european geosciences union general assembly 2011 vienna, austria, 3 – 8 april 2011
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European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2011 Vienna, Austria, 3 – 8 April 2011. IMPROVING HYDRAULIC MODELLING USING REMOTE SENSING-DERIVED FLOOD EXTENT DATA. A. Tarpanelli , L. Brocca, S. Barbetta, F . Melone and T. Moramarco - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011
Vienna, Austria, 3 – 8 April 2011
IMPROVING HYDRAULIC MODELLING USING REMOTE SENSING-DERIVED
FLOOD EXTENT DATA
A. Tarpanelli, L. Brocca, S. Barbetta, F. Melone and T. Moramarco
National Research Council, Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological ProtectionVia Madonna Alta 126, 06128 Perugia, Italy
E-mail: [email protected]
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
Introduction Purpose Method Study Area Results Conclusions
a preliminary flood risk assessment
flood hazard maps and flood risk maps
flood risk management plans
European directive 2007/60/EC on the assessment and management of flood risk:
Evaluation of flood prone areas
Use of coupled hydrologic and hydraulic models for real-time applications (such as flood risk mitigation and warning activities)
uncertainties in modelling, observations and output
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
Introduction Purpose Method Study Area Results Conclusions
- TerraSAR-X- COSMO SkyMed - Radarsat-2 SpotLight
REMOTE SENSING
SPACE-BORNE MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING
SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR (SAR)
integration within the hydraulic modelling
nearly all-weather, day and night capabilities
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
Introduction Purpose Method Study Area Results Conclusions
RIVER IMAGES EVENTS TOPICS AUTHORS
SEVERN (England)
SEVERN (England)
DEE (England)
THAMES(England)
ALZETTE (Luxembourg)
PO (Italy)
4 ASAR (ERS)
1 TERRASAR-X
1 ASAR (75m)1 SAR (12.5m)
1 SAR (12.5m)
1 SAR (12.5m)
1 ASAR (75m)
November 2000
July 2007
December 2006
December 1992
January 2003
June 2008
Flooded Area
Flooded Urban Area
Flooded Area
Flooded Area
Water Level assimilation
Flooded AreaWater level
Horritt et al., HYP, 2007
Mason et al., IEEE, 2010
Schumann and DiBaldassarre, Rsletter, 2010
Mason et al., JoH, 2009
Schumann et al., IEEE, 2007
DiBaldassarre et al., HYP2009
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
Introduction Purpose Method Study Area Results Conclusions
SEVERN (England)
SEVERN (England)
DEE (England)
THAMES(England)
ALZETTE (Luxembourg)
PO (Italy)
4 ASAR (ERS)
1 TERRASAR-X
1 ASAR (75m)1 SAR (12.5m)
1 SAR (12.5m)
1 SAR (12.5m)
1 ASAR (75m)
November 2000
July 2007
December 2006
December 1992
January 2003
June 2008
Flooded Area
Flooded Urban Area
Flooded Area
Flooded Area
Water Level assimilation
Flooded AreaWater level
Horritt et al., HYP, 2007
Mason et al., IEEE, 2010
Schumann and DiBaldassarre, Rsletter, 2010
Mason et al., JoH, 2009
Schumann et al., IEEE, 2007
DiBaldassarre et al., HYP2009
RIVER IMAGES EVENTS TOPICS AUTHORS
SEVERN RIVER
Width channel: 70 mWidth floodplain: 2 km Area= 6850 km2
DEE RIVER
Width channel: 60 mWidth floodplain: 200 m-2 km
ALZETTE RIVER
Width channel: 20 mWidth floodplain: 300 mArea = 404 km2
THAMES RIVER
Width channel: 60 mWidth floodplain: 1 – 2 km
PO RIVER
Width channel: 200-300 mWidth floodplain: 400 m-4 km
Introduction Purpose Method Study Area Results Conclusions
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
To evaluate the potential of low resolution ASAR image for the calibration of hydraulic modelling applied to a small basin (~90 km2) in Central Italy
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
Flooding area assessment by coupling hydrologic and hydraulic modelling1
Flooding area extent by ASAR image2Calibration of Manning by comparing
flooding area inferred by hydraulic model and the one obtained by ASAR3
Validation of Manning by using in-situ discharge records4
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
RAINFALL-RUNOFF
MODELHYDRAULIC SIMULATIONS
Generally, the procedure for the estimation of flooded areas is defined through three different levels of analysis:
1data acquisition into a Geographic Information System (GIS) of the geomorphologic characteristics of the basin, the geometric properties of the river branches and the hydro-meteorological quantities. 2 3hydraulic analysis
addressed to flooding area estimation.
hydrological analysis aimed to estimate the design discharge hydrograph of the tributaries
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
Hydro-meteorological data
Geometric and hydraulic properties of river reaches and flooding prone areas (topographical surveys, laser scanning surveys, inspections)
Historical flood events
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
Geomorphological characteristics of the basin (Geolithological map, soil map, land cover map)
-50 0 50 100 150250
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marker 2
marker 3marker 1
quot
a (m
s.l.
m.)
distanza (m)
Ponte su Stradain Loc. Villa Capitini
Larghezza = 5.60 ml.
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
1jj,0 QY
ijY
kjY
i ijj QQ
Output discharge hydrograph
ROUTING MODEL
Routing Diffusive Function
Yij Qij
LUMPED MODEL for SUB-BASINS DRAINING DIRECTLY into the CHANNEL
Rainfall Infiltration
Infiltration model
IUH Linear Reservoir
Direct discharge
hydrograph Ykj
Effective Rainfall
LUMPED MODEL for SUB-BASIN with the
OUTLET along the MAIN CHANNEL Rainfall Infiltration
Infiltration model
GIUH
Direct discharge
hydrograph Yij
Effective Rainfall
RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL
Semi-distributed conceptual
model,MISD model
(Corradini et al., 1995)
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
One-dimensional modellingMIKE11
HYDRAULIC SIMULATIONS
the model simulates the flow propagation along rivers and channels
networks
the steady and unsteady flow conditions are
described solving the De Saint Venant equations through an implicit, finite
differences scheme known as “double sweep method” (Abbott and Ionescu, 1986)
some available tools, such as link channels and flood cells, allow to develop a “quasi two-dimensional”
approach able to represent properly the embankments overflow and the water
propagation over the floodplains
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
One-dimensional modellingMIKE11
HYDRAULIC SIMULATIONS
FLOODED AREA
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
FLOODED AREA
Visual interpretation(Oberstadler et al., 1997)
Histogram threshold method(Deshmukh and Shinde, 2005)
Histogram texture variance(Sali and Wolfson, 1992)
Euclidean distance(Kokare et al., 2003)
HTV
HT
ED
VI
IMAGE-PROCESSINGTECHNIQUES Bates et al., JoH, 2006Schumann et al., IEEE, 2009Di Baldassarre et al., JoH, 2009
FLOODING AREA FROM ASAR IMAGE
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
FLOOD INUNDATION MAPS
HYDRAULIC MODEL ASAR IMAGE
MANNING CALIBRATION
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
GENNA RIVER
BASIN CHARACTERISTICSTotal Area = 92 km2
Mean slope = 9.73%Length main channel = 20 km
Mean annual precipitation = 1100 mmMean channel width = 15 m
Floodplains width= 50 - 350 m
Implementation of hydrological and hydraulic models1
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
GENNA RIVER
A Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is available at a resolution of 3 m
Water channel bathymetry was characterized from a survey consisting of 84 cross sections (~1 every 250 m) conducted in 2007 by CNR
Survey of 14 bridges is conducted in 2007 by CNR
Ponte su Via Settevalliin Loc. M.na della Misericordia
Larghezza = 7.60 ml.
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
ENVISAT ASAR image 75 m resolution acquired on 28th November 2010 at 20:55
Trasimeno Lake
Genna River
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
Extraction of flood extent areas from ASAR image2
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
ASAR IMAGE CHANGE DETECTION
November 28, 2010 November 28, 2010
November 25, 2010
The images were first geo-referenced.
The four image processing techniques to extract the flooded area
were applied
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
0.0
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n ch
anne
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n floodplainASARImage
Change detection
Comparison between flood inundation maps3
HTV HT
ED VI
HTV HT
ED VI
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
ASAR IMAGE F1 values
HTV HT
ED VI
HTV HT
ED VI
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
ASAR IMAGE F2 values
HTV HT
ED VI
HTV HT
ED VI
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
CHANGE DETECTION F1 values
HTV HT
ED VI
HTV HT
ED VI
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
CHANGE DETECTION F2 values
HTV HT
ED VI
HTV HT
ED VI
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
F1 – Histogram Threshold
n channel
n floodplain
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
Optimum Manning’s values: 0.045 m-1/3 for the channel
0.060 m-1/3 for the floodplain
Validation with in situ observation4
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
n channel n floodplainimage 0.04 0.09
change detection 0.05 0.07
in-situ calibration 0.045 0.06
DISCHARGE WATER LEVELObserved Observed
in-situ calibration in-situ calibration
F1 – Histogram Threshold
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
• The possibility to calibrate hydraulic modelling by using low resolution ASAR image even for a small basin has been addressed
• The visual interpretation and histogram threshold are found to be the two best techniques for deriving flooded area
• The estimated manning coefficient for the channel and floodplain are in good accordance with the ones estimated by using in situ observation.
• Future work will incorporate the uncertainty in deriving flooded area from both satellite image and hydraulic models.
• Moreover, we will wait for high resolution satellite images products (TerraSAR-X, COSMO-Sky-Med) with revisit time of a few hours!!! They are welcome!
Introduction Purposes Method Study Area Results Conclusions
National Research CouncilResearch Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection
European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2011Vienna, Austria, 03 – 08 April 2011
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Bates, P.D., Wilson, M.D., Horritt, M.S., Mason, D.C., Holden, N., Currie, A., 2006. Reach scale floodplain inundation dynamics observed using airborne synthetic aperture radar imagery: data analysis and modelling . Journal of Hydrology, 328 (1-2), 306-318.Corradini, C., Melone, F., Ubertini, L., 1995. A semi-distributed model for direct runoff estimate, Proc. IASTED International Conference, Modeling and Simulation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, April 27-29 1995; 541-545.Deshmukh, K.S., Shinde, G.N., 2005. An adaptive color image segmentation. Electronic Letters on Computer Vision and Image Analysis, 5 (4), 12-23.Di Baldassarre G., Schumann, G., Bates, P.D., 2009. A technique for the calibration of hydraulic models using uncertain satellite observations of flood extent. Journal of Hydrology, 367, 276–282.Di Baldassarre, G., Schumann, G., Bates, P.D., 2009. Near real time satellite imagery to support and verify timely flood modelling. Hydrological Processes, doi: 10.1002/hyp.7229.Horritt, M.S., Di Baldassarre, G., Bates, P.D., Brath, A., 2007. Comparing the performance of 2-D finite element and finite volume models of floodplain inundation using airborne SAR imagery. Hydrological Processes 21, 2745-2759 (ISSN: 0885-6087)Kokare, M. Chatterji, B.N., Biswas, P.K., 2003. Comparison of similarity metrics for texture image retrieval. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 10th Conference on Convergent Technologies for Asia-Pacific Region, October 2003, vol.2. IEEE, Bangalore, India, pp. 571-575.Mason, D.C., Bates, P.D., Dall’ Amico, J.T., 2009. Calibration of uncertain flood inundation models using remotely sensed water levels
Journal of Hydrology, Volume 368 (1-4), 224-236.Mason D.C., Speck, R., Devereux, B., Schumann, G., Neal, J.C., Bates, P.D., 2010. Flood detection in Urban Areas Using TerraSAR-
X, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 48 (2), 882-894.Oberstadler, R., Hnsch, H., Huth, D., 1997. Assessment of the mapping capabilities of ERS-1 SAR data for flood mapping: a case study in Germany. Hydrological Processes 10, 1415-1425.Sali , E., Wolfson, H., 1992. Texture classification in aerial photographs and satellite data. Internationsl Journa of Remote Sensing 13, 3395-3408.Schumann, G., Hostache, R., Puech, C., Hoffman, L., Matgen, P., Pappenberger, F., Pfister, L.,2007. High-resolution 3D flood information from radar imagery for flood hazard management. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 45 (6), 1715-1725.Schumann, G., Di Baldassarre, G., Bates, P.D., 2009. The utility of space-borne radar to render maps of observed possibility of inundation. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 45 (6), 1715-1725.Schumann, G. and Di Baldassarre, G.(2010) 'The direct use of radar satellites for event-specific flood risk mapping', Remote Sensing
Letters, 1(2), 75-84. DOI: 10.1080/01431160903486685