13.4.2016 1

EV charging

Juha Vesa

SESKO

Development Manager

How EVs are charged?

What are the most important international charging standards?

13.4.2016 2

– Short survey on standardization

• What is a standard?

• How they are prepared?

– Standards and legislation

– How EVs are charged?

– What are the most important international charging standards?

Content

13.4.2016 3

What is a standard? Formal definition of a standard in SFS-EN 45020: Document, established by consensus and

approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context.

Standards are developed and defined through a process of sharing knowledge and building

consensus among technical experts nominated by interested parties and other stakeholders -

including businesses, consumers and environmental groups, among others.

There are several different types of standards. Basically, standards include requirements and/or

recommendations in relation to products, systems, processes or services. Standards can also be a

way to describe a measurement or test method or to establish a common terminology within a

specific sector.

On the fast developing areas certain pre-standards are prepared quickly (IEC/PAS, IEC/TS, IEC/TR).

These will be implemented as a standards after couple of years (E.g. Led technology.

Standards

– set out requirements for a specific item, material, component, system or service

– describe in detail a particular method or procedure

– facilitate international trade by ensuring compatibility and interoperability of

components, products and services

– bring benefits to businesses and consumers in terms of reducing costs, enhancing

performance and improving safety.

4

Standardization organization

Global

Europe

Finland

General Electrotechnology Communication

IEC = International Electrotechnical Commission

CENELEC = European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization

13.4.2016

ISO

CEN

ITU

ETSI

TC 22/SC 21 23H, 64, 69, 121B etc.

23H, 64, 69X etc.

SK 23, SK 64, SK 69

TC 301

13.4.2016 5

Different electrotechnical standards IEC-standards (Global)

– IEC, IEC/PAS, IEC/TS, CISPR, ISO/IEC Total 6200 pcs

– European (and national) standards are based on these.

EN-standards (European)

– Identical in all CENELEC members countries (SFS-EN, BSI-EN, SS-

EN jne.)

– Conflicting national standars are not allowed

– Can be harmonized with regard to directives

– 85 % of ENs are based on IEC-standards (EN 6xxxx) ja (EN 550xx),

rest are home-grown European standards (EN 50xxx) ja (EN 13xxxx)

(applications for railways, alarm systems, HBES)

HD-harmonization document (European)

– Can be adopted as national standards, conflicting national standards are

not allowed

– Energy cables, low-voltage installation

SFS-standards (Finnish)

– 95 % identical with EN-standards (SFS-EN xxxxx)

– Less than 10 % are in Finnish, rest are in English

– Homegrown standards: Revision of old national standards e.g. for

accessories of overhead lines, terminology or standards on areas where

no EN-standards exist (low-voltage installation, household plugs and

socket-outlet)

6

Preparation of IEC-, EN- and SFS-standards (parallel procedure)

WG/MT members

IEC CENELEC SESKO

Proposal stage (NP)

Maintenance

Committee stage (CD)

Enquiry stage (CDV)

IEC Publication

Parallel FDIS-

vote

EN Publication

Proposal or vote on NP-draft

National enquiry

Vote (IEC & CENELEC)

Comments on EN-draft

Vote (IEC & CENELEC)

National enquiry

SFS-EN-standard

Preparatory stage

M

A

I

N

T

E

N

A

N

C

E

C

Y

C

L

E

Approval stage (FDIS)

BT:n ratification SESKOs Managing director

Parallel CDV-

vote

Comments from expert

groups

13.4.2016

UAP

UAP

Technical content is fixed !!!

SFS-standard is prepared in IEC !!!

Last stage to give comments !!!

13.4.2016 7

EU/national legislation and standards

1. Products

EU New Legislative Framework -directives (e.g.

LVD 2014/35/EU, EMC 2014/30/EU, ATEX

2014/34/EU) have to be implemented by all

countries.

Give only essential requirements on safety, health,

environment and consumer protection.

Refer to harmonized standards (EN) with regard to

detailed requirements.

Product complying with the EN-standard listed

under the directive, fulfills also requirements of

directive and of national legislation.

Harmonized standard gives the presumption of

conformity. The free movement of products is

ensured.

It is still on the voluntary basis to use EN-standards

and essential requirements of the directive can be

fulfilled also by some other way.

2. Installations

No EU-directives for electrical installations

and equipment.

National legislation is needed for electrical

installations in Finland.

These decrees (KTMp 1193/1999 ja

1194/1999) are ”like directives” and they

give a special status for national

standards concerning electrical

installations (new regulation 2016-04)

Finnish Safety Authority lists applicable

standards (Guide S-10)

– E.g. SFS 6000, SFS 6001, SFS-EN

50341, SFS-EN 60079-14

Standard is a voluntary document but the easiest way to declare compliance with requirements of

1. directives and national legislation (products) and 2. national legislation (installations).

13.4.2016 8

Intended charging modes for EVs – SFS-EN 61851-1

Mode 3 charging (Basic charging)

– AC supply from a dedicated EV socket-outlet or

connetor

– 1-, 2- or 3-phase charging with AC up to 3x63 A or

1x70 A

– Extended safety functionalities

• Continuous protective earth conductor

continuity checking

• No proper connection, no voltage

– Extended control possibilities (e.g. controlling the

charging current)

– Feeding back electricity from V2G

Mode 4 charging (Power charging)

– DC charging from an external charger

– Fixed charging cable in a charging station

– Enables flexible and controllable charging with a

theoratically max. power 120-170 kW

13.4.2016 9

Occasional charging and LEV charging

Mode 2 charging (slow charging) SFS-EN 61851-1

– 1-, 2 or 3-phase charging with AC up to 32 A

– Charging cable is equipped with an in-cable control box

(IC-CPD) which includes control and safety related

functionalities such as restriction of the charging current

– IC-CPD provides extended safety functionalities as

mode 3

Mode 1 charging (LEV charging, class II) IEC 61851-3

– An AC charging method from household socket-

outlets

– Supplying circuit shall be provided with an RCD

– Class II equipment

– Normally used for LEVs

13.4.2016 10

Wireless charging, battery swapping

Wireless charging

IEC 61980-1:2015 Electric vehicle wireless

power transfer systems (WPT) - Part 1:

General requirements

Draft IEC/TS 61980-2 Ed. 1.0 Part 2

Communication between EV and

infrastructure with respect to wireless power

transfer (WPT) systems, will be published

2017

Draft IEC/TS 61980-3 Ed. 1.0 Part 3 Specific

requirements for the magnetic field power

transfer systems, will be published 2017

Battery swapping

Draft IEC/TS 62840-1 Ed. 1.0 Electric

vehicle battery swap system. Part 1:

System description and general

requirements, will be published 2016

Draft IEC 62840-2 Ed. 1.0 Part 2:

Safety requirements, will be published

2016

13.4.2016 11

Safety standards for conductive charging

From charging point to EV

SFS-EN 61851-1 Safety requirements

SFS-EN 61851-21 On- and off-board charger EMC

SFS-EN 61851-23 DC-charging station

SFS-EN 61851-24 Comm. between DC-charging station and EV

SFS-EN 62196-1 & -2 AC plug, socket-outlet, connector, inlet

SFS-EN 62196-1 & -3 DC and AC/DC connector, inlet

prEN 50620 Charging cable

From grid to charging point

SFS 6000-7-722 Supply of charging station (fixed installation)

SFS 6000-8-813 Selection of socket-outlets etc.

IEC/TS 61439-7 Charging post (enclosures etc.)

SFS-EN 61000-6-2 & -3 EMC, immunity and emission

SFS-EN 61140 Protection against electric shock

SFS-EN 61508 Functional safety

13.4.2016 12

Standards concerning EV, communication and security

Communication & Security

ISO/IEC 15118 -sarja V2G Communication

SFS-EN 61850-7-420 DER logical nodes

ISO/IEC 15408 –series Security technics

ISO/IEC 27001-1 Security technics

Safety of EV

ISO 6469, ISO 17409

Battery cells and packs

SFS-EN 62660-1, -2

ISO 12405-1, -2, -3

EMC of EV (general)

ISO 7637, 11451, 11452

13.4.2016 13

Requirements of charging system (SFS-EN 61851-1)

– Scope

– Normative references

– Terms and definitions

– General requirements

– Classification

– Charging modes and functions

– Communications

– Protection against electric shock

– Conductive electrical interface

requirements

– Requirements for adaptors

– Cable assembly requirements

– EV supply equipment constructional

requirements and tests

– Overload and short-circuit protection

– Automatic reclosing of protective devices

– Emergency switching or disconnect

(optional)

– Marking and instructions

– Annexes (e.g. control pilot function, current

coding, charging circuit diagrams)

Degrees of protection against access to hazardous live parts

Stored energy

Disconnection of plug connected EVSE

Loss of supply voltage to permanently connected EVSE

Fault protection

Protective conductor

Residual current protective devices

Safety requirements for signalling circuits between the EVSE and

the EV

Isolating transformers

Mechanical switching devices (Switch, Contactor, CB,

Relay, etc.)

Clearances and creepage distances & IP classes

Touch current

Dielectric withstand voltage & Insulation resistance

Temperature rise

Damp heat functional test

Minimum temperature functional test

Mechanical Strength

13.4.2016 14

– Scope

– Normative references

– Terms and definitions

– Conductor arrangement and system earthing

– Division of installation (a dedicated circuit for electric vehicles)

– Protection for safety (protection against electric shock)

– Measures against electromagnetic influences

– Requirements for wireless charging

– Selection and erection of electrical equipment

– Operational conditions and external influences (water, foreign objects, impacts)

– Isolation, switching and control

– Devices for protection against indirect contact by automatic disconnection of supply (RCD)

– Devices for protection against overcurrent

– Co-ordination of various protective devices

– Protective conductors

– Socket-outlets and vehicle connectors

– Low voltage generating sets (charging EV from battery banks, feeding back electricity from

electric vehicles into installation)

Modified or new requirements in italics when compared to SFS 6000-7-722:2012

Requirements of supplies for electric vehicles (SFS 6000-7-722:201x)

13.4.2016

15

Accessories for EV charging

Type 1 Type 2

max. 3 x 63 A, 480 V AC

European solution in public

charging points according to

AFI-directive (2014/94/EU)

Mode 3 charging (basic sharging) – SFS-EN 62196-2

CHAdeMO

CCS 2 (Combo 2)

200 A, 1000 V DC

Mode 4 charging (power charging) – SFS-EN 62196-3

13.4.2016 16

AFID (2014/94/EU) On the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure

Up to 22 kW

Above 22 kW

13.4.2016 17

Multi-standard charger solution CHAdeMO

CCS

AC

Source: ABB

13.4.2016 18

Requested work programme related to AFID (M/533)

European standards (ENs) on electricity supply Publication to

be availlable

Technical specifications with a single solution for wireless

recharging for passenger cars and light duty vehicles

interoperable with the specification contained in IEC/TS 61980-3

Ed. 1.0 or its later edition

31.12.2019

Technical specifications with a single solution for battery

swapping for electric vehicles

31.12.2022

Technical specifications with a single solution for electric bus

supply connectors and socket outlet. If feasible, this technical

interoperable solution should be based on the standard

developed for electric passenger cars and light duty vehicles

31.12.2019

Technical specifications with a single solution for electric bus

wireless recharging

31.12.2018

Specifications as a recommended interoperable solution for AC

normal recharging points for L-category motor vehicles

31.12.2016

Type 1

Type 2

13.4.2016 19

New applications challenge old solutions and standards

SFS 5610 ”Household plugs and socket-outlets”

– Temperature rise test 22 A, 1h

– Max. mass 0,5 kg

SO in EV charging

– 10 – 16 A , 8 - 10 h

– Mass > 0,5 kg

SFS-EN 62196-2 ”EV plugs and socket-outlets”

– Max. 63 A

– Durable construction

Charging current shall be limited to

a lower level!!!

13.4.2016 20

High load profile (HLP) plug and socket-outlet (Draft)

IEC 60884-1 ”Normal profile” plug

– Temperature rise test 22 A, 1 h

– ΔT = 45 K

– Mass 0,5 kg

IEC 60884-1 ”High load profile plugs”

– Under preparation

– Crimp connections

– Solid pins

– 16 A/2,5 mm2

– Temperature rise test 26 A, 5 h +1 h, min. 125 cycles

– ΔT = 35 K

0,5 million socket-outlets for car

heaters...

13.4.2016 21

Installation (SK 64), control and switchgear box (SK 121B ) ja connectors (SK 23)

IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (1)

Number Title

SFS 6000-7-722 Low-voltage electrical installations. Part 7-722: Requirements for special installations

or locations. Supply of Electric vehicle (will be revised 2017)

SFS 6000-8-813 Part 8-813: Supplementary requirements. Selection and erection of plugs and socket

outlets

IEC 61439-7 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 7: Assemblies for specific

installations at public sites such as marinas, camping sites, market squares and similar

applications and for charging stations for Electrical Vehicles, will be published 2017

SFS-EN 62196-1 Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets - Conductive charging of

electric vehicles - Part 1: General requirements

SFS-EN 62196-2 Part 2: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for a.c. pin and

contact-tube accessories

SFS-EN 62196-3

Part 3: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for dedicated d.c.

and combined a.c./d.c. pin and contact-tube vehicle couplers

IEC/TS 62196-4 Part 4: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for a.c., d.c. and

a.c./ d.c. vehicle couplers for Class II or Class III light electric vehicles (LEV)

Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published

13.4.2016 22

Charging systems (SK 69)

IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (2)

Number Title

SFS-EN 61851-1 Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 1: General requirements

(3rd Ed. will be published 2016)

IEC 61851-21-1 Part 21-1: Electric vehicle onboard charger EMC requirements for conductive

connection to a.c./d.c. supply, will be published 2016

IEC 61851-21-2 Part 21-2: EMC requirements for OFF board charging systems, will be published 2017

SFS-EN 61851-23 Part 23: D.C electric vehicle charging station

Draft 61851-23-1 Part 23-1: DC Charging with an automatic connection system (Finland active!!!)

SFS-EN 61851-24 Part 24: Control communication protocol between off-board d.c. charger and EV

SFS-EN 61980-1 EV wireless power transfer systems (WPT) - Part 1: General requirements

IEC/TS 61980-2 Part 2: Communication between EV and infrastructure with respect to (WPT) systems

IEC/TS 61980-3 Part 3 specific requirements for the magnetic field power transfer systems.

IEC/TS 62840-1 Electric vehicle battery exchange infrastructure safety requirements

IEC 62840-2 Part 2: Safety requirements

Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published

13.4.2016 23

Charging systems – Light electric vehicles (Class II) (SK 69)

IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (3)

Number Title

IEC/TS 61851-3-1 Electric Vehicles conductive power supply system - Part 3-1: General Requirements

for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) AC and DC conductive power supply systems

IEC/TS 61851-3-2 Part 3-2: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) DC off-board conductive

power supply systems

IEC/TS 61851-3-3

Part 3-3: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) battery swap systems

IEC/TS 61851-3-4 Part 3-4: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) communication

IEC/TS 61851-3-5 Part 3-5: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles communication - Pre-defined

communication parameters

IEC/TS 61851-3-6 Part 3-6, Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles communication - Voltage converter

unit

IEC/TS 61851-3-7 Part 3-7, Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles communication - Battery system

Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published

13.4.2016 24

Communication V2G

IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (4)

Number Title

ISO 15118-1 Road vehicles - Vehicle to grid communication interface - Part 1: General information

and use-case definition

ISO 15118-2 Part 2: Technical protocol description and Open Systems Interconnections (OSI) layer

requirements

ISO 15118-3 Part 3: Physical and data link layer requirements

ISO 15118-4 Part 4: Network and application protocol conformance test

ISO 15118-5 Part 5: Physical and data link layer conformance tests

ISO 15118-6 Part 6: General information and use-case definition for wireless communication

ISO 15118-7 Part 7: Network and application protocol requirements for wireless communication

ISO 15118-8 Part 8: Physical layer and data link layer requirements for wireless communication

Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published

13.4.2016 25

Data model, security

IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (5)

Number Title

SFS-EN 61850-7-420 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation - Part 7-420:

Basic communication structure - Distributed energy resources logical nodes

IEC/TR 61850-90-8 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation - Part 90-8: IEC

61850 object models for electric mobility

ISO/IEC 15408-1 Information technology -- Security techniques -- Evaluation criteria for IT security --

Part 1: Introduction and general model

ISO/IEC 15408-2 Part 2: Security functional components

ISO/IEC 15408-3 Part 3: Security assurance components

ISO/IEC 27001-1 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management

systems – Requirements

Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published

13.4.2016 26

Charging cable (SK 20) and mode 2 control box (IEC SC 23E)

IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (6)

Number Title

prEN 50620 Cables for electric vehicles

SFS-EN 62752 In-Cable Control and Protective Device for mode 2 charging of electric road vehicles

(IC-CPD)

Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published

13.4.2016 27

Horizontal standards

IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (7)

Number Title

SFS-EN 61000-6-2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-2: Generic standards - Immunity for

industrial environments

SFS-EN 61000-6-3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-3: Generic standards - Emission

standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments

SFS-EN 61140 Protection against electric shock - Common aspects for installation and equipment

SFS-EN 61508

Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related

systems

Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published

13.4.2016 28

World is changing – Future trends concerning EVs

– Safety is still a key issue

• Car (dangerous voltages < 400 V vs. 12 V/24 V

during normal use, maintenance, accidents)

• Charging system (dangerous voltages and

currents < 1000 V/200 A (or even 350 A))

– Electronics is increasing, emissions are

increasing (2-150 kHz)

– Smart charging is needed

– The importance of renewable energy source is

increasing (solar, water, wind, marine energy)

– Electric vehicle will be an energy storage

– Data security and privacy (Cyber security) will be more important

– In addition to product standards, system standardization is increasing (IoT,

digitalization, Smart Grid). Interoperability is a challenge.

– Nordic climate will be a challenge in future, too

– Electric vehicle will be a part of a network

13.4.2016 29

Charging of EVs - Aspects to be taken into consideration – http://www.sesko.fi/standardit/standardoinnin_aihealueita/sahkoautot_ja_latausjarjestelmat/lataussuositus_2014

National recommendation 2014 (2nd Ed.) (SK 69)

Content

- Charging modes and their characteristics

- Designing of a charging network

- Requirements of charging circuits

- Maintenance and surveillance of charging

circuits and charging points

- Characteristics of charging cables

- Consumer information

13.4.2016 30

Buy standards

– Sales(at)sfs.fi

Further information concerning electrotechnical standardization

Websites

– www.sesko.fi

– www.iec.ch

– www.cenelec.eu

– www.sfs.fi

– www.sfsedu.fi

Participation to standardization

– SESKO’s IEC/CLC mirror committees (SK)

– SESKO’s IEC/CLC follow-up groups (SR)

More information

– juha.vesa(at)sesko.fi

Standards related enquiries

– SESKO office

– Tel: (09) 696 3970,

– Email: asiakaspalvelu(at)sesko.fi