Bomb Research Chief Denies Killing Rays Will Linger for Years Br thf Associated Press.

Fears that deadly after effect* of the new atomic bomb might linger for years were calmed yesterday by the man in the best position to know.

The War Department quoted Dr. J. R. Oppenhelmer, head of this phase of atomic research, in deny- ing published reports that blasted- out areas might continue to emit killing radioactive rays for years.

Dr. Harold Jacobson of Columbia University, one of those who par- ticipated in the atomic research, had expressed the opinion that rays

» from the atomic bomb dropped on

Hiroshima might persist for 70 years. His views were expressed in a story distributed Tuesday by the Inter- national News Service.

N* Basis for Fears. The War Department said in a

statement yesterday: "In the opinion of the most com-

petent experts who have been study- p. ing all phases of the effects of the

bomb for a number of years there is no basis for Dr. Jacobson’s spec- ulation with respect to radioactivity. There has been no expectation by these same experts of any such radioactive phenomena as he de- scribes.

"Dr. J. R. Oppenheimer, the head of this phase of work, when asked for his views said: ’Based on all of our experimental work and study and on the results of the tests in New Mexico there is every reason to believe that there was no ap- preciable radioactivity on the ground at Hiroshima and what little there was decayed very rapidly.”

Represents Own Opinions. In New York, Dr. Jacobson said

his connection with the atomic project was in a minor official capacity and that the material in his story "represents my opinions rather than confidential informa- tion.”

"I find that as a result of later Information eminent and qualified scientists do not agree with some of my opinions,” he said.

"I am surprised and pleased to learn that the results of the July experiment indicate that only minor a mounts of radioactivity are pres- ent after the explosion and that these quickly disappear.”

Dr. Jacobson Reported III at New York Home By the Associated Press.

NEW YORK, Aug. 9 —Dr. Harold Jacobson, whose expressed opinion that an atomic bomb explosion would leave deadly rays behind for 70 years was denied yesterday by the War Department, is ill at his home, a spokesman for Wilcox, Inc.,1 said today.

Dr. Jacobson, a technician for the firm, was 'spoken to" by War De- partment representatives yesterday regarding the newspaper article in which he expressed the opinion, the spokesman said.

These representatives mentioned possible penalties for violation of security regulations, the spokesman added, but made no threat of arrest. It is the firm's contention, he said, that no security violation was in- volved.

Wilcox. Inc., prepares technical manuals for the armed forces.

Danger From Death Rays For Short Time Seen

EVANSTON, 111., Aug. 9 <7Pt.—Dr. Malcolm Dole, professor of chemis- try at Northwestern University, who worked on the atomic bomb, said last night that radioactive rays freed by the bomb's explosion "would be dangerous for from a few hours to a few days.”

Dr. Dole said the rays would be dangerous to any life not extin- guished by the blast or to any one

exploring areas devastated by such an explosion unless they used special protection.

"You couldn't invade within a few hours after you’d dropped an atomic bomb, for instance, because the in- vaders would be exposed to the rays,” he stated.

Plain water, he added, is the best agent for combatting the rays' ef- fects. The rays cannot penetrate a tank of water 2 to 3 feet thick, he explained.

Dr. Dole said he worked on three i phases of the bomb project—at a [ "Western plant,” the University of I California and the Oak Ridge1 <Tenn.) plant.

Reporters Hear No Sound i

As They View Bomb Plant Py the Associated Press.

RICHLAND, Wash., Aug. 9 —The silence of the desert which surrounds the Hanford atom bomb plants is unbroken by any sound from the huge flat-topped buildings in which 6.000 trained technicians work on the mightiest destructive agent known to man.

Surface secrets of the plants were shown to newspapermen for the first time yesterday, as Army engineers passed' them through barricades never before opened to any one but employes and raced them across the sand-duned stretches of South Cen- tral Washington into the project area The reporters were halted at the guard gates, nearly half a mile from the installations and could go no farther.

Seven groups of concrete build- ings in sagebrush country 26 miles north of this headquarters city are the ‘works,” but not a pound of whatever it is that goes into the atomic energy bomb was visible out- side the buildings. Not a worker was seen.

Tall smokestacks of the produc- tion units stood out against low hills. The 7 to 10 buildings among the stacks are round—built like barn alios; huge, flat-topped structures up to 800 feet long and as high as 30-story buildings. Many are win- dowless. The projects hundreds of square miles are cobwebbed by power lines.

Curie Son-in-Law Says He Started Atom Work py thy Associated Press.

PAIMPOL, France, Aug. 9—Sci- entist Frederic Jollot-Curie, son-in- law of Pierre and Marie Curie, the discoverers of radium, issued this statement today:

“The use of atomic energy and the atomic bomb had its inception In the discoveries and work at the College of France in 1939-40 by Mr. and Mrs. Joliot-Curie, Halban and ICowarskl.”

The statement added that “cer- tain news coming from Washington and printed in the French press did hot mention the origin” of the re- search which culminated with the Unloosing of atom bombs on Japan.

Heavy Water Plant In Germany Fell to Allies Almost Intact

By CHARLES CHAMBERLAIN, 8Ur Staff Correspondent.

KIEL, Germany. Aug. 9.—A race

against time was won by the Allies by a narrow margin three months ago when the largest heavy water

plant in Germany, where Nazi scientists labored furiously to per- fect an atomic bomb, was captured almost intact.

It may now be disclosed that the

Allies were so concerned over pos- sible German progress with the bomb that they planned a bold mass parachute attack on Kiel as

early as last March to take the experimental station, just outside this base.

The plan was dropped only after the successful Allied crossing of the Rhine, this correspondent learned.

The Kiel plant, captured three months ago and turned over to British and American specialists, was burled in a camouflaged con- crete vault on a wooded hillside and contained eight vats for the manu- facture of "D-20,” or heavy water— used In one of the possible processes for producing atomic bombs.

Cobwebs of connecting plastic pipes and files recording the experi- ments were destroyed by sabotage before the Allies arrived.

The extent of the Nazis’ atomic discoveries remains a top secret. But they were making great strides and were catching up. The Euro- pean war ended Just in time.

Among the secret weapons in production at the factory were acoustics torpedoes driven by “in- golene,” a fuel described by some

sources as 800 times as powerful as

high-octane gasoline.

Harry Hillman, 64, Dies; Dartmouth Track Coach By 1 he Associated Press. ,

HANOVER, N. H., Aug. 9 —Harry Hillman, 64, Dartmouth College track coach, died early today.

Mr. Hillman died at Dick's House of the college infirmary after being stricken two days with a heart ail- ment.

A member of the physical educa- tion department faculty since 1910, he developed many intercollegiate and Olympic track champions dur- ing his tenure as coach.

Infantry Body Armor Made by Detroit Firm by the Associated Press.

DETROIT, Aug. 9.—The McCord Carp., which has made more than 20,000,000 steel helmets and an ejec- tor tube for aerial machine guns and .cannon, disclosed today that It also Is making plates for body armor for American infantrymen.

The finished suits are made by the Crawford Manufacturing Co. of Richmond, Va.

Announcing that the War De- partment had authorized disclosure of the new suits, A. C. McCord, president of the corporation, said they weigh 12 pounds, and while they will not stop a rifle bullet they are proof against most shrapnel.

The suit does not protect all the body but does protect the heart, lungs, stomach and kidneys.

Mr. McCord said the suits are be- ing produced at the rate of 85,000 a month.

Atom Bomb (Continued From First Page.)

was hit heavily on successive days, last July 31 and August 1, by Oki- nawa-based bombers and fighters of the Far East Air Force.

Nagasaki contained three Mitsu- bishi plants—ordnance, a steel and arms works and an electric manu- facturing company. It nestled among rugged hills and its 12 square

Circulation, June 1945 (Average net paid)

The Evening Star__w_208,7S7 The Sunday Star_214,110

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Some Scientists Refused to Help Devise Bomb, British Peer Says

Possible horrible” consequencies to all mankind made some Allied scientists refuse to help devise an atomic bomb. Sir James Chadwick related last night. Others who 4lid help hoped from time to time that the effort would fail.

‘‘I don’t know how It was in this country,” said the recently knighted British scientific adviser of the Anglo- American Bomb Policy Committee, ‘‘but many of my own

people were un- *,r ■!»■«« ckaSwi«k. willing to join. Many at one time or another hoped it wouldn’t work, that something would be found to establish definitely that It couldn't work.”

"I often hoped myself that it wouldn't work,” he admitted.

What agitated the physicists wasn’t the fear that atomic disin- tegration, once started, would get out of hand and destroy the planet. The chances of that were found to be small. Sir James said. “Although” he added, “one never really knows.” The worry which haunted the scien- tists as they worked sprang from their realization of the immense

destructive power they were about to give a world possibly unready for It.

The lean, aquiline, bespectacled Nobel prize winner, who looks ex-

actly as a leading British scientist ought to look, answered press con- ference questions without a sign of elation. Only an occasional dry chuckle indicated that he was glad to be back in his Washington house at 1825 Q street N.W. with Lady Chadwick and their twin 18-year- old daughters, Joanna and Judith.

The production for use on Hiro- shima of the first finished missile came almost exactly on the date the Anglo-American savants had set for it in 1943, when the project was put in motion in America, 8ir James revealed.

The 53-vear old physicist was reared in Manchester. He attended the universities of Manchester, Cambridge—where he studied under Lord Rutherford, a founder of mod- em nuclear physics techniques— and Berlin, where his sponsor was Dr. H. Geiger, cosmic ray expert. As assistant to Lord Rutherford in directing Cambridge's Cavendish laboratory, he discovered the ex- istence of neutrons. For this he was awarded the Nobel prize in physics in 1935. On leave as pro- fessor of physics at Liverpool Uni- versity, he has been a leading spirit in the atomic bomb quest since the beginning of the war.

miles occupied a site similar to an amphitheater reaching out from re- claimed land along the water front. Tentacle-like growths branched into narrow valleys of the surrounding hills.

Crewmen who dropped the bomb on Nagasaki immediately flashed 'good results” via radio to Gen.

Spaatz’s headquarters. The gen- eral said no further details would be available until the mission re- turns.

Nagasaki, although having only about 70 per cent of Hiroshima’s population, was considered more im- portant industrially. Its buildings were so close together that it was referred to as "a sea of roofs.”

It was vitally important for the shipment of military supplies and embarkation of troops to Japan's operations in China, Formosa. Southeast Asia and the Southwest Pacific. Both the navy and mer- chant fleets took advantage of its major shipbuilding and repair facilities.

It includes the industrial suburbs of Inase and Akunoura on the west side of the harbor, and Urakami.

Immediately before issuing his Nagasaki-atom bomb communique, Gen. Spaatz had reported that 402 Super Forts carrying 2,300 tons of incendiaries and demolition bombs had achieved excellent results in attacking four other major targets yesterday and early today. Three Super Forts were lost.

Additionally, 73 Mustangs and Thunderbolts from Iwo struck four airfields and other targets in the Osaka area yesterday.

Widespread fires raged in the in- dustrial areas on Fukuyama, 42 miles northeast of Kure, after 92 Super Forts spilled more than 500 tons of incendiaries there. Anti- aircraft fire was meager and there was no lighter interception.

Large Fires Started.

Tfio Super Forts were lost in a 1,400-ton demolition bomb raid on

Japan’s big steel center, Yawata. The heavy explosive load, unloosed by 233 B-29s, started several large

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fires. There was slight interception and moderate antiaircraft fire.

Intense flak destroyed one B-29 as 67 of the Super Forts attacked the Nakajima aircraft plant and Tokyo arsenal with 400 tons of high explosives yesterday afternoon. Japanese fighters again evaded the issue. Gen. Spaatz reported good to excellent results.

The Mustang-Thunderbolt raid on Osaka destroyed a highway bridge, a locomotive and 10 small boats; fired a factory, and damaged shops, hangars, barracks, trains, railroad stations and small shipping. No Japanese planes rose to defend Osaka but intense antiaircraft fire downed six fighters. Three of the pilots were rescued.

MANILA, Aug. 9 </P).—Far East Air Force planes sank or damaged 23 Japanese ships and 36 small craft Sunday night and Monday in more than 400 sorties ranging from Korea to Malaya and the Indies. The bag Included two freighter-transports, five freighters and a gunboat off Kyushu.

Gen. MacArthur's communiqufeto- day also reported that five Japanese planes attempted to raid Okinawa before dawn Monday. One attacker was downed and two others proba- bly were dptroyed by antiaircraft

Twelve freighters, eight still on the slipways, were knocked out in raids on the Malav coast.

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HIROSHIMA DAMAGE—Pre- pared from Air Intelligence reports, this picture-diagram shows damage caused by the first atomic bomb attack. Area of greatest devastation is that darkened, within circle. Army advises that circle, with di- ameter of 19,000 feet, repre- sents normal* expectable ra- dius of damage. Small circle within circle marks aiming point of the attack. Spe- cific points are identified by number, with the extent of damage, as follows:

1. Army transport base 25% 2. Army ordnance depot —

3. Army food depot_ 35% 4. Army clothing depot. 85% 5. Hiroshima railway station_ 30%

6. Industrial plant_ 90% 7. Sumitomo rayon plant 25% 8. Kinkwa rayon mill... 10% 9. Teikoku textile mill .100%

10. Power plant __. ? 11. Oil storage.. on fire 12. Electric railway power

station_:_.100% 13. Electric power

generator__100% 14 Telephone company 100% 15. Hiroshima gas works 100% 18. Hiroshima railway

station_ 100% 17. Railroad station_100% 18. Bridge, debris loaded,

intact. 19. Bridge, one-fourth missing. 20. Large bridge, shattered. 21. Bridge, large hole west side. 22. Bridge, intact, banks caved

in. 23. Bridge, intact, debris cov-

ered. 24. Both bridges intact. 25. Bridge, 100% destroyed. 26. Bridge, severely damaged. 27. Bridge, destroyed. 28. Bridge, shattered. 29. Bridge, intact, slight

damage. 30. Bridge, Intact, severely

damaged.

SECOND ATOMIC BOMB TARGET—View of the Tategami shipyard at Nagasaki, Japanese port on Kyushu Island. Nagasaki was hit today by the second atomic bomb dropped in the war.

—AP Wirephoto.

Nagasaki Well Known as Scene Of Puccini's Madame Butterfly

Nagasaki, target of the second atomic bomb attack by American flyers, is a city of more than 200,- 000 population on Kyushu, Japan’s westernmost island. It is a com-

mercial port and shipbuilding cen-

ter, where most of Japan’s peace- time liners were constructed.

Many Americans are familiar with Nagasaki as the scene of Giacomo Puccini’s opera, "Madame Butter- fly.” which tells the story of the love affair between an American naval officer and a Japanese girl. He sails away with his ship, prom- ising to return. He does, but with an American wife. The Japanese girl's song, “One Fine Day” as she

waits tor him to come back to her, is one of the most frequently sung opera arias.

The city lies at the head of Naga- saki Bay, 3 miles from the East China Sea, a description by the National Geographic Society says.

The bay forms an excellent shel- tered harbor opening to the south- west. It is fringed with heavily wooded hills. A military fort and the Mitsubishi dockyard are on

the west side of the bay. The main! area of the town lies on flat land along the northeast shore and reaches back into narrow ravines between green hills. Houses also blanket the hillsides and compete

Jap Scientists Once Worked With Americans on Atom Bomb

j By I hr Associated Presi.

BERKELEY, Calif., Aug. 9 — Jap- anese physicists from the University of Tokyo spent months worthing with

University of California scientists at the radiation laboratory, which harbors the famed cyclotron, pri- mary unit In development of the

theory of the atomic bomb, Dr.

Ernest O. Lawrence, Nobel prize- winning physicist, revealed yester- day.

One Japanese scientist spent most of 1938 and part of 1939 at the lab- oratory, which since the war has been one of the Government’s most closely guarded secrets.

The Japanese were among many scientists from throughout the world who came to study with Dr. Lawrence after he won the Nobel Prize In 1939 and use the atom-

slashing equipment which he de- veloped. The Japanese remained until a short time before Pearl Harbor.

Dr. Lawrence did not say whether the Japanese had learned anything here which would aid them in de- veloping their own version of the atomic bomb.

In his first interview since reports of the bomb’s great destruction on

Hiroshima, Dr. Lawrence emphasized : that the bomb is the work of many

j persons. Recalling the history of the bomb

i project. Dr. Lawrence said that in ■ the fall of 1941 he went to Dr. War- ; ren Weaver, director of natural sci- ences for the Rockefeller Founda- tion, which had given $1,150,000 to build the cyclotron. He told him he

i believed he had something that would contribute to the war effort."

Within 24 hours Dr. Weaver had permission of Dr. Harry Emerson

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You can make a valuable contribution to tbe war effort by donating blood. It may aavc a wounded soldier’* life.

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Fosdick, president of the founda-

tion, to grant Dr. Lawrence addi- tional funds, although neither man

knew what he had in mind. Dr. Lawrence said he himself was

not certain of the outcome but he

had the atomic bomb in mind. At the peak of its war activity

the laboratory employed 1,200 peo-

ple. It now has 600. Dr. Lawrence said he expects to

confer in a few days with Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer, director of the bomb project, whose work has been commended by President Truman.

for space with temples and shrines. Many of the Nagasaki buildings

are of stone transported from Yagami-take, a. conic mountain east of the city.

Near the busy commercial water front were the consulates of foreign countries, also some of Nagasaki's industries such as cotton spinning mills. Many canals reach back into the town and are spanned by arched bridges.

The Mitsubishi shipyard is nearly a century old. Now building ships of war, it has the advantage of be- ing convenient to steel mills on

Kyushu. Second industry of the port is the Akoura engine works.

Nagasaki at one time was Japan's port of entry for travelers coming from China, the Philippines and East Indies. The Russian Navy, using it as a headquarters just prior to the Russo-Japanese War, brought prosperity to the district, and left a lasting mark on the city. It is the oldest open port in Japan.

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