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EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL STACKED SHALE-GAS RESERVOIRS ACROSS NORTHERN AND NORTH-CENTRAL WEST VIRGINIA
Jessica Pierson Moore1, Susan E. Pool1, Philip A. Dinterman1, J. Eric Lewis1, Ray Boswell2
REGIONAL GEOLOGY
Geneseo and Marcellus completed wells
DUAL MARCELLUS/ UPPER DEVONIAN WELL PADWETZEL COUNTY, WV
exhibit similar average monthly production; pad also has two wells permitted to the Middlesex
1 West Virginia Geological & Economic Survey, 2 U.S. DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory
DUAL MARCELLUS/ UTICA WELL PADMARSHALL COUNTY, WV
Three Marcellus wells were completedin 2011; these wells have an average cumulative
gas production of 1.3 Bcf . The Utica well, completed in
Classes0.25 - 0.3
0.3 - 0.35
0.35 - 0.4
0.4 - 0.45
0.45 - 0.5
0.5 - 0.55
0.55 - 0.6
0.6 - 0.65
0.65 - 0.7
0.7 - 0.71 max
0 10 205
Data Extent
Marcellus ShalePressure Estimates Received from Operators
ZONES OF OVERPRESSURE NATURAL FRACTURE NETWORKS
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
Marcellus XRD Harrison Co @ 7221
TOC = 8.03%
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
Marcellus XRD Harrison Co @ 7170 .
Title TOC = 4.71%
QUARTZOSE SEDIMENTS
Lash and Engelder (2009)
AREA OF INTEREST
PrestonGarrettMarion
Allegany
Mineral
GrantBarbour
Taylor
Fayette Somerset
Pleasants
Greene
Monongalia
Ritchie
Marshall
Tucker
Doddridge
Harrison
Tyler
Wetzel
Lewis
WestmorelandWashington
UpshurGilmer
RandolphWest Virginia
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Virginia
Maryland
A
A'
B'
B
C
C'
SvetzNo.1
BurleyNo.1
0 50 MILES
0 50 KILOMETERS
81° 80° 79° 78°
40°
39°
40°
39°
81° 80° 79° 78°
Figure 2.—Location of seismic sections, wells, and major basement
A A'
EXPLANATION
Rome trough
Seismic line
Thrust fault—Sawteeth on upper plate
Normal fault—From Shumaker (1996). Bar and ball on downthrown side. Dashed where inferred
Normal fault—This study. Bar and ball on downthrown side. Dashed where inferred
Normal fault—From Shumaker (1996). Red bar and ball shows downthrown side from this study. Dashed where inferred
Well location
Alle
ghen
y st
ruct
ural
fron
t
0 5 10 15 20 MILES
APPROXIMATE SCALE
AMPLITUDE
-800 -400 0 400 800
Pottsville Group and post-Pottsville rocks
Venango Group
Bradford Group
Elk Group
Hamilton Group
Juniata Formation
Reedsville Shale
Trenton Limestone
Beekmantown Group
Knox Group and pre-Knox rocks
Grenvillian basement
Salina Group
Pottsville Group and post-Pottsville rocks
Greenbrier Limestone
Venango Group
Bradford Group
Elk Group
Hamilton Group
Juniata Formation
Reedsville Shale
Trenton Limestone
Beekmantown Group
Knox Group andpre-Knox rocks
Grenvillian basement
Salina Group
Greenbrier Limestone
Normal fault—Several faults suggest compressional reactivation
Foreland-vergent imbricate thrust faults
Back thrusts
Major detachment zone at base of thrust sheet
EXPLANATION
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
0.900
1.000
1.100
1.200
1.300
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1.700
1.800
1.900
2.000
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3.900
4.000
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4.900
5.000
Time(seconds)
Time(seconds)
0.100
0.200
0.300
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0.800
0.900
1.000
1.100
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3.800
3.900
4.000
4.100
4.200
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4.500
4.600
4.700
4.800
4.900
5.000
George's Creek syncline Chestnut Ridge anticline extension Ligonier syncline Etam anticline Deer Park anticlineArches Fork anticline Wolf Summit anticline
Rome troughBurley No. 1 synthetic seismogram projection
western Allegheny Plateau eastern Allegheny Plateau
The U.S. Geological Survey purchased the license for the digital data used in this investigation from Seismic Exchange Inc. (SEI). If further access to these data is needed, please contact SEI.
A A'
Prot
eroz
oic
Pale
ozoi
c
Cam
bria
nO
rdov
icia
nSi
luria
nD
evon
ian
Mis
s.Pe
nn.
Age West LithologyFormation or Group Name Extensional andOrogenic EventsEast
ThrustSheets
Tuscarora Sandstone
Oriskany Sandstone and Helderberg Group
Greenbrier Limestone and Mauch Chunk Group
Berea Sandstone, Sunbury Shale, and Price Formation
Post-Pottsville rocks, undivided
Grenvillian basement
Salina Group (includes salt beds)and Wills Creek Formation
Genesee Formation
Sonyea Formation
Conasauga Group and Rome Formation
Beekmantown GroupKnox unconformity
Reedsville Shale (Utica Shale at base)
Rose Hill Formation
Juniata Formation
Tully Limestone, Hamilton Group, Marcellus Shale, and Onondaga Limestone
Pottsville Group
Copper Ridge Dolomite of the Knox Group
Upper sandstone member of the Copper Ridge Dolomite of the Knox Group
Oswego Sandstone
Salina Group, Tonoloway Limestone,and Wills Creek Formation
Lockport Dolomite and Keefer Sandstone
Venango Group (Formation)and Riceville Formation Hampshire Formation
Rome-Waynesboro
sheet
Autochthonous Grenvillianbasement
Salina sheet
Reedsville-Martinsburg
sheet
Passive continental
by Rome troughextension
Lower
Lower
Lower
Lower
Lower
Lower
Upper
Upper
Upper
Upper
Upper
Upper
Middle
Middle
Middle
Middle
?
McKenzie Limestone and Keefer Sandstone
Alleghanian orogeny
Taconic orogeny
Acadian orogeny
Seismic StratigraphicPackages
Venango Group
Bradford Group
Pottsville Group andpost-Pottsville rocks
Greenbrier Limestone
Hamilton Group
Juniata Formation
Reedsville Shale
Beekmantown Group
Knox Group andpre-Knox rocks
Trenton Limestone
Elk Group
Salina Group
Grenvillianbasement
Approximate locationof Burley No. 1 well
Trenton Limestone
Harrell Shale
Brallier Formation
Greenland Gap Group
Elk Group
Java Formation
West FallsFormation Rhinestreet Shale Member
Angola Shale Member
Huron Mbr. ofthe Ohio Shale
ChagrinShale
Bradford Group
Perm. Lower
Black River Limestone
Figure 3.--Correlation chart of Paleozoic and Proterozoic rocks in the study area and associated thrust sheets. Also shown are times of major extensional and orogenic events. Colors refer to seismic
GNSOMRCL
PNPL
A’
USGS Map I-2791 Figure 2.
Kulander and Ryder, 2005 (USGS Map I-2791)
MARCELLUS SHALE PLAYRESERVOIR THICKNESS ORGANIC CONTENT
GENESEO/BURKET SHALE PLAY
RESERVOIR THICKNESS ORGANIC CONTENT ANTECEDENT TOPOGRAPHY
0
10
20
30
40
50
Geneseo/Burket XRDWetzel Co WV-7 @ 6507.7
TOC= 2.6% avg.
0
10
20
30
40
Geneseo/Burket XRDWetzel Co WV-7 @ 6493.5
TOC= 2.6% avg.
MARCELLUS
GENESEO
Marshall County, WVGastar Well Pads
Neuhaus et al., 2012 (SPE 16195)
OH WV WVHarrison Co. Marshall Co. Marion Co. Preston Co.
)teeF( leveL aeS naeM woleB htpeD
GRGR GR
MARCELLUS S
HALE
BURKET SHALE
RHINESTREET SHALE
47-077-0011947-051-00539
POINT PLEASANT FORMATION
47-049-0024434-067-20103
“UTICA SHAL E”
WVHardy Co.47-031-00021
WV
GR
MIDDLESEX SHALE
- 12000
- 8000
- 10000
- 6000
- 4000
- 2000
NW SE
41 miles 36 miles 27 miles
sea level
32 miles
STRUCTURAL CROSS-SECTION FROM HARRISON CO., OHIO TO HARDY CO., WEST VIRGINIA
1 2 3 4 5
DUNKIRK SHALE DEVONIAN
SILURIAN
ORDOVICIAN
GR
W9427.5
W9492.5
Matrix % CompositionQuartz 10Calcite 25Clay 50Organics 5Fossils <1
Matrix % CompositionQuartz 25Calcite 10Clay 45Organics 20Fossils <1
Matrix % Composition 1 2 3 4Quartz <1 20 5 10Calcite 30 55 10 25Clay 60 5 60 30Organics <1 20 10 20Fossils 7 0 0 25
Fossils Identi�iedTrilobiteOstracodCrinoidBrachiopodEchinodermBurrowsCalcareous Thin ShelledPelloid
Fossils Identi�ied1. Trilobite Burrow2. Spiculite Sponge Burrows3. Ostracod4. Ostracod
Fossils Identi�iedEchinodermTrilobite
11
2
34
W9486
49-244
>50 ft. salt in Salina Fm
MAP WV24 (1987)
Harrell ShaleGR > 230 API
(Boyce, 2010)
THERMAL MATURITY & RESERVOIR PRESSURE
INTERBEDDED CARBONATE AND ORGANIC SHALE
SEM Image of well-developed organic porosity in the Point Pleasant Formation (core 74NY5). Thermal maturity of the samples is above 3.0% Ro. The Point Pleasant Formation notably lacks intergranular porosity; a majority of pores are located within organic material. As the reservoir matures, the pore networks become more robust and interconnected. FromCarter and Soeder, 2015. Images and analyses courtesy of Juergen Schieber (Indiana University).
ORGANIC POROSITY
Target Reservoir = Point Pleasant Formation
05
1015202530
Point Pleasant XRD Marion-244 @ 13,045
TOC = 3.46%
05
101520253035
Point Pleasant XRD Marion-244 @ 12,940
TOC = 0.47%
Stacked Shale Well LocationsUtica Well Locations
Upper Devonian Well Locations
Marcellus Completed Well Locations
Marcellus Permitted Well Locations
0 105Miles
¶
WV HORIZONTAL WELL LOCATIONS
WVGES
A
ABSTRACTThree shale-gas units underlying northern and north-central West Virginia create opportunity for one horizontal well pad to produce from multiple zones. The Upper Ordovician Utica/Point Pleasant, Middle Devonian Marcellus, and Upper Devonian Burket/Geneseo
construction of fairway maps for each play.
Current drilling activity focuses on the Marcellus, with more than 1,000 horizontal completions reported through mid-2015. Across northern West Virginia, the Marcellus is 40 to 60 ft. thick with a depth range between 5,000 and 8,000 ft. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) is generally 10% or greater. Quartz content is relatively high (~60%) and clay content is low (~30%). Reservoir pressure estimates range from 0.3 to 0.7 psi/ft and generally increase to the north. Volumetric assessment of the Marcellus in this area yields preliminary original gas-in-place estimates of 9 to 24 Bcf/mi2.
The Burket /Geneseo interval is approximately 15 to 40 ft thick across the fairway. The underlying Tully Limestone and Mahantango
to simultaneously complete both formations. This interval may be less conducive to fracture stimulation with relatively high clay (~60%) and low quartz content (~20%). TOC content in this section is generally less than 5%. Seventeen wells report a cumulative volume of 13.2 Bcf of gas and nearly 7,000 bbl of liquids through 2014.
three months of production. Reservoir depths range from 10,000 to 12,000 ft and estimates suggest the area is highly over-pressured, with gradients from 0.5 to 0.9 psi/ft. TOC content generally ranges from 1 to 4% and organic-rich shale beds are often thinly interbedded with more carbonate-rich strata. Clay content is typically around 50% in the Utica/Point Pleasant interval; carbonate constitutes 20 to 30% and quartz content is 10 to 20%.
UTICA SHALE PLAY-Patchen and Carter, Utica Shale Play Book
“Neither Utica nor Shale”
Dow, 1977
EQT Shiben PadWetzel County, WV
Marcellus + Utica(potential increases to northeast)
Upper Devonian + Marcellus + Utica(potential generally increases to north) Utica + Marcellus (?)
GENERALIZED FAIRWAY MAP
Boyce, 2010
WOOD-351 THIN SECTION ANALYSIS
(R. McDowell and D. Skerbitz, WVGES)
CHUMNEY FAMILY TRUST CORE ANALYSIS
(T. Smith, Smith Stratigraphic, LLC)
Chumney Family Trust
RESOURCE POTENTIAL AND
IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT Presence of multiple unconventional shale gas units in northern West Virginia presents a unique and challenging opportunity for development of the resource. Pool (2013) estimated that the Marcellus Shale contains 122 Tcf of original gas-in-place; this number is likelyconservative due to a lack of accurate reservoir pressure estimates at time of publication. An updated volumetric assessment of Devonian shale units in WV is currently underway.
Basin-wide assessment of the Point Pleasant Formation (Hohn et al., 2015) yields OGIP estimates of approximately 1,745 Tcf. Northern West Virginia is situated favorably withinthe“sweet spot” of the reservoir; acreage in West Virginia accounts for 10-15% of the overall area. Development of the Point Pleasant is anticipated to move eastward following successful testwells in the eastern portion of the Pennsylvania fairway. This development will occur withinthe footprint of Marcellus drilling, which presents challenges for acquiring contiguous deepmineral rights as well as siting well pads in steep topography.
A �nal consideration for development of stacked shale units in West Virginia is pressure regime--maintaining it in the Devonian section, and controlling it in the Point Pleasant. Completion techniques will likely be modi�ed using lessons learned from early development,as necessity is so often the mother of invention.