ev-1
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The EV1: Electric Car of the 90s
Figure 1
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Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
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World Solar Challenge
First solar vehicle competition Held in Australia in November 1987 Major US car manufacturers like Ford and GM
participated Results stimulated interest in
electric cars in the automobile
industry
Figure 6
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California and the EV1 During the 1990s California had a
tremendous smog and pollution problem that needed to be addressed.
California Air and Resources Board (CARB) passed a Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Mandate
Required car manufacturers to sell ZEVs if they wanted to sell cars in California
Lead to the development of EV cars
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Design and Technology
Two seat cabin
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Figure 7
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Design and Technology
Two seat cabin No key required
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Figure 8
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Design and Technology
Two seat cabin No key required Accelerates from 0-60 in 8 seconds
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Design and Technology
Two seat cabin No Key required Accelerates from 0-60 in 8 seconds Top average speed = 80 mph
Highest clocked speed = 183 mph
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Figure 10
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Figure 11
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Battery Specs 1st generation EV1 carried a 26 lead-
acid cell battery Average range: 60-80 miles per charge Complete charge takes approx. 3 hrs
220 volt 6kW chargerCharger plugs into the front of the car
Figure 13
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Charging Unit
Figure 14
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Battery Specs
2nd generation EV1 carried a NiMH batteryDeveloped by Stan Ovshinsky
Range: 100-120 miles Complete charge in approx. 5 hrs Used the same charger as 1st gen.
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Cost of the EV1
Sold at ~$33,995, or leased for about $399 a month
Cost of operating an EV1 = Cost of operating a gasoline car EXCEPT gas costs 0.60 cents a gallon!
Maintenance is minimalPerformed every 5000 milesNo extra products
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What happened to the EV1?
Approximately 4,000 leased GM recalled and took back every car in
less than 10 years Crushed, shredded and destroyed
BeforeFigure 18 After
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Who Killed the EV1?
Consumers Government Oil Companies Automotive Industry
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General Motors
Poor marketing http://noolmusic.com/myspace_videos/g
eneral_motors_ev-1_tv_commercial_4.php
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGdNTOdemBw
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GM Claims
Claim: Wasn’t enough demand Truth: EV1 had a waiting list of
thousands of buyers. Claim: Cars and batteries were too
expensive to make. Truth: Mass production could have
helped streamline costs.
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GM Motive
Why would GM want to get rid of the EV1?Profit LossNo need for servicing parts like oil filtersOil company connection?
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Oil Companies
Funded opposition to the EV1 Profit loss
Trillions of dollars of profits still left in oil reserves
13.5 million barrels a day in 2004
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Government Bush’s 2004 Economic Incentive Plan
Tax credit for EVs: $4,000Tax credit for luxury SUVs: $100,000
Joined Automotive Companies in suing CARB over the ZEV Mandate
Emphasis on Hydrogen Fuel Cell Development
Fuel economy standards have not improved since CAFÉ standards were adopted in 1975s
OPEC dropped oil prices
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Consumers
Consumers were cautious to accepting the electric car
Many were ignorant to that it even existed
Many couldn’t see the difference between gas cars and EV cars
Consumers will buy what you market to them that they need to buy
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Conclusion Although the EV1 did have limitations, it
possessed the potential to be a viable vehicle alternative.
Had the EV1 remained on the market, significant progress in the development of electric vehicles could have been made.
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Figures Work Cited1. "EV1." Photograph. Carfree World.9 Nov. 2008 <http://www.carsareevil.com/images/gm_ev1.jpg>.
2. "1998 Electric Ford Ranger." Photographs. How Stuff Works.9 Nov. 2008 <http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/1990-1999-ford-trucks-40.jpg>.
3. "Ford Think." Photograph. 21stcentury.co.uk. 9 Nov. 2008 <http://www.21stcentury.co.uk/images/cars/ford_th!nk.jpg>.
4. "Honda EV Plus." Photograph. AutoWorld.9 Nov. 2008 <http://www.autoworld.com/news/Honda/ev_plus.jpg>.
5. "Nissan Altra." Photograph. The Auto Channel.9 Nov. 2008 <http://www.theautochannel.com/cybercast/laautoshow98/images/nissan_altra_ev.jpg>.
6. "World Solar Challenge." Photograph. 1990 World Solar Challenge.9 Nov. 2008 <http://www-personal.umich.edu/~sdbest/solarcar/Wsc1990.htm>.
7-9, 12, 14. "Miscellaneous EV1." Photograph. EV1 FAQ.9 Nov. 2008 <http://www.ev1.pair.com/charge_across_america/charge_html/faqs.html#anchor2778139. >.
10-11. "Inside the EV1." Diagram. EV1 Club.6 Nov. 2008 <http://ev1-club.power.net/evpics.htm>.
13. "EV1 Engine." Photograph. Motortrend Blog.9 Nov. 2008 <http://image.motortrend.com/f/editorial/no-one-killed-the-electric-car-it-was-dead-on-arrival/9814174+cr1+re0+ar1/gm-ev1-engine.jpg>.
16. "EV1 Battery." Photograph. JCWinni-Photobucket.9 Nov. 2008 <http://i160.photobucket.com/albums/t175/jcwinni/gmphev5.png>.
17. "EV1 Graveyard - December, 2003- Before." Digital Photograph. EV1 Club.5 Nov. 2008 <http://ev1-club.power.net/archive/031219/jpg/before1.htm>.
18. "EV1 Graveyard - December, 2003- After." Digital Photograph. EV1 Club.5 Nov. 2008 <http://ev1-club.power.net/archive/031219/jpg/after2.htm>.
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References "History of Electric Vehicles from 1990 to 1998." EV History. 1
About.com. 5 Nov. 2008 <http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aacarselectric2a.htm>.
Trexlar, Kris. Charge Across America. 1 Jan. 9 Nov. 2008 <http://www.ev1.pair.com/charge_across_america/charge_html/faqs.html#anchor2843536>.
"United States." The World Factbook. 1 CIA. 9 Nov. 2008 <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/print/us.html>.
Who Killed the Electric Car. Dir. Chris Paine: DVD. Sony Pictures, 2006.
"Who Killed the Electric Car." NOW. 9 June 2006. PBS. 5 Nov. 2008 <http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/223/>.
Who Killed the Electric Car. Sony Pictures Classics. 5 Nov. 2008 <http://www.sonyclassics.com/whokilledtheelectriccar/electric.html>.