europe's ai strategy and the cooperation potential for new ... · •an advanced robotics...
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13.12.2018
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[email protected] www.epicproject.eu
Europe's AI Strategy and the cooperation potential for New Zealand
Erich Prem, eutema
www.epicproject.eu
EPIC Europe's ICT innovation partnership with
Australia, Singapore and New Zealand
Identification of cooperation
priorities
Supporting dialogue
Exchange and preparation
visits
Recommen-dations for
cooperation
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Internationalization of RTDI – and the 3 webs
Fragmentation into internets Global sourcing
of knowledge
Great FirewallDSMNo limits
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The Digital Single Market
AI Initiative
HPC Initiative
Cybersecurity
non-personal data e-ID
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New EU data regulation regime
Reaction to new technologies, platforms and business models
Foundation for new ways of doing business, new opportunities
New positioning of Europe as a kind of save haven for personal data
Clear rules for giving consent, access to data
Right to portability (platforms)
Strict rules for companies to inform about
breaches
Special rules for profiling: right to
explanation (information)
Right to be forgotten
GDPR
Improved data protection for citizens (GDPR)
Free-flow of non-personal data within EU
Forthcoming ePrivacy regulation
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Promising areas for ICT RTDI
Giving consent Anonymization
Forgetting Explaining
Ethical profiling
• Biggest challenge: utilizing big data potential while preserving privacy
• Differential privacy
• Privacy-aware machine learning
• Homomorphic encryption
Challenge for purely advertising-based business models
Market opportunities for privacy enhancing
technologies, new services and standards
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EPIC Focus Topics (DSM)
Artificial Intelligence
IoT, wearables, I4.0
Digital Economy / Digital
Disruption
Next Generation Internet
Cyber SecuritySpatial
Intelligence
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Promises of AI• AI technologies and applications have the potential to
drastically improve performance in multiple areas, including medicine (diagnostics and treatment), finance (control and monitoring), etc.
• Public services can benefit in many ways, e.g. through improving content accessibility, environmental protection tools or climatology.
• AI is also driving advances in consumer applications such as navigation, speech translation, and personal assistant apps.
• Cost reductions in the manufacturing and services industry are foreseeable due to increases in efficiency and productivity.
• Most applications require human interaction with AI, as it would mostly be used as a supplementary tool assisting the user.
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AI Dystopia• Harm from AI is most likely to be human-driven. AI is
primarily a tool which can and probably will be abused for actively malicious actions; weaponisation of AI: hacking, mass-manipulation, etc.
• Unintended and unforeseen harm could result from imprudent applications of AI technology in sensitive areas, e.g. software that repeats discrimination and bias; unanticipated interactions within complex systems.
• A concern are structural ramifications, leading to an asymmetry between AI ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’ – also geopolitically (US vs. China, N-S divide).
• The proliferation of AI in the public sphere may result in an erosion of civil rights and personal liberties - challenges to liberal democratic governance.
• At the individual level, relying increasingly on AI systems may reduce our abilities, e.g. illiteracy, map-reading.
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AI Realism: the Case of Austria• Austria – population 8.6 million
• 600-700 companies identified as producing or developing AI solutions
• Huge demand for AI experts on job market
• Significant part of R&I projects –not just within ICT
• Most AI companies produce software, often with consulting
• Austrian case: strong relation to machining and automotive industry
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Application of AI in Austria
• Automated driving
• Logistics, e.g. supply chain disruption prediction
• Predictive maintenance
• Data analysis
• Optimization of industry plants, e.g. wind and gas turbines
• Configuration tools (logic-based approaches)
• Knowledge management
• Privacy preservation
• Image and text analysis
• Automated model construction
• Counting fried chicken at Oktoberfest
• Recognizing financial documents
• …
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Challenges today
• Qualified staff
• AI-expertise of non-ICT staff
• AI-expertise of ICT experts
• Data strategy – even for larger service actors in banking or insurance
• Risky development of new applications
• Low penetration in service sector
• Speed, processes, environments
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EC AI Plan: what we need• Massive lack of (diversity of) AI developers, demographic plurality and
multidisciplinary specialisations: public policy initiatives for more diversity. Ethical guidelines, codes of conducts, or a Hippocratic Oath.
• Human-centred regulatory frameworks to uphold principles of accountability, intelligibility and transparency, ensuring citizens’ trust into AI applications. Effective auditing and assessment procedures to enforce regulation.
• Updated education system to reflect the demand for new skill sets.Preparing for the implementation of AI in the workplace is key for a successful transition. Equipping humans with the necessary common sense and a healthy level of distrust when dealing with AI will be essential: digital and AI literacy and ethics, critical thinking are focus points, bridging the STEM-humanities divide.
• Although public sector and policymakers should embrace AI, caution when deploying AI systems in core public agencies (e.g. law enforcement, justice, health, welfare) - here critical decision-making should remain human.
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Europe’s starting position• The EU’s diversity and cultural richness, experience in providing quality
STEM education, its skilled workforce, and a strong position regarding fundamental research on AI.
• Competitive disadvantage vis-à-vis the US and China is the EU’s lack of a homogeneous (language) market. Absence of leading big-data corporations (Facebook, Amazon, etc.) and low private sector activity in AI R&D.
• EU has high credibility in leading the global debate on AI governance, as a promoter of ethical standards and a champion of data privacy protection. Potentially a third, European way between the USA and China.
• EU could act as a guardian of public trust, due process, ethics, and high standards of accountability — guaranteeing safety and fairness for people within the EU and beyond.
• Opportunity for a comprehensive EU strategy not only for fostering the healthy development of the AI sector, but also for defining the parameters within which this shall take place.
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Europe’s strengths• Research excellence (the EU accounts for one-fifth of the world’s R&D
investment, and 23% of the global public R&D. With more than 8 million researchers, the EU is the economy with the largest number of researchers). Moreover, most big tech companies have already or are setting research labs in the EU
• The Digital Single Market, whose common rules facilitate business and technology adoption across borders;
• A large number of startups (Startup Hubs maps almost 1 million startups, with a €426 billion revenue);
• An advanced robotics sector (32% of current world market: 1/3 of Industrial robotics market, 63% of professional service non-military robot market);
• The availability of public data (the report Economic Benefit of Open Data calculates a €325 billion direct market size for the period 2016-2020 and 25.000 jobs in Open Data per year)
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Europe’s Strategic Approach to AI
Strengthening the tech and industrial side of AI
Promoting the uptake of AI by private European
companies
Preparing the change via the social and cultural framework (non-tech aspects like impact on
jobs, ethics, diversity…)
AI AllianceAI Hi-Level
Expert Group
Digital Innovation
Hubs
Ethical guidelines, democratization,
on-demand platform
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Europe’s AI Strategy: money
Current AI investments low
•around € 3 bn (Asia € 10 bn, US € 18 bn)
•Start-up investments are only at the level of Israel
•Threat for the EU and other countries: becoming a data provider for somebody else’s AI
EU will invest
• € 1.5 bn from H2020 until 2020 to trigger another € 2.5 bn
•Additional plan is for EU Investment Bank to fund additional € 500 m (2020)
•Potential launch of an EU Investment Fund of VentureEU(€2.1bn, but % AI not specified)
• After 2020: new multiannual financial framework
• New EU Defence Fund (€ 13 bn)
• Proposal of € 114.8 bn for research
• Digital Europe (Dig.Transformation) €9.2bn – this also mentions AI
• Digital Innovation Hubs
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Europe’s AI Strategy: member states• 25 Member States (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, UK, Norway) signed a Declaration of Cooperation on AI
• Open letter to create a dedicated AI hub: ELLIS
• Italy: AI White Paper, where the human part and the role of creativity are quite central (the subtitle is “at the service of citizens”). The aim is to improve the public administration via AI: the Agency has promised to invest €5 millions
• Germany, the Plattform LernendeSysteme, which was launched by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in 2017, has as a goal “designing self-learning systems for the benefit of society is the goal pursued by”.
• Macron: €1.5 bn over 5 years
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France’s AI Strategy
• 1 Developing an aggressive data policy
• 2 Targeting four strategic sectors
• 3 Boosting the potential of French research
• 4 Planning for the impact of AI on labour
• 5 Making AI more environmentally friendly
• 6 Opening up the black boxes of AI
• 7 Ensuring that AI supports inclusivity and diversity
Villani Report: For a meaningful AIHealth,
environment, mobility, security
Intermin.coord., public
procurement, research, training,
…
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Germany’s AI Strategy
• Making Germany a leading AI-location contributing to Germany’s competitiveness
• Responsible and public welfare oriented development and use of AI
• Establishing a broad societal dialogue and an active political design to embed AI ethically, lawfully, culturally and institutionally in society
Deutsche KI Strategie100 new professors, a national research
network of 12 competence
centres, support for SMEs, more
venture capital and a European science
cluster…
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Summary and outlook
Plethora of strategies
Strategies of cities, provinces, countries
Plans from EU and large countries: often coordinating
Fear of missing out and ethical aspects
General aspects of education, training, ethics omnipresent
International cooperation
Role very clear for AI technology
Privacy and data aspects – including regulation, concepts, and technologies
Struggle of smaller regions to compete with large players
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EPIC project
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info at epicproject.eu
@EPIC_ProjectEU
EPIC Partner in New Zealand
Jonathan Miller
Callaghan Innovation
Jonathan Miller [email protected]
Contact
DDr. Erich Prem
eutema GmbH
www.eutema.com
prem at eutema.com