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Agroforestry: a tool to increase grazing
resources
María Rosa Mosquera-Losada
Crop Production Department
University of Santiago de Compostela
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Agroforestry
• Definition
• Ecointensification: Increasing production
optimizing spatial resources use
• Ecointensification: Increasing production
optimizing temporal resources use
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Agroforestry
• Definition
• Ecointensification: Increasing production
optimizing spatial resources use
• Ecointensification: Increasing production
optimizing temporal resources use
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LivestockCrop/forage
Woody
(tree or shrub)
Man
CLIMATE SOIL
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Providing solutions: understanding
what agroforestry is
AGRICULTURE FOREST
ARABLE PERMANENT GRASSLAND PERMANENT CROP
Tree density
AGROFORESTRY
Deliverate integration of woody perennials and an agricultural product
from the lowerstorey (Annex 1)
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Silvopasture Brief description
19.5 Million ha
10% EU potential area
Woody + forage and animal production
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Silvopasture Brief description
19.5 Million ha
10% EU potential area
Woody + forage and animal production
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Agroforestry
• Definition
• Ecointensification: Increasing production
optimizing spatial resources use
• Ecointensification: Increasing production
optimizing temporal resources use
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40% increase
(20-80%)
0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 400 10 20 30 40
020
4060
80100
Agriculture Agroforestry Forestry
% o
f inc
omin
g ra
diat
ion
Year
WalnutWheatNot used
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BIOLOGICAL BASIS
• Better use of the grazing resources:
Aerial level Soil level
INCREASE BIOMASS PRODUCTION PER UNIT OF LAND:
High employment rate
Challenges:
a) Best combinations to increase farm profit
b) Obtain higher profit from the value chain
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Agroforestry
• Definition
• Ecointensification: Increasing production
optimizing spatial resources use
• Ecointensification: Increasing production
optimizing temporal resources use
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MEDITERRANEAN ARID (0,2-2 t MS/ha)
MEDITERRÁNEAN HUMID (5-10 t MS/ha)
SOUTH ATLANTIC (10-15 t MS/ha)
ATLANTIC
(6-15 t MS/ha)
Component Pasture
GRASSLAND GROWTH RATE
Temperature
Precipitation
DROUGHTWINT SPR SUM AUTUM
N
Kg /ha a
nd d
ía
GRASSLAND GROWTH RATE
COULDCOULDCOLD
DROUGHT
COUDK
g /ha a
nd d
ía
WINT SPR SUM AUTUMN
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Agroforestry systems: a land use option to enhance productive, environment
and social benefits
Acid soils
Water pH < 4.5
Basic soils
Water pH > 8
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Extending grazing season: end of spring
BiodiversityResilience
Adaptation:
Drought
Flooding
Climate Smart Agriculture
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Using legumes in spring
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Using legumes in summer
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Using legumes in summer
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Using fruits in atumn
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Using forestland in
autumn/winter
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Reducing extreme events impact
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Measures related to ExamplesCropland management AgroforestryGrazing management and pasture improvement Preventing Grassland to Cropland
conversion to native vegetation Increasing productivity Improving nutrient management Introducing more appropriate species,
in particular deep rooted species
Forest activities Afforestation and reforestation Conservation of C in existing forest Enhancing production in existingforests Increasing harvested wood products Enhancing forest management(optimize species composition, tending, thinning and soil conservation)
Preventing deforestationStrengthening protection against natural disturbances such as fire, pest and storms
Substitution GHG intensive energy feedstock and materials with harvested wood products
EU indicative measures that may be included in the information on
LULUCF actions submitted pursuant to article 10(2)(d) (Decision
529/2013/EU) and may relate to Agroforestry
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Conclusions
* Agroforestry is an excellent tool
to extend grazing season in both
agriculture and forest lands
* There is a good opportunity to
mitigate and adapt to climate
change and make grazing
systems more resilient by using
Agroforestry
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Conclusions
*Adequate design of policies
(research, learning, innovation)
should be delivered in order to
take advantage of Agroforestry
practices to combat climate
change for grazing systems