european union intro tomas cahlik. outline deepening deepening enlargement enlargement transition in...
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European UnionEuropean Union Intro Intro
Tomas CahlikTomas Cahlik
OutlineOutline DeepeningDeepening EnlargementEnlargement Transition in the Central and Transition in the Central and East European CountriesEast European Countries EU Development since EU Development since 1990s1990s US – EU – EMU – Japan US – EU – EMU – Japan
Since WWII, two basic Since WWII, two basic processes have been processes have been forming Europe:forming Europe:EU DeepeningEU DeepeningEU EnlargementEU Enlargement
EU Deepening:EU Deepening: From the Sectoral Integration in From the Sectoral Integration in
the European Coal and Steel the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and Euratom Community (ECSC) and Euratom to:to:
Free Trade AreaFree Trade Area Customs UnionCustoms Union Common Market (1992 ?)Common Market (1992 ?) Full Economic Intergration Full Economic Intergration
(Eurozone 2002 ?)(Eurozone 2002 ?) Full Political Integration ?Full Political Integration ?
IntroductionIntroduction EU Enlargement:EU Enlargement:
1957: six founding members: Belgium, 1957: six founding members: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlandsthe Netherlands
1973: Denmark, Ireland and the United 1973: Denmark, Ireland and the United KingdomKingdom
1981: Greece1981: Greece 1986: 1986: Portugal and SpainPortugal and Spain 1995: 1995: Austria, Finland and SwedenAustria, Finland and Sweden 2004: 8 former socialist countries + 2004: 8 former socialist countries +
Cyprus and MaltaCyprus and Malta 2007: Romania, Bulgaria2007: Romania, Bulgaria Farther countries are on the waiting listFarther countries are on the waiting list
Since 1989, the third Since 1989, the third process process has has added:added: The Transition of Central The Transition of Central and East European and East European Countries (CEECc) from Countries (CEECc) from totalitarian dictatorships to totalitarian dictatorships to liberal democraciesliberal democracies
Transition in the CEECsTransition in the CEECs How it started?How it started?
The Collapse of the Soviet The Collapse of the Soviet Union (as a fundamental Union (as a fundamental change in external conditions)change in external conditions)++
The Support of PopulationThe Support of PopulationOpened the Window of Opened the Window of Opportunity forOpportunity for
The Leading Forces to The Leading Forces to remove the communist leadersremove the communist leaders
EU Development since EU Development since 1990s1990s
In the 1st half of the 90s, In the 1st half of the 90s, EU slowly accepted the EU slowly accepted the
idea for the eastern idea for the eastern enlargement enlargement
Geo-political costs and Geo-political costs and benefitsbenefits
Economic costs and benefitsEconomic costs and benefits Normative costs and Normative costs and
benefitsbenefits Enthusiasm for joining the Enthusiasm for joining the
EU was higher in the EU was higher in the CEECs in that timeCEECs in that time
EU Development since EU Development since 1990s1990s
EU policies have always EU policies have always been reflecting and been reflecting and influencing the processes influencing the processes of enlargement and of enlargement and deepening deepening
Analyses of changes in EU Analyses of changes in EU policies gives us the basic policies gives us the basic information about those information about those processes themselvesprocesses themselves
EU Development since EU Development since 1990s1990s
EU External PoliciesEU External Policies Enlargement PolicyEnlargement Policy Trade PolicyTrade Policy Development PolicyDevelopment Policy CFSP – Common Foreign and CFSP – Common Foreign and
Security PolicySecurity Policy
EU Development since EU Development since 1990s1990s
Enlargement Policy since Enlargement Policy since 1990s:1990s: Copenhagen Criteria – 1993 – for Copenhagen Criteria – 1993 – for
EU accession:EU accession: Political CriterionPolitical Criterion Economic CriterionEconomic Criterion Criterion concerning adoption of Criterion concerning adoption of
the Community „acquis“the Community „acquis“
EU Development since EU Development since 1990s1990s
Selected areas for EU Selected areas for EU Internal PoliciesInternal Policies Internal MarketInternal Market EMU (Economic and Monetary EMU (Economic and Monetary
Union)Union) EU Budget and TaxationEU Budget and Taxation
EU Development since EU Development since 1990s1990s
Internal Market – the main Internal Market – the main achievement of the EUachievement of the EU Indicator of its importance for the Indicator of its importance for the
EU: First four of the 31 negotiating EU: First four of the 31 negotiating chapters in the enlargement chapters in the enlargement negotiations were about 4 basic negotiations were about 4 basic freedoms on the internal market: freedoms on the internal market: Free movement of goodsFree movement of goods Free movement of personsFree movement of persons Free movement of servicesFree movement of services Free movement of capitalFree movement of capital
EU Development since EU Development since 1990s1990s
EMU EMU The Eurozone: 16 member The Eurozone: 16 member
states of the EU that have a states of the EU that have a common currency (the Euro) common currency (the Euro) and a common monetary and a common monetary policypolicy
EU Development since EU Development since 1990s1990s
EMU EMU Maastrich criteria for Maastrich criteria for
accesion into the Eurozone: accesion into the Eurozone: Low inflationLow inflation Low interest rateLow interest rate Low public deficitLow public deficit Low public debtLow public debt 2 years membership in the ERM 2 years membership in the ERM
II (practically fixing of the II (practically fixing of the exchange rate of domestic exchange rate of domestic curency to Euro)curency to Euro)
EU Development since EU Development since 1990s1990s
EU BudgetEU Budget Relatively low in comparison Relatively low in comparison
with the USA federal budgetwith the USA federal budget Multianual financial framework Multianual financial framework
2007-20132007-2013 Main outlay categoriesMain outlay categories
Sustainable growthSustainable growth Competitiveness for growth and employmentCompetitiveness for growth and employment Cohesion for growth and employmentCohesion for growth and employment
Preservation and management of natural resourcesPreservation and management of natural resources Citizenship, freedom, security and justiceCitizenship, freedom, security and justice The European Union as a global partnerThe European Union as a global partner