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European Studbook (ESB)

White spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari)

(as of 1 September 2010)

Studbook keeper:

Max Janse, Burgers’ Zoo, The Netherlands.

[email protected]

1st edition. September 2010.

2

White spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari)

1st

Edition

Information on organization of the studbook

European Studbook Keeper: Max Janse

Burgers’ Zoo

Antoon van Hooffplein 1, 6816 SH Arnhem

The Netherlands [email protected]

International Studbook Keeper: None

Studbook keepers in other regions: None

Abstract

This is the first European studbook of white spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari Hermann, 1793). In

March 2010 the studbook has been started. Eight public aquaria participate within the studbook. The

number of living animals within the studbook is 11,10. In the last 20 years 52 animals have been kept in

Europe, which are registered in the studbook. Possibly more animals have been imported into Europe

within that period. A few aquaria outside of Europe have bred with this species. In Europe only Arnhem

has bred until now, resulting in 6 young from two different mothers animals. All other animals within this

studbook originate from the wild. The historic population show a high mortality (46%) in the 1st

year of

captivity due to overall stress, feeding problems and health problems. Also compatibility problems with

large sharks have been encountered. The species became more popular in Europe from 1998 onwards due

to a drastic increase of large public aquaria, availability, increasing husbandry and transportation

knowledge and due to its charismatic character.

3

Table of contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................................................. 2

Table of contents ............................................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 3

Species background ....................................................................................................................................... 4

Taxonomy of the species ....................................................................................................................... 4

Distribution of the species ..................................................................................................................... 5

Status of the species in the wild ............................................................................................................ 5

Status and development of the European studbook ..................................................................................... 5

Captive population ......................................................................................................................................... 6

Parasitic problems ................................................................................................................................. 8

Publications .................................................................................................................................................... 8

General action for the year 2011 and later ................................................................................................. 10

Current living population ......................................................................................................................... 11

Historic population .................................................................................................................................. 14

Institutions participating in ESB ............................................................................................................... 22

Acknowledgement ....................................................................................................................................... 24

Studbook Disclaimer .................................................................................................................................... 24

Introduction

Elasmobranches are popular species within aquarium exhibits. During a discussion held at the 1st

International Elasmobranch Husbandry Symposium (October, 3-7th

, 2001 Orlando, USA) an elasmobranch

plan of action was defined (Smith et al., 2004). The development of captive breeding programs of

elasmobranches was one of the major goals within this plan of action. Three different priorities when

choosing a species were defined:

1. is the species listed as endangered or critically endangered on the IUCN Red list?

2. is the species regionally endemic, little studies, or even undescribed, and at risk of losing its

habitat?

3. is the species in demand for public aquariums – e.g. sand tiger sharks, zebra sharks, spotted eagle

ray?

White spotted eagle rays are not common in public aquaria due to the large size of the adults. However the

increase in number of large public aquaria within Europe in the last two decades and the charismatic

appearance make the species becoming more popular. Five European aquaria are known to have Spotted

eagle rays (Valencia, Arnhem, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Montpelier, Plymouth). Only one aquarium (Burgers’ Zoo,

4

Arnhem) is currently breeding the species (Janse et al., 2010), with a total number of six young in 2009 and

2010. Possibly more aquaria have or have had this species. The current living population within the five

aquaria is 11,10 (total 21). It’s known that three aquaria have had this species, but not anymore. It’s not an

easy species to keep, especially in the beginning. Animals died due to husbandry and health problems.

Different parasitic problems have been described within this species (Beverley-Burton and Whittington,

1995; Janse and Borgsteede, 2003; Chisholm and Whittington, 2004; Marie and Justine, 2005).

The number of participants has been rising since the start to 8. A few aquaria outside of Europe have bred

with this species. Beside the captive born animals from Arnhem all other animals originate from the wild.

The most important goal of this studbook is to organize the population, to compile and distribute

husbandry knowledge and to get more breeding within Europe. When captive breeding increases the

number of wild caught imports of this species will decrease and a sustainable captive population can be

build up. Also a breeding program will increase the cooperation between aquaria and can act as an example

of sustainable management of a captive population. This is a well known activity within zoos concerning

mammals, birds and some reptiles, but is quiet new in captive fish populations.

The goals of this breeding program are as follows:

1. to start a breeding program within the European aquarium community

2. to promote breeding programs on aquatic animals to become higher on the agenda of aquaria

3. make an inventory of all spotted eagle rays within Europe

4. manage transfers of offspring within the organized framework of an ESB to avoid problems in the

future (all offspring currently come from one aquarium). The main goal is to create potential

breeding pairs from different genetic origin.

5. understand the husbandry problems of this species, and develop a husbandry manual

6. collaborate with research institutions and universities to learn more about the biology and

husbandry of this species

7. genetic research will be necessary to describe the species or sub-species difference within the

captive population.

Species background

Taxonomy of the species

• Phylum: Chordata

• Subphylum: Vertebrata

• Class: Chondrichthyes Cartiliougous fishes

• Order: Rajiformes Rays, sawfish and skates

• Family: Myliobatidae Eagle and Manta rays

• Genus: Aetobatus (Blainville, 1816) Eagle rays

• Name: Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) White spotted eagle ray

Three other species are described within the genus: A. flagellum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), A. guttatus

(Shaw, 1804) and A. ocellatus (Kuhl, 1823). However there is some discussion of the species A. narinari.

Compagno et al. (2005) reported narrow and wide disc morphs from the Philippines, which they suggest

may represent separate species, with the broad specimens typical of Pacific A. narinari. Based on combined

genealogical concordance and genetic distance criteria, Richards et al. (2009) recommend that the

Western/Central Pacific lineage be recognized as a distinct species from lineages in the Central Atlantic and

Eastern Pacific (which are proposed as subspecies).

5

A second species of the Aetobatus genus Aetobatus guttatus closely resembles A. narinari (Carpenter and

Niem, 1999). There is even discussion on a specimen caught in the Philippines if it’s A. guttatus or A.

narinari (Compagno et al., 2005). This animal is a nice example on the current genetics discussion around A.

narinari. This same discussion needs to held within the European captive population.

Distribution of the species

Western Atlantic: North Carolina (summer) and Florida, USA and Bermuda to southern Brazil. Throughout

Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean, including Antilles. Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania to Angola. Indo-West Pacific:

Red Sea and South Africa to Hawaii, north to Japan, south to Australia. Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to

Puerto Pizarro, Peru and the Galapagos Islands. (Van der Elst, 1993; Lieske and Myers, 1994; Bonfil and

Abdallah, 2004).

Status of the species in the wild

Near threatened and population trend is decreasing (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (IUCN, 2010;

Kyne et al., 2006). The white spotted eagle ray has a Vulnerable listing in Southeast Asia where fishing

pressure is particularly intense and the species is a common component of landings. With further data it

will likely fall into a threatened category in other regions also (IUCN, 2010).

Status and development of the European studbook

Participants Status

1-1-1980

Birth Transfer between

ESB Aquaria

Transfer between

non-ESB aquaria

Death Status

1-9-2010

In Out In Out

Arnhem/NL 0.0 2.4 - 1.2 5.8.1 - 3.4.1 3.6.0

Berlin/D 0.0 - - - 0.1.0 - 0.1.0 0.0.0

Boulogne-sur-Mer/F 0.0 - 1.1 - - - 0.1.0 1.0.0

Lisboa/P 0.0 - - - 0.0.13 - 0.0.13 0.0.0

Monaco/MC 0.0 - - - 0.0.2 - 0.0.2 0.0.0

Montpelier/F 0.0 - - - 2.2.4 - 0.2.4 2.0.0

Plymouth/UK 0.0 - - - 5.4.0 - 3.1.0 2.3.0

Valencia/ES 0.0 - 0.1 - 5.1.1 - 2.1.1 3.1.0

Total 8 participants 0.0 2.4 1.2 1.2 17.16.21 0.0 8.10.21 11.10.0

6

Captive population

Figure 1: Number of living animals of the white spotted eagle ray average per year within the ESB

The current living population within the studbook is 11,10 (Table 1). Figure 1 shows an increase of the

average population per year of this species. All animals within the studbook originate from the wild, except

for 6 captive born animals. The species became more popular in Europe from 1998 due to a drastic increase

of large public aquaria, availability, increasing husbandry and transportation knowledge and due to its

charismatic character.

Figure 2 shows a high mortality rate (n=24 of 52 incoming animals equals 46%) in the first year of captivity.

Of all death registered within the studbook 89 % died in the first year of captivity. Problems were defined

as overall stress, not willing to start eating, feeding problems in later instance and health problems.

Together with Head Aquarist Miranda Verbeek and the aquarist team at Burgers’ Zoo a few guidelines have

been defined which could be taken into consideration when keeping white spotted eagle rays:

1. Keep them in a large quarantine tank without other fish. Maximum two animals together.

Minimum size is a tank of 2.5 m diameter and 70 cm of water.

2. Watch for parasites on skin or gills. It’s advised to treat the animals prophylactic against

monogenetic trematodes at 20 mg praziquantel/L for 60 min (Janse and Borgsteede, 2003) or

better even 2 mg praziquantel/L for 7 days.

3. Feed a wide variety of food types in the first days. Just throw it on the bottom of the tank. Remove

the food after one hour and try it 2 times more per day. Do this 7 days per week. Good food type to

get used are prawn meat, fresh mussel flesh and small pieces of fatty fish.

4. Give them a quiet space in the first two months.

15 10 5 0 5 10 15

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

2006

2009

Number of animalsUnknown gender

♀♂

7

5. When animals start to feed try to learn them to eat from a feeding stick. This way the animals can

be fed individually in multiple species display tank. Keep active fish away from the feeding area.

6. Feed not too small (the animal will become restless) and not to big food items (other fish make

steel it from the mouth).

7. Take your time with this species. They need a lot of patience and observation. Especially in the

beginning.

8. Try to feed them always individually, also in display

9. Swimming behavior gives a lot of information. They should show quiet fin strokes with regular

glide intervals.

10. Especially stress may cause jumping behavior. Make sure the tanks are covered and no sharp

objects are situated above the water.

The maximum captive age in the studbook is 10 year for a group of 6 animals in Arnhem (Figure 2). Within

this breeding group some animals were 1 to 3 years of age at arrival. 2,4 are born in 2009 and 2010. Details

on the experiences of the breeding success in 2009 are described in Janse et al. (2010).

Figure 2 Captive age of all animals both dead and alive at September 2010

26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Number of animals

Ca

pti

ve

ag

e (

y) death alive

8

Figure 3 Number of captive born white spotted eagle rays in Europe

Parasitic problems

In situ A. narinari are susceptible to different species of monogenetic trematodes (Monogenea:

monocotylidae) only found specifically on this species:

• Branchial cavity: Decacotyle elpora (Marie and Justine, 2005), Decacotyle octona Young, 1967

(Chisholm and Whittington, 1998) and Clemacotyle australis Young, 1967 (Beverley-Burton and

Whittington, 1995; Janse and Borgsteede, 2003)

• Nasal cavity: Thaumatocotyle pseudodasybatis Hargis, 1955

• Skin: Clemacotyle australis Young, 1967 (Beverley-Burton and Whittington, 1995; Janse and

Borgsteede, 2003) and Decacotyle torosa n. sp. (Chisholm and Whittington, 2004).

Also in captivity one of the most common husbandry problems are monogenetic trematodes, both on skin

(Janse and Borgsteede, 2003; Chisholm and Whittington, 2004) and in the gill (Janse, pers. observ.).

Effective treatments are 20 mg praziquantel/L for 60 minutes in a bath and transferred to a clean system

(Janse and Borgsteede, 2003) or 2 mg praziquantel/L for 7 days for the whole system (with UV and ozone

out during the treatment).

Publications

Bentley, N 1996. An overview of the exploitation, trade and management of chondrichthyans in Indonesia.. In: Chen, H. K. (ed.), An overview of

shark trade in selected countries of Southeast Asia. TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Petaling Jaya.

Bentley, N., 1996. An overview of the exploitation, trade and management of Sharks and Rays in Australia.. In: Sant, G. and Hayes, E. (eds.), The

Oceania region’s harvest, trade and management of sharks and other cartilaginous fish: an overview. TRAFFIC Oceania, Sydney. p. 30.

3 2 1 0 1 2 3

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

2006

2009

Number of birth

♀♂

9

Beverley-Burton, M. and I.D. Whittington, 1995. Clematocyle australis (Monogenea: monocotylidae) from the white-spotted eagle ray Aetobatus

narinari (Rajiformes: myliobatidae) on the Great Barrier Reef. J. Parasitol. 81(4):616-625.

Bonfil, R. and M. Abdallah, 2004. Field identification guide to the sharks and rays of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. FAO species identification guide

for fisheries purpose. FAO, Rome 71 p.

Camhi, M., S. Fowler, J. Musick, A. Bräutigam and S. Fordham, 1998. Sharks and their Relatives Ecology and Conservation. IUCN/SSC Shark Specialist

Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. p. 39.

Carpenter, K.E. and Niem, V.H., 1999. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central

Pacific. Volume 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). Rome, FAO. pp. 1397-2068.

Cavanagh, R.D., P.M. Kyne, S.L. Fowler, J.A. Musick and M.B. Bennett, 2003. The Conservation Status of Australasian Chondrichthyans. Report of the

IUCN Shark Specialist Group Australia and Oceania Regional Red List Workshop Queensland, Australia, 7-9 March 2003 p.170.

Chisholm, L.A. and I.D. Whittington, 2004. Two new species of Dendromonocotyle Hargis, 1955 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from the skin of

Taeniura meyeni (Dasyatidae) and Aetobatus narinari (Myliobatidae) from aquaria. Systematic Parasitology, 57:221-228.

Compagno, L.J.V., Last, P.R., Stevens, J.D. and Alava, M.N.R. 2005. Checklist of Philippine Chondrichthyes. CSIRO Marine Laboratories Report 243.

IUCN, 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 06 September 2010.

Janse, M. and F.H.M. Borgsteede, 2003. Praziqantel treatment of captive white spotted eagle rays (Aetobatus narianari) infested with monogenan

trematodes. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 23(4):152-156.

Janse, M., M. Verbeek, F. Wennekers, R. Hendriks, T. Te Vruchte, R. Dogger, B. Arentz, A. Rozier and R. Kolkman, 2010. Notes on captive breeding of

white spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari) with specific emphasis on the parturition. Drum and Croaker 41:3-7.

Kyne, P.M., Ishihara, H, Dudley, S.F.J. & White, W.T. 2006. Aetobatus narinari. In: IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2.

<www.iucnredlist.org>.

Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994. Collins pocket guide. Coral Reef fishes Caribbean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. Harper Collins Publishers, London.

400 p.

Marie, A.D. and J.-L. Justine, 2005. Monocotylids (Monogenea: Monopisthocotylea) from Aetobatus cf. narinari off New Caledonia, with a

description of Decacotyle elpora sp.. Systematic parasitology 60:175-185.

Muraco, H.S. and M.A. Stamper, . Training spotted eagle rays (Aetobatus narinari ( Euphrasen)) to decrease aggressive behaviors towards divers. J.

Aquariculture and Aquatic Sciences 8(4):88-98.

Pratt, H.L. Jr.a & J. C. Carrierb, 2001. A review of elasmobranch reproductive behavior with a case study on the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma

cirratum. Environmental Biology of Fish 60:157-188.

Richards, V.P., M. Henning, W. Witzell and M.S. Shivji, 2009. Species delineation and evolutionary history of the globally distributed spotted eagle

ray (Aetobatus narinari). J. Heredity 100(3):273-283.

Sherman, RL; Gilliam, DS, 1996. Hepato-somatic indices and lifestyles in some batoid elasmobranchs. Florida Scientist 4:275-278.

Smith, M.D., D. Warmolts, D. Thoney and R. Hueter, 2004. The Elasmobranch Husbandry Manual: Captive Care of Sharks, Rays and their Relatives.

Special Publication of the Ohio Biological Survey. 589 p.

Van der Elst, R., 1993. A guide to the common sea fishes of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town. 398 p.

Yamaguchia, A., I. Kawaharab and S. Ito, 2005. Occurrence, growth and food of longheaded eagle ray, Aetobatus flagellum, in Ariake Sound, Kyushu,

Japan. Environmental Biology of Fishes 74:229-238.

Yokota, L. and R.P. Lessa, 2006. A nursery area for sharks and rays in Northeastern Brazil. Environmental Biology of Fishes 75:349-360.

Those that are interested in a copy of the above papers please contact the studbook holder.

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General action for the year 2011 and later In the year 2011 the following actions will take place:

• compile more information on the husbandry problems of captive white spotted eagle rays

• Increase number of participants

• Increase knowledge on captive breeding

• Collaborate with in-site research

• Increase the knowledge on the importance of breeding programs in fish

• Learn further from each other

Future activities within the studbook will be:

• understanding the genetic basis of the species Aetobatus narinari

• Genetic research on the parenthood of the offspring

• Write a husbandry manual

11

Current living population

(per institution)

ESB White spotted eagle ray

(Aetobatus narinari)


12

Stud # | Sex | Hatch Date | Sire | Dam | Location | Date | Local ID | Event |

Location: ARNHEM

1005 M ~Jun 1999±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Nov 2000 NONE Capture

WATERW ~ 5 Dec 2000 NONE Transfer

ARNHEM 11 Dec 2000 600034 Transfer

1006 F ~Jun 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Dec 2000 NONE Capture

WATERW ~25 Dec 2000 NONE Transfer

ARNHEM 2 Jan 2001 600035 Transfer

1007 F ~Sep 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Jan 2001 NONE Capture

WATERW ~10 Feb 2001 NONE Transfer

ARNHEM 15 Feb 2001 600040 Transfer

1008 M ~Jul 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Dec 2000 NONE Capture



1009 F ~ Feb 2000 WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Feb 2000 NONE Capture

WATERW ~10 Mar 2001 NONE Transfer

ARNHEM 16 Mar 2001 600042 Transfer

1010 F ~Jul 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Dec 2000 NONE Capture



1012 F 25 May 2009 MULTI1 1010 ARNHEM 25 May 2009 615230 Birth

1024 F 2 Nov 2009 MULTI1 1006 ARNHEM 2 Nov 2009 615583 Birth

OCEAN VAL 9 Jun 2010 NONE Loan to

1025 M 2 Nov 2009 MULTI1 1006 ARNHEM 2 Nov 2009 615584 Birth

BOULOGNE 16 Mar 2010 NONE Loan to

1027 M 18 Feb 2010 MULTI1 1010 ARNHEM 18 Feb 2010 615631 Birth

1044 F 29 Jun 2010 MULTI1 1006 ARNHEM 29 Jun 2010 615904 Birth

Totals: 4.7.0 (11)

Locations: BOULOGNE



Totals: 1.0.0 (1)

13


Location: MARENOSTR

1036 M ~Mar 2007±6m WILD WILD SE ASIA ~ Aug 2007 NONE Capture

MARENOSTR 26 Sep 2007 NONE Transfer

1039 M ~ 2007 WILD WILD SE ASIA ~ Aug 2007 NONE Capture

MARENOSTR 3 Oct 2007 NONE Transfer

Totals: 2.0.0 (2)

Location: OCEAN VAL

1016 M ~Jun 2005±6m WILD WILD WILD ~Oct 2005±1m NONE Capture

WATERW ~ 1 Nov 2005 NONE Transfer

OCEAN VAL 4 Nov 2005 NONE Transfer

1018 M ~Mar 2008±1m WILD WILD WILD ~Mar 2008±1m NONE Capture

DE JONG ~20 Mar 2008 NONE Transfer

OCEAN VAL 27 Mar 2008 NONE Transfer

1019 M ~May 2008±1m WILD WILD WILD ~May 2008±1m NONE Capture

DE JONG ~20 Jun 2008 NONE Transfer

OCEAN VAL 25 Jun 2008 NONE Transfer



Totals: 3.1.0 (4)

Location: PLYMO NMA

1032 M ~Dec 2009±4m WILD WILD INDONESIA ~14 Jan 2010 NONE Capture

DE JONG ~14 Apr 2010 NONE Transfer

PLYMO NMA 28 Apr 2010 5 (Teon) Transfer

1033 F ~Dec 2009±4m WILD WILD INDONESIA ~14 Jan 2010 NONE Capture


PLYMO NMA 28 Apr 2010 6 (Tambo) Transfer



PLYMO NMA 28 Apr 2010 7 (Lya) Transfer

1057 M ~ 2009 WILD WILD INDONESIA 15 Apr 2010 NONE Capture

DE JONG ~15 May 2010 NONE Transfer

PLYMO NMA 30 Jun 2010 8 (Jambi) Transfer

1058 F ~ 2009 WILD WILD INDONESIA 15 Apr 2010 NONE Capture


PLYMO NMA 30 Jun 2010 9 (Nila) Transfer

Totals: 2.3.0 (5)

14

Historic population

ESB White Spotted Eagle Ray

(Aetobatus narinari)


15


Locations: ARNHEM

1001 F ~Jan 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Dec 2000 NONE Capture



~ Mar 2001 Death

[Death by: Unknown means]

1002 F ~Jul 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Jan 2001 NONE Capture

WATERW ~ 8 Feb 2001 NONE Transfer


4 Dec 2002 Death

[Death by: Self-inflicted injuries; Generalized; Bacterial]

1004 ? ~Feb 1999±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Jan 2000 NONE Capture

WATERW ~ Feb 2000 NONE Transfer


29 Mar 2000 Death


1005 M ~Jun 1999±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Nov 2000 NONE Capture

WATERW ~ 5 Dec 2000 NONE Transfer

ARNHEM 11 Dec 2000 600034 Transfer

1006 F ~Jun 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Dec 2000 NONE Capture



1007 F ~Sep 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Jan 2001 NONE Capture

WATERW ~10 Feb 2001 NONE Transfer


1008 M ~Jul 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Dec 2000 NONE Capture



1009 F ~ Feb 2000 WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Feb 2000 NONE Capture

WATERW ~10 Mar 2001 NONE Transfer

ARNHEM 16 Mar 2001 600042 Transfer

1010 F ~Jul 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Dec 2000 NONE Capture



1011 M ~Jun 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Dec 2000 NONE Capture



~ 7 Oct 2001 Death

[Death by: Stranded]

1012 F 5 May 2009 MULTI1 1010 ARNHEM 25 May 2009 615230 Birth

16


1020 F ~Jan 1999±6m WILD WILD WILD ~Jun 1999±1m NONE Capture

WATERW ~23 Jun 1999 NONE Transfer

ARNHEM 28 Jun 1999 615635 Transfer

18 Sep 1999 Death


1021 M ~Jan 1999±6m WILD WILD WILD ~Jun 1999±1m NONE Capture



7 Jul 1999 Death


1022 F ~Jan 1999±6m WILD WILD WILD ~Jun 1999±1m NONE Capture



9 Jul 1999 Death


1023 M ~Jan 1999±6m WILD WILD WILD ~Jun 1999±1m NONE Capture



17 Jul 1999 Death






1026 F 18 Feb 2010 MULTI1 1010 ARNHEM 18 Feb 2010 615630 Birth


25 Apr 2010 Death

[Death by: Mongenetic trematodes in gill]

1027 M 18 Feb 2010 MULTI1 1010 ARNHEM 18 Feb 2010 615631 Birth

1044 F 29 Jun 2010 MULTI1 1006 ARNHEM 29 Jun 2010 615904 Birth

Totals: 7.12.1 (20)

Location: BERLIN AQ

1035 F ~ 1989 WILD WILD FLORIDA ~Jan 1989±6m NONE Capture

DYNASTY ~Feb 1989±6m NONE Transfer

BERLIN AQ ~Mar 1989±6m NONE Transfer

1 Sep 1989 Death


Totals: 0.1.0 (1)

17


Location: BOULOGNE



1026 F 18 Feb 2010 MULTI1 1010 ARNHEM 18 Feb 2010 615630 Birth


25 Apr 2010 Death

[Death by: Mongenetic trematodes in the gill]

Totals: 1.1.0 (2)

Location: LISBOA AQ

1003 ? ~ 1994 WILD WILD FLORIDA ~ 1994 NONE Capture

DYNASTY ~ Aug 1999 NONE Transfer

LISBOA AQ 19 Aug 1999 IND098 Transfer

31 Aug 2001 Death


1045 ? ~ 1995 WILD WILD AUSTRALIA ~Apr 1998±1m NONE Capture

CAIRNSMAR ~20 Apr 1998 NONE Transfer

LISBOA AQ 6 May 1998 NONE Transfer

13 May 1998 Death





17 Jul 1998 Death





26 Jul 1998 Death





27 Jul 1998 Death





21 Aug 1998 Death


18





19 Aug 1998 Death





8 Nov 1999 Death





3 Dec 1999 Death


1053 ? ~ 1997 WILD WILD FLORIDA ~Jul 1999±1m NONE Capture

DYNASTY ~ 9 Aug 1999 NONE Transfer

LISBOA AQ 19 Aug 1999 SP0003 Transfer

20 Aug 1999 Death





10 Oct 1999 Death





26 Jan 2000 Death





25 Mar 2000 Death


Totals: 0.0.13 (13)

Location: MARENOSTR

1036 M ~Mar 2007±6m WILD WILD SE ASIA ~ Aug 2007 NONE Capture


1037 ? ~Mar 2007±6m WILD WILD SE ASIA ~ Aug 2007 NONE Capture


25 Jun 2008 Death


19




15 Apr 2009 Death


1039 M ~ 2007 WILD WILD SE ASIA ~ Aug 2007 NONE Capture




28 Aug 2008 Death




27 Apr 2008 Death


1042 F ~Mar 2007±6m WILD WILD SE ASIA ~ Aug 2007 NONE Capture

MARENOSTR 5 Dec 2007 NONE Transfer

27 Feb 2008 Death


1043 F ~Mar 2007±6m WILD WILD SE ASIA ~ Aug 2007 NONE Capture

MARENOSTR 5 Dec 2007 NONE Transfer

1 Mar 2008 Death


Totals: 2.2.4 (8)

Location: OCEAN VAL

1013 M ~May 2005±6m WILD WILD WILD ~Oct 2005±1m NONE Capture



6 Nov 2005 Death


1014 ? ~Jun 2005±6m WILD WILD WILD ~Oct 2005±1m NONE Capture



19 Dec 2005 Death


1015 F ~Jun 2005±6m WILD WILD WILD ~Oct 2005±1m NONE Capture



4 Jan 2006 Death


1016 M ~Jun 2005±6m WILD WILD WILD ~Oct 2005±1m NONE Capture



20


1017 M ~Oct 2007±6m WILD WILD WILD ~Mar 2008±1m NONE Capture



28 Mar 2008 Death


1018 M ~Mar 2008±1m WILD WILD WILD ~Mar 2008±1m NONE Capture



1019 M ~May 2008±1m WILD WILD WILD ~May 2008±1m NONE Capture

DE JONG ~20 Jun 2008 NONE Transfer

OCEAN VAL 25 Jun 2008 NONE Transfer



Totals: 5.2.1 (8)

Locations: PLYMO NMA

1028 F ~ 2004 WILD WILD BARBADOS ~ 2004 NONE Capture

PLYMO NMA 21 Sep 2009 1 Transfer

22 Sep 2009 Death


1029 M ~ 2004 WILD WILD BARBADOS ~ 2004 NONE Capture


25 Sep 2009 Death


1030 M 1 Jan 2004 WILD WILD BARBADOS ~ 2004 NONE Capture


27 Sep 2009 Death




PLYMO NMA 28 Apr 2010 4 Transfer

18 Jul 2010 Death

[Death by: Stopped feeding]



PLYMO NMA 28 Apr 2010 5 (Teon) Transfer



PLYMO NMA 28 Apr 2010 6 (Tambo) Transfer

21




PLYMO NMA 28 Apr 2010 7 (Lya) Transfer

1057 M ~ 2009 WILD WILD INDONESIA 15 Apr 2010 NONE Capture


PLYMO NMA 30 Jun 2010 8 (Jambi) Transfer

1058 F ~ 2009 WILD WILD INDONESIA 15 Apr 2010 NONE Capture


PLYMO NMA 30 Jun 2010 9 (Nila) Transfer

Totals: 5.4.0 (9)

22

Institutions participating in

ESB


Including contact details

23

ARNHEM Burgers’ Zoo Arnhem Netherlands Max Janse [email protected]

BERLINZOO Zoologischer Garten

Berlin

Berlin Germany Rainer Kaiser [email protected]

BOULOGNE Nausicaa Ventre

National de la Mer

Boulogne-sur-

Mer

France Stephane Henard [email protected]

LISBOA AQ Oceanario de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal Nuria Baylina [email protected]

MARENOSTR Aquarium Mare

Nostrum

Montpelier France Nicolas Hirel [email protected]

MONACO Aquarium du Musée

Océanographique

de Monaco

Monaco Monaco Pierre Gilles [email protected]

OCEAN VAL L‘Oceanografic Valencia Spain Alfredo Terrón Mari±o [email protected]

PLYMO NMA National Marine

Aquarium

Plymouth England James Wright

Rob Wick

[email protected]

[email protected]

Other abbreviations used in Studbook:

AUSTRALIA Australian region.

BARBADOS Central America, American Region

CAIRNS ML Cairns Marine Life, North-Cairns, Queensland, Australia, [email protected]

DE JONG De Jong Marine Life Wholesale, Spijk, The Netherlands, [email protected]

INDONESIA Malay Archipelago, Asian Region

MALDIVES South Central Asia, Asian Region

TMC Tropical Marine Center, UK

UNKNOWN Unknown location

WATERW Waterweelde Wholesale,Oude Haagweg 30, 2552 EP Den Haag, Netherlands

ph. + 31 70 4041783 [email protected] Robin Winkels

WILD Obtained From Wild

24

Acknowledgement The studbook keeper with to thank all participants for their information.

Studbook Disclaimer

Copyright (2010) by Burgers’ Zoo. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

reproduced in hard copy, machine-readable

or other forms without advance written permission from Burgers’ Zoo. Members of the European

Association of Zoos and Aquariums

(EAZA) may copy this information for their own use as needed. The information contained in this

studbook has been obtained from numerous sources believed to be reliable. EAZA and Burgers’

Zoo make a diligent effort to provide a complete and accurate representation of the data in its

reports, publications, and services. However, EAZA and Burgers’ Zoo do not guarantee the

accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information. EAZA and Burgers’ Zoo make no

warranties or representations of any kind, express or implied including but not limited to warranties

of merchantability of fitness for particular purpose. EAZA and Burgers’ Zoo disclaim all liability

for errors or omissions that may exist and shall not be liable for any incidental, consequential, or

other damages (whether resulting from negligence or otherwise) including, without limitation,

exemplary damages or lost profits arising out of or in connection with the use of this publication.

Because the technical information provided in the studbook can easily be misread or misinterpreted

unless properly analyzed, EAZA and Burgers’ Zoo strongly recommend that users of this

information consult with the Studbook Keeper in all matters related to data analysis and

interpretation.

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