EVENTS LEADING TO THE EVENTS LEADING TO THE CIVIL WARCIVIL WAR

Missouri Compromise, 1820Missouri Compromise, 1820

Missouri became a slave state.Missouri became a slave state.Maine became a free state.Maine became a free state.Congress drew an imaginary line across Congress drew an imaginary line across

the Louisiana Territory at 36 30.the Louisiana Territory at 36 30.North of the line-slavery was banned North of the line-slavery was banned

except in Missouri.except in Missouri.South of the line-slavery was permittedSouth of the line-slavery was permitted It kept the Union together, but nobody It kept the Union together, but nobody

really liked it.really liked it.

Missouri Compromise, 1820Missouri Compromise, 1820

Wilmot Proviso, 1856-57Wilmot Proviso, 1856-57

Representative David Representative David Wilmot tried to outlaw Wilmot tried to outlaw slavery in new U.S. slavery in new U.S. territories.The issue was territories.The issue was passed by the House of passed by the House of Representatives but Representatives but dropped by the Senate. dropped by the Senate.

It created many debates It created many debates and made slavery an and made slavery an even more explosive even more explosive issue.issue.

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

California became a free state.California became a free state.New Mexico and Utah became territories New Mexico and Utah became territories

open to slavery.open to slavery.Slave trade (but not slavery) was Slave trade (but not slavery) was

abolished in Washington, D.C..abolished in Washington, D.C..A strong Fugitive Slave Law was A strong Fugitive Slave Law was

supposed to be enforced in the North and supposed to be enforced in the North and the South.the South.

Fugitive Slave Law, 1850Fugitive Slave Law, 1850

Part of the Part of the Compromise of 1850 Compromise of 1850 - Required people in - Required people in the North and the the North and the South to turn in South to turn in runaway slaves. runaway slaves.

Some Northerners Some Northerners openly defied it, openly defied it, creating more conflict creating more conflict between North and between North and South.South.

Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1852Beecher Stowe, 1852

This best-selling book This best-selling book told of the horrors of told of the horrors of slavery in an slavery in an emotional way. emotional way.

It turned many people It turned many people against slavery and against slavery and infuriated many infuriated many Southerners.Southerners.

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 This act of Congress overturned This act of Congress overturned

the Missouri Compromise because the Missouri Compromise because the issue of slavery in territories of the issue of slavery in territories of Kansas & Nebraska was to be Kansas & Nebraska was to be decided by decided by popular sovereigntypopular sovereignty (state citizen vote). (state citizen vote).

Bleeding Kansas-Bleeding Kansas-Border Ruffians Border Ruffians snuck across to Kansas and voted snuck across to Kansas and voted for slavery, which was not for slavery, which was not reflective of the state vote. Bloody reflective of the state vote. Bloody battles begin. Resulting in Kansas battles begin. Resulting in Kansas in a Civil War.in a Civil War.

Mad at the outcome Abolitionist Mad at the outcome Abolitionist John Brown killed 5 pro-slavery John Brown killed 5 pro-slavery people in Kansas.people in Kansas.

Senator Charles Sumner Senator Charles Sumner condemned slavery was beat by condemned slavery was beat by another senator (in the Chamber).another senator (in the Chamber).

Kansas Nebraska ActKansas Nebraska Act

The Dred Scott Case, 1857The Dred Scott Case, 1857

Dred Scott, a slave who Dred Scott, a slave who lived in Missouri (a slave lived in Missouri (a slave state), moved with his state), moved with his master to Illinois, then to master to Illinois, then to Wisconsin, both free Wisconsin, both free states. When his master states. When his master died, some abolitionist died, some abolitionist lawyers sued for his lawyers sued for his freedom saying that by freedom saying that by living in a free state he living in a free state he was then free.was then free.

The Dred Scott Case, 1857The Dred Scott Case, 1857The U.S. Supreme Court ruled:The U.S. Supreme Court ruled: Scott could not sue for freedom Scott could not sue for freedom

because he was not a citizen.because he was not a citizen. No African American (slave or No African American (slave or

free) was a citizen.free) was a citizen. The Missouri Compromise was The Missouri Compromise was

unconstitutional because it banned unconstitutional because it banned slavery in some areas.slavery in some areas.

When Congress bans slavery it When Congress bans slavery it takes property from slave holders.takes property from slave holders.

The 5th Amendment to the The 5th Amendment to the Constitution says property cannot Constitution says property cannot be taken from people. Slaves are be taken from people. Slaves are property; therefore, the Missouri property; therefore, the Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional.Compromise is unconstitutional.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858 Abe Lincoln ran against Abe Lincoln ran against

Stephen Douglas for the Stephen Douglas for the Senate. They challenged Senate. They challenged each other in a series of each other in a series of historic debates which historic debates which brought to light more brought to light more clearly the issues of clearly the issues of proslavery and proslavery and antislavery.antislavery.

Lincoln wanted to end Lincoln wanted to end slavery in the territories. slavery in the territories.

Douglas argued for Douglas argued for popular sovereigntypopular sovereignty (state citizen vote).(state citizen vote).

John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, Virginia arsenal, 1859Virginia arsenal, 1859

John Brown was an John Brown was an abolitionistabolitionist (a person who (a person who demanded an immediate and demanded an immediate and no-compromise end to slavery) no-compromise end to slavery) who planned to capture guns who planned to capture guns and ammunition, distribute and ammunition, distribute them to slaves, and have them them to slaves, and have them break free. break free.

John Brown was captured and John Brown was captured and hanged. hanged.

To most Southerners, John To most Southerners, John Brown was a dangerous Brown was a dangerous criminal. To most Northerners, criminal. To most Northerners, he was a hero.he was a hero.

Lincoln is elected President; South Lincoln is elected President; South Carolina secedes in December 1860Carolina secedes in December 1860

Secession of six more Southern Secession of six more Southern states, 1861states, 1861

The union of the U.S. was challenged when The union of the U.S. was challenged when Southern states threatened Southern states threatened secessionsecession (withdrawal from the union).(withdrawal from the union).

Southern states based their right to leave the Southern states based their right to leave the union on the fact that the original 13 states had union on the fact that the original 13 states had existed separately before they joined together to existed separately before they joined together to form the U.S. They argued form the U.S. They argued the doctrine of the doctrine of states’ rightsstates’ rights - states had the right to join the - states had the right to join the union or leave the union union or leave the union

Secession of six more Southern Secession of six more Southern states, 1861states, 1861

They believed they could They believed they could nullify nullify (ignore) a (ignore) a federal law they did not consider federal law they did not consider constitutional.constitutional.

The South seceded for more than states’ The South seceded for more than states’ rights. They also seceded because they rights. They also seceded because they were loyal to the region and economically were loyal to the region and economically dependent on the slave system.dependent on the slave system.

Secession, of six more Southern Secession, of six more Southern states, 1861states, 1861

When Lincoln was running for president, When Lincoln was running for president, he said he was against slavery, but would he said he was against slavery, but would not interfere where it already existed. He not interfere where it already existed. He said he did not want slavery extended. He said he did not want slavery extended. He also said he would defend the Constitution also said he would defend the Constitution and keep the union together.and keep the union together.

The Southern seceding states formed the The Southern seceding states formed the Confederate States of AmericaConfederate States of America (the (the Confederacy).Confederacy).

Fort Sumter attacked by South Carolina Fort Sumter attacked by South Carolina rebels; Civil War beganrebels; Civil War began, April 12, 186l , April 12, 186l

(p.371) (p.371)

Five more Southern states secede and join Five more Southern states secede and join the Confederacy, April, 1861the Confederacy, April, 1861