Europeans and Native Americans in the

Northeast

U.S. History Chapter 2.3

I. The Fur Trade

A. Samuel de Champlain1. Founded Quebec, along St. Lawrence River;

good strategic location 2. Agent of French joint stock company3. Wanted to find navigable waterway to reach China

B. The French Pattern of Interaction in North America

1. Fur trade essential to French, so trade required with Native Americans

2. New France extended into Canada; colonist prosperous-French acted as trade agents between natives and European merchants

C. The Dutch Pattern of Interaction

1. 1621 Dutch West India Trading Co. formed- commercial outpost New Amsterdam (New York)

2. Wanted simple trade with Native Americans (not to conquer them)

D. Native Americans Interact with Europeans in the Fur Trade

1. Provided furs to Europeans in exchange for goods (guns, cloth, jewelry)

2. New France-adopted Catholic rituals from missionaries

3. Iroquois powerful group-successful in war and trade-allies with French & Dutch

II. Puritans in New England

A. Plymouth, Massachusetts (1620)1. 1630 – Great Migration –English to New England

colonies 2. Immigrants founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony3. Most came to colonies to avoid religious persecution -

didn’t like hierachy of church (elaborate worship; only wanted to read, study Bible)

4. Puritans (Protestant Church of England) main group to immigrate –social unrest & economic depression proved to Puritans, England had fallen from God’s favor; new society needed.

III. The Transformation of New England

1. Replaced forests with fields

a. Cultivated cropsb. Raised

domesticated animals for food

Continued…………………..

A. Treatment of Native Americans1. Wanted to make over in the English image

B. The Puritan Community2. Believed that social order begins with personal

order 3. Had strong sense of community and community

support4. Worked hard, lived long lives

D. Dissent from the Community

1. Puritans did not believe in religious toleration

2. Punished those who disagreed with their teachings

3. Dissenters like Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson, and Mary Dyer banned or killed

IV. Anne HutchinsonA. Moved with family to Boston to escape heavy taxes B. Devout follower of Rev. John Cotton (congregations control church, not leaders)

C. Conflict between her and church leaders; God first-bypass leaders in spiritual matters D. Banished to Narragansett Bay (Rhode Island) she and family killed by Native Americans 1643.