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EUROPEAN UNION INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE
EUROPEAN UNION INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE
EUROPEAN UNION INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE02 -
EUROPEAN UNION INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE
EUROPEAN UNION INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE
EUROPEAN UNION INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE
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As the world’s largest economy, the European Union is an increasingly attractive target, not just for firms based within the Union but also for companies from the rest of the world. One measure of this attractive-ness is the interest in registering EU trade marks and designs, which facilitate access to this marketplace.
In spite of the ongoing financial crisis, Registered Community Designs (RCDs) retained their attractiveness during 2015 and there was a sharp rise in demand for EU Trade Marks (EUTMs). This is shown by the 11% increase in EUTM filings – more than double the historic level of growth.
The current report provides an overview of demand trends for EUTMs and RCDs and shows that well over two-thirds of filings continue to come from within the EU. However, close examination of the figures will show that the share of filings from the rest of the world increased slightly in 2015, with demand from emerging markets such as China growing over time. There is also a corresponding slight decrease in the importance of some traditional large filers such as the USA, which nevertheless still accounts for 13% of all EU trade mark filings.
This trend is only to be expected since in the global knowledge-based economy, the importance of intel-lectual property and innovation as drivers of competitive advantage and prosperity is being increasingly recognised in both the developed and developing world.
As EU companies look to the emerging markets for future growth, multilateral cooperation between IP offices aimed at enhancing convergence and interoperability among the IP systems of the most important economies will become ever more important.
This is essential if the IP system is to become more accessible to all prospective users and allow them to create the growth and jobs needed for future prosperity.
INTRODUCTION
António CampinosExecutive Director, EUIPO
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KEY FIGURES
EUTM 2015 vs 2014
Direct filings 108,515 +8%
International Registrations 21,886 +27%
TOTAL 130,401 +11%
EUTM 2015 vs 2014
Oppositions 17,218 +10%
Cancellations 2,048 +46%
Appeals 2,521 -20%
RCD 2015 vs 2014
Direct filings 86,127 -2%
International Registrations 11,373 +10%
TOTAL 97,500 0%
RCD 2015 vs 2014
Invalidities 268 -32%
Appeals 90 -40%
140 000
120 000
100 000
80 000
60 000
40 000
20 000
0 2014 2015 2014 2015
100 000
80 000
60 000
40 000
20 000
0
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HISTORICAL TRADE MARK AND DESIGN FILINGS(DIRECT AND INTERNATIONAL)
Trademarks
In 2001 and 2002 filings fell, reflecting the bursting of the dot-com bubble.
Filings increased in 2003, in anticipation of the EU enlargement in 2004.
In 2008, filings dropped slightly due to the economic crisis and remained flat in 2009.
Designs
The first RCDs were filed in 2003. The first international designs were filed in 2008.
In 2009, filings dropped, reflecting the economic crisis.
0
30 000
60 000
90 000
120 000
150 000
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2015
2014
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TOP 10 EUTM-FILING COUNTRIES (2015)
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2015
2014
USDE UK IT ES FR CH NL CN PL
69% of all filings originate from within the EU. The top ten filing countries account for 72% of all EUTM filings.
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TOP 10 RCD-FILING COUNTRIES (2015)(DIRECT FILINGS ONLY)
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
DE IT US FR UK CN PL ES JP AT
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
72% of all filings originate from within the EU. The top ten filing countries account for 78% of all filings.
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EUTM FILINGS BY MAJOR ECONOMIC BLOCKS
EUTM APPLICATIONS SHARE 1996
13,214
25,227
336
EU EUUSA USABRICS BRICS
EUTM APPLICATIONS SHARE 2015
Between 1996 and 2009, the share of filings from within the EU rose from 58% to 72%. Since then it has dropped slightly, to 69% in 2015. The BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) currently account for 5% of filings.
The share of filings from the USA has decreased over time and currently stands at 13%.
89,415
6,188
16,866
2003
2002
1999
1998
1996
1997
2001
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
EU USA BRICS
0 %
20 %
40 %
60 %
80 %
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EUTM FILINGS FROM BRICS COUNTRIES
The increase of filings from the BRICS countries can be attributed to China (including Hong Kong and Macau). The other four BRICS countries still account for a low number of EUTM filings relative to the size of their economies.
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
CHINA BRAZIL INDIASOUTH AFRICA RUSSIA
0 %
1.5 %
3.0 %
4.5 %
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SHARE OF EUTM FILINGS FROM NEW MEMBER STATES
Included are: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.
Just before the EU enlargement of 1 May 2004 , the number of EUTM filings from the acceding countries started to increase. Their share of EUTM filings has risen from less than 1% in 2003 to 10% in 2015.
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Nº of EUTM filings Share of total EUTM filings
0 %
6 %
3 %
9 %
12 %
0
5000
2500
7500
10000
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SHARE IN EUTM FILINGS OF THE 5 BIGGEST EU ECONOMIES
BREAKDOWN OF PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE OF EUTM APPLICATIONS (2015)
Included are: France, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom. Overall, EUTM filings from these five countries are growing. However their share of total filings is dropping, having fallen from 80% in 2002 to below 67% in 2015.
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Nº of EUTM filings Share of total EUTM filings
0 %
40 %
20 %
60 %
80 %
0
50 000
25 000
75 000
100 000
44.9 %
15.9 %
9 %
SVPLNLITESFRDE
EN DA PT
REST
0 %
10 %
30 %
20 %
40 %
50 %
7.7 % 6.9 %4.2 % 3 % 2.2 % 1.2 % 0.9 %
4.2 %
84% of EUTMs are filed in one of the five official languages of the Office.
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The ranking is based on all filings, independent of:
the route of filing (national of international);
the EUTM or RCD was filed through a representative;
the subsidiary or local office of the company that filed the EUTM or RCD.
TOP 10 EUTM AND RCD APPLICANTS (2015)
Ranking Applicant Nº of EUTM filings
1 LG 1052
2 L’OREAL 242
3 NOVARTIS 213
4 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES 175
5 SAMSUNG 135
6 EVELINE COSMETICS 122
7 PHILIPS 104
8 JOHNSON & JOHNSON 102
9 LIDL 99
10 GLAXO GROUP 94
Ranking Applicant Nº of RCD filings
1 RIEKER SCHUH 990
2 APPLE 682
3 ROBERT BOSCH 677
4 NIKE 619
5 LG 441
6 EGLO LEUCHTEN 420
7 STROILI ORO 403
8 DECATHLON 368
9 PRADA 368
10 GABOR SHOES 366
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TOP 10 EUTM CLASSES (2015)
Class Nice class headings % total filings
35 Advertising; business management; business administration; office functions 9.8%
9
Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulat-ing, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; compact discs, DVDs and other digital recording media; mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment, com-puters; computer software; fire-extinguishing apparatus
9.4%
42Scientific and technological services and research and design relat-ing thereto; industrial analysis and research services; design and development of computer hardware and software.
6.5%
41 Education; providing of training; entertainment; sporting and cul-tural activities. 5.9%
25 Clothing, footwear, headgear 4.7%
5
Pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations; sanitary preparations for medical purposes; dietetic food and substances adapted for medical or veterinary use, food for babies; dietary supplements for humans and animals; plasters, materials for dressings; material for stopping teeth, dental wax; disinfectants; preparations for destroy-ing vermin; fungicides, herbicides..
3.6%
16
Paper, cardboard and goods made from these materials, not in-cluded in other classes; printed matter; bookbinding material; photographs; stationery; adhesives for stationery or household purposes; artists' materials; paint brushes; typewriters and office requisites (except furniture); instructional and teaching material (except apparatus); plastic materials for packaging (not included in other classes); printers' type; printing blocks.
3.6%
3Bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry use; cleaning, polishing, scouring and abrasive preparations; soaps; per-fumery, essential oils, cosmetics, hair lotions; dentifrices
3.1%
38 Telecommunications. 2.9%
30
Coffee, tea, cocoa and artificial coffee; rice; tapioca and sago; flour and preparations made from cereals; bread, pastry and confectionery; ed-ible ices; sugar, honey, treacle; yeast, baking-powder; salt; mustard; vinegar, sauces (condiments); spices; iceTelecommunications.
2.8%
Share of top 10 classes (out of all 45 classes) 52.1%
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TOP 10 RCD CLASSES
EUTM FILINGS: EVOLUTION IN TOP 10 NICE CLASSES
Class Eurolocarno class headings % total filings
2 Articles of Clothing and Haberdashery 10.0%
6 Furnishing 9.4%
14 Recording, communication or information or retrieval equipment. 8.9%
26 Lighting apparatus 6.8%
9 Packages and containers for the transport or handling of goods 6.6%
23 Fluid distribution equipment, sanitary, heating, ventilation and air-conditioning equipment, solid fuel 5.4%
32 Graphic symbols and logos, surface patterns, ornamentation. 5.3%
12 Means of transport or hoisting 5.2%
25 Building units and construction elements 4.8%
07 Household goods, not elsewhere specified 4.7%
Share of top 10 classes(out of all 32 classes) 67.2%
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2015
2014
935 42 1641 25 5 3 38 30
3 %
5 %
7 %
9 %
11 %
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% CHANGE IN SHARE OF FILINGS OF NICE CLASSES 2002-2015
SHARE OF GOODS CLASSES IN EUTM FILINGS
0 %
1 %
2 %
3 %
4 %35
4541 14 44
5 138 9
16
-1 %
-2 %
-3 %
20 %
40 %
60 %
80 %
100 %
0 %
2003
2002
1999
1998
1996
1997
2001
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
An analysis of all EUTM fillings shows that some classes are more used than before while others have become less popular.
The graph shows the five classes that have increased and declined the most since 2002, respectively.
Class 35 (advertising, business management, business administration, office functions) had an increase of 2.8% in its share during the period. At the other extreme, the share of Class 16 (paper, cardboard, printings, photographs etc.) decreased by 2.2%.
Since 2007, the ratio between Nice classes related to goods and those related to services has been stable. EUTMs that include one or more of the 34 goods classes amount to 62% of total filings. The 11 service classes account for 38% of all filings.
In the year 2000 the share of goods classes had dropped to 57%. This reflects the information technology bubble and the consequent increase in filings in service classes, especially Class 42 (computer hardware and software) and Class 38 (telecommunications).
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The graph shows the ratio between the number of oppositions and the number of EUTMs that include that particular class in the original application. Applications that include classes 22, 27 and 29 are opposed in about 18% of cases, while only 12% of applications that include classes 34, 40 and 42 are opposed.
The graph above represents the opposition rates against published EUTM applications. The opposition rate for International Registrations is about half of that for direct applications.
TOP 3 AND BOTTOM 3 EUTM CLASSES WITH RELATIVELY MOST / FEWEST OPPOSITIONS (2015)
2005
2010
2015
27 22 29 40 34 42
10 %
15 %
20 %
25 %
30 %
OPPOSITION RATE
2003
2002
1999
1998
1996
1997
2001
2000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
DIRECT FILINGS IR FILINGS
0 %
5 %
10 %
15 %
20 %
30 %
25 %
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OPPOSITIONS BY LANGUAGE (2015)
EN ES FRDE IT
9.3 %
81.4 %
1.3 %3.8 %
4.1 %
The vast majority of oppositions are filed in English (81.4%), followed by German (9.3%) and Spanish (4.1%). These percentages have been stable during the past 15 years.
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OPPOSITIONS BY ORIGIN OF OWNER / OPPONENT
These 10 countries account for 71% of all opposition filings
CHPLNL
CNIT ES FRDE
USAU
K
0 %
5 %
15 %
10 %
20 %
CHPLNL
CNIT ES FRDE
USAU
K
0 %
5 %
15 %
10 %
20 %
% OF OPPOSITIONS RECEIVED (COMPARED TO ALL OPPOSITIONS)
% OF OPPOSITIONS RECEIVED (COMPARED TO ALL OPPOSITIONS)
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% OF OPPOSITION CLOSED BY DECISION, BY NATIONALITY OF OPPONENT
BEITFRLT PLCZBGSI HU GRPT ES EEROSKLV MTFI CYCH LU NL AT DE IE UK
DK
USA SE H
R0 %
On average, 32.4% of oppositions are closed by decision.
10 %
30 %
20 %
40 %
50 %
60 %
On average, 32.4% of oppositions are closed by decision.
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CANCELLATION FILINGS BY LANGUAGE (2015)
PL, 5IT, 28FR, 59
ES, 65DE, 236
EN, 1536
CS, 1NL, 2
SK, 1
CANCELLATION PROPENSITY BY EUTM CLASS (2015)
13 15 14 34 18 06 37 07 19 010,0 %
0,1 %
0,3 %
0,2 %
0,4 %
0,6 %
0,5 %
The number of cancellations are compared to the number of EUTMs in force for each individual class. Represented are the 5 classes that receive relatively most cancellations (in blue) and the 5 classes that with the fewest cancellations filed against them (in yellow).
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CANCELLATION FILINGS BY EUTM OWNER COUNTRY (2015)
DE US ES UK IT FR NL CH BE SE0
50
100
150
250
200
300
400
350
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EUTM RENEWAL OVERVIEW
RCD RENEWAL OVERVIEW
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0 %
20 %
60 %
40 %
80 %
100 %
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
% 1st % 2nd
20 %
60 %
40 %
EUTMs can be renewed 10 years after the initial filing.
A total of 35,204 filings received in 1996 were still in force and thus eligible for renewal in 2006. Of these EUTMs, 72% were renewed. Renewal rates for EUTMs from 1997 and later years range between 50% and 60%. Beginning in 2016, second renewals of EUTMs renewed in 2006 are possible.
RCDs can be renewed 5 years after the initial filing and for successive 5-year periods up to 25 years.
A total of 42,479 designs filed in 2003 were eligible for renewal in 2008. More than half of them were renewed (21,530 designs). In 2013, 29% of the 2003 RCDs were renewed for the second time.
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APPEALS FILED BY LANGUAGE OF PROCEEDINGS (2015)
APPEALS FILED BY COUNTRY OF APPELLANT
REST, 3 %
EN, 66 %
IT, 3 %FR, 4 %
ES, 5 %
DE, 19 %
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2014
DE USA ES UK IT FR CH AT NL SE
5 %
0 %
10 %
15 %
20 %
25 %
30 %
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APPEALS FILED BY CLASS (2015)
35 09 25 41 42 03 18 16 05 30 29 38 32 28 36 14 33 11 43 39 21 20 37 31 07 44 12 24 10 01 06 17 40 19 45 08 34 04 27 02 26 22 13 23 150 %
2 %
6 %
4 %
8 %
10 %
25 09 23 2 6 14 26 15 3 11 32 1 5 8 12 16 21 28 310 %
5 %
15 %
10 %
20 %
25 %
TRADE MARKS - NICE CLASSES
DESIGNS - LOCARNO CLASSES
The classes are included if they were part of the original EUTM / RCD filing, regardless of whether the appealed decision specifically concerns the class in question.
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APPEALS FILED BY CLASS IN RELATION TO EUTMS FILED BY CLASS (2015)
35
APPEALS
09 25 41 42 03 18 16 05 30 29 38 32 28 36 14 33 11 43 39 21 20 37 31 07 44 12 24 10 01 06 17 40 19 45 08 34 04 27 02 26 22 13 23 150 %
5 %
15 %
10 %
20 %
25 %
EUTM FILINGS
The classes are included if they were part of the original EUTM filing, regardless of whether the appealed decision specifically concerns the class in question.
The comparison is made with EUTM filings received in 2014. This may not necessarily coincide with the EUTM absolute or relative grounds decision being appealed.
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GENERAL COURT CASES LODGED BY LANGUAGE OF PROCEEDINGS (2015)
REST, 2 %
EN, 49 %
PL, 2 %IT, 5 %
FR, 5 %
ES, 9 %
DE, 28 %
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