evironmental ecolabbeling & eu ecolabel
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TRANSCRIPT
The European Ecolabel the case of sustainable tourist
accommodation
Dott. Michele Preziosi PHD Candidate University RomaTre – Business Department
Technology for Sustainable Innovation and Production November 2013
Summary
Environmental labels and declarations - Classification
I – II – III Type
European Ecolabel
Economic and environmental impact of tourism
Ecolabel for tourist accommodation services
Ecolabel in Italian tourist accommodation
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Environmental-Labelling���Definition
Environmental labelling provides an indication of the environmental impact—related characteristics of a product *OECD
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Environmental-Labelling���Classification
• Positive • Negative • Neutral
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Environmental-Labelling���Classification
Env. Labelling Programs
First Party
Product related (e.g. recyclable)
Corporate related (e.g. Promotion of Corporate Env. )
Third Party
Mandatory
Hazard or warnings
(e.g., Pesticides) Info disclosure
Voluntary
Env. Certification Programme
Seal of approval Single attribute
ISO standards
I type II type III type
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Environmental-Labelling���Voluntary
overall goal of these labels and declarations is: "...through communication of verifiable and accurate information, that is not misleading, on environmental aspects of products and services, to encourage the demand for and supply of those products and services that cause less stress on the environment, thereby stimulating the potential for market-driven continuous environmental improvement”*
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*ISO
Environmental-Labelling���History
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• UN Conference 1992, Agenda 21 • UN Conference 2002 • Stakeholders concern for environmental protection • Business opportunity ! growing number of labels !green washing !necessity of third party certification
Voluntary Environmental-Labelling ���Types
Three major environmental labelling types: "
1. Type I – Ecolabelling 2. Type II - self-declaration claims 3. Type III - environmental declarations (e.g.
report cards/information labels)
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Type II - Self-declared Environmental Claims
“informative environmental self-declaration claims”* Formalized set of environmental data describing the environmental aspects of a product First party – Neutral/Positive – Voluntary – B2C
Dott. Michele Preziosi 2013 9 *ISO 14021:1999
is a "self-declaration" by the manufacturer about the ecological characteristics of the product itself The liability of this declaration relies entirely on the producer
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Type II - Self-declared Environmental Claims
• ecological characteristics of the product (claims) • Information accurate , verifiable , relevant and not misleading
information • Methods tested and proven on a scientific basis making it possible to
obtain reliable and reproducible results (e.g. LCA) • Need for the examination of the entire life cycle to verify and attest
that an environmental impact has not been reduced at the expense of another
• All documentation must be made available (on request) • B2C
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Type II - Self-declared ���Environmental Claims
Type II - Self-declared Environmental Claims
eg . : The recycled content , recyclability or biodegradability of the product, the absence of substances harmful to the environment ,
non-toxic or natural finishing treatment , etc.
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Type III – Environmental Declarations
“voluntary programs that provide quantified environmental data of a product, under pre-set categories of parameters set by a qualified third party and based on life cycle assessment, and verified by that or another qualified third party”*
Third Party – Neutral – Voluntary – B2B
Dott. Michele Preziosi 2013 13 *ISO TR 14025:2006
Type III – Environmental Declarations
• Is a document that allows to communicate objective information, comparable and credible, related to the environmental performance of products and services
• the information is for communication purposes only, the declaration does not contain any evaluation or minimum environmental performance levels
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Type III – Environmental Declarations
• LCA Methodology • Contains environmental information on a product
according to a predetermined parameters (Is card product on the potential environmental impacts associated with the entire arc of the cycle of life)
• Applicable to all products classified in groups with defined Product Category Rules (PCR) established in order to make products comparable
• Subjected to an independent audit • Verified and validated by an accredited independent
institution: Swedish Environmental Management Council
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Type III – Environmental Declarations
Objectives: • Comparison between goods and
services • Enable competitive mechanisms • GPP • Guiding companies’ choices
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Type III – Environmental Declarations
Composition: • Description of company and the product or
service covered by the EPD • Declaration of the environmental performance
of the product or service • Additional Information • Information on the certification body
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Type III – Environmental Declarations
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Potential benefits:
• Reduction of environmental impacts related to the product system ! new business strategies
• the enhancement of the use of technologies and eco-friendly materials
• Reduction of management and production costs • More visibility - marketing
Type I – Environmental Labelling
“A voluntary, multiple-criteria based, third party program that awards a license which authorizes the use of environmental labels on products indicating overall environmental preferability of a product within a product category based on life cycle considerations”*
Third Party – Voluntary – Positive – B2C
Dott. Michele Preziosi 2013 19 *ISO 14024:1999
Type I – Environmental Labelling
Are established by special organizations, which may be independent or institutional, which set the standard requirements that must be met for each product category (the EU Ecolabel falls into this
category)
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Type I – Environmental Labelling Ecolabelling Objectives
1. Protecting the environment – efficient management of renewable resources – efficient use of non-renewable resources – Waste reduction, reuse and recycling – Protection of ecosystems and species diversity – proper management of chemicals in products
2. Encouraging environmentally sound innovation and leadership – market incentive to environmentally innovative and progressive businesses – businesses can establish or reinforce a market niche and positive corporate image among consumers
3. Building consumer awareness of environmental issues – heighten consumer awareness – reliable information – “Trade-positive" tool (i.e. for promoting export products in foreign markets where consumer awareness
and concern for environmental impacts is established and significant)
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Type I – Environmental Labelling Guiding Principles for Ecolabelling
1. Voluntary participation 2. Compliance with environmental and other relevant legislation 3. Level of overall performance, Criteria must distinguish leadership 4. Based on sound scientific and engineering principles 5. Criteria must be credible, relevant, attainable, and measurable/verifiable 6. Independence 7. Open and accountable process 8. Flexibility 9. Consistency with ISO 14020 and ISO 14024 guiding principles (or other
appropriate documents)
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Type I – Environmental Labelling Steps
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Selection and determination of product categories
Development and adoption of appropriate criteria, standards or guidelines
Certification and licensing
Type I – Environmental Labelling Stakeholder participation
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Ecolabelling Ac>vi>es
Governments
Consumers
Program Management Authority
Industry and Commercial Associa>ons
Other Interested Par>es (e.g. media, NGOs, Academies, Interna>onal Community)
Type I – Environmental Labelling
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UE Ecolabel • What is the EU Ecolabel (EC Regulation no. 66/2010): is the European Union eco-label that rewards the products and services with the best environmental performances
• Why it was introduced: – European strategy for sustainable Production and Consumption (SPC) and
Sustainable Industrial Policy (SIP) – Consumers demand: increased environmental sensitiveness – Overcome national borders with an official label applicable throughout the EU
• Who it is aimed: – Consumers: the logo make easy recognize product or service both
environmentally friendly and good quality. – Companies: the label adds value to business and products because it increases
reputation, indicates corporate social responsibility and increases sales.
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Regulatory framework evolution
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EC Reg. 890/1992 EC Reg. 1980/2000
EC Dec. 187/2003
EC Dec. 338/2005
EC Dec. 578/2009
EC Reg. 66/2010
UE Ecolabel Criteria To obtain the label a product must satisfied some criteria
" 1. Based on product with the best
environmental performances on market
2. are determined on scientific basis 3. consider the entire life cycle of
product: raw materials, operations and disposal
4. define the environmental requirements that product must have to get label
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UE Ecolabel sustainability issues*
UE Ecolabel environmental requirements* *International Trade Center
UE Ecolabel Criteria 1. Most significant environmental
impacts: – Impact on Climate Change – Impact on nature and
biodiversity – Consumption of energy and
resources – Production of waste – Pollution due to physical effects – Use and release of hazardous
substances 2. Replacing hazard substances with
safer chemicals
3. Reduction of environmental impacts due to durability and reusability of products
4. Net environmental balance between the environmental benefits and burdens, including health and safety
5. Social and ethical aspects 6. Criteria established for other
official labels 7. Where possible, reduction of
animal experiments
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UE Ecolabel Categories
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6250
2469 2115
2000
1367
724
676
407 372
356 264
754 Hard floor coverings
Indoor plants and varnishes
All purpose cleaners and cleaners for sanitary facili>es Tissue paper
Tex>le products
Copying and graphic paper
Televisions
Soaps and shampoos
Hand dishwashing detergents
Tourist accommoda>on
Laundry detergent
Other
23 Categories of products and services can obtain the label:*
*European Union
- 33% Hard floor coverage;
- 14% indoor paints and varnishes;
- 10% Tissue paper and all-purpose cleaners;
- 2% Tourist accommodation.
UE Ecolabel Diffusion
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0 0 0 0 6 11 33 39 53
95 128
166 224 249
386
514
754
1015 1064
1357
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Evolution of issued licenses:*
9067
3839
1616
663
599
322 317 1331
Number of Ue Ecolabel products licenses issued per country 2012:*
Italy
France
UK
Netherlands
Spain
Sweden
Germany
Other
UE Ecolabel Diffusion: Italy
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2 9 63 237 491 657 789 1140 1384 2474
3822
10169
8982
12739
17320 18380
1 2 6 12 26 31 58 83 84 174 250 332 245 292 287 324
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 July 2013
Number of licenses and products released *
Products
Licenses
*ISPRA
UE Ecolabel Diffusion: Italy
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52% 26%
22%
North South & Islands Center
61 58 49
25 24 24 24 20 10 7 6 5 5 3 2 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Regional distribution of licenses 2013:*
*ISPRA
UE Ecolabel Diffusion: Italy
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181 30
20 15 15 12 12 10 8 4 2 2 1 1
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Tourist Accommoda>on
Tissue Paper
Camping
Soaps and shampoos
All purpose cleaners and cleaners for sanitary facili>es
Hard floor coverings
Indoor plants and varnishes
Hand dishwashing detergents
Texile
Shoes
Laundry detergent
Col>va>on substrate
soil condi>oner
Wood forniture Number of licenses
for product groups 2013:*
*ISPRA
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Analysis Of The EU Ecolabel In The Italian
Tourist Sector
Economic role of tourism worldwide
Tourism contribution to global GDP*
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2012 2023 estimation Growth
Direct GDP share
2,9% - 2056,6 billion $
3,1% - 3249,2 billion $ 4,4%
Total GDP share 9,3% - 6630,4 billion $
10% - 10507,1 Billion $ 4,4%
International tourist arrivals by 2030: +3,8%*
*World Travel and Tourism Council **United Nations World Tourism Organization
36
Environmental impact of tourism • 2005 Global share of tourism industry CO2 emission*
" 6% - 26400 CO2 Mt
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Sector CO2 (Mt) Share per element (%) Airplane 515 40 Car 420 32 Other transport 45 3 Accommodation 274 21 Activities 48 4 Total 26,400 100
• 2035 emissions from the sector will increase by 160%* *UNEP – UNWTO – University of Oxford
37
Sustainable Tourism
"Tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the
environment and host communities"
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*UNWTO
Sustainability tools for tourism accommodation
• Codes of Conduct • Best Environmental Practices • Environmental Performance Indicators • Environmental Management Systems • Eco-labels
" Effective and measurable improvement of
environmental performaces
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European Ecolabel for tourism
Large number of voluntary certifications ! confusions and uncertainty on consumers and
structures "
European Ecolabel "
Eliminate confusion with an official Eu tool Spread good environmental practices
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Ecolabel in Tourism Accommodation Services • EC Dec. 187/2003
" Extension to tourism
accommodation services • EC Dec. 338/2005
" Extension to campsites services
" • EC Dec. 578/2009
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Meet customers’ demand*: • 51% of tourists opt for
environmentally friendly accommodation;
• 82% prefer an intact environment.
*Studienkreis fur Umwelt und Entwicklung e V. on behalf of Umweltbundesamt, 2005
The aim of criteria The criteria aim to set limits on the main environmental impacts from the three phases of the life cycle of tourist accommodation service (purchasing, provision of the service and waste). In particular they aim to: 1. limit energy consumption 2. limit water consumption 3. limit waste production 4. favor the use of renewable resources and of substances
which are less hazardous to the environment 5. promote environmental communication and education.
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Criteria categories for tourism
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To obtain the label the services must meet 29 mandatory criteria and 61 optional criteria
" Seven broad criteria:
Before service phase
Energy - 50 % of the electricity used from renewable energy - Boiler efficiency > 88% - Air Conditioning Class A efficiency - 80% Light Bulbs Class A efficiency - Compliance with national and local buildings codes
Water savings - Reduced water flow from tap and shower - Waste water must be treated - Follow local water waste plan
Criteria categories for tourism
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To obtain the label the services must meet 29 mandatory criteria and 61 optional criteria
" Seven broad criteria:
Operational phase
General Management - Environmental Policy Statement and Action Plan - Staff training on environmental measures - Data collection
Waste reduction - No disposable products - No single dose packaging - Waste separation
Info to guests - Active info on Environmental Policy and Action Plan - Info on environmental good practices in structure
Info on EU Ecolabel - Guest Information on Ecolabel
Optional Criteria 67 criteria – 20 criteria satisfied
Ecolabel in tourism accommodation services: Italy
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• Europe: 356 licenses 2% of total • Italy: 50,8% of total EU licenses
2 12 22
79
130
199
137 159 166
181
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 June 2013
Temporally evolution of licenses:*
*ISPRA
Ecolabel in tourism accommodation services: Italy
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Agri-‐tourism B&B House for
holidays Hotel Residence Shelter Hostel
Type of accommoda>on 2012* 13 10 4 105 7 10 1
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Type of accommodation 2012*
*ISPRA
North 53%
South & Islands 32%
Center 15%
Territorial distribution 2012*
Environmental Performances Benchmark Ecolabel and other structures 1/3
Comparison of Ecolabel structures and other facilities in Trentino-Alto Adige*
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Electricity consumption Average consumption in Ecolabel structures Ecolabel compared to number of nights 116.666,59 KWh/year Other structures average 158.896 KWh/year Percentage variation -26,58%
Water consumption Average consumption in Ecolabel structures Ecolabel compared to number of night 3.579.093,18 l/year
Other structures average 4.161.000 l/year Percentage variation -26,58%
*ISPRA, Federazione Italiana per l’Uso Razionale dell’Energia
Environmental Performances Benchmark Ecolabel and other structures 2/3
Comparison of Ecolabel structures and other facilities in Italy*
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Electricity consumption Average consumption in Ecolabel
structures Ecolabel compared to number of nights
250.623,31 Kwh/year
Average of 4 stars hotel in North Italy 588.235,29 Kwh/year Percentage variation - 57,39%
*ISPRA, ENEA
Environmental Performances Benchmark Ecolabel and other structures 3/3
Comparison of Ecolabel structures and other European hotels*
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Electricity consumption 3 stars 4 stars Average consumption in Ecolabel structures Ecolabel
compared to number of nights 61,34 kWh/pern 29,51 kWh/pern Other European structures average (LIFE study) [12] 83,5 kWh/pern 71,84 kWh/pern
Percentage variation - 26,54% - 58,92%
Water consumption 3 stars 4 stars Average consumption in Ecolabel structures Ecolabel
compared to number of nights 280,27 l/pern 233,29 l/pern Other European structures average (LIFE study) 424 l/pern 335 l/pern
Percentage variation -33,90% - 30,36%
*ISPRA; Haleme H., Eckardt S.
Departement of Bisuness Management University Roma Tre
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