evitherm evitherm bruno hay 16/09/2003 task 4.1 : best practice guides compile information on...

EVITherM

EVITherM Bruno HAY 16/09/2003

Task 4.1 : Best Practice Guides

Compile information on measurement methods and

laboratories

Direct the Evitherm user quickly to this information

A user of Evitherm could find on our website :

Information on measurement techniques of thermophysical properties

Information on method to calibrate his own equipment

a help to choose :

- the measurement technique suitable to his problem

- a list of laboratories using this relevant technique

1

Scheme for guiding Evitherm userto measurement method or laboratories

1


2

Search information on measurement and calibration techniques, laboratories and equipment suppliers

Choice of a measurement technique and/or laboratories


1

2


Physical properties

Thermal diffusivity


Specific heat

Thermal conductivity

Emissivity

1 Information on measurement and calibration techniques, laboratories and equipment suppliers

…Thermal expansion

3


Measurement techniques

Guarded hot plate


Hot wire method

Flash method

Axial heat flow method

Heat flow meter

Radial flow method Comparative method

…

(P)

(P)

(P)

(S)

(S)

(P)

(P)

P : Primary or absolute method / S : Secondary method


4


Flash method


Laboratories

Calibration

Measurement

Apparatus suppliers


5


Flash method – Measurement / Calibration

- Principle of measurement (short description)

- Advantages / Disadvantages

- Range of applicability


Guides Standards Databases


6


Laboratories and measurement providers using the flash method

Name Contact Website Country

LNE Bruno Hay www.lne.fr France PTB IKE NPL …


12345


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Technique Temperature Range Further information Laser flash technique 20 °C - 1500 °C Uncertainty : 3 % to 5 %

Atmosphere : vacuum, inert gas Cylindrical specimens

Diameter : 10 mm Thickness : from 1 to 4 mm

LABORATOIRE NATIONAL D’ESSAIS

Adress Contact Qualification

29, avenue Roger Hennequin Bruno HAY COFRAC 78197 Trappes Cedex [email protected] NMI France Tel: 33 1 30 69 12 20 Fax: 33 1 30 69 12 34


8


Flash method - Suppliers of apparatus

Name Website Country

Netzsch Gerätebau GmbH www.ngb.netzsch.com Germany

…

…

…


1

2

3

4


9



Netzsch Gerätebau GmbH

Adress

NETZSCH Gerätebau GmbH Tel +49 9287/881-0 Wittelsbacherstraße 42 Fax +49 9287/881-144 D-95100 Selb/Bayern E-mail:

[email protected]


10


2 Choice of a measurement technique and/or laboratories


Physical properties

Thermal diffusivity

Specific heat

Thermal conductivity

Emissivity

…Thermal expansion

11



Type of material

Insulating material


Ceramics / Glasses

Polymers

Metals / Alloys

… …

12



Characteristics of the material


Liquid

State

Composite

Homogeneity

Porous With coating

Semi-transparent

Transparency

OpaqueSolid Homogeneous

Thin film

Furthercharacteristics

Moisture

…

Powder

13



Temperature range

Below RT


500 °C - 1500 °C Above 1500 °C

Above 1500 °C500 °C - 1500 °CBelow RT

Minimum

Maximum

Uncertainty

< 2% < 10 % < 15 %< 5%

RT - 500 °C

RT - 500 °C

14




Summary of the requirements

Physical property Material StateThermal conductivity Metals / Alloys Solid,

homogeneous, opaque

Temperature range Uncertainty

RT to 1500 °C < 5 %

M

1

2

3

Results of the request

Technique Sample Geometry

Laser Flash Technique Cylindrical specimens - Flat and parallel faces Diameter 5 mm to 20 mm - Thickness : 1 mm to 5 mm

Hot Wire Technique Pair of square specimens with grooves - Flat and parallel faces L: 100 mm to 250 mm - W : 30 mm to 100 mm - T : 20 mm to 50 mm

Guarded Hot Plate Pair of cylindrical or square specimens - Flat and parallel faces Diameter or square 100 mm to 500 mm - Thickness : 20 mm to 50 mm

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Geographical situation


All countries

Austria

England

France

Germany

…Italy

France

Qualification

All laboratories

Certified labs.

NMI’s

Qualified labs.

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Technique Temperature Range Further information Laser flash technique 20 °C - 1500 °C Uncertainty : 3 % to 5 %

Atmosphere : vacuum, inert gas Cylindrical specimens

Diameter : 10 mm Thickness : from 1 to 4 mm

LABORATOIRE NATIONAL D’ESSAIS

Adress Contact Qualification

29, avenue Roger Hennequin Bruno HAY COFRAC 78197 Trappes Cedex [email protected] NMI France Tel: 33 1 30 69 12 20 Fax: 33 1 30 69 12 34


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Selection of measurement methods


To propose to a Evitherm user the measurement method suitable to his requirements, we should :

- Fix selection criteria (sample geometry, temperature range, material …)

- Quantify these criteria for each measurement methods

- Define a method allowing to find the suitable method from the criteria


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Table 1 Thermal Conductivity – Measurement MethodsMeasurement

MethodMain type

of materialsTemperature

range Sample geometry Measurement

rangeLaboratoriesAtm.

Flashmethod

[20 - 2000°C]Cylindrical sample

diameter : 5 to 20 mmthickness : 1 to 5 mm

[1-500 W/mK]Inert gasvacuum

air

ARCS, LNE NPL…

OpaqueHomogeneous

Guarded hotplate

OpaqueSemi-transp.

HomogeneousComposites

[20 - 500 °C]2 cylindrical or square samplesflat and parallel faces diameter : 100 to 500 mmThickness : 20 mm to 50 mm

< 1 W/mK air IKE, LNE NPL, PTB…

Hot wiremethod

Refractorymaterials

including powder[20 - 1500 °C]

2 square samples with groovesflat and parallel faces

Length : 100 mm to 250 mmWidth : 30 mm to 100 mm

Thickness : 20 mm to 50 mm

< 5 W/mK air IKE, NPL

PTB…

TemperatureWave method

OpaqueHomogeneous

[20 - 2000 °C]Cylindrical sample

Diameter : 5 mm to 10 mmThickness : 1 mm to 5 mm

[1-500 W/mK]Inert gasvacuum

air IKE

Four ProbeTechnique

ElectricConductingmaterials

[50 - 1200 °C]Cylindrical sampleDiameter : 5.5 mm,

Length : 90 mm [1-500 W/mK] IKE

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Table 2 Thermal Conductivity – Laboratories

Labs MeasurementMethods

Temp. Range (°C)

Sample geometry

Country

LNE

Cylindrical samplediameter : 10 mm

thickness : 1 to 5 mm

Guarded hotplate

Solid materials (alloys, ceramics

polymers)20

Pair of square samplesflat and parallel facessquare : 500 mmThickness : 20 to 50 mm

Laser flashmethod

Main typeof materials

Solid materials (thermal insulation

products)

min max

1500

-10 60

Uncert. of measur.

5 %to 6 %

0.5 % to 1

%

France

Qualif.

COFRAC NMI

20




1 - Evitherm user expresses his requirements

2 - Coherences between the requirements and the characteristics of each method are checked

3 - The most relevant methods are proposed

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User requirementsState of material

Flash method

Guarded hot plate

Hot wire method

Solid Homog. Opaque

Temperature

1500 °C 1-5 W/mK

Total

1 111 1 5

1 011 0 3

1 011 1 4

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