Survival of the Fittest

Consolidation of the European Aerospace: Aerospace Industry (2)

Joint Ventures between the National Champions

Eurofighter NH90

European consolidation Bae Systems Rolls Royce Safran Agusta Westland MBDA Thales Finmeccanica Dassault Saab

Airbus Group Airbus Airbus Helicopters Airbus Defence and Space

Consolidation of the European Aerospace: Education

European University Cooperation 1998 Partnership of a European Group of

Aeronautics and Space Universities (PEGASUS) – 24 universities in FR, UK, GE, IT, NL, SP, SW, CZ & PO

2008 European Aeronautical Science Network (EASN) – European platform in order to structure, support

and upgrade the research activities of the European Aeronautics Universities

European Aerospace Society Cooperation 1993 Confederation of European Aerospace Societies (CEAS) 2005 Council of European Aerospace Societies (CEAS) 12 Member Societies with 34.000 individual members

–Quarterly CEAS Bulletin – Refereed Aeronautical and Space Journals –General and Specialist Conferences

Survival of the Fittest

European Aerospace Consolidation; Efficient and Effective RDT&E System

European Research and Research Establishments 1952 AGARD (NATO) 1973 GARTEUR (GE, FR, IT, NL, SP, SW, UK) 1975 DNW (GE-NL) 1988 ETW (GE-NL-FR-UK) 1993 EREA (GE, NL, FR, SP, IT, SW, PO, RO, CZ)

European FrameWork Programs 1992-1994 FWP 3 1995-1998 FWP 4 1999-2002 FWP 5 2003-2006 FWP 6 2006-2013 FWP 7 2014-2020 Horizon 2020

EU Joint Undertakings 2007-2013 SESAR and Clean Sky

Survival of the Fittest

2007-2017 Clean Sky 1: Integrated Program Structure

Survival of the Fittest

2014-2020 Clean Sky 2: An increased ambition

Survival of the Fittest

4) Many European Vision Documents, but “a vision without a plan is a dream”

Survival of the Fittest

5) Challenges and Actions to meet the requirements for European Aerospace Competitiveness

Continuation of Clean Sky to consolidate the aeronautical industrial technology development and demonstration

Strengthening the European Air Transport System

Stimulation of the realisation of a Joint European Aerospace Research and Testing Infrastructure

Stimulation of the integration of the European aerospace university system and of the consolidation of the European Aerospace Societies

Strengthening political will of the 28 EU Member States to: Reshape the National Sovereignties into a European Sovereignty Reshape the European Airspace, ATM infrastructure and Air Navigation

Service Provision Jointly acquire and operate military materiel

Survival of the Fittest