european architecture through the centuries ari ball
TRANSCRIPT
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European Architecture through the Centuries
Ari Ball
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Renaissance Architecture
During the Renaissance more secular buildings became popular.The Roman Classics became a primary reference at this pointArchitects made the transition from being skilled laborer to artists
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Characteristics of Renaissance Architecture
Emphasis on symmetryColumnsArchesDomes Reference to the classicsAedicule
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Filippo Brunelleschi
Brunelleschi was considered the first renaissance architect.Helped engineer the dome of the
Florence Cathedral. Style spread
quickly.
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Influencing Europe
Florence- soon spreading to the rest of ItalyFrance- brought major Italian architects to influence their architectural styleSoon followed by Germany, England, and Russia
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Forms of Renaissance Architecture
ElizabethanRomanesqueMannerismFrench Renaissance ArchitecturePalladian ArchitectureTudor Architecture
Note: I will elaborate on the most commonly used throughout the PowerPoint
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Elizabethan Architecture
During Elizabeth I reign Characterized by Dutch gable and Flemish strap work Can be seen on Wolltan Hall and Burghley HouseEnglish Renaissance style
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Romanesque Architecture Transition from Renaissance to Gothic stylesPopular Norman style
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Characteristics of Romanesque Architecture
Reference to the Roman style of buildingArches that would influence Gothic styleMost popular in the Netherlands Can be seen in the Plan of Saint Gall Church
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Gothic Architecture
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Characteristics of Gothic Architecture
Pointed archesFlying buttressesRibbed vaultMainly used in Cathedrals and castles Can be found in universities, churches, and town halls
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Abbot Suger
Friend of Louis VI and VIIAsked to rebuild Church of Saint- Denis Said to be the first
church built in the Gothic style
Completed with rose windows, large pointed arches, ribbed vaults and flying buttresses.
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Religious Support of Gothic Architecture
The spiritual Benedictine’sCistercian Orders in FranceFranciscans- “Grey Friars”The Dominicans
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Mannerist Architecture
Led to Baroque style- has the same characteristicsPeriod marked with works by Michelangelo, Giulio Romano, Baldassare Peruzzi, and Andrea Palladio.
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Baroque Architecture
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Characteristics of Baroque Architecture
Visible statement of wealth and powerTheatricalLinked to Counter ReformationBaroque- ‘mis-shapen pearl’High alters and chapels
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Baroque and the Church
Pope Urban VIIIInnocent XAlexander VII
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Rococo Architecture
Appeared first in FranceArranged in “organized chaos”
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Characteristics of Rococo Architecture
Organic based objectsLight Delicate colorsRippling surfacesOften used in interior design
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Revival Architecture
18th and 19th century expansionMarks the growth of the Roman Catholic ChurchBecame popular with the growth of industrialization and the need for more churches and cathedrals.
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Characteristics of Revival Architecture
Drawing from the previous forms of architectureOften used in rebuilding or remodelingMostly used when constructing new churches
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Modern Architecture
Ideals of ModernismDraw from previous popular formsMore practical in comparison
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Characteristics of Modern Architecture
FunctionalFormal shapesSymbolic values of the classicsSpaciousDiverse
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Architectural Changes in Cities
Society was agriculturally based throughout until the Industrial RevolutionsDuring the 18th and 19th centuries change to more industrialized cities and the move out to suburbs would occur
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References
Department of European Paintings. "Architecture in Renaissance Italy". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–.
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/itar/hd_itar.htm (October 2002
Matthews, Kevin. "Baroque Architecture ." Greatbuildings.com. ArtificeInc, 1998. Web. 25 Mar 2011.
“Rococo Architecture." www.artsz.org. Página web Realizada con el Patrocinio de la Cámara de Comercio e Industria de Madrid, 02/08/2008. Web. 25 Mar 2011.
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References continued
"Gothic Revival architecture." The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia®. 2005. Columbia University Press 25 Mar. 2011
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Gothic+Revival +architecture
“Baroque Revival architecture." The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition. 1970-1979. The Gale Group, Inc. 26 Mar. 2011
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Gothic+Revival+architecture