Events Leading to the Civil War

#1: TRUE or FALSEAt the time of the writing of the Constitution,

the number one crop grown in the South was cotton.

Slavery & Civil War Review

FALSE. It was tobacco.

#2: TRUE or FALSE

At the time of the writing of the Constitution, many Americans believed that the slave system would die out on its own.

Slavery & Civil War Review

TRUE.

#3: What invention suddenly made growing cotton much more profitable?

Slavery & Civil War Review

The cotton gin.

Trial of tears

• Total U.S. population

was 3.5 million…• 700,000

slaves in the U.S. at this

time.• Still bought

slaves through the slave trade.

Trial of tears

• Total U.S. population was 18

million• 2 million slaves in the U.S. at this time.• 1808, importation of slaves was illegal• Slave trade within

the U.S.• Increase of slave

population was from natural reproduction

Trial of tears

33 million U.S. population, 4 million slaves in the South

1860

#4: TRUE or FALSE

Over 50% of Southern families owned at least one slave.

Slavery & Civil War Review

FALSE. 75% of Southern families didn’t own any slaves at all!

Life Under Slavery

–Slaves could not leave owners’ land

–Could not buy or sell goods

–Not allowed to learn to read or write

–Treated as property

The Civil War: Episode 1 The Cause 13:50-22:40

#5: TRUE or FALSE

Many slaves resisted slavery in one way or another.

Slavery Review

TRUE.

#6: How?

Fighting Back–Most resisted slavery –Quiet ways they resisted:• Learned to read• Broke tools• Left gates open to let the farm animals out• Faked illness• Hid stuff the owners needed and acted like

they knew nothing about it at all

Escape– Many chose to run away – Found safe places to hide

• Indians protected some• Some made it to the free North, some to Canada and others went

south to Mexico

• Many were helped by the Underground Railroad

Violent Resistance

A Series of Controversies Lead North and South

CLOSER AND CLOSER

TO CIVIL WAR

Controversy Over Missouri

Louisiana Territory

Free States

Slave States 11 11

The Situation: The year is 1820. The debate over statehood for Missouri is getting hotter day by day. To complicate

matters, Maine has just applied for admission to the union as well. Your job is to find a way to settle this controversy

that is acceptable to both the North and the South.

Louisiana Territory

The South’s Starting Position• Supports statehood for

Missouri as a slave state• Believes slaveholders have

the right to settle in ANY new territory.

• Opposes any solution that makes more free states than slave states.

The North’s Starting Position• Supports statehood for

Missouri and Maine as free states.

• Does NOT want slavery to expand into Louisiana Territory.

• Opposes any solution that makes more slave states than free states.

Your compromise should address these key questions:• Should Missouri be admitted to the union as a slave state, a free

state, or not at all?• What stand, if any, should Congress take on the spread of slavery

across Louisiana Territory?• What should Congress do about Maine’s request for statehood?

What really happened: The Missouri Compromise of 1820

1. Missouri admitted

as a slave state.

2. Maine admitted

as a free state.

3. Slavery was outlawed above

the 36⁰30’ line of latitude

FreeStates

12

Slave States

12

Nat Turner’s Rebellion (1830)

Led an attack killing 57 peopleHe and others were caught, tried in court,

and hangedSouthern attitudes about slavery hardened

Mexican-American War (1846-48)• U.S. picked a fight with its weak neighbor to gain territory• After a brief war, the U.S. took HALF of Mexico’s total land area

The stolen land had the potential to become a battleground over the slavery issue, but there were very few people there and it didn’t appear to be an immediate issue.But then came . . .

GOLD!

It is 1850. Congress is in an uproar over California and slavery. You will need all your skills as a compromiser

to settle this conflict and keep the union from flying apart.

The Situation:

The South’s Starting Position• Opposes letting free states gain a

majority in the Senate; reluctant to allow California admission to the union unless other territories are open to slavery.

• Believes slavery must be allowed to expand into Utah and New Mexico.

• Believes Congress has no power to meddle with slavery where it already exists.

• Demands a strong fugitive slave law to help track down runaways.

The North’s Starting Position• Supports statehood for

California as a free state.• Wants to ban slavery in New

Mexico and Utah territories.• Demands an end to slavery

and the slave trade in Washington, DC.

• Opposes any fugitive (runaway) slave law that would endanger runaways.

Your compromise should address these key questions:• Should California be admitted to the union as a free state?• What stand, if any, should Congress take on the future of slavery in New

Mexico and Utah territories?• Should Congress pass a strong new fugitive slave law?

The Compromise of 1850

1.

2. Open to possible slavery

3. Stronger Fugitive Slave Law

4. Slaveryto continue in DC,but slave trade banned there

HarrietBeecherStowe

1811 - 1896

HarrietBeecherStowe

1811 - 1896

So this is the lady who started the Civil War.

--Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852• Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.

• Sold 2 million in a decade!

“Brooks v. Sumner” 1856

“Brooks v. Sumner” 1856

Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

Rep. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

The Kansas-Nebraska Act opens up two territories to

“popular sovereignty”

1854

Bleeding Kansas

(1856-58)

Large #s of Pro-slavery & Anti-slavery advocates

Flock to Kansas

56 people brutally killed

The Supreme Court is considering the case of Dred Scott, a slave who is suing for his freedom. Consider the arguments on each question in this difficult case. Then come up with a decision you

can all live with.

The Situation:

Dred Scott Case (1857)

4. Rock Island, IL (3 years)

1. Born in VA

2. Cotton plantation in AL

3. St. Louis, MO

5. Ft. Snelling, MN

(1 year)

6. Back to St. Louis

The South’s Starting Position• Scott was born a slave, not a

citizen, and has no right to sue.

• Scott returned to Missouri with his owner as a slave and should continue to be treated as a slave under Missouri law.

• Under the Constitution, Congress cannot make laws that deny people the use of their property (including slaves) anywhere, including the territories.

The North’s Starting Position• The Constitution does not

limit citizenship to white people; African Americans have legal rights.

• By taking Scott to free territory, his owner gave up his right to treat Scott as a slave.

• Congress can make laws banning slavery in territories.

Your compromise should address these key questions:• Is Scott a citizen with the right to sue in federal court?• Did Scott’s visit to a free territory make him a free man?• Should Congress be able to ban slavery in the territories?

The Dred Scott Decision (1857)

1. Scott is not a citizen, so he has no right to sue in court.

2. Slaves are property and can be brought anywhere; therefore, the Missouri Compromise of 1820 is unconstitutional

3. Congress cannot make laws banning slavery in the territories

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, Virginia (1859)

New President

• Abraham Lincoln elected President of the United States in 1860

• During the election, he had spoken out strongly against the spread of slavery and hoped that one day it would end.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=election+of+1860&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=qu1g2ZxyHyBIZM&tbnid=NKzT0BSM_SIP0M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/usra_civil_war.htm&ei=P2kXUs3_I-atigKf5oCYCg&bvm=bv.51156542,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNHqvLTeC8skl34_-hCgtTaGu3QLvQ&ust=1377352168601832

Secession!Secession!