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EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF CROP INSURANCE
SCHEMES IN GUJARAT
Dr. Chetana Marvadi
Assistant Professor S. D. School of Commerce Gujarat University
Ashish Chauhan
Research Scholars. D. School of Commerce Gujarat University
Ashish Chauhan* & Dr. Chetana Marvadi*
ABSTRACT
India is a country where more than half of the population is engaged in the agriculture sector. This sector
contributes nearly 18% to GDP. Farmers in India have been subjected to publicly administered insurance
schemes since 1972. Every scheme is found to have certain limitations. The Government of India is still
attempting to improve upon the schemes to protect its farmers from risks. These schemes were launched with
the aim of compensating the losses occurred in agriculture production, which they could not achieve and the
sector is struggling for growth. Crop Insurance schemes had started its origin in 1999 but schemes were
periodically amended as per situation. Evaluating the success of these schemes from the perspective of risk
protection and financial inclusion of the farmers of India has been a crucial area of study. The present study is
an overview of agriculture insurance schemes in India. It manly focuses on evaluating the performance of these
schemes in Gujarat state over the period of 18 years from 1999-2018. The study mainly evaluates National
Agriculture Insurance schemes (NAIS), Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), and WBCIS (Weather
Based Crop Insurance Scheme). The risk covered under PMFBY are Yield losses, prevented sowing, Post-
harvest losses and localized calamities. Various variables like sum Insured, Claim Ratio, Number of Farmers
benefited etc. for both Rabi and Kharif seasons are considered for performance evaluation.
Key Words – Agriculture Insurance, National Agriculture Insurance scheme, Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima
Yojana and Weather based Crop insurance scheme.
INTRODUCTION
India is a country where more than half of the population engaged in the agriculture sector.
This sector contributes nearly 18% to GDP. Agriculture in India faces various risks
especially price and weather risks. Farmers face floods, drought, pets disease and other
natural disasters. Insurance not only stabilizes the Income of the farmers but also helps them
to initiate production activity after a bad agriculture year. Micro insurance for agriculture
sector is a tailored risk management tool. Farmers in India have been subjected to publicly
administered insurance schemes since 1972.
To control the effect of these losses on farmers' financial status, and to motivate them to not
to leave the sector, Agriculture Insurance schemes were launched. Government has been
taking steps in this regard since independence yet these efforts are not successful in
mitigating these risks as these risks are uncertain and unpredictable. There have been
different agriculture insurance schemes implemented in India. These schemes were launched
with the aim of compensating the losses occurred in agriculture production, which they could
not recover and the sector is struggling for growth. The present study lists out the
government Initiative in the area of crop insurance and evaluates the performance of various
crop insurance schemes.
Science, Technology and Development
Volume IX Issue IV APRIL 2020
ISSN : 0950-0707
Page No : 102
CROP INSURANCE SCHEMES IN GUJARAT:
National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS)
Government Of India (GOI) Introduced NAIS in 1999. The actual yield of the Insured Crop
in the Insurance Unit is compared to the threshold yield (TY) computed using actual data for
previous years. If the former is lower than the latter, then all Insured farmers in the insurance
unit become eligible for the same indemnity pay-out. The scheme was implemented in 23
states and Union Territories. However, The benefits of the scheme is concentrated in few
states. About 20% Claims are paid in Gujarat, 14% in Andhra Pradesh, 13% in Madhya
Pradesh. Under NAIS, The premium rates for Food crops and oilseeds are 1 to 3.5 % of sum
Insured or actuarial rates, whichever is less. Whereas, For commercial and horticulture crops,
the rates are 4 to 7 % or actuarial rates, whichever is less.
Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme(MNAIS)
The Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS) was implemented from
2011. In rabi season, Penetration of MNAIS is quite high up to 2015-16 as compared to the
Kharif season. The Number of farmers covered under the scheme are 17084 for rabi season
whereas that for kharif season are 432 up to 2015-16.
Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS)
Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme(WBCIS) was first implemented by the AIC
(Agricultural Insurance Scheme) in Karnataka in Kharif 2007. The scheme is made attractive
by charging premium at par with NAIS. The difference between Premium rates charged and
actuarial premium rates are borne by the central and the implementing state government on a
50:50 basis. The private companies are extended the same level of financial support by the
government. However, in Gujarat , the features of WBCIS is merged with New Scheme i.e.
PMFBY. Therefore, the scheme is collaborated with the PMFBY. Till the time, NAIS was in
operation, this scheme had around 170576 beneficiaries out of 413126 Farmers Insured.
Claims paid under the scheme was worth Rs. 857.35 lakhs.
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana was Introduced in January, 2016. Taking Area approach
basis. The Defined area for this scheme is village Panchayat level, the Unit of Insurance for
the loss assessment shall be the affected insured field of the Individual farmer for Risks of
Localised calamities and Post-Harvest losses on account of defined peril. The rates of
premiums were:
Sr
No.
Season Crops Maximum Insurance charges
payable by farmer
1 Kharif Food & Oilseeds crops (all
cereals, millets, & Oilseeds,
pulses )
2.0 % of Sum Insured or
Actuarial rate, whichever is less
2 Rabi Food & Oilseeds crops (all
cereals, & Oilseeds, pulses )
1.5 % of Sum Insured or
Actuarial rate, whichever is less
3 Kharif &
Rabi
Annual Commercial / Annual
Horticulture crops
5 % of Sum Insured or Actuarial
rate, whichever is less
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LITERATURE REVIEW:
S S Mahajan (2012) has analysed the National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS) for the
period of 1999-2008 i.e. 9 years. The study revealed that Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh,
Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan are dominating in implementation of NAIS as
compared to other states. The main problem is that all crops are not covered under NAIS and
are subjected to Crop Cutting Experiments, While the other one is that delay in the timely
availability of data as many departments and layers of administration are involved. There is
lag between crop cutting experiments and release of official figures.
Mamata Swain (2016) made a comparative assessment of the performance of NAIS and the
pilot Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme In the state of Odisha. The study has revealed
that WBCIS performs better than NAIS because of its higher adoption rate, higher percentage
of farmers benefited, lower premium, faster claim payment and frequent indemnity payment.
The study also suggests to encourage private participation by providing subsidies, guarantees
and reinsurance facilities.
Archana (2016) evaluated almost all crop insurance schemes from first of 1972 to modified
national agriculture insurance scheme (2010) in the study. The comparison of performance of
states on various parameters like area Insured, Premium paid, Farmers benefited etc.
indicated erratic patterns. Growth of private sector in crop insurance is significant after the
launch of new weather based scheme, but it is still in nascent stage of development and
captures a very small market share. An in-depth study of the reasons will give more insights
about the performance of the states. It is concluded that the distribution and benefits of the
schemes is concentrated in few states.
Deepa, Limasunep and Feroze (2018) studied about implementation of NAIS in north-
eastern states. The penetration of NAIS is very inadequate as can be observed from the
indicators such as area insured per farmers, percentage of farmers benefitted, claims paid per
farmer, ratio of claims paid over gross premium and profit to companies. The insurance
schemes are generally forcefully sold along with the crop loans. The obvious reason may be
the lack of awareness about the insurance schemes or high premium. It is concluded that
despite launching the NAIS in NE states as a means of risk management, it has served very
limited purpose.
Apeksha (2018) studied the perception of farmers regarding the agriculture schemes. The
study is based on the Primary data. It is concluded that the farmers are not satisfied with the
schemes and they are being cheated. They want a better mechanism and management of
these schemes. Farmers didn’t want private participation, They want government companies
to administer the schemes.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The present study is purely based on the secondary data. The study evaluates the
performance of NAIS and PMFBY in state of Gujarat. The data regarding the farmers
Insured, farmers benefited, Claims paid, and Sum Insured have been used. The data is
collected for the period 1999 to 2015 i.e. for 16 years in case of NAIS, whereas For PMFBY,
Only two years data of 2016 and 2017 have been used. The data has been collected from
reports of Government agencies like agriculture and cooperation Ministry of India,
Department of agriculture and welfare - Gujarat State. Trend analysis Technique for
variables under study is used in this paper.
RESEARCH GAP
Hardly any study is found in literature regarding the performance of these crop Insurance
schemes in Gujarat State. The problem here is to evaluate the performance of these schemes
in Gujarat State and check how far they have contributed to the financial inclusion of farmers
of Gujarat State.
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DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:
Part-A Performance evaluation of National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS)
1. Trend Analysis of Farmers Insured and Farmers benefited
In the following table-1, Number of farmers Insured are compared with the number of
farmers benefited during the Kharif season under NAIS. Comparison is made to know how
many farmers Insured and farmers benefited varied year by year.
Table: 1 Trend Analysis of Farmers Insured and Farmers benefited during Kharif
Season
Years Farmers Insured Farmers benefited
% of Farmers benefited
to Farmers Insured
2000 1182822 975292 82.45
2001 1254412 262013 20.89
2002 1168727 671453 57.45
2003 1016429 15114 1.49
2004 1067887 346955 32.49
2005 879618 34384 3.91
2006 863613 450226 52.13
2007 824923 35306 4.28
2008 813458 283165 34.81
2009 914567 530206 57.97
2010 927050 70240 7.58
2011 976483 259839 26.61
2012 1143768 850622 74.37
2013 1060126 555231 52.37
2014 1101947 702926 63.79
2015 1081036 629078 58.19
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It is observed from the chart-1 that there is high variation in number of farmers benefited out
of total number of farmers Insured. The number of farmers benefited is lowest in 2003,i.e.
1.49%. This may be because of favourable weather conditions. At the beginning of
implementation of this scheme, Highest Number of farmers are benefited out of insured
farmers, i.e. 82.45%. It indicates that the scheme is attractive in the beginning. Farmers are
taking advantage of this scheme but ratio of Farmers benefited to Farmers Insured is showing
declining trend.
In the following Table No. 2, Number of farmers Insured are compared with the number of
farmers benefited during the Rabi season, under NAIS. Comparison is made to know how
farmers Insured and farmers benefited varied year by year.
Table No. 2 Trend Analysis of Farmers Insured and Farmers benefited Rabi Season :
Years Farmers Insured
Farmers
benefited
% of Farmers
benefited to Farmers
Insured
2000 14818 7915 53.41
2001 32126 8452 26.31
2002 28386 10517 37.05
2003 26750 8381 31.33
2004 20127 51 0.25
2005 25088 6316 25.18
2006 11459 500 4.36
2007 14080 3984 28.30
2008 14472 2169 14.99
2009 28232 22327 79.08
2010 33852 6550 19.35
2011 39015 6759 17.32
2012 33282 5810 17.46
2013 32772 16035 48.93
2014 33027 10923 33.07
2015 32900 13479 40.97
2016 32963 12201 37.01
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It is observed from the Chart-2 that, In Rabi Season, the ratio of farmers benefited from the
scheme is lowest in 2004(i.e. 0.25%). This means that there might be favourable weather
conditions in 2003-04 as farmers benefited is lowest in both the seasons i.e. kharif and rabi.
The number of farmers benefited is highest in 2009. i.e 22327 farmers benefited out of 28232
farmers Insured (79.08%).
In the following Table no. 3, Number of Farmers Insured are compared with Number of
Farmers benefited during the kharif season under the NAIS. Average of every three years has
taken from the year 2000 for the comparison. Comparison is made to know how many
farmers were benefited from the total Insured farmers.
Table No.3: Comparison of Farmers Insured vs Farmers benefited (Kharif Season)
Years
Farmers
Insured
(In Numbers)
Farmers benefited
(In Numbers)
Ratio
% change in
Farmers
Insured
% change
in Farmers
Benefited
2000-02 1201987 636253 52.93 -1.192 -31.15
2003-05 987978 132151 13.37 -13.460 127.50
2006-08 833898 256232 30.73 -5.808 -37.11
2009-11 939367 286762 30.52 6.770 -50.99
2012-15 1096719 684464 62.41 -5.485 -26.04
(Source: dag.gujarat.gov.in)
The period of 2009 to 2011 shows significant % Increase in the number of farmers Insured
which indicates Increased awareness of the scheme during this period. The period of 2003 to
2005 shows significant % Increase in the number of farmers benefited which indicates
highest performance of NAIS scheme during this period.
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ISSN : 0950-0707
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It is observed from the above Chart- 3 that number of farmers who have benefited from the
farmers Insured is less than 50% during 2003-2011(average). The lowest percentage of
farmers benefited to farmers Insured is in the period of 2003-05 (13.38%) i.e. 132151
benefited as against the 987978 farmers Insured.
In the following Table no. 4, Number of farmers Insured are compared with the number of
farmers benefited during the Rabi season under NAIS. Average of every three years have
taken from 2000 for the comparison. Comparison is made to know how many farmers were
benefited out of the total Insured farmers.
Table No. 4 Comparison of Farmers Insured vs farmers benefited under (Rabi Season)
(Source: dag.gujarat.gov.in)
The period of 2009 to 2011 shows significant % Increase in the number of farmers Insured
which indicates Increased awareness of the scheme during this period. The period of 2006 to
2008 shows significant % Increase in the number of farmers benefited which indicates
highest efficiency of NAIS scheme during this period.
Years
Farmers
Insured
(Number)
Farmers
Benefited
(Number)
Ratio
%
change
in
Farmers
Insured
%
change
in
Farmers
Benefited
2000-2002 25110 8961 35.69 91.564 32.87
2003-2005 23988 4916 20.49 -6.214 -24.64
2006-2008 13337 2218 16.63 26.294 333.80
2009-2011 33700 11879 35.25 38.194 -69.73
2012-2014 33027 10923 33.07 -0.766 87.99
2015-2016 32931 12201 37.05 -0.193 11.70
1201987
987978
833898939367
1096719
636253
132151256232 286762
684464
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
2000-02 2003-05 2006-08 2009-11 2012-15
Ave
rage
no
. of
farm
ers
Years
Chart - 3 : Comparison of Farmers Insured vs Farmers benefited (Kharif Season)
Farmers Insured Farmers benefited
Science, Technology and Development
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ISSN : 0950-0707
Page No : 108
It is observed from the above chart -4 that Number of farmers who have benefited out of the
farmers Insured is less than 50% in all the years (average). The lowest percentage of farmers
benefited to farmers Insured is in the period of 2006-08 (i.e 16.63%), 2218 farmers were
benefited as against 13337 farmers Insured.
2. Trend Analysis of Sum Insured and Claims paid
In the following table, Sum Insured (Rs. In lakhs) are compared with the Claims paid (Rs. In
lakhs) during the Kharif season under NAIS. Comparison is made to know the payment ratio
of claims out of Sum Insured.
Table: 5 Trend Analysis of Sum Insured vs Claims paid (Year-wise) during Kharif
Season
Years
Sum Insured
(Rs. In lakhs)
Claims paid
(Rs. In lakhs)
% of Sum Insured to
Claims paid
2000 165651.34 6276.68 3.79
2001 197999.70 7358.27 3.72
2002 202751.05 8756.86 4.32
2003 191027.12 9852.70 5.16
2004 198619.91 10844.07 5.46
2005 199282.53 8490.26 4.26
2006 211628.97 8219.99 3.88
2007 221608.69 8155.34 3.68
2008 232413.36 8263.53 3.56
2009 294417.52 10396.50 3.53
2010 332337.10 11593.76 3.49
2011 412700.19 14377.17 3.48
2012 606481.24 23347.78 3.85
2013 509590.72 18862.48 3.70
2014 558035.98 21105.13 3.78
2015 533813.35 19983.80 3.74
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It is observed from the chart-5 that under NAIS, Sum Insured is showing Increasing trend
from 2004 to 2012. Sum Insured and Claims paid both reached at highest level in 2012 of
Rs. 606481.24 lakhs and Rs. 23347.48 lakhs respectively. After that, There is slightly
decrease in both the variables.
In the following table, Sum Insured (Rs. In lakhs) are compared with the Claims paid (Rs. In
lakhs) during the Kharif season under NAIS. Comparison is made to know the payment ratio
of claims out of sum Insured.
Table: 6 Trend Analysis of Sum Insured vs Claims paid (Year-wise) during Rabi
Season
Years Sum Insured Claims paid % of Claims paid to sum Insured
2000 2007.13 218.02 10.86
2001 3594.67 270.94 7.54
2002 3307.01 51.50 1.56
2003 3532.60 238.64 6.76
2004 3570.92 1.99 0.06
2005 3470.18 97 2.80
2006 2658.46 2.37 0.09
2007 3971.93 52.73 1.33
2008 3515.44 112.84 3.21
2009 7608.22 1148.84 15.10
2010 11069.26 469.58 4.24
2011 14466.19 296.81 2.05
2012 15219.60 250.85 1.65
2013 15818.10 1172.82 7.41
2014 15518.85 711.83 4.59
2015 15668.48 942.33 6.01
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It is observed from the chart-2 that under NAIS, Sum Insured is showing Increasing trend
from 2008 to 2013. Sum Insured and Claims paid both reached at highest level in 2013 of
Rs. 15518.85 lakhs and Rs. 1172.82 lakhs respectively. After that, There is slightly decrease
in both the variables.
Table: 7 Comparison of Sum Insured vs Claims Paid during Kharif Season
Kharif (NAIS)
Years
Sum
Insured(Rs. In
lakhs)
Claims Paid(Rs.
In lakhs)
Ratio
% change
in Sum
Insured
% change
in Claims
paid
2000-02 188801 54789.09 29.02 22.396 -5.617
2003-05 196310 11003.24 5.61 4.322 449.85
2006-08 221884 35808.28 16.14 9.821 -20.13
2009-11 346485 39521.10 11.41 40.18 -60.49
2012-15 533813 148769.57 27.87 4.753 18.69
(Source: dag.gujarat.gov.in)
It is observed from the above table that the ratio of Claims paid to Sum Insured is very less
during the period of 2003-05. It means that during Kharif Season, loss is less, but compared
to rabi season it is quite high. The period of 2009 to 2011 shows significant % Increase in the
sum insured which showing Increased awareness of the scheme during this period. The
period of 2003 to 2005 shows significant % Increase in the claims paid which showing
highest efficiency of NAIS scheme during this period.
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Table: 8 Comparison of Sum Insured vs Claims Paid During Rabi Season
Rabi Season (NAIS)
Years
Sum Insured (Rs.
In lakhs)
Claims Paid (Rs.
in lakhs)
Ratio % change in
Sum Insured
% change
in Claims
paid
2000-02 25110 180.16 0.72 64.763 32.87
2003-05 23988.22 112.67 0.47 -1.767 -24.64
2006-08 13337 55.98 0.42 32.236 333.80
2009-11 33699.67 638.41 1.89 90.139 -69.73
2012-14 33027 711.83 2.16 1.966 87.99
2015-16 15631.07 884.70 5.29 0.482 11.70
(Source: dag.gujarat.gov.in)
It is observed from the above table that, in Rabi season during the years 2000-08, the ratio of
claims paid to sum Insured is less than 1%. This Indicates a significant growth which has
increased highest in 2015-16 to 5.29. The period of 2009 to 2011 shows significant %
Increase in Sum Insured which indicates Increased awareness of the scheme during this
period. The period of 2006 to 2008 shows significant % Increase in Claims paid which
indicates highest efficiency of NAIS scheme during this period.
PART-B
Performance evaluation of Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)
Table : 9 Performance evaluation of PMFBY (Kharif Season) during 2016 & 2017
Year
Farmers
Insured
(Number)
Area
Insured (in
hector)
Sum Insured
(In lakhs)
Gross
Premium
(In lakhs)
Claims paid
(In lakhs)
Farmers
benefited
(Number)
2016 1490610 2333354 1111089 315500 104226 404610
2017 1842386 2566907 1125018 230538 122928 639228
Chart- 7
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It is Observed from chart-7 that Gross premium collected by Insurance Companies has
shown decrease in 2017 as compared to 2016. However, At the same time there is Increase in
Sum Insured and Claims paid both. Thus, There is huge increase in Insurance penetration as
compared to the previous scheme i.e. National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS).
Table-10: Comparison of Farmers benefited to Farmers Insured– Kharif Season
Year Farmers Insured
(In Numbers)
Farmers Benefited
(In Numbers)
Ratio (B:A)
2016 1490610 404610 27.14
2017 1842386 639228 34.70
Chart-8
It is observed From the above chart-8 that Farmers benefited from the PMFBY scheme has
increased in 2017 as compared to the 2016. It is also observed that the Total number of
farmers also increased from 14.90 lakhs to 18.42 lakhs, i.e. by 23.62 % in the year of 2017.
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Table-11: Performance of PMFBY in Gujarat as against National performance
Sum
Insured per
farmer
(Rs.)
% to
National
Average
Gross
premium
per
farmer(Rs.)
% to
National
Average
Claims paid
per
farmer(Rs.)
% to
National
Average
2016
(Kharif) 74539.22 199.53 21165.83 372.35 25759.62 206.47
National
average 37357.03 5684.37 12476.46
2016
(Rabi) 80849.40 187.10 4167.14 308.72 8261.73 196.51
National
average 42243.39 3533.89 15864.25
2017
(Kharif) 61063.10 191.39 12513.01 117.92 19230.70 52.08
National
average 32635.79 4053.23 9786.33
The national average of claims paid per farmer in 2016 is Rs.12476.46 for kharif season,
whereas for Gujarat it is Rs. 25759.62, thus, it is doubled as compared to the national
average(206.47%). The same scenario is seen in Sum Insured per farmer(i.e.199.53%). In
2017, Sum Insured, Gross premium and Claims paid per farmer were decreased slightly as
compared to 2016.
CONCLUSION:
The present study evaluates the performance of two main Crop Insurance Schemes NAIS and
PMFBY. The Schemes are evaluated based on four parameters namely Farmers Insured,
Farmers benefited, Sum Insured and claims paid. Under NAIS, The farmers benefited out of
farmers Insured and claims paid out of Sum Insured is highest in the year of 2009. Thus, It
can be concluded that the year of 2009 is the bad for farmers from the perspective of crop
yield and the farmers have taken the benefits for their loss. After the implementation of the
scheme, there is Increase of 39.53% in farmers insured. However the farmers benefited
under PMFBY have decreased in first year, after that it has increased by nearly 58% in kharif
season. Under PMFBY Scheme, During kharif and rabi season of 2016 , the Scheme
performs really well as compared to national average of that particular season. However,
during Kharif season of 2017 the claim paid per farmer is less than the national average
(52.08%). Specifically, For Gujarat state, the Weather based Crop Insurance Scheme is not in
operation as the features of the same were merged with the PMFBY. Till 2015, WBCIS have
170576 beneficiaries out of 413526 farmers Insured. The Present scheme of Crop Insurance
i.e. PMFBY is very much useful for farmers in the context of Premium rates and coverage.
The state needs to wait for longer duration to absorb the performance of PMFBY, but its
performance for initial two years creates an expectation for its higher penetration over the
coming years. It seems that this new modified scheme with better features may lead to the
betterment of the farmers of Gujarat state which will be a further step towards their financial
inclusion. However, to evaluate the satisfaction level of the beneficiaries of the scheme, a
primary study of the farmers is required regarding the penetration of benefits of the scheme
to grassroots level. thus, the PMFBY scheme is drafted very well, and its effective utilisation
will give better result from the past schemes.
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ISSN : 0950-0707
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REFERENCES:
S.S. Mahajan (2012) ‘Growth of NAIS: A Study of crop Insurance in India’ , ‘Bauddhik’,
volume-3 Issue-1. Mamata swain (2016) ‘ Performance of Crop Yield and Rainfall Insurance Schemes in
Odisha: Some Empirical Findings’ , ‘Agricultural Economics Research Review’, Vol. 28,
Issue 2
Archana Singh (2016) ‘ Agriculture Insurance in India’ Bimaquest, Vol. 16 Issue 2 Dr. Apeksha Bhatnagar (2018) ‘Perception of Farmers towards Agriculture Insurance
Schemes’, ‘Pacific Business Review International’ Volume 10 Issue 10.
Deepa, Limasunep and Feroze (2018), ‘Crop Insurance In North Eastern States of India:
Performance of National Agricultural Insurance Scheme, ‘International Journal of
Agriculture Sciences’, Volume 10, Issue 11
https://www.agricoop.in https://www.dag.gujarat.gov.in
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