evalua&on)of)a)workfamily) …on)of)a)workfamily) intervenononhealthandsafety!! ......
TRANSCRIPT
Evalua&on of a Work-‐Family Interven&on on Health and Safety
Leslie B. Hammer, PhD Donald Truxillo, PhD Todd Bodner, PhD Mariah Kraner, PhD
Stress is a Workplace Hazard!!! Taking a TWH perspec6ve we argue that by reducing stress in the workplace environment we can improve health behaviors via increased behavioral and psychological resources, and via decreased nega6ve coping behaviors, leading to improved health, safety, and well-‐being of workers (Hammer & Sauter, 2013, JOEM)
Study Theore6cal Model
SHIP Interven&on
• FSSB (+) • Team Effec&veness (+) • Work-‐Life Effec&veness (+)
• Health – Blood Pressure (-‐)
• Safety – Group Level Safety Climate (+) – Safety Mo6va6on (+) – Safety Par6cipa6on (+)
• Team Cohesion • Work-‐to-‐Family Conflict • Family-‐to-‐Work Conflict
Safety and Health Improvement Program (SHIP)
• Randomized Control Trial Design • Examine integrated interven6on with construc6on workers, focused on: – Supervisor Training – Supervisor Behavior Tracking – Team Effec6veness Training
• Improve supervisor support for non-‐work life and safety, while also increasing and team effec6veness, and subsequently improve health and safety
SHIP Interven6on Components that Target the Work Environment
• Work-‐life (FSSB) and Safety Supervisor Training – cTRAIN: Online training (1 hr)
• Supervisor Behavior Tracking – HabiTrak: (2 wks)
• Team Effec6veness Process – TEP: Team as a whole (4.5 hrs)
TEP Session Informa6on Collected
TEP Session Informa6on Given to Teams for Progress Tracking
Sample Operating Principles
TEP Session Informa6on Given to Teams for Progress Tracking
Sample Action Plan (identifying information removed)
Note: These Action Plans were used to benchmark progress achieved at the 30-‐, 60-‐, and 90-‐day team check-‐ins
SHIP Study Design
Receive SHIP 11 Workgroups 117 Employees
Control 9 Workgroups 154 Employees
Workgroups randomly assigned to…
Surveys & Health Assessments
Surveys & Health Assessments
Surveys & Health Assessments
Surveys & Health Assessments
Surveys & Health Assessments
Surveys & Health Assessments
SHIP
Baseline (Prior to SHIP)
6 months
12 months
Study Sample • Metropolitan public works agency • Construc6on/Field Workers – e.g., u6lity worker, construc6on equipment operator, sidewalk repair
Study Sample (cont.) SHIP Group Control Group
45.5 yrs old (SD = 9.09)
45.7 yrs old (SD = 10.06)
93% male 88% male
83% white 75% white
High School or GED: 45% Some College or Tech School: 44% College Graduate: 8%
High School or GED: 39% Some College or Tech School: 51% College Graduate: 8%
65% married 57% married
60% children at home 51% children at home
29% elder care 37% elder care
SHIP Interven6on Effects on Health & Safety Outcomes
Significant Interven6on X Wave effects found on Diastolic Blood Pressure
No significant interven6on effects found on SBP, or any of the safety outcomes (safety climate, safety par6cipa6on, and
safety compliance)
Effect on Diastolic Blood Pressure
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
Control SHIP
Diastolic Blood
Pressure
Baseline 6 Months 12 Months *
Significant Interven6on Effect
*
SHIP Interven6on Effects on Mediators No significant interven6on effects found at either 6 or 12 months on: FSSB Team Effec6veness Work-‐Life indicators
Modera6ng Effects
Significant modera6ng effects were found for WTFC, FTWC, and Team Cohesion
Interpre6ng Moderator Paierns
Outcome When is SHIP helpful? Take Away
Health (Blood Pressure)
Low WTFC/FTWC High Team Cohesion
Par6cipants are beier able to capitalize on SHIP when they had more resources prior to interven6on implementa6on Safety
(Mo6va6on and Par6cipa6on) Low WTFC
High Team Cohesion
Modera6ng Effect of WTFC Outcome: Diastolic Blood Pressure
(similar paier for FTWC)
74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
Baseline 6 Months
Diastolic Blood
Pressure
Low Work-‐to-‐Family Conflict
74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
Baseline 6 Months
Diastolic Blood
Pressure
High Work-‐to-‐Family Conflict
Control SHIP
Modera6ng Effect of Team Cohesion Outcome: Diastolic Blood Pressure
74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
Baseline 6 Months
Diastolic Blood
Pressure
Low Team Cohesion
74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
Baseline 6 Months
Diastolic Blood
Pressure
High Team Cohesion
Control SHIP
Modera6ng Effect of WTFC Outcome: Safety Par6cipa6on (similar
paiern for Safety Mo6va6on)
Control SHIP
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
Baseline 12 Months
Safety Par&cipa&
on
Low Work-‐to-‐Family Conflict
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
Baseline 12 Months
Safety Par&cipa&
on
High Work-‐to-‐Family Conflict
Modera6ng Effect of Team Cohesion Outcome: Safety Par6cipa6on
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
Baseline 12 Months
Safety Par&cipa&
on
Low Team Cohesion
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
Baseline 12 Months
Safety Par&cipa&
on
High Team Cohesion
Control SHIP
Discussion • The SHIP interven6on that addressed the work environment had significant effects on diastolic blood pressure at both the 6 and 12 month follow-‐ups
• Baseline resources allow individuals to capitalize on SHIP, leading to improved health and safety outcomes – High team cohesion – Low WTFC and FTWC
• Future direc6ons: – Examina6on of alterna6ve mediators such as health behaviors – Explora6on of interven6on uptake data
Measures • Paper Survey
– FSSB-‐Short Form (4 items; Hammer et al., 2013)
– Team Effec6veness (WFD Consul6ng, 2001) – Work-‐Life Effec6veness (WFD Consul6ng, 2001) – Team Cohesion (6 items; Chin et al., 1999)
– Work-‐to-‐Family Conflict (5 items; Netemeyer et al., 1996)
– Family-‐to-‐Work Conflict (5 items; Netemeyer et al., 1996)
– Group Level Safety Climate (6 items; Zohar & Luria, 2005)
– Safety Mo6va6on to Par6cipate (6 items, Neal et al., 2000)
– Safety Par6cipa6on (3 items, Neal et al., 2000)
• Diastolic and Systolic Blood Pressure – Omron automa6c blood pressure monitor (arm cuff) – Measurements taken aqer a res6ng period of 5 minutes – Average of 3 consecu6ve measurements, with one minute wait between
readings
Scale Reliabili6es • Team Cohesion
α = .92-‐.93
• Work-‐to-‐Family Conflict α = .92-‐.94
• Family-‐to-‐Work Conflict
α = .89-‐.90
• Family Suppor6ve Supervisor Behaviors
α = .90-‐.91
• Team Effec6veness Process α = .87
• Work-‐Life Effec6veness Indicators α = .73-‐.75 • Group Level Safety Climate α = .82-‐.89 • Safety Mo6va6on to Par6cipate α = .85-‐.86
• Safety Par6cipa6on α = ..86-‐.91