evolução da navegação e ampliação dos portos
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Evolução Da Navegação e Ampliação Dos PortosTRANSCRIPT
Evolução da navegação e a ampliação dos portos
Semana da engenharia UFSC/PET
Sílvio dos Santos
Outubro 2008
Copyright © 1999-2005, Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Economics & Geography, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, 11549 USA.
You may use the figures within for educational purposes only. No modification or redistribution permitted.
For more information: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans
Early European Sailships -1492
An Early Steamship, “The Great Britain”, 1845
VLCC, Persian Gulf - 1975
19421975Modern VLCC (305 m)
T2 Tanker (153 m)
Comparison between a Contemporary and Second World
War Tanker
SUPER PETROLEIRO
• Capacidade 458.000 t
• Comprimento 378 m• Largura 68 m• Calado 28 m• ULCC – ultra large
crude carrier• Operação off-shore
NAVIOS ROLL ON ROLL OFF
Derivados dos ferry-boat1º na década 70Transporte de veículosTransporte de grandes
volumesLASH light aboard shipSEABEE barge elevator
Ideal-X being Loaded, 1956
Five Generations of Containerships First Generation (1956-1970)
Converted Tanker
Second Generation (1970-1980)
Cellular Containership
Third Generation (1980-1988)
Panamax Class
Fourth Generation (1988-2000)
Post Panamax Plus
Fifth Generation (2000-?)
Post Panamax
Converted Cargo Vessel
TEULength
135 m
200 m
500
800
215 m1,000 –2,500
250 m 3,000
290 m 4,000
275 –305 m
4,000 –5,000
335 m5,000 –8,000
Draft
< 9 m< 30 ft
10 m33 ft
11-12 m36-40 ft
11-13 m36-43 ft
13-14 m43-46 ft
Emma Maersk - 2007
Novas tecnologias
Basic Constraints of Port Sites
Maritime Space
Land Space
Infrastructures
Port
Land Access
Maritime Access
Interface
Port SitesIn a delta Margin of a delta Along a river Natural harbors
In an estuary Near an estuary In a bay Protected
Harbor Types
Coastal Natural Coastal Breakwater
Coastal Tide Gates River Natural
River Basins River Tide Gates
Canal or Lake Open Roadstead
Infrastructure
Serv
ices
tosh
ips
Services tom
erchandises
Regionalport
Main port
FDC
Regionalport
FDC
Main port
Hinterland Fo
rela
nd
Export activity
Import activity
Rail transport
FDC
Road transport
Freight distribution center
Maritimetransport
Port FunctionsMaritime Space Land Space
The Evolution of a Port
Setting Expansion Specialization
1 2
2
34
4
44
4
5
Downtown
Urban expansion
Terminal facilities
Port-related activities
RailHighwayWater depth Reconversion
3
Evolution of the Port of Rotterdam
Den Haag
Rotterdam
VlaardingenSchiedam
DelftDelft
LeidenLeiden
ZoetermeerZoetermeer
SpijkenisseSpijkenisse
Oud-BeijerlandOud-Beijerland
WassenaarWassenaar
NaaldwijkNaaldwijk
PijnackerPijnacker
HellevoetsluisHellevoetsluis
HoogvlietHoogvliet
MaassluisMaassluis
BarendrechtBarendrecht
's-Gravenzande's-Gravenzande
VoorschotenVoorschoten
Krimpen aan den IJsselKrimpen aan den IJssel
Capelle aan den IJsselCapelle aan den IJssel
France
GermanyBelgium
NetherlandsUnited Kingdom
Luxembourg
Rhine
0 3 6 9 121.5Miles
Development Phases
1400 - 1800
1800 - 1900
1920 - 1940
1946 - 1960
1960 - 1970
1970 - 2000
Poles of the Global Economy
Newly IndustrializingDevelopingUnderdeveloped
AdvancedOil Export / Rent
North AmericaWestern Europe
East Asia
Economies
The Geographical Space of Maritime Transportation
P A I P
M
Panama
MagellanGood Hope
SuezGibraltar
Malacca
Sunda
Northwest
Throughput of the World’s Major Ports, 1997-2000 (in millions of metric tons)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Rotterdam
Singapore
Shanghai
Hong Kong
Nagoya
Antwerp
Pusan
Yokohama
Marseilles
Hamburg 1997
2000
Container Traffic of the World 20 Largest Ports, 2003
0 5.000.000 10.000.000 15.000.000 20.000.000 25.000.000
Hong Kong
Singapore
Shanghai
Shenzhen
Busan
Kaohsiung
Los Angeles
Rotterdam
Hamburg
Antwerp
Dubai
Port Kalang
Long Beach
Quingdao
New York/New Jersey
Tanjung Pelepas
Tokyo
Bremen/Bremerhafen
Laem Chabang
Gioia Tauro
Global Exports of Merchandises, 1963-2003
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1963 1975 1990 1994 2000 2003
Manufactured products
Mineral products
Agricultural products
Share of Containerized Cargo in Global Trade, 1980-2000
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Mill
ion
tons
Containerized Cargo
Other General Cargo
Average Cost per TEU by Containership Capacity and By Route,
1997
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Capacity in TEU
Cos
ts p
er T
EU
($U
S)
Europe - Far East (11,500 miles)
Trans Pacific (8,000 miles)
Trans Atlantic (4,000 miles)
World Container Fleet (in thousand TEUs)
02.0004.0006.0008.000
10.00012.00014.00016.00018.00020.000
2001 2002 2003 2004
Sea Carrier Fleet
Lessors Fleet
