1. Era of European Exploration1500-1600God, Gold, GloryGod- spread ChristianityGold-find gold for the countryGlory- receive recognition for exploration in New World

2. Europe Eyes the Americas Christopher Columbus lived during a timewhen Spain was at war and many peoplewere in poverty. Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand paidfor Columbus to go on an expedition tofind a new passage to China.Expedition: a journey undertaken by a group of people with a definite purpose. 3. Christopher ColumbusKing Ferdinand andQueen Isabella of Spain 4. Columbus saw land and thought it wasthe Indies (Asia).He got off the boat and named thefriendly people indios.He wasnt in the IndiesHe was inwhat we now know as the Bahamas!He continued to sail on to find theriches he had promised the Spanishmonarch. 5. In 1492, COLUMBUS Sailedthe Ocean Blue Columbus believed that the earth was round. Hethought he could sail to Asia (referred to as theIndies) faster and easier by traveling westwardrather than eastward. He could then establish profitable routes to Asia.(He could trade along the way.) Queen Isabella thought this would be a great ideabecause it would establish trade with Asia ($) andwould help spread the Catholic faith. 6. On his voyages,Columbus established thefirst permanent colony onHispaniola (named SantoDomingo). Columbus did not findgold or the new passageto Asia, but his voyagesdid inspire others to seektheir fortunes in America. 7. COLUMBUSS FOUR VOYAGES 8. Columbuss Impact Is credited with discovering theAmericas Called the people he saw the Indios Established the first permanentcolony in the Americas on Hispanolaand called it Santo Domingo Co Columbuss voyages led to further Europeanexploration and colonization, foreverchanging the Americas. 9. Following Columbusslead, Spain establishedcolonies in the Caribbeanand Mexico. Reports ofriches drew the explorersnorth to Texas where theyestablished a successfulmission. 10. From 1492-1519, Spain focusedon establishing colonies in whatthey thought was the Indies. Spanish explorers heard therewere great civilizations in theinterior, which included greatwealth. Explorers looking for wealth wereknown as conquistadors. 11. Important Spanish Explorers: Hernando Cortes Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda Cabeza de Vaca/Estavanico (Esteban) Friar Marcos De Niza Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Hernando de Soto/Luis De Moscoso Alonso de Leon 12. Cortes conquered theHernando Aztecs easily because Corteshe had cannons, guns, and Indian allies Gained control of Mexico Cortes brought back gold and silver=Spanish leaders more eager to explore New Spain 13. Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda and Hernando Cortes Pinedas mission was to map the coastlineof the Gulf of Mexico and establish aSpanish colony. He was the first Europeanto explore and map the Texas coastline.Later, Cortes cut Pinedasjourney short. He sawPineda as a threat to hisjourney, so he arrested someof Pinedas men! 14. Panfilo de Narvaez In 1526, Narvaez was granted land fromFlorida to Mexico Went to meet his supply ships in Gulf they werent there. Hurricane caused all but 4 people to die De Vaca and Estavanico survived 15. Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca The survivors, DeVaca and Estevanico, fromthe 1528 hurricane beached at Galveston Bayand were captured by the Karankawas. At first, they were little more than slaves, butCabeza de Vaca learned to use native herbs forhealing and how to perform surgery After 18 months, de Vaca and Estevanico(firstAfrican in Texas), were able to escape 16. As a result of the capture, Cabeza deVaca and his men became the firstEuropeans to see the interior of Texas. He also told of the legends of the 7 citiesof Cibola that he had heard from theNative Americans. These tales excited the Spanish officials. 17. Cabeza de Vaca He also wrote about his life with the Native Americans in a work of literature called La relacion. This was the first written work of Texas literature. 18. The Search for the 7 Cities of Gold Fray Marcos led an expedition to the north tofind the 7 cities of Cibola. Estevanico was ordered to be the guide. Estevanico and a few others marched aheadand reported back to that they had found one ofthe cities. As the rest of the group caught up, they heardthat Estevanico had been killed by the ZuniIndians who lived in the city called Cibola. In spite of the tragedy, Fray Marcos pressed on. 19. The Search Continues When they arrived at the golden city, they sawthe buildings shimmering in the sun. In reality, the buildings were made of adobewhich sparkled as the sun shone upon it. Not realizing the city was adobe and not gold,Fray Marcos returned to Mexico with news ofgolden cities. Excitement abounded and a larger expeditionwas formed. 20. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Coronado was commissioned to find theselegendary Seven Cities of Cibola.Coronadoand his menbecame thefirstEuropeans tosee WestTexas andPalo DuroCanyon. 21. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Coronado was the leaderof the 2nd and the largestexpedition for 7 cities ofCibola. Fray Marcos went alongas the guide. Coronado felt ashamednot like a conquerorwhen he killed the ZuniIndians and realized therewas no gold. 22. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado He refused to give up his quest for gold. He met a native named El Turco (the Turk) whotold stories of a place farther east called Quivira. It supposedly had fabulous riches. Coronado searched for Quivira and never found it. He had El Turco killed when he found out that theTurk lied to him. Not wanting to return with no riches, he thentraveled across Texas, New Mexico and Arizonalooking for the Seven Cities of Cibola. 23. Coronados Report Coronados report to the Spanish officialsstated that the land was harsh, but that it wassimilar to parts of Spain. He was impressed by the possible wealth in thehuge herds of buffalo. He stated that no riches could be found, so theland was of little use to the Spaniards. He also told about how the Native Americanshad lied about the golden cities to get theSpaniards off of their land and leave them inpeace. 24. and Luis de Moscoso While Coronado searched for Cibola andQuivira, Spain sent another expedition insearch of gold. Hernando de Sotos expedition also didnot find any gold, but they explored EastTexas and encountered the Caddos They were the first exploration into theinterior of North America. 25. De Soto explored present-day Georgia, theCarolinas, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, andArkansas.When he and his expedition reached theMississippi River, they were discouraged andrunning out of supplies. They turned back home.De Soto never made it back home. He died of anillness. His successor, Luis de Moscoso deAlvarado set out to find an overland route back toMexico. 26. Spains Interest in Texas Declines It was almost 60 years before another Spanishexpedition was sent into Texas. This expedition was the sent because an Englishexplorer named Sir Francis Drake came to exploreAmerica. In 1610 the Spanish sent Juan de Onate to establishthe colony of Santa Fe in New Mexico. For around 75 years, few other Spanish explorersentered the land of Texas. 27. Results of the Expeditions1. Spain had a strong claim to TX land as a result of the expeditions.2. Knowledge of the land saw and mapped much of TX3. Spain still decided not to settle. no gold, etc. Indian problems / raids too far from other Spanish settlements (in current dayMexico) land was too dry and rugged there were no large cities to conquer4. Texas was used as a barrier between New Spain and violent Indians and other advancing countries. 28. Spain Establishes Missions To compete with other nationsand to make a name forthemselves, they establishedseveral missions in theAmericas. A mission is a settlementfounded to spreadChristianity to thepeople of the area.rootsweb.com/~txgenweb/ postcards/SanAntonio.html 29. Spain Establishes Missions The first mission in Texas was near ElPaso (Corpus Christi de la Ysleta). The purpose of this mission was tospread Christianity to NativeAmericans in the area. The mission was asuccess and morewere to come.anderson.mine.nu/.../ 2000texastrip.htm 30. French Ambitions (France and Spain are European rivals) The French wanted to competewith Spains quest for riches. They couldnt get them withoutclaiming the land. 31. The French ExploreTexas The international competition for landin the New World was intense. In 1682, La Salle mapped theMississippi River and claimed it, all ofthe lands it watered, and its branchesfor France. He called it La Louisiane (Louisiana). 32. King Louis XIV funded LaSalles nextadventure because he was impressedwith LaSalles ability to map the river. This adventure was to establish a colonynear the Mississippi River. LaSalle convinced the monarch that theFrench missionaries could teach theCatholic religion to the natives. He also stated that crops would grow wellin the regions rich soil. Most importantly, a French colony at themouth of the Mississippi River couldcontrol trade in the Gulf and the interior ofNorth America. 33. So, off he went. With 4 ships, 300 colonists, 100soldiers, and supplies. 34. The problem was One ship was captured bybuccaneers (pirates). One ship rebelled andreturned to France with supplies. One ship sank. 35. Also The maps that LaSalle used were correctconcerning latitude, but entirely wrongconcerning longitude. o. The longitude was off by 7 They missed the mouth of the MississippiRiver by 400 miles and ended upshipwrecked (hit sandbar) on MatagordaIsland near Galveston Bay in Texas. Which Native American tribe did theyencounter here? 36. Fort St. Louis La Salle established the first Frenchcolony in Texas near present-dayGarcitas Creek in Victoria County. The colony had trouble from thebeginning because they lost valuablesupplies at sea. They were helped for a while by theIndians, but fighting soon broke out. 37. FRENCH AND SPANISHCLAIMS ON NORTH AMERICA, 16821688 38. Why did the Natives turn against LaSalle and his men? The Native Americansfound the supplies thatwashed up on shore afterLa Belle sank. The French took thesupplies back withoutasking for them orexplaining whathappened. 39. Fort St. Louis La Salle tried to find a way back to the Mississippi River, but was unsuccessful. While he was gone, many of his men died from diseases and Indian attacks. The crops also began to fail and there was little food. Fort St. Louis failed, but thiscolony played upon Spanish fearsthat France would claim theAmericas for itself. Out of competition, the Spaniards renewed their exploration of the Gulf Coast Region. THE RACE WAS ON TO CONTROL TEXAS!!!!! 40. Results of LaSalles Adventure It gave France a weak claim to Texas. It presented a challenge to Spainsempire north of the Rio Grande. The Spanish realized that if they didnot build settlements in Texas, theFrench might gain control of theregion and they would not become theworlds greatest nation. 41. Consequencesfor the NativeAmericans www.rangerdj.com/ clipart/indian/indian.jpg Native Americans lived in Texas longbefore the Europeans explored there. The arrival of the Spanish and Frenchexplorers to Texas brought NativeAmericans severe consequences. Diseases such as smallpox killedthousands of Native Americans. 42. Europe Eyes theAmericasColumbus came to the NewWorld looking for gold and a new The French Explore Texastrade route to Asia. Although heSpains claims on Texas landsfound neither, his four voyagesprompted France to establish ainspired others to seek theirfortunes in the Americas. colony of its own. Although LaSalles Texas colony did notsurvive, Francespresence renewedSpains interest insettling Texas.Spanish ExplorersCome to TexasFollowing Columbuss lead, Spainestablished colonies in the Caribbean andMexico. Reports of riches drew theexplorers north to Texas where they 43. European ExploresColumbus?Launched the European exploration and colonization of AmericaCortes?Conquered (Aztecs) for SpainDeVaca?Explored Texas, captured/met Native Americans, and reported about in his bookRelacion.Estevanico?First African American in TexasCoronado?Explored the Southwest/ plains for Spain looking for riches = reported little valuefor Spain,named the settlement of AmarilloLaSalle?Established Fort St. Louis for French, failedPineda?Explored and mapped the Texas coast for SpainDeSoto/Moscoso?Expedition to East Texas, met Caddos 44. TIMELINE 149217001492 Columbus reaches the Americas1519 lvarez de Pieda explores Gulf Coast of Texas1537 Cabeza de Vaca reports on Texas1541 Coronado leads expedition intoTexas1542 De SotoMoscoso expedition reachesEast1610 Juan de Oate establishes Santa FeTexas1682 Spaniards establish the first Texas mission, Corpus Christi de laYsleta1685 La Salle establishes Fort St. Louis