evening primrose oil | apollo +91 91 46 950 950apollopharma.in/pdf/eveningprimrose oil.pdfeffective,...
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Evening Primrose Oil | apollo +91 91 46 950 950
Evening Primrose Oil | apollo +91 91 46 950 950
Evening Primrose Oil
CAS Number : 90028-66-3
Molecular Formula : C18H30O2
Systematic (IUPAC) : Oenotherabiennis ext.;
Introduction
This fact sheet provides basic information about evening primrose oil—common names, uses, potential side effects, and resources for more information. Evening
primrose is a plant native to North America, but it grows in Europe and parts of the Southern hemisphere as well. It has yellow flowers that bloom in the evening. Evening primrose oil contains gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an essential fatty acid. Essential fatty acids are required by the body for growth and development, and must be
obtained from the diet.
What Evening Primrose Oil Is Used For
Evening primrose oil has been used since the 1930s for eczema (a condition in which the skin becomes
inflamed, itchy, or scaly because of allergies or other irritation).
More recently it has been used for other conditions involving inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Evening primrose oil is used for conditions affecting
women’s health, such as breast pain associated with the menstrual cycle, menopausal symptoms, and
premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
Other conditions for which evening primrose oil is used include cancer and diabetes.
How Evening Primrose Oil Is Used
Evening primrose oil is extracted from the seeds of the evening primrose. The oil is usually put into capsules for
use.
What the Science Says
Evening primrose oil may have modest benefits for eczema, and it may be useful for rheumatoid arthritis and breast pain. However, study results are mixed, and most studies have been small and not well designed.
Evening primrose oil does not appear to affect menopausal symptoms.
Although some clinical trials have shown a benefit of evening primrose oil for PMS, the best-designed trials
found no effect.
There is not enough evidence to support the use of evening primrose oil for other health conditions.
Side Effects and Cautions
Evening primrose oil is well tolerated by most people. Mild side effects include gastrointestinal upset and
headache.
Tell all your health care providers about any complementary and alternative practices you use. Give them a full picture of what you do to manage your
health. This will help ensure coordinated and safe care. For tips about talking with your health care providers about CAM, see NCCAM’s Time to Talk campaign.
What is it?
Evening primrose oil is the oil from the seed of the evening primrose plant. Evening primrose oil is used for skin disorders such as eczema, psoriasis, and acne. It is
also used for rheumatoid arthritis, weak bones (osteoporosis), Raynaud’s syndrome, multiple sclerosis (MS), Sjogren’s syndrome, cancer, high cholesterol, heart disease, a movement disorder in children called
dyspraxia, leg pain due to blocked blood vessels (intermittent claudication), alcoholism, Alzheimer’s
disease, and schizophrenia.
Some people use evening primrose oil for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS); asthma; nerve damage related to diabetes; an itching disorder called neurodermatitis;
hyperactivity in children and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); obesity and weight loss;
whooping cough; and gastrointestinal disorders including ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome,
and peptic ulcer disease. Women use evening primrose oil in pregnancy for preventing high blood pressure (pre-eclampsia),
shortening labor, starting labor, and preventing late deliveries. Women also use evening primrose oil for
premenstrual syndrome (PMS), breast pain, endometriosis, and symptoms of menopause such as hot
flashes.
In foods, evening primrose oil is used as a dietary source of essential fatty acids.
In manufacturing, evening primrose oil is used in soaps and cosmetics.
In Britain, evening primrose oil used to be approved for treating eczema and breast pain. However, the
Medicines Control Agency (MCA), the British equivalent of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA),
withdrew the licenses for evening primrose oil products marketed as prescription drug products for these uses.
The licenses were withdrawn because the agency concluded that there is not enough evidence that they are effective. The manufacturer disagrees, but it hasn’t published studies yet to prove the effectiveness of
evening primrose for these uses.
How effective is it?
Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly
Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate.
The effectiveness ratings for EVENING PRIMROSE OIL are as follows:
Possibly effective for...
Breast pain (mastalgia). It may not be effective for long-term severe breast pain, though.
Osteoporosis, when used in combination with calcium and fish oils.
Possibly ineffective for...
Symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Reducing symptoms of a kind of skin disorder called atopic dermatitis (eczema).
Hot flashes and night sweats due to menopause.
Insufficient evidence to rate effectiveness for...
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). There is some early evidence that a specific combination of evening primrose oil and fish oils (Efamarine) might reduce the symptoms of CFS. However, study results have not been consistent.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Some studies show evening primrose oil reduces pain in RA. But some other studies
show no benefit.
Complications of pregnancy. Research to date suggests that taking evening primrose oil doesn’t seem to shorten labor, prevent high blood pressure (pre-eclampsia), or
prevent late deliveries in pregnant women.
Sjogren’s syndrome (an autoimmune disorder in which certain body cells attack and destroy the glands that produce tears and saliva). There is some evidence that taking evening primrose oil doesn’t improve symptoms.
Cancer.
Acne.
Multiple sclerosis (MS).
Rheumatoid arthritis.
Heart disease.
High cholesterol.
Alzheimer’s disease.
Other conditions.
More evidence is needed to rate evening primrose oil for these uses.
How does it work?
Evening primrose oil contains “fatty acids.” Some women with breast pain might not have high enough levels of certain ”fatty acids.” Fatty acids also seem to
help decrease inflammation related to conditions such as arthritis and eczema.
Are there safety concerns?
Evening primrose oil is LIKELY SAFE for most people. It can sometimes cause mild side effects including upset
stomach, nausea, diarrhea, and headache.
Special precautions & warnings
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Taking evening primrose oil is POSSIBLY UNSAFE during pregnancy. It might
increase the chance of having complications. Don’t use it if you are pregnant.
It is POSSIBLY SAFE to take evening primrose oil during breast-feeding, but it’s best to check with your
healthcare provider first.
Bleeding disorders: There is a concern that evening primrose oil might increase the chance of bruising and bleeding. Don’t use it if you have a bleeding disorder.
Epilepsy or another seizure disorder: There is a concern that taking evening primrose oil might make seizures
more likely in some people. If you have a history of seizure, avoid using it.
Schizophrenia: Seizures have been reported in people with schizophrenia treated with phenothiazine drugs, GLA (a chemical found in evening primrose oil), and
vitamin E. Get your healthcare provider’s opinion before starting evening primrose oil.
Surgery: Evening primrose oil might increase the chance of bleeding during or after surgery. Stop using it at least
2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.
Are there interactions with medications?
Major
Do not take this combination.
Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs)
Evening primrose oil contains GLA (gamma-linolenic acid), which might slow blood clotting. Taking evening primrose oil along with medications that also slow clotting might increase the chances of bruising and
bleeding.
Some medications that slow blood clotting include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as diclofenac
(Voltaren, Cataflam, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, others),
dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, warfarin (Coumadin), and others.
Moderate
Be cautious with this combination.
Medications used during surgery (Anesthesia)
Evening primrose oil might interact with medications used during surgery. One person who was taking
evening primrose oil and other medications had a seizure during surgery. But there isn't enough
information to know if evening primrose oil or the other medications caused the seizure. Be sure to tell your doctor what natural products you are taking before
having surgery. To be on the safe side, you should stop taking evening primrose oil at least 2 weeks before
surgery.
Phenothiazines
Taking evening primrose oil with phenothiazines might increase the risk of having a seizure in some people.
Some phenothiazines include chlorpromazine (Thorazine), fluphenazine (Prolixin), trifluoperazine
(Stelazine), thioridazine (Mellaril), and others.
Are there interactions with herbs and
supplements?
Herbs and supplements that might slow blood clotting
Using evening primrose oil along with herbs that can slow blood clotting could increase the risk of bleeding in
some people. These herbs include angelica, clove, danshen, garlic, ginger, ginkgo, red clover, turmeric, and
others.
Are there interactions with foods?
There are no known interactions with foods.
What dose is used?
The following doses have been studied in scientific research:
BY MOUTH:
For breast pain: 3-4 grams daily.
Other namesReturn to top
Aceite de Onagra, Acide Cis-linoléique, Cis-Linoleic Acid, EPO, Evening Primrose, Evening Primrose Seed Oil, Fever Plant, Herbe-aux-ânes, Huile de Graines
d’onagre, Huile D'Onagre, Huile de Primerose, Huile de Primevère Vespérale, Jambon de Jardinier, Jambon du Paysan, King's Cureall, Mâche Rouge, Night Willow-
Herb, Oenothera biennis, Oenothera muricata, Oenothera purpurata, Oenothera rubricaulis, Oenothera suaveolens, Œnothère, Oil of Evening Primrose, Onagra
biennis, Onagraire, Onagre Bisannuelle, Onagre Commune, Primevère du Soir, Primrose, Primrose Oil,
Scabish, Sun Drop.
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