evaluare si monitorizare dxa in osteoporoza_ancuta.pdf
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EVALUAREA EVALUAREA DENSITOMETRICA DXA in DENSITOMETRICA DXA in
OSTEOPOROZAOSTEOPOROZA
CODRINA ANCUTAMD, PhD,sef lucrari
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DENSITATEA MINERALA OSOASADENSITATEA MINERALA OSOASA
Determinant major al rezistentei osoase
Factor de predictie risc fractura
Modificarea DMO reflecta raspuns la
tratament factor de predictie risc
fractura2
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METODE DENSITOMETRICEMETODE DENSITOMETRICETehnici centrale cDXA (coloana, sold) & HAS (hip
structural analysis) qCT (schelet apendicular,
coloana)
Tehnici periferice pDXA (antebrat, calcaneu) qCT/ hrqCT (radius, tibie) QUS (ultrasonigrafie cantitativa) Radiogrametrie digitala X Absorbtiometrie radiografica
(direct, digitalizare radiografica)
QUS (transmisie transversala calcaneu si falange; transmisie axiala)
Criterii evaluare metoda
densitometrica Criterii de baza pt
performanta: acuratete, precizie, reliability
Procedura definita pt controlul calitatii
Metode de cross calibrare existente pt diferite centre
Baza de referinta (sex, virsta)
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EVALUAREA DXA
Avantaje expunere la radiatii precizie f. buna cost usurinta folosire durata redusa tehnica
Limite bidimensionala (DMO
oase late > DMO oase mici)
NU evaluaeaza separat os trabecular si cortical
NU geometria 3D, arhitectura
artefacte*4
atenuarea raze X (2 energii) la trecerea prin org evaluare cantitativa areala DMO pe regiuni de interes
*- vezi la slide limite DXA
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APLICATIILE CLINICE DXAAPLICATIILE CLINICE DXA
diagnosticul OP (criteriile OMS) riscul de fractura stabilirea indicatiei si monitorizarea
tratamentului anti-OP monitorizarea DMO la normali
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DS ale DMO fata de adultul tanar(DMOpacient DMOtanarreferinta)/DS tanar referintaPentru dignostic OPValori de referinta: -2.5 30% cu OP = riscul de fract
SCORUL T versus SCORUL ZSCORUL T versus SCORUL ZScor TScor T Scor ZScor Z
DS fata de aceeasi varsta si sex
(DMOpacient DMO aceeasi varsta)/ DS aceeasi varsta
Valoare referinta -2DMO mai mica decat cea asteptata pt pacient
Nu pt diagnostic 6DMO = densitatea areala (g/cm2)
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CLASIFICAREA OMS CLASIFICAREA OMS 19941994
Categorie DMO si scor TNormal scor T > -1DSOsteopenie -2.5DS < scor T < -1DSOsteoporoza scor T < -2.5 DSOP severa scor T < -2.5 DS + > 1fractura fragilitate
fractura fragilitate OP indiferent de scorul TCategorii diagnostic difera de categorii tratament
Osteopenia selecteza pac cu OP in urmatorii 10 ani
DXA OP femei postmeno la coloana, sold, antebrat
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CRITERII DIAGNOSTIC MODERNECRITERII DIAGNOSTIC MODERNEAceleasi valori prag si categorii OMS 1994Aplicabilitate pentru DXA sold la femei si barbati situs scheletal de referinta (sold)
Valoare predictiva maxima pt fractura sold (lombar, trohanter, sold total)
interval de referinta pt femei si barbati (tanar normal) baza NHANES III pt col femural la femei 20-29 ani
Acelasi scor T pt locatii si tehnici diferite informatii diferite pt riscul fractura
Corelatii slabe inter-situsuri nu se pot utiliza pt predictie 8
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TIPURI DXATIPURI DXA
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SURSE DE EROARE SURSE DE EROARE DXADXA Osteomalacie Artroza (coloana, sold) Deformari vertebrale dat artroza, Scheuerman Fractura anterioara (col, sold, pumn) Scolioza severa Artroplastie Obezitate extrema, ascita Calcificari tisulare (calcificare aorta) Scintigrafie (tc99) recenta/ imagistica substanta contrast Baza de referinta inadecvata Standard operare (calibrare, regiunea selectata, mod achizitie,
pozitionare) 10
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INDICATII TESTARE BMD DXAINDICATII TESTARE BMD DXACategorie Categorie NOFNOF AACEAACE ACRACR ISCDISCD
F > 65 ani + + + +60-64 ani & fact risc
+ + + +
< 60 ani & fact risc
+ + + +
in prezenta fact risc
+ +
B > 70 ani +monitorizare + + +
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Factorii de risc difera fct de organizatie; NOF, National OsteoporosisFoundation; AACE, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists;ACR, American College of Rheumatology; ISCD, International Society of Clinical Densitometry
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FACTORI RISC OPFactori majori Factori minoriVarsta > 65 ani PR
Fractura vertebrala Hipertiroidism in antecedente
Fractura de fragilitate >40 ani Trat anticonvulsivant cr
AHC fractura (mama sold) Dieta saraca Ca
CS p.o.> 3 luni Fumat
Sdr malabsorbtie Alcool excesiv
Hiperparatiroidism primar Cafea abuz
Tendinta la cadere G>57 Kg
Osteopoenie radiologica Scadere ponderala >10% peste 25 ani
Hipogonadism Anticoagulante cronice
Menopauza precoce (
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OP PREMENOPAUZAOP PREMENOPAUZA
Nu se utilizeaza in clasificarea OMS a OP Scor Z
Nu se utilizeaza pt diagnostic ci ofera informatii despre DMO la femeia in premenopauza si la barbat -2 valoare a DMO in intervalul acceptat pt varsta
Se utilizeaza pt copil
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RECOMANDARI DXA BARBATRECOMANDARI DXA BARBAT
utilizarea acelorasi valori absolute ale DMO Diferente intre sexe pt
gradient risc fract Ajustare virsta pt relatia
DMO-fract Populatia de referinta DMO/ scor T cu ajustare
varsta: Riscul fract sold si coloana similar pt F si B pt orice DMO
screening B > 70 ani hipogonadism fractura de fragilitate medicatie (CS) boli secundare cu impact pe DMOISCD Consensus Conference 2001
>50 ani scor T
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ISCD: SITUSURI DE EVALUAT
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ContraindicOA, fract interventie scolioza
ContraindicOA
artroplastie totala HPTH
ContraindicI si II
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ISCD: DXAISCD: DXA
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APLICATIILE CLINICE DXAAPLICATIILE CLINICE DXA
diagnosticul OP (criteriile OMS) riscul de fractura stabilirea indicatiei si monitorizarea
tratamentului anti-OP monitorizarea DMO la normali
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DXA SI RISCUL FRACTURADXA SI RISCUL FRACTURA
DXA T4-L4 img laterala pt deformari vertebre VFA = vertebral fracture assessment
evaluare risc fract (atentie la BMD normal cu fract vert!) 90% fract grad 2 & 3 Genant
Radiatie & cost < Rg
DXA sold risc fract sold > alte DXA Risc fract sold= 2.6x pt scadere 1DS Risc alta fract = 1.5x pt scadere 1DS
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APLICATIILE CLINICE DXAAPLICATIILE CLINICE DXA
diagnosticul OP (criteriile OMS) riscul de fractura stabilirea indicatiei si monitorizarea
raspunsului terapeutic monitorizarea DMO la normali
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MODALITATI MONITORIZAREMODALITATI MONITORIZARE Markeri surogat = metode imagistice/biologice/biochimice a
caror modificare sub tratament denota modificari clinice semnificative
2 markeri surogat pt raspunsul terapeutic in OP
Monitorizare densitometrica DMO ce tip de evaluare DXA (centrala/ periferica)? ce situs anatomic (col, femur proximal, antebrat)? la ce interval de timp evaluam?
Monitorizarea markeri turnover osos 20PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
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MONITORIZAREA DXAMONITORIZAREA DXA Care e precizia determinarilor repetate DXA?
Care e decizia terapeutica functie de modificarea DMO?
Cat de bine prezice riscul de fractura evaluarea repetata a DMO?
Care sunt alternativele la evaluarea DMO in dinamica?
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MONITORIZAREA DXAMONITORIZAREA DXAPrecizie
reproductibilitatea rezultate pt evaluari seriate
DXA = precizie excelenta eroarea de precizie =1-2% variaza cu situsul scheletal
Modificarea min semnificativa (LSC) = 2.77 x coeficient variatie
LSC = 5.6% modificare DMO sold > periferie (antebrat)
Modificarea DMO fata de baseline este clinic semnificativa sau se datoreaza erorii de masurare?
Consens: modificarea DMO in dinamica > LSC
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MONITORIZARE DXAMONITORIZARE DXA
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MONITORIZARE DXAMONITORIZARE DXADXA in dinamica - 3 scenarii DMO > LSC acelasi tratament
minima DMO semnificativ risc fract Modificarea DMO= factor predictiv risc fract
DMO stabila acelasi tratament DMO < LSC reevaluare
cauze OP secundara aderenta la trat persistenta (durata trat) complianta (administrare modalitate, doza)
modificare tratament
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MONITORIZARE DXAMONITORIZARE DXAIntervale de monitorizare NU se indica monitorizarea frecventa!
6-12 luni pt pierdere rapida DMO GIO, precoce in postmeno, intrerupere HRT
18-24 luni coloana >24 luni sold
DMO initial = fact predictiv risc fractura Modificarea DMO = fact predictiv risc fractura
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MONITORIZARE DXAMONITORIZARE DXA Acelasi aparat DXA, acelasi soft
acelasi tehnician LSC pt fiecare centru
Pozitionare corecta
Precizia situsului anatomic (periferie > coloana > sold)
Modificarea asteptata DMO la medicatia folosita 26
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MONITORIZAREA MARKERI MONITORIZAREA MARKERI BIOCHIMICI TURNOVER OSOSBIOCHIMICI TURNOVER OSOS
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UTILITATEA BIOMARKERI TURNOVER OSOSUTILITATEA BIOMARKERI TURNOVER OSOS Turnover-ul osos
la menopauza si in OP (25%)
Niveluri crescute markeri ososi se asociaza cu risc inalt pierdere osoasa si fractura
Terapia anti-OP Modifica markeri turnover osos
Monitorizarea terapiei Scopul = markeri turnover < LSC si in intervalul de pre-
menopauza
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MONMONIITORIZARE TORIZARE MARKERII TURNOVER OSOSMARKERII TURNOVER OSOS Relatie turnover osos &
risc fractura Anti-OP turnover osos
sapt-luni rata fractura in 6-12 luni
Markeri rezorbtie urinar (CTX/cr, NTX/cr) seric (CTX, NTX)
Markeri formare osoasa seric: osteocalcina, bALP,
P1NP
Modificare precoce status premonopauza reflecta raspuns terapeutic
Antirezorbtive - markeri nivel premeno3-6 luni - rezorbtie6-9 luni - formare
Osteoformatoare - P1NP in 1-3 luni de 2-3x
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TERAPIA OP TERAPIA OP ACTIUNE PE REMODELARE ACTIUNE PE REMODELARE OSOASAOSOASA
Medicatie anti-catabolica
HRT/E SERM: raloxifen BF
Etidronat Alendronat Risendronat Ibandronat Acid zolendronic
calcitonina
Medicatie anabolica
Teriparatide PTH 1-84
Ranelat strontiu
Scade etapa activareReechilibrarea remodelarii
Creste frecv etapa activareBalanta + remodelare
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MARKERI TURNOVER OSOS
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EVALUARE IN DINAMICAEVALUARE IN DINAMICA Identificarea precoce a raspuns deficitar
complianta & persistenta limitate OP secundara tratament ineficient
Interventie pt ameliorarea raspunsului terapeutic adminstrare si dozare corecta investigarea cauze OP secundara modificare doze sau modificare tratament
Cresterea compliantei fara beneficii imediate asupra pacientului simptomatic 34
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MONMONIITORIZARE TORIZARE MARKERII TURNOVER OSOSMARKERII TURNOVER OSOS
Marker surogat pt monitorizarea precoce raspuns terapeutic
predictia riscului de fractura Fact independent pt risc fractura sold
NU valoare pt diagnostic 35
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ghid terapeutic ESCCEO 2008
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DEZIDERATE TERAPEUTICE OP
cresterea rezistentei osoase & scaderea riscului de fractura
cresterea si/sau mentinerea DMO in interval de normalitate
Imbunatatirea microarhitecturii osoase
Fractura ameliorarea durerii osoase stabilizarea /refacerea
anatomica tratamentul comorbiditatilor refacerea functionalitatii suport psihologic
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MEDICATIA ANTI-OPANTI-REZORBTIVE
bisfosfonati Alendronat Risedronat Ibandronat Zolendronat
SERMs raloxifen (RLX) lasofoxifen, arzoxifen
estrogeni (E)calcitonina (CT)
OSTEOANABOLICE
rhPTH (1-34) = teriparatidePTH (1-84)
ranelat de strontiu (SR)
Denosumab
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MEDICATIA ANTI-OP FDAANTI-REZORBTIVE
Bisfosfonati Alendronat 10mg/zi, 70mg/sapt + vitam D 2800/5600UI
Risedronat 5 mg/zi, 35 mg/sapt 70mgx2/luna, 2 zile consecutiv 150 mg/luna
Ibandronat 150 mg/luna, 3mg iv /3 luni
Zolendronat 5 mg iv/an SERMs raloxifen (RLX)
estrogeni (E)calcitonina (CT)
OSTEOANABOLICE
rhPTH (1-34) = teriparatidePTH (1-84)
ranelat de strontiu (SR) 2g/zi(EMEA, Nu FDA)
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INDICATII TERAPEUTICE FDA OP FEMEI POSTMENOPAUZA
preventie: ALN, RIS, IBN, RLX tratament: ALN, RIS, IBN, RLX, CT, PTH
OP CORTICOID-INDUSA preventie: RIS tratament: ALN, RIS
OP BARBAT- ALN, PTH/ teriparatide
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RECOMANDARI TERAPEUTICERECOMANDARI TERAPEUTICEProfil pacientProfil pacient NOFNOF AACEAACEFara factori de risc < -2.0 < -2.5Cu factori de risc* < -1.5 < -1.5Fractura de fragilitate
Indiferent scor T
Indiferent scor T
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varsta = cel mai important factor predictiv fract anterioara istoric familial fract old fumat G
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CRITERII DE SELECTIE A TERAPIEI
Medicina bazata pe dovezi
risc fractura eficacitate DMO efecte adverse toleranta
Comorbiditati Comedicatie Cost/beneficiu Preferinta pacient Aderenta
primara
Persistenta Complianta
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